DE4335290A1 - Method of sealing soil bodies and arrangement for carrying out this method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of sealing soil bodies (1), in particular landfill sites, old deposits, pipelines or the like, or even foundation pits to be constructed, with the use of sealing substances. In this method, at least one borehole (2) is driven under the soil body (1) from the surface outside the soil body (1) by means of a fully path-controlled drilling method and in the process the sealing substance is injected into the surrounding soil area of the borehole (2). To carry out the method, nozzles for injecting the sealing substance into the ground are arranged on the controllable, remotely guided drilling head. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method for sealing against natural or artificially poured soil bodies an existing or potential gaseous, liquid, radiant and / or solid source of contamination, for example in the case of contaminated sites (old deposits, Old locations and a.), landfills, pipelines or the like, but also construction pits, using liquid, viscous and fine-particle solid Sealants or eluates and a device for Execution of the procedure.

A wide variety of processes are known today, Contamination sources, especially disordered landfills, subsequently encapsulate that stored pollutants cannot be released into the environment.  

DE-A 34 07 382 describes a subsequent method underground sealing, preferably from landfills, known, with the work pipes from an area outside of a landfill body introduced under the landfill body without the landfill body being pierced got to. These work tubes are made from a previously created one vertical shaft in a mining process created below the landfill. From these working pipes with a special device Sealant injected into the floor area. With this Technically, a very high outlay is required and the mining operation for installing the work pipes justifiable for special cases.

DE-A 34 39 858 discloses that of two vertical, outside the ground mass to be enclosed lying protected diaphragm walls a continuous Sealing sole by passing under the to be enclosed Soil mass with the help of a cutting and Injection device manufactured and with the vertical Diaphragm walls is tightly connected trough-like. The at this method requires vertical, supported Diaphragm walls in turn require a high level of technology Effort and are very expensive.

Another procedure for the subsequent treatment of Landfills to protect the environment are in DE-A 33 30 897 described. With this method, the base of the Landfill in immediately adjacent Area sections divided. At their interfaces Pilot drilling as controlled target drilling from Starting shafts to opposite drawing shafts executed. Then in these pilot holes Guiding elements introduced, the beginning and end of which are in the opposite start or target shafts. in the Annulus between the guide elements is a clearing and Injection device introduced with a  Clearing element loosens the floor of the surface sections and prepared for treatment with a sealant. With this method, too, there are complex start-up and Target shafts necessary to clear the Introduce injection device. Furthermore, it is not possible, a contour-adapted sealing of the Make landfill body because a straight course of Pilot bores to operate the clearing and Injection device is necessary.

The technical problem underlying the invention is a simple process to complete Sealing soil bodies, in particular Contamination centers, such as landfills, pipelines or construction pits to be created, in which none mined tunnels, flat quarries or Manholes are necessary.

This technical problem is solved in that a full course-controlled drilling process to create at least a hole from the surface outside the soil is driven out from under the soil body, and a gaseous, liquid and / or finely solid Sealant in the surrounding bottom area of the hole is injected. All forms of sealant application are referred to below as injecting.

Because of the course-controlled drilling process, everyone is Activities can be carried out from the surface, so that a elaborate mining creation of start and Target shafts or the like is no longer necessary.

It is particularly advantageous that the bores according to needs, including the contour of the contaminated area can be adjusted, whereby only a minimum amount of sealant for injection into the Floor areas becomes necessary. The number and length of the  required holes to completely enclose the Source of contamination or the construction pit to be created minimized by this.

Depending on the soil conditions and the existing or still required preliminary investigation of the lower contour of the Contamination focus is a safety distance from the drilled holes to the contamination source and / or below the lows of exploration wells from at least a few decimeters advantageous to an absolute to achieve a safe seal of the contamination source.

A is advantageously used to advance the bores known, but modified, fully controllable remote-controlled drill head used, which makes it possible to Drilling in any direction and depth to advance.

The method according to the invention is particularly simple and efficient if the sealant during a longitudinal movement of the drill head in the bore continuously in the injected surrounding bottom area of the bore. It can be one already happened while driving the hole and / or also when withdrawing the drill head or one special clearing device towards the entrance opening. Doing so the sealant through nozzles arranged on the drill head or Inlet openings are injected into the floor area.

In order to create a surface-like barrier layer by means of gradient-controlled To make holes, it is advantageous to use the sealant either in at least one side stream (additional Front jets are possible) from the rotating drill string to create adjacent to overlapped to apply or through cylindrical injection body at least two side and / or front beams if not rotating drill string for the production of wing-like touching to overcut injection body  to apply or in a different geometric nozzle arrangement for resulting injection body arrangements to let out. The goal is the overall creation for example tub-like to basin-shaped, predominantly horizontal acting barrier layers.

The arrangement of the possible by the above described Injection variants are diverse in their possibilities. Advantageously, the close when not rotating Drill pipe through at least two injection outlets generated, side by side or one above the other Injection paths at an angle of one hole each about 90 ° to 180 °. This can, for example Leachate into the channels formed by this Lows run through and inside, in the same Drilling technology created micro tunnels with filter tube installation be caught and lifted.

So that the contamination source completely from one Barrier layer is included, it is advantageous to use a Number of holes spaced parallel to each other in the To drive the ground, whereby the neighboring, Areas of a bore injected by sealant touch or into a previously created slat, d. H. one cut into the floor area injected with sealant should, so that no more seepage water through this Barrier layers and their overlapping areas in deeper lying layers of soil can pass through.

It is also possible to have several such barrier layers to the side and below the source of contamination create an absolutely secure seal of the To reach the source of contamination. To do this advantageously a further number of holes in defined distances to each other in one example vertical angle to the first number of holes that the Drive under the source of contamination, drive it forward and in turn  from these holes from the sealant to the neighboring Floor areas injected. This will make two or more completely closed, covering the focus of contamination Barrier layers formed that are absolutely safe Ensure closure.

To ensure a safe seal of the contamination source reach, it is also possible, for example, a network of Contoured holes below the To advance the focus of contamination, thereby reducing the adjacent floor areas of a hole several times can be injected with sealant and thereby it is ensured that no leaks in the formed Barrier layer arise.

With multiple barrier layers, the holes overlapping soles parallel at intervals to each other by 20 ° -160 ° to a first number of holes the neighboring plane at intervals parallel to each other under the Spot of contamination advanced.

It has been found that, among other things, use a montan wax emulsion as a liquid sealant has excellent properties. Also very much polymer silicates, resins, other waxes or other chemically resistant and injection media that remain flexible.

One by injecting for example Montan wax emulsion formed barrier layer is very flexible in relation to subsequent settlement of the Landfill body and enables flexible deformability the blocked position (s).

In addition, the one formed by the montan wax emulsion Barrier resistant to liquid and gaseous ones  Barrier attacking substances in the seepage, capillary and Groundwater.

It has been found that a barrier layer with a Thickness of 30 to 60 cm is sufficient to ensure a safe To achieve sealing.

In addition, in the method according to the invention it is possible to add other substances, or in the case of a multilayer Build up layers with other injective, absorptive and / or to introduce sealing substances, depending on Excellent sealing of the floor to reach.

The high lubricity of the montan wax emulsion comes along the method according to the invention particularly useful because the high gliding ability also the good transportation of others Allows substances and z. B. a very small one Wear of the nozzles causes and therefore a long Service life of the drill head enables.

The sealants are injected with the The inventive method also below the Frac pressure depending on the permeability structure of the surrounding hole Area possible. Through the low pressure injections an optimal adaptation of the barrier layers to be created to the soil conditions possible.

Depending on the nature of the floor or the expected Seepage is advantageous for several arranged one behind the other or one above the other, according to barrier layers each formed according to the invention Barrier layer made of different sealing or Build up injectables.

The device for performing the method has advantageously nozzles on the fully steerable, remotely steerable  Drill head, which introduces the liquid sealant into the floor area with sensitive or high pressure up to a distance of 2 to 3 m from the drilling wall enable.

For example, it is particularly advantageous to have a first one Pair of nozzles compared to a second pair of nozzles by 50 to 180 ° offset with respect to the longitudinal axis of the drill head to arrange. Each of the pairs of nozzles comprises two opposing nozzles, each directed so that in each case with the longitudinal axis of the drill head an angle of 30 ° to 90 ° is included. This allows different geometries with injectables Create enriched floor areas.

Advantageously, these nozzles from Compressed air outlets that surround a strong air supply or parallel cut, which allows one to shape any shaped jet of seal, being a Area-like introduction of the sealant into the floor is preferred. Generally injections with the (Mono) to multiphase processes possible. Through the Arrangement of z. B. sheet-like channels It is barrier layers below the source of contamination possible to drain the leachate in certain directions to steer. Of course, they are also cylindrical interlocking blocking bodies feasible.

The following are for further explanation and for better Understanding the invention several embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings described and explained. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a contour adapted to seal a landfill with the inventive method,

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the drilling head in driving a bore under a contaminated site,

FIG. 2a is a schematic representation of the formation of a barrier layer by injecting a sealing agent during retraction of the drill head,

Fig. 3 is a cross section transverse to a plurality of holes below the landfill

FIGS. 4 to 10 are each a schematic representation of a cross section transverse to a number of bores, in which the arrangement of the holes to each other and the associated injection regions are made different,

Fig. 11 is a schematic representation of a front view of a drill head with differently directed nozzles,

Fig. 12 is a schematic representation of a side view of the drill head shown in Fig. 12,

Fig. 13 is a schematic representation of the bore profiles and injection regions for sealing a building pit,

Fig. 14 is a schematic representation of a cross section transverse to a pipe with parallel introduced to drilling and injection areas

Fig. 15 is a schematic representation of a cross section transverse to a pipe with a leak which is sealed through a bore,

Fig. 16 is a further diagrammatic view of the complete seal of a pipe,

Fig. 17 is a schematic representation of a cross section transverse to a surrounding contaminated with fragments of a damaged pipe conduit which is secured by a pre including exaggerated bore and injections,

FIG. 18 shows a further schematic illustration of a cross section according to FIG. 17, which is completely encased by bores and injections according to the method according to the invention.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a landfill body 1 is irregularly shaped in the underground part. A number of boreholes 2 are driven outside the landfill body from the surface with the known course-controlled drilling method, contour-adjusted under the contaminant body, to the opposite side of the landfill body 1 .

From each hole 2, the sealant is injected into the surrounding soil regions in each case a bore 2, in which touch the adjacent regions each having a bore 2 and overlap and thus a closed barrier layer 3, the contours adapted proceeds to the dump body 1 form.

It can be seen from FIG. 2a that a second barrier layer 4 is formed under the first barrier layer 3 by a network of bores 5 , which are rotated by 90 ° here and spaced from each other, and bottom regions 4 injected therefrom.

In Fig. 2 the fully controllable, remotely steerable drill head 6 is shown as it passes under the landfill body 1 .

Various borehole arrangements are possible to form a contour-matched barrier layer. An example is shown in FIG. 3. There, bores 2 are slightly vertically offset from one another at intervals parallel to one another, and the barrier layers 4, each of which emanates from a bore 2 in a flat manner, overlap and form an angle of approximately 120 ° to one another.

After the contour of the landfill body 1 has been precisely explored on the basis of map material, previously recorded images, geophysical recordings, pre-drilling, etc., a network of holes 2 that pass underneath the landfill body 1 according to the contours is driven forward with the fully flow-controlled drilling method and during or during retraction the liquid sealant, preferably montan wax, is injected into the surrounding bottom areas of a hole. These bottom areas 4 mixed with liquid sealant each overlap and thus form a closed barrier layer 3 which completely encloses the landfill body 1 .

In the method according to the invention, it is not absolutely necessary to lead the bores 2 to a further opening opposite the inlet opening. Only barrier layers 3 can also be introduced into partial areas of the bottom layer.

In Figs. 4 to 10 show further exemplary embodiments for the arrangement of pre-driven with the inventive method holes are shown schematically. In the exemplary embodiments shown, the bores each run horizontally or vertically. They can be inserted from the surface to any desired location to seal the floor.

As shown in Fig. 4, a first row of bores 2 a are made one above the other at equal distances from each other in the ground. For this purpose, a second row of bores 2 b, which also lie one above the other and run at equal distances from one another, are arranged offset from the first row of bores 2 a. Two slightly widened injection areas extend from each bore 2 a, 2 b, the injection areas starting from a bore enclosing an angle of approximately 130 °. The neighboring injection areas overlap. The injection areas starting from the first row of bores 2 a and from the second row of bores 2 b each intersect so that completely enclosed areas are formed in which, for. B. further fully flow-controlled holes 10 are introduced, which serve as monitoring holes. This arrangement of the bores 2 a, 2 b causes a kind of double wall seal.

When in Fig. Arrangement shown 5 of the bores 2 a, 2 b, c 2 between the first row of holes 2 a and the second row of holes 2 b a further number of bores 2 c between these holes 2 a, 2 b introduced, with four individual injection areas extending from the bores 2 c each extending slightly in cross section. These in turn intersect the two injection areas starting from the first row of bores 2 a and the second row of bores 2 b. This ensures very good networking of the individual injection areas and thus a very effective sealing of the floor body.

A further exemplary schematic illustration of the arrangement of bores similar to the arrangement of bores according to FIG. 4 is shown in FIG. 6. Compared to the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 4, the individual injection areas extend even further into the soil and form overlapping injection areas or injection planes extending along the individual bores 2 a, 2 b.

In the embodiment of the arrangement of the bores 2 a, 2 b, 2 c shown in FIG. 7, a type of triple wall is formed. For this purpose, a first row of bores 2 a running parallel to one another is made in the ground. Two injection areas, each enclosing an angle of approximately 130 °, extend from a bore. Two injection regions of two adjacent bores 2 a converging towards one another intersect, thereby forming a first sealing wall. A row of holes 2 c of the same structure is offset parallel to the first row of holes 2 a. A third row of bores 2 b with associated injection areas is arranged mirror-inverted to the second row parallel to it, whereby the injection areas extending from the individual bores 2 b, 2 c cross each other and form a diamond-shaped arrangement of the injection planes in cross section. Again, a reliable seal of the floor is guaranteed.

The slightly fanning out design of the injection areas shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 result from the fact that when the drill head is withdrawn, no rotation is carried out and injection means are injected uniformly into the surrounding floor area through various nozzle arrangements. The injection areas shown schematically are in reality injection-enriched barrier layers or planes extending from the bores. It goes without saying that the bores can run horizontally as well as vertically or at any inclination, since these are introduced from the surface and are driven in a progressively controlled manner under the floor body to be sealed.

In the further embodiments 8 to 10 are further exemplary, schematically illustrated arrangements of holes shown, but in which the drill head in one predetermined angular range back and forth or swing constantly rotates about its longitudinal axis.

From Fig. 8 is a cross section transverse to a number of bores 2 a, 2 shown b is injected in the pulling back the drilling head, or even in driving the individual bores 2 a continuously with rotation of the drill head injection means in the surrounding ground area. As a result, columnar injection areas are formed around a bore 2 a. The bores 2 a are spaced apart from one another in such a way that the injection areas of an adjacent bore each overlap. Parallel to this are further bores 2 b, from which individual soil layers enriched with injection agent extend, which in turn intersect the columnar injection areas around the bore 2 a.

In the cross-sections shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 9 and 10 transversely to the bores, the drill head 6 is pivoted back and forth when it is pulled back by a predetermined angle. Opposite nozzles are attached to the drill head, which cause different penetration depths of the injection agent in the surrounding bore area. This creates two pairs of injection areas in the area of a bore 2 , one pair having a larger radius and the pair perpendicular to it having a smaller radius. The bores 2 again run parallel to one another and are spaced apart in such a way that the injection areas with a larger radius overlap. This in turn achieves an effective seal in which the floor area closest to the bore is injected absolutely tightly with injection agent. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the pivoting angle is approximately 45 °, and in the example shown in FIG. 10, the drill head is pivoted back and forth by approximately 90 to 100 °.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show a schematic representation of the arrangement of the nozzle on the drill head 6 which is used for the examples mentioned advantageously. Fig. 11 is a front view showing the pairwise opposing nozzles with the Injektionssprühwinkeln 15 and 16. FIG. 12 shows a side view of the drilling head 6 according to FIG. 11, in which the front pair of nozzles is directed slightly forwards and the rear pair of nozzles rotated by 90 ° for this purpose is directed slightly backwards.

Fig. 13 shows another application of the method according to the invention, is sealed in which a trench to protect against water ingress or Schadstoffeinsickerung. The bores 2 are hereby made from a location outside of the provided construction pit 25 to the desired depth. Depending on the circumstances, a sealing trough is created by one of the previously described arrangement of bores and by injecting the injection means. Since different bores 2 can be advanced from one location with the drilling method according to the invention, only a change of location of the drilling device is necessary to seal a construction pit 25 shown schematically. From a first location, bores 2 are driven under the provided construction pit 25 and injecting agents are injected, so that a sealing trough results. From a further location, horizontally extending bores 2 with overlapping injection areas are advanced to the bores already created in such a way that the floor pan created first is cut and the floor body or the intended construction pit 25 is tightly enveloped. Now the construction pit 25 can be excavated without ground water or polluted leachate penetrating.

Figs. 14 to 18 show a further field of use of the drill method according to the invention.

Fig. 14 shows a cross section through a pipe 20 lying in the ground, the z. B. is used to discharge polluted leachate. Since in many cases these pipelines 20 are porous and outdated, it is often necessary to subsequently seal the underlying floor layers. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 14, a number of bores 2 running parallel to the pipeline 20 are driven from the surface. When the drill head is pulled back, grout is injected evenly into the surrounding floor areas. The individual bores 2 run parallel to one another on a lateral surface lying around the center of the pipeline 20 . The injection areas of the adjacent bores 2 overlap again. A collecting channel is thus formed below the pipeline 20, which, in the event of a leak, catches and drains off the pollutants.

In Fig. 15 is a damaged area 20 a is shown in a conduit 20, to seep through the pollutants in underlying soil layers. To repair this damage site, it is possible with the inventive method to perform a hole 2 from the surface to the localized damage site 20 a and inject from the bore 2 of the injection means into the bottom portion such that they extend to the pipe 20 and the Enclose damaged area 20 a to seal it.

FIG. 16 shows a cross section of a pipeline 20 which is encompassed in a lower partial area by two bores 2 lying parallel to one another with injection areas extending perpendicularly from each bore 2 .

FIGS. 17 and 18 show yet another application of the inventive method. In many cases, the pipeline 20 used for the discharge of leachate has been dimensioned too small below landfill sites, and therefore there is a need for larger line cross sections. As is known, the older pipelines are destroyed in a "bursting process" or "pipe-eating process" and new, larger pipes are added. With these known methods, however, there is still the problem that the fragments 21 of the older pipelines continue to contain pollutants which can get into the underlying layers of soil. In order to secure these underlying layers, a bore 2 is driven from the surface and injection means are injected into the surrounding soil areas, so that either a half-shell is formed, as shown in FIG. 17, which forms a channel for the discharge of these leachate or, as in FIG Figure shown. 8, are driven a plurality of bores 2, which injection regions 21 of the earlier pipeline envelop the new pipe 20 and the fragments completely encapsulate and seal.

Claims (28)

1. Method for sealing soil bodies, in particular a landfill, old waste or the like,

• - using sealants,

characterized in that

• - by means of a fully flow-controlled drilling process,
• - At least one hole is driven under the soil body from the surface outside the soil body, and
• - The sealant is injected into the surrounding bottom area of the hole.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that adapted the bore to the contour of the floor runs. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the hole with a safety distance to the contour of the ground body to be driven under. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the safety distance at least a few decimeters is.   5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized that a fully controllable, remote-controlled Drill head is used. 6. The method according to claim 1 and 5, characterized characterized in that the sealant during a Longitudinal movement of the drill head in the bore continuously into the bottom area of the hole is injected. 7. The method according to claim 1 and 5, characterized characterized in that the sealant when driving and / or withdrawing the drill head into the adjacent bottom areas of the hole is injected. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealant by am Drill head nozzles injected into the ground becomes. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealant in at least one sheet-like jet in the ground is injected. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealant in two or more sheet-like rays injected into the ground becomes. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the two through the plane-like rays levels formed an angle of 90 ° to 180 ° lock in.   12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealant also in Longitudinal direction of the hole is injected into the ground. 13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a number of holes spaced parallel to each other drive under the floor, taking parallelism also from a fan-operated location can be reached. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the neighboring ones injected themselves with sealant Touch the bottom areas of a hole or overlap. 15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the neighboring ones injected themselves with sealant Overlap areas of each hole. 16. The method according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the adjacent floor areas injected with sealant lie so that they are closed Form barrier layer that are spaced apart form lying channels. 17. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that another number of holes at intervals parallel to each other and at a vertical distance from the first number of holes the soil body drive under. 18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealant only in a portion along a hole continuously is injected into the floor area.   19. The method according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that at least one Drilling from the surface outside of the soil from under the floor body and on another Place outside the source of contamination at the Surface emerges. 20. The method according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that a further Number of holes spaced parallel to each other 20-160 °, ideally rotated by 90 ° to a first one Number of holes spaced parallel to each other Drive under the floor. 21. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealant is a montan wax emulsion Polymer silicate, water glass, resin, a cement emulsion in a mixture with one of the sealants mentioned or can be another wax fabric. 22. The method according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the injected sealant and grown soil formed sealing layers together the Fully seal the floor. 23. Process for checking the layers formed

• - Driving fully course-controlled bores in or below the barrier layers formed,
• - Introduction of control elements in these holes, and
• - Transmission of the values reported by the control elements to above-ground evaluation systems.

24. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drilling diameter is up to one meter. 25. The apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1, with a controllable, remote-controlled drill head, characterized in that

• - Nozzles arranged there serve to inject the sealant into the ground.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that the injection can be single to multi-phase, and that the nozzles on the drill head are surrounded by an air jet are which the jet of sealant into a desired Form straightens or supports penetration. 27. The apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that a first with respect to the longitudinal axis of the drill head Nozzle pair compared to a second pair of nozzles by 5 ° to 180 ° is offset, and each of the nozzle pairs comprises two opposing nozzles, each one of the nozzles with the longitudinal axis of the drill head Includes angles from 30 ° to 90 °.