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DE69633803T2 - Exterior rearview mirror with integrated light - Google Patents

Exterior rearview mirror with integrated light Download PDF

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Publication number
DE69633803T2
DE69633803T2 DE69633803T DE69633803T DE69633803T2 DE 69633803 T2 DE69633803 T2 DE 69633803T2 DE 69633803 T DE69633803 T DE 69633803T DE 69633803 T DE69633803 T DE 69633803T DE 69633803 T2 DE69633803 T2 DE 69633803T2
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
light
mirror assembly
enclosure
light source
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
DE69633803T
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German (de)
Other versions
DE69633803D1 (en
Inventor
Todd W. Spring Lake Pastrick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magna Donnelly Corp
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Donnelly Corp
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Publication of DE69633803D1 publication Critical patent/DE69633803D1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/2661—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic mounted on parts having other functions
    • B60Q1/2665—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic mounted on parts having other functions on rear-view mirrors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/34—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating change of drive direction
    • B60Q1/38—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating change of drive direction using immovably-mounted light sources, e.g. fixed flashing lamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R1/00—Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
    • B60R1/12—Mirror assemblies combined with other articles, e.g. clocks
    • B60R1/1207—Mirror assemblies combined with other articles, e.g. clocks with lamps; with turn indicators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q2300/00—Indexing codes for automatically adjustable headlamps or automatically dimmable headlamps
    • B60Q2300/05—Special features for controlling or switching of the light beam
    • B60Q2300/054—Variable non-standard intensity, i.e. emission of various beam intensities different from standard intensities, e.g. continuous or stepped transitions of intensity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q2900/00—Features of lamps not covered by other groups in B60Q
    • B60Q2900/30—Lamps commanded by wireless transmissions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R1/00—Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
    • B60R1/12—Mirror assemblies combined with other articles, e.g. clocks
    • B60R2001/1284—Mirror assemblies combined with other articles, e.g. clocks with communication systems other than radio-receivers, e.g. keyless entry systems, navigation systems; with anti-collision systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/12—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads which protect the occupants against personal attack from the inside or the outside of the vehicle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S362/00—Illumination
    • Y10S362/80—Light emitting diode

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
  • Rear-View Mirror Devices That Are Mounted On The Exterior Of The Vehicle (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)

Description

Diese Erfindung betrifft allgemein ein Signallichtmodul für eine Fahrzeugspiegelbaugruppe und die Spiegelbaugruppe selbst. Die Erfindung ist besonders zum Einbau in die Außenspiegel eines Fahrzeugs ausgelegt.These The invention generally relates to a signal light module for a vehicle mirror assembly and the mirror assembly itself. The invention is particularly for Installation in the exterior mirrors a vehicle designed.

GB 2,275,329A offenbart ein Signallichtmodul gemäß der Präambel von Anspruch 1, das in einer Fahrzeugaußenspiegelbaugruppe positioniert ist. Innerhalb der Baugruppe ist eine Lichtquelle in einer Einfassung mit einer lichtübertragenden Öffnung untergebracht, wobei die Öffnung mit einer Linse bedeckt ist. Die Lichtquelle strahlt Licht allgemein entlang einer Lichtstrahlungsachse aus, die sich nach hinten von dem Insassenabteil eines Fahrzeugs weg erstreckt, um den Fahrer gegen durch die Lichtquelle ausgestrahltes Licht abzuschirmen.GB No. 2,275,329A discloses a signal light module according to the preamble of claim 1, which is incorporated by reference a vehicle outside mirror assembly is positioned. Inside the assembly is a light source in housed in a surround with a light transmitting aperture, the opening covered with a lens. The light source emits light in general along a ray of light coming from behind extends the passenger compartment of a vehicle away to the driver shield against emitted by the light source light.

Die vorliegende Erfindung schafft ein wie oben beschriebenes Signallicht eingebaut in ein Signallichtmodul, das ausgelegt ist, um entfernbar in einer Öffnung in einer Fahrzeugaußenspiegelbaugruppe positioniert zu werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lichtquelle eine Mehrzahl lichtemittierender Dioden mit Leuchten-Rastern zwischen diesen in der Einfassung aufweist, um den Fahrer gegen durch die Dioden ausgestrahltes Licht abzuschirmen.The The present invention provides a signal light as described above built into a signal light module that is designed to be removable in an opening in a vehicle exterior mirror assembly to be positioned, characterized in that the light source a plurality of light-emitting diodes with luminaire grids between This has in the enclosure to the driver against through the diodes to shield emitted light.

Es sollen nun Ausführungsformen der Erfindung beispielhaft unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen beschrieben werden, in denen:It Shall now embodiments the invention by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings be described, in which:

1 eine perspektivische Explosionsansicht von der Front einer Spiegelbaugruppe (hinten von dem Fahrzeug) gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist; 1 an exploded perspective view of the front of a mirror assembly (the rear of the vehicle) according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 eine perspektivische Explosionsansicht ist, die Details des Lichtmoduls von 1 zeigt; 2 an exploded perspective view is the details of the light module of 1 shows;

3 eine Schnittansicht entlang den Linien XXIII-XXIII in 2 ist; und 3 a sectional view taken along the lines XXIII-XXIII in 2 is; and

4 ein Frontaufriss des Spiegelbaugruppe in den 1 und 2 ist, der die Art zeigt, in der ein Lichtmodul entfernbar an einem Außenrückspiegelgehäuse angebracht wird. 4 a front elevation of the mirror assembly in the 1 and 2 Fig. 11 is a view showing the manner in which a light module is removably attached to an exterior rearview mirror housing.

Ein persönliches Fahrzeugsicherheitsbeleuchtungssystem 25' umfasst ein Lichtmodul 104, das entfernbar in einem Gehäuse 34' einer Außenspiegelbaugruppe 26' (1) positioniert wird. Zusätzlich zu der Öffnung zum Annehmen eines Deckrings oder einer Verkleidung 106 umfasst das Spiegelgehäuse 34' eine Abwärtsöffnung 108 zum Aufnehmen des Lichtmoduls 104. Außerdem umfasst der Deckring 106 eine Ausnehmung 110, die eine allgemein nach unten und nach hinten vom Fahrzeug gerichtete Öffnung begrenzt. Die Außenspiegelbaugruppe 26' umfasst einen Träger 43' zum Anbringen einer Positionierungseinrichtung 42, die ein reflektierendes Element 28 anbringt. Der Träger 43' umfasst zwei Paar flexibler Zinken 112, die in an einer Einfassung 116 des Lichtmoduls 104 definierten Fassungen 114 aufgenommen werden. Die Zinken 112 greifen lösbar in die Fassungen 114 ein, um das Lichtmodul innerhalb der Außenspiegelbaugruppe in den Öffnungen 108 und 110 zu halten. Das Lichtmodul 104 kann aus der Außenspiegelbaugruppe 26' ausgebaut werden, indem mit einer Nadelspitzenzange oder dergleichen hinter das reflektierende Element 28 gegriffen wird und der Reihe nach jedes der Paare von Zinken 112 zusammengedrückt wird, um die Zinken aus den Fassungen 114 zu lösen. Daher liefern die Zinken 112 und Fassungen 114 ein System ohne Befestigungseinrichtungen, welches das Lichtmodul ohne Verwendung getrennter Befestigungseinrichtungen in der Außenspiegelbaugruppe festhält. Ein Paar Schultern 118, die einen Schlitz 120 zwischen sich begrenzen, ergreifen einen Vorsprung von einer Innenfläche (nicht gezeigt) des Gehäuses 34', um eine stabile Positionierung des Lichtmoduls 104 innerhalb des Gehäuses 34' zu unterstützen. Alternativ könnten eine oder mehrere Befestigungseinrichtungen wie zum Beispiel Schrauben, Klammern, Klinken, Clips und dergleichen verwendet werden. Zur Einfachheit von Wartung und zur Kundenakzeptanz sollten jedoch vorzugsweise nur eine, und höchstens zwei solcher Befestigungseinrichtungen verwendet werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil eines Systems ohne Befestigungseinrichtungen besteht darin, dass es die Lieferung eines Lichtmoduls zum Gebrauch in einer Mehrzahl von Außenspiegelbaugruppen, die durch eine Vielzahl von Außenspiegelherstellern hergestellt werden, bei minimalen Modifikationen an dem vollständigen Spiegelbaugruppengehäuse vereinfacht.A personal vehicle safety lighting system 25 ' includes a light module 104 Removable in a housing 34 ' an exterior mirror assembly 26 ' ( 1 ) is positioned. In addition to the opening for accepting a bezel or trim 106 includes the mirror housing 34 ' a downward opening 108 for picking up the light module 104 , In addition, the cover ring includes 106 a recess 110 that limits an opening directed generally down and to the rear of the vehicle. The exterior mirror assembly 26 ' includes a carrier 43 ' for attaching a positioning device 42 that is a reflective element 28 install. The carrier 43 ' includes two pairs of flexible tines 112 standing in at a mount 116 of the light module 104 defined versions 114 be recorded. The tines 112 grip detachably in the sockets 114 to the light module within the exterior mirror assembly in the openings 108 and 110 to keep. The light module 104 may be from the outside mirror assembly 26 ' be removed by using a needle tip pliers or the like behind the reflective element 28 and, in turn, each of the pairs of prongs 112 is compressed to the tines from the versions 114 to solve. Therefore, deliver the tines 112 and versions 114 a system without fasteners that holds the light module in place without the use of separate fasteners in the wing mirror assembly. A pair of shoulders 118 that have a slot 120 between them, grab a projection from an inner surface (not shown) of the housing 34 ' to a stable positioning of the light module 104 inside the case 34 ' to support. Alternatively, one or more fasteners such as screws, staples, pawls, clips and the like could be used. However, for ease of maintenance and customer acceptance, preferably only one and at most two such fasteners should be used. Another advantage of a system without fasteners is that it facilitates the delivery of a light module for use in a plurality of exterior mirror assemblies manufactured by a plurality of wing mirror manufacturers with minimal modifications to the complete mirror assembly housing.

Die Einheitseinfassung 116 umfasst eine allgemein nach unten gerichtete lichtübertragende Öffnung 122 und eine Öffnung 121 zum Aufnehmen einer Lichtfassung 124. Die Lichtfassung 124 schafft eine elektrische Verbindung zu einer Lichtquelle 126, die elektrisch durch ein Kabel 128 mit dem Fahrzeug verbunden ist. Die Fassung kann selbstabdichtend sein, was durch Wahl eines Materials bei ihrem Aufbau zumindest an der Berührungsfläche erreicht wird, das eine Abdichtungsfunktion erfüllt. Vorzugsweise ist die Fassung entweder vollständig oder teilweise zumindest an ihrer Berührungsfläche ein elastisches, etwas flexibles Polymermaterial, vorzugsweise mit einer Durometerhärte, gemessen auf einer SHORE A Skala, von weniger als ungefähr 95, stärker bevorzugt weniger als ungefähr 85, und am stärksten bevorzugt weniger als ungefähr 75, jedoch vorzugsweise einer SHORE A Härte größer als etwa 50 und vorzugsweise größer als etwa 60. Materialien, die zum Erreichen hiervon geeignet sind, und gleichzeitig die benötigte physikalische, mechanische und Hochtemperaturleistung aufweisen, umfassen Silikone, Urethane, thermoplastische Gummis und Polyvinylchlorid. Vorzugsweise kann das für die selbstabdichtende Fassung verwendeten Material in Gebrauch Temperaturen über ungefähr 200°F (93,3°C) oder höher standhalten. Alternativ kann eine starre Konstruktion für die Lichtfassung verwendet werden, wie zum Beispiel Keramik, Maschinenbaukunststoff, Bakelite, Nylon, Polyester, gefülltes Polyester, oder (glas- und/oder mineral-) gefülltes Nylon, wenn ein die oben genannten Eigenschaften lieferndes Dichtungsmaterial an dem Punkt der Berührung von Lichtfassung 124 und Einfassung 116 verwendet wird. Die Lichtfassung 124 dichtet gegen die Einfassung 116 durch Vorsehen einer Dichtung ab, die in der dargestellten Ausführungsform durch die flexible Beschaffenheit der Lichtfassung 124 bereitgestellt wird. Alternativ könnte ein getrenntes Dichtungselement gebildet aus einem Material wie zum Beispiel Silikon, Neopren, thermoplastischem Gummi, EPDM, Polypropylen/EPDM-Legierung und ähnlichen elastomeren Materialien vorzugsweise mit den oben aufgelisteten Härteeigenschaften zwischen der Lichtfassung und der Einfassung eingefügt werden. Die lichtübertragende Öffnung 122 wird durch ein Abdeckelement 130 bedeckt. Das Abdeckelement 130 ist ein Linsenelement, das die Verteilung von aus der Lichtquelle 126 emittiertem Licht beeinflusst. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist das Abdeckelement 130 eine durchsichtige optische Linse, die eine im wesentlichen einheitliche Lichtlache auf dem beleuchteten Bereich angrenzend an die Fahrzeugtür mit einem relativ breiten Lichtmuster oder Flutungsmuster liefert. Alternativ könnte das Abdeckelement 130 eine Beugungsoptik, eine Diffusionsoptik, eine lichtbrechende Optik, eine reflektierende Optik, eine holographische Optik, eine binäre Optik, oder eine Sinusoptik darstellen. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist die Lichtquelle 126 eine Glühlampe, die eine Glühfadenoptik mit einer minimalen Leistung von 5 Cdl aufweist. Eine solche in einer Außenspiegelbaugruppe eines Fahrzeugs angebrachte Kerzenleistung wird vorzugsweise eine Bodenflächenbeleuchtungsstärke von mindestens etwa 5 Lux oder größer, stärker bevorzugt mindestens etwa 10 Lux, und am stärksten bevorzugt mindestens etwa 20 Lux erzeugen. Die Lichtquelle 126 kann hinsichtlich ihrer Leistung bis zu einer Leistung von 32 Cdl oder mehr reichen. Der bevorzugte Bereich liegt zwischen einer Leistung von ungefähr 5 Cdl und einer Leistung von ungefähr 15 Cdl. Es ist erwünscht, so viel Kerzenleistung wie möglich bereitzustellen, ohne übermäßige Wärme innerhalb der Einfassung 116 zu erzeugen. Wenn eine Lampe hoher Wattzahl verwendet wird, wird ein Belüftungssystem bereitgestellt. Im technischen Gebiet sind Belüftungstechniken bekannt, die den Durchgang von Luft durch den Hohlraum 134 zulassen, in dem die Lichtquelle positioniert ist, während eine im wesentlichen feuchtigkeitsundurchlässige Sperre geschaffen wird.The unit mount 116 includes a generally downwardly-directed light-transmitting aperture 122 and an opening 121 for taking a light capture 124 , The light socket 124 creates an electrical connection to a light source 126 , which is electrically connected by a cable 128 connected to the vehicle. The socket can be self-sealing, which is achieved by choosing a material in its construction at least at the contact surface, which fulfills a sealing function. Preferably, the socket is either entirely or partially at least at its interface a resilient, somewhat flexible polymer material, preferably having a durometer, measured on a SHORE A scale, of less than about 95, more preferably less than about 85, and most preferably less than about 75, but preferably a SHORE A hardness greater than about 50, and preferably greater than about 60. Materials suitable for achieving this while maintaining the physical, mechanical, and physical properties required High temperature performance include silicones, urethanes, thermoplastic rubbers and polyvinyl chloride. Preferably, the material used for the self-sealing socket may withstand temperatures in excess of about 200 ° F (93.3 ° C) or higher in use. Alternatively, a rigid construction can be used for the light detection, such as ceramic, engineering plastic, bakelite, nylon, polyester, filled polyester, or (glass and / or mineral) filled nylon, if a gasket material providing the above properties on the Point of contact of light socket 124 and surround 116 is used. The light socket 124 seals against the mount 116 by providing a seal, which in the illustrated embodiment by the flexible nature of the light socket 124 provided. Alternatively, a separate sealing member formed of a material such as silicone, neoprene, thermoplastic rubber, EPDM, polypropylene / EPDM alloy, and similar elastomeric materials, preferably having the above-listed hardness characteristics, could be interposed between the light socket and the skirt. The light-transmitting opening 122 is through a cover 130 covered. The cover element 130 is a lens element that controls the distribution of light from the source 126 emitted light. In the illustrated embodiment, the cover member 130 a transparent optical lens that provides a substantially uniform light pool on the illuminated area adjacent to the vehicle door having a relatively wide light pattern or flooding pattern. Alternatively, the cover could 130 a diffractive optics, a diffusion optics, a refractive optics, a reflective optics, a holographic optics, a binary optics, or a sine optics represent. In the illustrated embodiment, the light source is 126 an incandescent lamp that has a filament optic with a minimum power of 5 Cdl. Such a candle power mounted in an exterior mirror assembly of a vehicle will preferably produce a bottom surface illumination of at least about 5 lux or greater, more preferably at least about 10 lux, and most preferably at least about 20 lux. The light source 126 can range in performance up to 32 Cdl or more. The preferred range is between a power of about 5 Cdl and a power of about 15 Cdl. It is desirable to provide as much candle power as possible without excessive heat within the enclosure 116 to create. If a high wattage lamp is used, a ventilation system is provided. In the technical field, ventilation techniques are known which control the passage of air through the cavity 134 in which the light source is positioned while providing a substantially moisture impermeable barrier.

Das Lichtmodul 104 umfasst zusätzlich einen die Lichtquelle 126 umschließenden Reflektor 132, welche beide in einem Hohlraum 134 positioniert sind, der sich zur lichtübertragenden Öffnung 122 erstreckt. Der Zweck des Reflektors besteht darin, das Licht von der Lichtquelle 126 in das in den 10–12 von GB 2,275,329 dargestellte Lichtmuster zu leiten. Der Reflektor 132 kann ein Parabolreflektor sein, wie in 3 dargestellt ist, kann jedoch zusätzlich einen verlängerten Tunnel einschließen, um Kollimation des Lichtstrahls zu liefern. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist der Reflektor 132 Aluminium oder hochwirksames Aluminium, das auf einer den Hohlraum 134 begrenzenden Wand 133 vakuumaufgebracht wird, wahlweise mit einem Lacküberzug. Alternativ könnte die Wand 133 mit einer weißen Farbe wie zum Beispiel "Argent" weiß oder einer Silberfarbe überzogen werden. Der Reflektor 132 kann ein getrenntes Element wie zum Beispiel gestanztes Metall oder eine mit Aluminium bedampfte Glasoptik sein. Alternativ können die Lichtquelle 126 und der Reflektor 132 als eine Baugruppe bereitgestellt werden.The light module 104 additionally includes the light source 126 enclosing reflector 132 which are both in a cavity 134 positioned to the light-transmitting opening 122 extends. The purpose of the reflector is to capture the light from the light source 126 in the in the 10 - 12 from GB 2,275,329. The reflector 132 can be a parabolic reflector, as in 3 however, may additionally include an extended tunnel to provide collimation of the light beam. In the illustrated embodiment, the reflector 132 Aluminum or highly efficient aluminum, which on one the cavity 134 bounding wall 133 vacuum applied, optionally with a paint coating. Alternatively, the wall could 133 coated with a white color such as "Argent" white or a silver color. The reflector 132 may be a separate element such as stamped metal or an aluminum vaporized glass optic. Alternatively, the light source 126 and the reflector 132 be provided as an assembly.

Das Lichtmodul 104 umfasst einen zweiten Hohlraum 140, der in der Einfassung 116 begrenzt ist und sich zu einer zweiten lichtübertragenden Öffnung 136 erstreckt. Eine Signallichtbaugruppe 138 wird in dem Hohlraum 140 positioniert, um Licht nach hinten im Bezug zum Fahrzeug auszustrahlen. Die Signallichtbaugruppe 138 umfasst ein Paar elektrischer Kontakte 142, die durch Nuten 144 vorstehen, welche in einem die Öffnung 136 umschließenden Flansch 146 definiert sind. Die Kontakte 142 ergreifen einen Verbinder 148, der elektrische Verbindung zwischen der Signallichtbaugruppe 138 und dem Fahrzeug durch ein Kabel 128 schafft, welches seinerseits auf Huckepack- oder andere Weise einen Anschluss an existierende 12 Volt-Batterie/Zündungsverdrahtung liefert, die bereits in dem Gehäuse vorgesehen ist, um ein elektrisches Betätigungselement und/oder ein Abtauheizfeld zu bedienen.The light module 104 includes a second cavity 140 that in the mount 116 is limited and to a second light-transmitting opening 136 extends. A signal light assembly 138 is in the cavity 140 positioned to emit light to the rear relative to the vehicle. The signal light assembly 138 includes a pair of electrical contacts 142 through grooves 144 protrude, which in one the opening 136 enclosing flange 146 are defined. The contacts 142 grab a connector 148 , the electrical connection between the signal light assembly 138 and the vehicle through a cable 128 which in turn piggybacks or otherwise provides a connection to existing 12 volt battery / ignition wiring already provided in the housing to service an electrical actuator and / or a defrost heating panel.

Die Signallichtbaugruppe 138 umfasst eine Mehrzahl lichtemittierender Dioden 152 positioniert auf einer Leiterplatte 150. Eine Vielzahl emittierender Quellen kann als lichtemittierende Quelle 90 verwendet werden, einschließlich, jedoch nicht begrenzt auf sehr hochintensive bernstein- und rötlich-orange lichtemittierende Dioden- (LED) Quellen, wie zum Beispiel lichtemittierende Festkörperdioden- (LED) Quellen, die Materialtechnik mit doppeltem Heteroübergang AlGaAs/GaAs verwenden, wie zum Beispiel sehr hochintensive rote LED-Lampen T-1 3/4 (5 mm) HLMP-4100/4101, erhältlich von Hewlett Packard Corporation, Palo Alto, Kalifornien, oder die Materialtechnik mit transparentem Substrat aus Aluminium-Indium-Gallium-Phosphid (AlInGaP) verwenden, im Handel erhältlich von Hewlett Packard Corporation, Palo Alto, Kalifornien unter der Bezeichnung T-1 3/4 (5 mm) HLMT-DL00, HLMT-CH00, HLMT-CL00, HLMT-CH15, HLMT-CL15 und HLMT-DH00, oder bernsteinfarbene und rötlich-orange AlInGaP-Hochenergielampen unter der Bezeichnung HLMA-CHOO/-CLOO, HLMA-DGOO/-DHOO/-DLOO, HLMA-EH2O/-EL2O, HLMA-KH00/-KL00, und HLMA-QHOO/-QLOO, oder die InGaAlP-Materialtechnik erhältlich von Toshiba Corporation aus Latham, New York wie zum Beispiel unter der Bezeichnung TLRH180D, oder GaAlAs/GaAlAs-LED-Quellen verwenden, die von Sharp Corporation Electronics Components Group wie zum Beispiel das Model Nr. GL6UR31T und Model Nr. GL6UR3T erhältlich sind und rote LEDS darstellen. Durch solche Festkörperquellen gelieferte Lichtemittierungsfarben umfassen orange, gelb, bernsteinfarben, rot sowie rötlich-orange, vorzugsweise ohne die Notwendigkeit zusätzlicher Spektralfilter. Die bevorzugten lichtemittierenden Festkörperdioden arbeiten bei 25°C oder um diesem Bereich herum bei einer Vorwärtsspannung von etwa 2 Volt bis etwa 5 Volt; haben eine Lichtstärke (gemessen an der Spitze des räumlichen Strahlungsmusters, die nicht mit der mechanischen Achse des Quellenpakets ausgerichtet sein muss) eines Minimums, bei einem Strom von 20 mA, von etwa 500 bis etwa 5000 mcd (typischerweise etwa 700 bis etwa 7000 mcd); arbeiten bei einem Vorwärtsstrom von etwa 20 mA bis etwa 50 mA; emittieren mit einer dominanten Wellenlänge (CIE Farbtafel) von etwa 530 nm bis etwa 680 nm; und haben einen Beobachtungswinkel 2Θ½ (wobei Θ½ der achsenversetzte Winkel ist, wo die Lichtstärke eine Hälfte der Spitzenintensität beträgt) von etwa 5° bis etwa 25°.The signal light assembly 138 includes a plurality of light emitting diodes 152 positioned on a circuit board 150 , A variety of emitting sources can be used as a light-emitting source 90 including, but not limited to, very high intensity amber and reddish orange light emitting diode (LED) sources, such as solid state light emitting diode (LED) sources employing AlGaAs / GaAs double heterojunction materials, such as very High Intensity T-1 3/4 (5mm) Red LED Lamps HLMP-4100/4101, available from Hewlett Packard Corporation of Palo Alto, California, or use the material technology with transparent aluminum indium gallium phosphide (AlInGaP) substrate commercially available from Hewlett Packard Corporation of Palo Alto, California under the designation T-1 3/4 (5 mm) HLMT-DL00, HLMT-CH00, HLMT-CL00, HLMT-CH15, HLMT-CL15 and HLMT-DH00, or amber and reddish-orange AlInGaP high-energy lamps, designated HLMA-CHOO / -CLOO, HLMA-DGOO / -DHOO / -DLOO, HLMA-EH2O / -EL2O, HLMA-KH00 / -KL00, and HLMA-QHOO / -QLOO, or the InGaAlP material technique available from Toshiba Corporation of Latham, New York, such as, for example use the designation TLRH180D, or GaAlAs / GaAlAs LED sources available from Sharp Corporation Electronics Components Group such as Model No. GL6UR31T and Model No. GL6UR3T, which are red LEDs. Light emitting colors provided by such solid state sources include orange, yellow, amber, red, and reddish orange, preferably without the need for additional spectral filters. The preferred solid state light emitting diodes operate at 25 ° C or around this range at a forward voltage of from about 2 volts to about 5 volts; have a light intensity (measured at the top of the spatial radiation pattern that need not be aligned with the mechanical axis of the source pack) of a minimum, at a current of 20 mA, from about 500 to about 5000 mcd (typically about 700 to about 7000 mcd) ; operate at a forward current of about 20 mA to about 50 mA; emit at a dominant wavelength (CIE chromaticity diagram) from about 530 nm to about 680 nm; and have an observation angle 2Θ½ (where Θ½ is the off-axis angle where the light intensity is one half of the peak intensity) from about 5 ° to about 25 °.

Eine Linsenbaugruppe 154, die aus einem Polycarbonat- oder Acrylmaterial bestehen kann, wird über der Signallichtbaugruppe 138 positioniert. Die Linsenbaugruppe 154 kann eine durchsichtige oder sinusförmige optische Oberfläche 156 und eine Mehrzahl von Leuchten-Rastern 158 einschließen. Die Leuchten-Raster 158 und lichtemittierenden Dioden 152 sind von dem Insassenabteil des Fahrzeugs weg abgeschrägt. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform sind die lichtemittierenden Dioden und Leuchten-Raster in einem Winkel von mindestens ungefähr 15°, stärker bevorzugt ungefähr 20°, und am stärksten bevorzugt ungefähr 25° bis 30° von der Längsmittellinie des Fahrzeugs abgeschrägt, vorzugsweise jedoch nicht mehr als etwa 45°. Der Zweck der Abschrägung besteht darin, Sichtbarkeit des durch die Signallichtbaugruppe ausgestrahlten Lichts für Fahrer in Fahrzeugen an der Seite des Fahrzeugs 40 zu ermöglichen, dieses jedoch von dem Fahrer des Fahrzeugs 40 abgeschirmt wird. Dieses Merkmal verhindert Ablenkung des Fahrers des mit dem Sicherheitsbeleuchtungssystem ausgestatteten Fahrzeugs. Ein Abdeckelement 160 umschließt die Signallichtbaugruppe 138 und die sinusförmige optische Oberfläche 156 durch feuchtigkeitsdichten Eingriff mit einem Flansch 146 der Einfassung 116. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform sind die lichtemittierenden Dioden 152 einzeln in einem Winkel auf der Leiterplatte 150 angebracht. In einer alternativen Ausführungsform könnten die lichtemitierenden Dioden 152 aufrecht, senkrecht zur der Leiterplatte 150 angebracht werden, wobei die gesamte Signallichtbaugruppe in einem Winkel in Bezug zum Fahrzeuginsassenabteil angebracht wird, um richtigen Versatz weg von dem Fahrer des mit dem Spiegelbaugruppen-Sicherheitssystem ausgerüsteten Fahrzeugs bereitzustellen. Ferner kann bei Bedarf ein strombegrenzender Widerstand auf der Leiterplatte 150 in Reihe mit den lichtemittierenden Dioden 152 angebracht werden, um Strom durch dieselben zu begrenzen und Anpassung an das 12 Volt-Zündungs-/Batteriepotential zu gewährleisten, das die Außenspiegelbaugruppe betreibt.A lens assembly 154 , which may be made of a polycarbonate or acrylic material, will overlay the signal light assembly 138 positioned. The lens assembly 154 can be a transparent or sinusoidal optical surface 156 and a plurality of luminaire grids 158 lock in. The lights grid 158 and light emitting diodes 152 are bevelled away from the passenger compartment of the vehicle away. In the illustrated embodiment, the light emitting diodes and light grids are chamfered at an angle of at least about 15 °, more preferably about 20 °, and most preferably about 25 ° to 30 ° from the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle, but preferably not more than about 45 °. The purpose of the chamfering is to provide visibility of the light emitted by the signal light assembly to drivers in vehicles on the side of the vehicle 40 to allow this, however, by the driver of the vehicle 40 is shielded. This feature prevents distraction of the driver of the vehicle equipped with the safety lighting system. A cover element 160 encloses the signal light assembly 138 and the sinusoidal optical surface 156 by moisture-proof engagement with a flange 146 of the mount 116 , In the illustrated embodiment, the light emitting diodes 152 individually at an angle on the circuit board 150 appropriate. In an alternative embodiment, the light emitting diodes 152 upright, perpendicular to the circuit board 150 with the entire signal light assembly mounted at an angle relative to the vehicle occupant compartment to provide proper offset away from the driver of the vehicle equipped with the mirror assembly safety system. Further, if necessary, a current-limiting resistor on the circuit board 150 in series with the light-emitting diodes 152 to limit current through them and to accommodate the 12 volt ignition / battery potential that the exterior mirror assembly operates.

Die Einfassung 116 besteht aus einem wärmeresistenten Material und ist im wesentlichen feuchtigkeitsundurchlässig. Vorzugsweise wird ein Polymermaterial verwendet, das eine Formbeständigkeitstemperatur (wie gemessen durch ASTM D 648 für ein Muster von 12,7 × 12,7 × 6,4 mm und bei 1820 kPa) von mindestens ungefähr 80°C, stärker bevorzugt mindestens ungefähr 100°C, und am stärksten bevorzug von mindestens ungefähr 120°C aufweist. Ein mineralgefülltes oder glasgefülltes Nylon oder Polyester oder Acrylnitril-Butadien-Styrol- (ABS) Polymer kann für die Einfassung 116 verwendet werden. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform besteht die Einfassung 116 aus Polycarbonat, wobei die Abdeckelemente 130 und 160 aus einem Polycarbonat oder Acryl bestehen. Die Komponenten der Einfassung 116 können durch konventionelles Schallschweißen, Schwingungsschweißen oder durch Verwendung geeigneter Klebstoffe zusammengebaut werden. Die Einfassung 116 ist undurchsichtig, unter Ausnahme der Abdeckelemente 130 und 160, um Licht abzuschatten. Das Lichtmodul passt in den innerhalb des Gehäuses 34' begrenzten Hohlraum durch Öffnungen 108 und 110 in einer Weise, die der Auslegung und den aerodynamischen Linien des Gehäuses entspricht.The mount 116 is made of a heat-resistant material and is substantially impermeable to moisture. Preferably, a polymeric material is used having a heat distortion temperature (as measured by ASTM D 648 for a pattern of 12.7 x 12.7 x 6.4 mm and at 1820 kPa) of at least about 80 ° C, more preferably at least about 100 ° C, and most preferably at least about 120 ° C. A mineral-filled or glass-filled nylon or polyester or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer may be used for the facing 116 be used. In the illustrated embodiment, the enclosure consists 116 made of polycarbonate, with the cover elements 130 and 160 made of a polycarbonate or acrylic. The components of the enclosure 116 can be assembled by conventional sonic welding, vibration welding or by using suitable adhesives. The mount 116 is opaque, with the exception of the cover elements 130 and 160 to shade light. The light module fits into the inside of the housing 34 ' limited cavity through openings 108 and 110 in a manner consistent with the design and aerodynamic lines of the housing.

Lichtmodule gemäß Ausführungsformen dieser Erfindung, die eine Bodenbeleuchtungslampe und ein Signallicht eingebaut in einer Außenspiegelbaugruppe einschließen, wurden montiert und an Fahrzeugen über eine Vielzahl von Fahrbedingungen und über unterschiedliche Umweltaussetzungen gefahren, und es wurde festgestellt, dass sie die Leistung und den Umweltwiderstand haben, die durch Autohersteller benötigt werden, um so für kommerzielle Verwendung an Fahrzeugen geeignet zu sein.light modules according to embodiments of this invention, which includes a floor lighting lamp and a signal light installed in a wing mirror assembly lock in, were mounted and attached to vehicles over a variety of driving conditions and over different Environmental exposures, and it was found that they have the performance and environmental resistance, that by car manufacturers needed be so for commercial use on vehicles.

Obwohl hier als entlang dem Bodenrand des äußeren Verkleidungsgehäuses angeordnet gezeigt, sind andere Positionen für das Signallicht möglich, einschließlich dem oberen und äußeren Rahm des äußeren Randgehäuses, und sogar an anderer Stelle am äußeren Fahrzeugkörper, wie geeignet.Although shown here as being disposed along the bottom edge of the outer fairing housing, other positions are possible for the signal light, including the upper and outer frames of the outer peripheral casing, and even elsewhere on the outer vehicle body, as appropriate.

Sollte erwünscht sein, die Stärke der Signallichter zu variieren, so dass sie während hoher Umgebungslichtbedingungen am hellsten sind, wie zum Beispiel an einem sonnigen Tag, dass sie jedoch schwächer sind, wenn Umgebungsbedingungen niedriger sind, wie zum Beispiel in der Nacht, kann die Stärke des Signallichts unter Verwendung eines Photosensors wie zum Beispiel eines Photowiderstands, einer Photodiode, eines Phototransistors oder dergleichen moduliert werden. Ein Photosensor, der die Stärke des Signallichts so steuert, dass er seine Stärke während niedriger Umgebungslicht-Fahrbedingungen senkt, wie zum Beispiel durch Pulsbreitenmodulation auf der die LEDs im Signallicht speisenden elektrischen Leitung, kann integriert mit dem Lampenmodul selbst angebracht werden, oder er kann Teil der Fahrzeugelektronik selbst sein, wie zum Beispiel ein Photosensor, der als ein Teil einer automatischen elektrochromen Spiegelschaltung, als Teil einer automatischen Fahrzeugscheinwerfer-Aktivierungsschaltung, als Teil einer Steuerschaltung für bei Tageslicht laufendes Scheinwerferlicht, oder dergleichen angebracht ist.Should he wishes its the strength to vary the signal lights, allowing them during high ambient light conditions are the brightest, such as on a sunny day, that they are but weaker are when ambient conditions are lower, such as At night, strength can be of the signal light using a photosensor such as a photoresistor, a photodiode, a phototransistor or the like can be modulated. A photosensor, the strength of the Controlling signal light so that it lowers its intensity during low ambient light driving conditions, such as by pulse width modulation on the LEDs in the Signal light-feeding electric wire, can be integrated with be attached to the lamp module itself, or he may be part of Vehicle electronics itself, such as a photosensor, as part of an automatic electrochromic mirror circuit, as part of an automatic vehicle headlight activation circuit, as part of a control circuit for Daylight running headlight, or the like attached is.

Die Erfindung ist ferner auf eine Vielzahl von Fahrzeugaußenspiegelbaugruppen-Konstruktionen anwendbar, einschließlich einteiliger Designs, Einkörperkonstruktionen, und dergleichen, wie im technischen Gebiet von Außenspiegelbaugruppen bekannt ist. Die Erfindung ist auf eine Vielzahl von Baugruppen einschließlich Baugruppen anwendbar, die einen Träger als eine getrennte innere Struktur verwenden, und Baugruppen, die keinen Träger verwenden, sondern stattdessen trägerlose Baugruppe sind, wo das Gehäuse selbst als ein Strukturelement mit Mitteln wie zum Beispiel an den Wänden des Gehäuses zum Befestigen eines Betätigungselements und zum Aufnehmen eines Lampenmoduls dient.The The invention is further applicable to a variety of vehicle exterior mirror assembly designs. including one-piece designs, one-body designs, and the like, as in the field of exterior mirror assemblies is known. The invention is directed to a variety of assemblies including Applicable assemblies that use a carrier as a separate inner Use structure, and assemblies that do not use a carrier but instead strapless Assembly are where the housing itself as a structural element with means such as the walls of the housing for securing an actuating element and for receiving a lamp module.

Claims (11)

Signallichtmodul (104), das ausgelegt ist, um entfernbar in einer Öffnung (108, 110) in einer Fahrzeugaußenspiegelbaugruppe (25') positioniert zu werden, umfassend: eine Einfassung (116), eine Lichtquelle (152) und eine lichtübertragende Öffnung (136) in der Einfassung, wobei die Öffnung mit einer Linse (154) bedeckt ist, wobei die Lichtquelle Licht allgemein entlang einer Lichtstrahlungsachse ausstrahlt, die sich nach hinten von dem Insassenabteil eines Fahrzeugs erstreckt, um den Fahrer gegen Licht abzuschirmen, das durch die Lichtquelle ausgestrahlt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lichtquelle eine Mehrzahl lichtemittierender Dioden (152) mit Leuchten-Rastern (158) zwischen diesen in der Einfassung aufweist.Signal light module ( 104 ) designed to be removable in an opening ( 108 . 110 ) in a vehicle exterior mirror assembly ( 25 ' ), comprising: an enclosure ( 116 ), a light source ( 152 ) and a light-transmitting opening ( 136 ) in the enclosure, wherein the opening with a lens ( 154 ), the light source radiating light generally along a light beam axis extending rearward from the occupant compartment of a vehicle to shield the driver from light emitted by the light source, characterized in that the light source comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes (10). 152 ) with luminaire grids ( 158 ) between them in the enclosure. Außenspiegelbaugruppe (25'), die das Signallichtmodul (104) wie in Anspruch 1 beansprucht aufweist, wobei die genannte Spiegelbaugruppe ferner ein reflektierendes Element (28) enthalten in einem ersten Gehäuse einschließt und das Lichtmodul (104) entfernbar in dem ersten Gehäuse positioniert ist, und das Lichtmodul eine zweite Einfassung (133), eine lichtübertragende Öffnung (122) in der zweiten Einfassung, die allgemein nach unten und/oder nach hinten von dem Fahrzeug gerichtet ist, eine Abdeckung (130) für die lichtübertragende Öffnung, und eine zweite Lichtquelle (126) in der zweiten Einfassung einschließt, die Licht durch die lichtübertragende Öffnung ausstrahlt.Exterior mirror assembly ( 25 ' ), which the signal light module ( 104 ) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mirror assembly further comprises a reflective element ( 28 included in a first housing and the light module ( 104 ) is removably positioned in the first housing, and the light module is a second enclosure ( 133 ), a light transmitting aperture ( 122 ) in the second enclosure, which is directed generally downward and / or to the rear of the vehicle, a cover ( 130 ) for the light-transmitting opening, and a second light source ( 126 ) in the second enclosure, which emits light through the light-transmitting aperture. Spiegelbaugruppe nach Anspruch 2, die eine Fassung (124) einschließt, welche in einer weiteren Öffnung (121) in der zweiten Einfassung positioniert ist und ein Mittel zum Abdichten der Fassung in der weiteren Öffnung einschließt, wodurch die Lichtquelle durch Entfernen des Lichtmoduls aus dem Gehäuse und Entfernen der Fassung aus dem Lichtmodul ausgewechselt werden kann.Mirror assembly according to claim 2, which has a socket ( 124 ), which in another opening ( 121 ) is positioned in the second enclosure and includes means for sealing the socket in the further opening, whereby the light source can be replaced by removing the light module from the housing and removing the socket from the light module. Spiegelbaugruppe nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, die ferner eine lichtrichtende Oberfläche (132) einschließt, die zumindest teilweise die Lichtquelle in der zweiten Einfassung umschließt.A mirror assembly according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a light directing surface ( 132 ) enclosing at least partially the light source in the second enclosure. Spiegelbaugruppe nach Anspruch 2 bis 4, bei der die zweite Einfassung von der Abdeckung (130) nach hinten und oben zu einer Stelle hinter dem reflektierenden Element (28) abgeschrägt ist.A mirror assembly as claimed in any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the second enclosure is separate from the cover (10). 130 ) to the rear and top to a point behind the reflective element ( 28 ) is bevelled. Spiegelbaugruppe nach Anspruch 2 bis 5, bei der das Lichtmodul im wesentlichen feuchtigkeitsdicht ist.Mirror assembly according to claim 2 to 5, wherein the Light module is substantially moisture-tight. Spiegelbaugruppe nach Anspruch 2 bis 6, die Mittel einschließt, welche einen Luftströmungsweg durch die zweite Einfassung begrenzen, um Wärme aus der Lichtquelle zu zerstreuen.Mirror assembly according to claim 2 to 6, the means includes, which an air flow path through limit the second enclosure to heat from the light source dispel. Spiegelbaugruppe nach Anspruch 2 bis 7, bei der das Lichtmodul in dem Gehäuse in einer Weise angebracht ist, die einen Abfluss von dem Gehäuse für Wasser im Gehäuse definiert.Mirror assembly according to claim 2 to 7, wherein the Light module in the housing Attached in a way that provides a drain from the housing for water in the case Are defined. Spiegelbaugruppe nach Anspruch 2 bis 8, bei der die zweite Lichtquelle eine Glühlampe ist.Mirror assembly according to claim 2 to 8, wherein the second light source an incandescent lamp is. Spiegelbaugruppe nach Anspruch 2 bis 9, die zueinander passende Oberflächenkonfigurationen (112, 114) an dem Gehäuse und der zweiten Einfassung einschließt, welche zumindest teilweise die Einfassung in dem Gehäuse festhalten.Mirror assembly according to claim 2 to 9, the matching surface configurations ( 112 . 114 ) on the housing and the second enclosure which at least partially retain the enclosure in the housing. Spiegelbaugruppe nach Anspruch 2, bei der die genannten Leuchten-Raster in einem Winkel von mindestens ungefähr 15° von der Längsmittellinie des Fahrzeugs abgeschrägt sind.A mirror assembly according to claim 2, wherein said luminaire grids are at an angle of at least about 15 ° from the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle are bevelled.
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EP0738627A2 (en) 1996-10-23
US7325953B2 (en) 2008-02-05
US5669704A (en) 1997-09-23
US6086229A (en) 2000-07-11
US5497306A (en) 1996-03-05
DE69633803D1 (en) 2004-12-09
US8021030B2 (en) 2011-09-20
US20110013410A1 (en) 2011-01-20
US8393766B2 (en) 2013-03-12
EP1172257B1 (en) 2004-11-03
US20120008332A1 (en) 2012-01-12
EP0738627A3 (en) 1997-08-13
US6296379B1 (en) 2001-10-02
US8251555B2 (en) 2012-08-28
US20050110630A1 (en) 2005-05-26
EP1172257A3 (en) 2002-04-03
US7815348B2 (en) 2010-10-19
US20090251914A1 (en) 2009-10-08
US6832848B2 (en) 2004-12-21
EP1172257A2 (en) 2002-01-16
US7547127B2 (en) 2009-06-16
DE69621880D1 (en) 2002-07-25
US5879074A (en) 1999-03-09
EP0738627B1 (en) 2002-06-19
US8696179B2 (en) 2014-04-15
US20080123358A1 (en) 2008-05-29
US20130207799A1 (en) 2013-08-15
US20120320618A1 (en) 2012-12-20
US20020126497A1 (en) 2002-09-12
JPH0948284A (en) 1997-02-18
DE69621880T2 (en) 2003-02-20

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