DE4303214A1 - Treatment of diseases of viral, viroidal or oncogenic origin by steroid saponins or their aglycones - Google Patents
Treatment of diseases of viral, viroidal or oncogenic origin by steroid saponins or their aglyconesInfo
- Publication number
- DE4303214A1 DE4303214A1 DE19934303214 DE4303214A DE4303214A1 DE 4303214 A1 DE4303214 A1 DE 4303214A1 DE 19934303214 DE19934303214 DE 19934303214 DE 4303214 A DE4303214 A DE 4303214A DE 4303214 A1 DE4303214 A1 DE 4303214A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- treatment
- medicament according
- atom
- diseases
- medicament
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung zeigt einen Weg zur Behandlung von Erkrankungen, die durch Viren, Viroide oder Onkogene hervorge rufen werden, durch Steroid-Saponine mit Furostan-, Spirostan-, Furo-Spirostan-, Spirosolan- oder Solanidin-Skelett oder deren Aglykone.The present invention shows a way to treat Diseases caused by viruses, viroids or oncogenes be called, by steroid saponins with furostane, spirostane, Furo-spirostane, spirosolane or solanidine skeleton or their Aglycones.
Virus-Infektionen gehören nicht erst seit der Entdeckung des HIV immer noch zu den am weitesten verbreiteten und zu den gefähr lichsten, weil einer kausalen Behandlung am wenigsten zugäng lichen Erkrankungen. Dies liegt zum einen an der Tatsache, daß man über Mechanismen der Transkription und der Verarbeitung von Transkripten in menschlichen Zellen wenig weiß, zum andern daran, daß sich in-vitro-Verhältnisse nur schlecht auf physio logische Vorgänge im menschlichen Organismus haben übertragen lassen.Virus infections have not only been around since the discovery of HIV still the most widespread and dangerous most possible because causal treatment is the least accessible diseases. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that mechanisms of transcription and processing of Transcripts in human cells little white, for another the fact that in vitro conditions are poorly related to physio logical processes in the human organism have transferred to let.
In der klinischen Praxis werden zur Zeit nur wenige Virostatika angewendet: 5-Jod-2′-desoxiuridin findet Anwendung bei Kerati den, die durch das Herpes-Simplex-Virus oder das Vaccinia-Virus verursacht werden - N-Methyl-β-thiosemicarbazon wird prophylak tisch und therapeutisch bei Pockenerkrankungen und bei der Vac cinia gangraenosa und der Vaccinia generalisata eingesetzt. Die Wirkung von 1-Adamantanamine richtet sich gegen bestimmte Viren, die Erkältungskrankheiten verursachen, z. B. gegen Influenza-A- Viren.Only a few antivirals are currently used in clinical practice applied: 5-iodo-2'-deoxiuridine is used in Kerati those caused by the herpes simplex virus or the vaccinia virus caused - N-methyl-β-thiosemicarbazon becomes prophylactic table and therapeutic for smallpox and vac cinia gangraenosa and the Vaccinia generalisata used. The 1-Adamantanamine works against certain viruses, which cause colds, e.g. B. against influenza A Viruses.
Gegen Infektionen mit HIV werden seit geraumer Zeit verschiedene Mittel eingesetzt, von denen manche zwar spezifisch zumindest für einen gewissen Zeitraum die Progression der Krankheit hem men, aber erhebliche Nebenwirkungen haben (Aciclovir, AZT), andere unspezifisch nicht den Krankheitserreger bekämpfen, sondern das Immunsystem in seiner Abwehrarbeit unterstützen.HIV infections have been different for some time Means used, some of which, at least specifically for a certain period the progression of the disease hem men, but have significant side effects (acyclovir, AZT), others do not specifically fight the pathogen, but support the immune system in its defense work.
Glycirrhizin wurde als in-vitro antiviral gegen HIV wirksam beschrieben (Antiviral Research, 7 (1987), 127-137), die kli nischen Tests fielen leider nicht sehr ermutigend aus.Glycirrhizine has been shown to be in vitro antiviral against HIV (Antiviral Research, 7 (1987), 127-137), the kli African tests were unfortunately not very encouraging.
Ein europäischer Patentantrag (EP 0 442 744 A2) befaßt sich mit der Behandlung von Virus-Erkrankungen durch Cardenolide und Bufadienolide ("herzwirksame Glykoside"). Die Antragsteller bzw. Erfinder zeigen, daß diese Stoffe im Zellfusionstest die Bildung von Riesenzellen in Herpes-simplex-infizierten Zellkulturen zu verhindern vermögen. Der Wirkungsmechanismus scheint den Antrag stellern nicht bekannt - zumindest haben sie ihn nicht beschrie ben.A European patent application (EP 0 442 744 A2) deals with the treatment of viral diseases by cardenolides and Bufadienolide ("cardioactive glycosides"). The applicants or Inventors show that these substances cause formation in the cell fusion test of giant cells in herpes simplex-infected cell cultures prevent fortune. The mechanism of action seems to be the request not known - at least they didn't describe him ben.
Auch fällt auf, daß die im Antrag geschilderten Tests mit den glykosidischen Naturstoffen durchgeführt wurden - eine Behand lung in vivo dürfte bei der Höhe der benötigten Dosen und der bekannt geringen therapeutischen Bandbreite der herzwirksamen Glykoside problematisch sein. It is also noticeable that the tests described in the application with the glycosidic natural products were carried out - a treatment lung in vivo should with the amount of the required doses and the known low therapeutic range of cardiac Glycosides can be problematic.
Es ist unbestritten, daß virale Gene (Onkogene) zur malignen Transformation einer Zelle führen können. Insbesondere bei RNA- Tumorviren, den Oncornaviren, aber auch bei DNA-Tumorviren wurde eine große Zahl von Genen gefunden, die mit Tumoren oder pathogen-proliferativen Prozessen assoziiert sind.It is undisputed that viral genes (oncogenes) malign Transformation of a cell. Especially with RNA Tumor viruses, the oncornaviruses, but also with DNA tumor viruses found a large number of genes related to tumors or pathogen-proliferative processes are associated.
Der Mechanismus der Tumorerzeugung selbst ist unbekannt. Es gilt jedoch als so gut wie sicher, daß die ausnahmslos stark konser vierten Genprodukte der Onkogene eine entscheidende Funktion bei der Steuerung von Proliferation und Differenzierung der Zelle haben.The mechanism of tumor generation itself is unknown. It applies however, as good as certain that the exceptionally strong consumer fourth gene products of the oncogenes play a crucial role the control of cell proliferation and differentiation to have.
Eine ganze Reihe von Viren wird mit Malignomen bei Menschen in Verbindung gebracht, obwohl nur in den seltensten Fällen ein ätiologischer Zusammenhang zwischen einer Virus-Infektion und dem Malignom gesichert werden konnte. So kann eine Infektion mit dem Hepatitis-B-Virus zur Ausbildung eines hepato-zellulären Carcinoms führen, während die zu den Retroviren zählenden HTLV I und II (Human T-Cell-Leukemia-Virus) Leukämien auslösen können. Das erst in jüngster Zeit entdeckte und identifizierte Humane- Immunschwäche-Virus HIV ist zwar mit einer Reihe von Tumoren assoziiert, aber wahrscheinlich nur durch Blockierung der kör pereigenen zellulären zytolytischen Mechanismen ätiologisch mit deren Entstehung verknüpft.A whole host of viruses are diagnosed with malignancies in humans Connected, although rarely one Etiological link between a virus infection and the malignancy could be saved. So an infection with the hepatitis B virus for the formation of a hepato-cellular Carcinomas lead, while the HTLV I and II (Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus) can trigger leukemia. The recently discovered and identified human Immunodeficiency virus HIV does have a number of tumors associated, but probably only by blocking the kör with its own cellular cytolytic mechanisms linked their creation.
Der Erfinder hat über viele Jahre hinweg die Mechanismen der Genexpression in menschlichen Zellen untersucht und sich dabei insbesondere mit den Abläufen bei der Verarbeitung von Primär transkripten zur reifen mRNA befaßt. Dabei hat der Erfinder zum einen die Interaktionen zwischen aktivierten primären HRPs (kom plexe aus einem Kernmembran-Rezeptorprotein und einem Releasing- Hormon) und Histon-Proteinen bei der Genaktivierung, zum andern die biochemische Rolle von solchen Hormonen untersucht, die durch Releasing-Hormone induziert werden. Aktivierte komplexe aus diesen vom Erfinder sekundäre Transkriptionshormone genann ten Botenstoffen und cytoplasmatischen Rezeptorproteinen (sekun däre HRPs) spielen bei der Verarbeitung (Processing/Spleissen) von Primärtranskripten im Spleissosom eine wichtige Rolle. Der Erfinder hat sowohl die Abläufe bei der Genaktivierung, als auch das Processing von Primärtranskripten eingehend untersucht und die daran beteiligten Faktoren größtenteils identifiziert und charakterisiert.The inventor has had the mechanisms of Gene expression in human cells is examined and examined especially with the processes of processing primary transcripts related to mature mRNA. The inventor has the interactions between activated primary HRPs (com complexes of a core membrane receptor protein and a releasing Hormone) and histone proteins during gene activation, on the other investigated the biochemical role of such hormones that can be induced by releasing hormones. Activated complexes out of these called by the inventor secondary transcription hormones messenger substances and cytoplasmic receptor proteins (sec HRPs) play a role in processing (processing / splicing) of primary transcripts in the splice ossome play an important role. Of the Inventor has both the processes of gene activation, as well the processing of primary transcripts is examined in detail and the factors involved are largely identified and characterized.
Bezogen auf den Spleißprozeß (das Processing) und die im Rah
men dieser Erfindung relevanten Abläufe hat der Erfinder unter
anderem entdeckt,
daß ein Großteil der repetitiven Sequenzen des mensch
lichen Genoms Leader-Sequenzen darstellt;
daß diese Leader-Sequenzen Homologien (Consensus-Sequen
zen) aufweisen, sich also zu Leader-Gruppen mit identi
schen Consensus-Sequenzen (Leader-Codes) zusammenfassen
lassen;
daß es zu diesen Leader-Codes (zu denen auch die bekannte
CAAT- und die TATA-Box gehören) jeweils eine spezifische
UsnRNA gibt, die eine Komplementärsequenz zu einem
Leader-Code aufweist;
daß sich Leader-Codes und UsnRNAs bestimmten Hormonen
zuordnen lassen;
daß eine reife mRNA immer durch Verbindung (Spleißen)
von zwei parallel transkribierten Primärtranskripten
entsteht, von denen das eine eine Leader-Sequenz, das
andere das Primärtranskript des Gens (eine homogene oder
heterogene RNA) darstellt.With regard to the splicing process (processing) and the processes relevant to this invention, the inventor has discovered, among other things,
that most of the repetitive sequences of the human genome are leader sequences;
that these leader sequences have homologies (consensus sequences), that is, they can be combined into leader groups with identical consensus sequences (leader codes);
that there is a specific UsnRNA for each of these leader codes (which also includes the well-known CAAT and TATA boxes) which has a complementary sequence to a leader code;
that leader codes and UsnRNAs can be assigned to certain hormones;
that a mature mRNA is always created by connecting (splicing) two parallel transcribed primary transcripts, one of which is a leader sequence, the other the primary transcript of the gene (a homogeneous or heterogeneous RNA).
Abhängig davon, ob das Primärtranskript eine homogene (monocis tronische) oder heterogene (polycistronische, hnRNA) darstellt, werden die Transkripte von Leader-Sequenz und Gen anschließend weiter verarbeitet (prozessiert). Der (bereits bekannte) Vorgang des differentiellen Spleißens von hnRNA führt in verschiedenen Zellpopulationen oder in verschiedenen Differenzierungsstufen derselben Zellreihe zu unterschiedlich strukturierten mRNAs und damit zu unterschiedlichen Genprodukten.Depending on whether the primary transcript is homogeneous (monocis tronic) or heterogeneous (polycistronic, hnRNA), the leader and gene transcripts are then added further processed. The (already known) process differential splicing of hnRNA results in different Cell populations or in different levels of differentiation same cell row to differently structured mRNAs and thus to different gene products.
Der Erfinder hat die Funktion von UsnRNA und Leader, die Funk tion der Polyadenylierung sowie der bereits erwähnten sekundären HRPs entdeckt und das Zusammenwirken dieser und anderer Faktoren beim Processing von Primärtranskripten beschrieben.The inventor has the function of UsnRNA and leader, the radio tion of the polyadenylation and the already mentioned secondary HRPs discovered and the interaction of these and other factors described in the processing of primary transcripts.
Der Erfinder hat weiter entdeckt, daß es außer den in der Lite ratur erwähnten caps eine große Zahl weiterer caps gibt, die sich sowohl in Zahl und Struktur der Basen (es gibt nicht nur 1-, 2-, und 3-basige, sondern auch 4-basige caps), als auch in der Methylierung der cap-Basen unterscheiden.The inventor further discovered that besides those in the Lite ratur mentioned caps there are a large number of other caps that differ in both number and structure of the bases (there is not only 1-, 2-, and 3-base, but also 4-base caps), as well as in distinguish the methylation of the cap bases.
Bei der Untersuchung von caps in ein- und mehrzelligen tieri schen Organismen hat der Erfinder festgestellt, daß es offen sichtlich eine phylogenetische Entwicklung gegeben hat von den einfachen 1-basigen (Guanin)-caps über die 2- und 3-basigen bis zu den 4-basigen caps, wie man sie nur in hochentwickelten tie rischen (und menschlichen) Zellen findet. Auch hat er festge stellt, daß die Anfügung eines sogenannten poly-A-Schwanzes (Anfügen von poly-Adenylsäure-Resten an das Primärtranskript) in diskreten, also definierten Größenordnungen geschieht und daß definierte Stellen des poly-A-Schwanzes spezifische Methylie rungen aufweisen.When examining caps in single and multicellular tieri organisms, the inventor has determined that it is open has clearly given a phylogenetic development from the simple 1-base (guanine) caps over the 2 and 3-base bis to the 4-base caps that you can only find in sophisticated ties natural (and human) cells. He also fixed represents the addition of a so-called poly-A tail (Append poly-adenylic acid residues to the primary transcript) in discrete, ie defined orders of magnitude happens and that defined positions of the poly-A tail specific methyly have stanchions.
Von besonderem Interesse im Zusammenhang mit dieser Erfindung ist dabei die Tatsache, daß sich Viren offenbar bei ihrer Repli kation in menschlichen Zellen einiger spezieller, phylogenetisch "junger" cap-Strukturen bedienen. Diese virustypischen cap- Strukturen werden (Ontogenese reproduziert die Phylogenese) im menschlichen Organismus dementsprechend entweder nur in den frühesten Stadien der Entwicklung oder nur in einigen wenigen Zellen des adulten Organismus gebildet, die noch auf einer relativ "niedrigen" Entwicklungs- bzw. Differenzierungsstufe stehen. Die gleichen cap-Strukturen hat der Erfinder auch bei Primärtranskripten von Onkogenen und proteinogenen Viroiden sowie bei viroidaler RNA identifiziert. Of particular interest in connection with this invention is the fact that viruses are apparently in their repli cation in human cells of some special, phylogenetic Serve "young" cap structures. These virus-typical cap- Structures are (ontogenesis reproduces the phylogenesis) in the accordingly, only in the human organism earliest stages of development or only in a few Cells of the adult organism are formed that are still on one relatively "low" level of development or differentiation stand. The inventor also has the same cap structures Primary transcripts of oncogenes and proteinogenic viroids as well as identified with viroidal RNA.
Weiter ist im Zusammenhang mit dieser Erfindung von Interesse, daß die Verbindung eines Leaders und einer homogenen oder hete rogenen RNA immer durch eine spezifische UsnRNA katalysiert wird, die - wie bereits erwähnt - an einer markanten Stelle eine Komplementär-Sequenz zu der Consensus-Sequenz des Leaders auf weist. Diese UsnRNA nämlich bringt das 3′-Ende des Leaders und das 5′-Ende der zu verbindenden homogenen RNA bzw. das erste Exon der heterogenen RNA in eine Position, die es einer wiederum spezifischen Ligase ermöglicht, Leader und homogene RNA bzw. Exon miteinander zu verbinden.In connection with this invention it is also of interest that the connection of a leader and a homogeneous or hete rogen RNA always catalyzed by a specific UsnRNA which - as already mentioned - has a Complementary sequence to the leader's consensus sequence points. This UsnRNA namely brings the 3'-end of the leader and the 5'-end of the homogeneous RNA to be connected or the first Exon the heterogeneous RNA into a position that it in turn specific ligase enables leaders and homogeneous RNA or Connect exon with each other.
Der Erfinder hat zweifelsfrei nachweisen können, daß die stereo chemische Struktur des Spleissosoms und die in ihm ablaufenden Reaktionen durch die bereits weiter oben erwähnten sekundären HRPs katalysiert werden: ohne diese sekundären HRPs ist sowohl in vivo als auch in vitro die Bildung des Spleissosoms und damit die Synthese einer reifen mRNA unmöglich.The inventor has been able to prove beyond any doubt that the stereo chemical structure of the splice isome and the processes running in it Reactions by the secondary mentioned above HRPs are catalyzed: without these secondary HRPs is both in vivo and in vitro the formation of the splice isome and thus the synthesis of a mature mRNA impossible.
Im Zuge seiner Arbeit über die der Genexpression und dem Pro cessing zugrundeliegenden biochemischen Prozesse ist der Erfin der auch der Frage nachgegangen, welcher biochemischen Funktion Viroide ("nackte RNA-Mini-Viren") ihre Pathogenität verdanken. Während man bei Pflanzen verschiedene Viroide identifiziert und ihre Wirkungen auf die Pflanze beschrieben hat, ist die Patho genität von Viroiden in der Human-Medizin noch Gegenstand der Diskussion. Man ist sich noch nicht einmal darüber einig, ob die RNA von Viroiden für Proteine kodiert oder nicht.In the course of his work on gene expression and the pro cessing underlying biochemical processes is the Erfin who also investigated the question of which biochemical function Viroids ("naked RNA mini viruses") owe their pathogenicity. While different viroids are identified in plants and has described its effects on the plant is patho viroids in human medicine are still the subject of Discussion. It is not even agreed whether the RNA of viroids encodes proteins or not.
Der Erfinder hat nun entdeckt, daß Viroide entweder für (Hormon- Rezeptor)-Proteine kodieren oder ihre Pathogenität der Tatsache verdanken, daß ihre RNA-Sequenz mit der eines RNA-Leaders oder einer UsnRNA identisch ist. Die humanpathogenen Wirkungen von Viroiden beruhen also entweder auf der Beeinflussung der Genex pression oder der des Processing. Diese Beobachtungen, die im Detail noch der Überprüfung und Bestätigung bedürfen, könnten nicht nur die sogenannten slow-virus-Infektionen erklären hel fen, sondern auch Erklärungen bieten für eine ganze Reihe von Krankheiten, deren virale oder viroidale Genese noch in der Diskussion oder deren Ätiologie noch gänzlich ungeklärt ist.The inventor has now discovered that viroids are used either for (hormone Receptor) proteins encode their pathogenicity or fact owe their RNA sequence to that of an RNA leader or an UsnRNA is identical. The human pathogenic effects of Viroids are based either on influencing genex pression or that of processing. These observations made in Detail could still require review and confirmation not only the so-called slow virus infections explain hel fen, but also provide explanations for a whole range of Diseases whose viral or viroid genesis is still in the Discussion or its etiology is still completely unclear.
Zwischen den Funktionen von Viroiden und Onkogenen gibt es Parallelen: nach Feststellungen des Erfinders kodieren auch Onkogene zum Teil für cytoplasmatische Hormon-Rezeptorproteine, für Plasmamembran-Rezeptoren oder für Wachstums-Hormone (Growth factors), die an solche Rezeptoren oder Rezeptorproteine binden. Auch können Onkogene für RNAs (UsnRNAs oder Leader-Sequenzen) kodieren, also nicht proteinogen und doch pathogen sein. Eine Differenzierung zwischen Onkogen und Viroid ist also im Grunde nicht durch deren Struktur oder Funktion, sondern nur durch ihre pathogenen Wirkungen in der jeweiligen Zelle möglich.There are between the functions of viroids and oncogenes Parallels: according to the inventor's findings, coding too Partly oncogenes for cytoplasmic hormone receptor proteins, for plasma membrane receptors or for growth hormones (Growth factors) that bind to such receptors or receptor proteins. Oncogenes can also be used for RNAs (UsnRNAs or leader sequences) encode, so not be proteinogenic and yet be pathogenic. A So differentiation between oncogene and viroid is basically not by their structure or function, but only by their pathogenic effects possible in the respective cell.
Wie eng die Verwandtschaft zwischen Viroiden oder viralen Genen und Onkogenen ist, zeigt die Tatsache, daß zwischen dem Onkogen abl - das in Mäusen die sogenannte Abelson-Leukämie verursacht - und dem Gen "tat" des humanen Immunschwäche-Virus HIV-1 eine 90%ige Sequenz-Homologie besteht. How closely the relationship between viroids or viral genes and is oncogene, shows the fact that between the oncogene abl - that causes so-called Abelson leukemia in mice - and the gene "tat" of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 one 90% sequence homology exists.
Für die Integration von humanpathogenen Viroiden oder viralen Onkogenen ins Zellgenom kommen verschiedene Mechanismen in Betracht, die hier nicht im Detail diskutiert werden sollen: außer durch Onkornaviren werden Viroide/Onkogene mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit auch durch andere RNA-Viren (Retro-, Reo-, Calici-, Picorna-, Corona-, Orthomyxo-, Paramyxoviren) als Vek toren in den menschlichen Organismus eingeschleust und durch Reverse Transkription oder RNA/DNA-Hybridisierung und Plasmid bzw. Episom-Bildung ins Zellgenom inseriert.For the integration of human pathogenic viroids or viral Various mechanisms come into play oncogenes in the cell genome Consideration that should not be discussed in detail here: except for oncornaviruses, viroids / oncogenes become high Probability also due to other RNA viruses (retro, reo-, Calici, Picorna, Corona, Orthomyxo, Paramyxoviruses) as Vek gates into the human organism and through Reverse transcription or RNA / DNA hybridization and plasmid or episome formation inserted into the cell genome.
Da die Pathogenität von Viroiden oder Onkogenen nach Erkennt nissen des Erfinders also eng mit der Genexpression und dort zu einem erheblichen Teil mit den Mechanismen des Spleißprozesses korreliert ist, ist die Blockierung der pathogenen viroidalen oder onkogenen Mechanismen im Prinzip auf dem gleichen Wege wie bei viralen Genen möglich.Because the pathogenicity of viroids or oncogenes is detected of the inventor closely related to gene expression and there a significant part with the mechanisms of the splicing process correlated is the blocking of the pathogenic viroid or oncogenic mechanisms in principle in the same way as possible with viral genes.
Bei seinen Untersuchungen und Experimenten zur Analyse der Vor gänge im Spleissosom hat der Erfinder sich verschiedener Natur stoffe bedient, um die einzelnen Stufen des Processing in be stimmten Stadien wirksam unterbrechen und untersuchen zu können.In his investigations and experiments to analyze the pre The inventor has different passages in the splice isom fabrics are used to process the individual stages of processing to be able to effectively interrupt and examine certain stages.
Dabei hat er entdeckt, daß eine Reihe von steroidalen und den Steroiden verwandten Naturstoffen, die in pflanzlichen, zum Teil aber auch in tierischen Organismen an einer hormonellen oder hormon-analogen Steuerung der Transkription und der Verarbeitung der Transkripte beteiligt sind, in Abhängigkeit von Struktur und Methylierung des caps und der Methylierung einer definierten Zahl von Basen am 5′-Ende des Leaders, von Zahl und Methylierung der poly-A-Reste und der Komplementär-Sequenz der UsnRNA auch oder besser gerade in humanen Zellen sehr spezifisch das Pro cessing homogener und heterogener (monocistronischer und poly cistronischer) viraler und viroidaler/onkogener RNA zu inhibie ren vermögen.He discovered that a number of steroidal and Steroids related natural products found in plant, in part but also in animal organisms on a hormonal or hormone-analogous control of transcription and processing the transcripts are involved, depending on structure and Methylation of the caps and the methylation of a defined Number of bases at the 5'-end of the leader, number and methylation the poly A residues and the complementary sequence of the UsnRNA as well or rather, especially in human cells, the Pro is very specific cessing homogeneous and heterogeneous (monocistronic and poly cistronic) viral and viroidal / oncogenic RNA to inhibit assets.
Die dem Antrag zugrunde liegenden Naturstoffe, die eine größere Affinität zu den Bindungsstellen des Spleissosoms haben, ver drängen die sekundären HRPs (Phylogenese dominiert die Ontoge nese) von ihren Bindungsstellen und verhindern damit die Bildung der funktionsgerechten Konformation des Spleißosoms.The natural substances on which the application is based, the larger one Have affinity for the binding sites of the splice isome, ver push the secondary HRPs (phylogenesis dominates the ontogeny nese) from their binding sites and thus prevent formation the functional conformation of the spliceosome.
Unter dem Einfluß der genannten Naturstoffe werden die Synthese spezifischer viraler mRNAs, die Synthese von unphysiologischen pathogenen, durch Viroide oder zelluläre onkogene Gene kodierten Proteinen (Growth-factors, Rezeptorproteine) und die pathogenen Wirkungen von onkogen kodierter RNA oder Viroid-RNA (falsche UsnRNAs, falsche Leader) in vitro und in vivo gehemmt.Under the influence of the natural products mentioned, the synthesis specific viral mRNAs, the synthesis of unphysiological pathogenic genes encoded by viroids or cellular oncogenic genes Proteins (growth factors, receptor proteins) and the pathogenic Effects of oncogenically encoded RNA or viroid RNA (incorrect UsnRNAs, false leaders) inhibited in vitro and in vivo.
Bis heute ist die Ätiologie einer großen Zahl von Krankheiten bei Mensch und Tier ungeklärt. Dazu gehören nicht nur solche Erkrankungen wie Multiple Sklerose, das Parkinson-Syndrom, die Alzheimersche Erkrankung, bestimmte Leukämien und Erythrämien, die meisten Neoplasien oder Kuru und Scrapie, bei denen eine virale oder subvirale bzw. viroidale oder onkogene Ätiologie schon mehr oder weniger ernsthaft diskutiert wird, sondern ins besondere auch die chronisch entzündlichen oder degenerativen Erkrankungen des Halte- und Bewegungsapparates (Krankheiten des rheumatischen Formenkreises, die Arthrosen und Arthritiden/ Gicht), die Auto-Immunkrankheiten, aber auch der insulin-abhän gige Diabetes und die Psoriasis-Krankheiten, bei denen bis heute kaum jemand an eine virale bzw. viroidale Ursache denkt. Der Erfinder ist sich allerdings sicher, daß ein erheblicher Teil dieser Erkrankungen mit unbekannter oder unklarer Genese durch Viren bzw. von diesen importierte subvirale Einheiten (Viroide/Onkogene) verursacht wird und durch die in seinem Antrag zusammengefaßten Naturstoffe einer kausalen Therapie zugänglich gemacht werden kann.To date, the etiology of a large number of diseases unsettled in humans and animals. This does not only include such Diseases like multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's syndrome, the Alzheimer's disease, certain leukemias and erythremias, most neoplasia or kuru and scrapie, where one viral or subviral or viroidal or oncogenic etiology is already more or less seriously discussed, but ins especially the chronically inflammatory or degenerative Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (diseases of the rheumatic type, arthrosis and arthritis / Gout), auto-immune diseases, but also insulin-dependent diabetes and the psoriasis diseases in which up today hardly anyone thinks of a viral or viroid cause. The inventor is certain, however, that a substantial one Part of these diseases with unknown or unclear genesis by viruses or subviral units imported from them (Viroids / Oncogenes) is caused by and in its Application summarized natural products of a causal therapy can be made accessible.
Die vorliegende Erfindung zeigt zum ersten
einen Weg zur Behandlung von Erkrankungen viraler, viro
idaler und onkogener Genese durch Verabreichung der wirk
samen Menge einer Substanz der allgemeinen Formel (Ia-e)The present invention first shows
a way of treating diseases of viral, viral and oncogenic origin by administration of the effective amount of a substance of the general formula (Ia-e)
für die allgemein gilt,
daß der Substituent R7 stets β-ständig, die Substituenten
R8, R11, R13 und R14 stets α-ständig sind - die Ringe B/C
und C/D also stets trans- und die Ringe D/E stets cis-ver
knüpft sind. Die Ringe A/B können sowohl cis- (5β-R4) als
auch trans-verknüpft (5α-R4) sein. Zwischen C4 und C5, C5
und C6, C12 und C13 sowie zwischen C13 und C14 kann eine
Doppelbindung vorliegen. Die Konfiguration an C22 und C25
kann jeweils R oder S sein.for which generally applies
that the substituent R7 is always β-permanent, the substituents R8, R11, R13 and R14 are always α-permanent - the rings B / C and C / D are therefore always trans- and the rings D / E are always cis-linked. Rings A / B can be cis- (5β-R4) or trans-linked (5α-R4). A double bond can exist between C4 and C5, C5 and C6, C12 and C13 and between C13 and C14. The configuration on C22 and C25 can be R or S, respectively.
Weiter gilt:The following also applies:
Die Substituenten R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R9, R10, R12, R16, R17, R18 und R19 können unabhängig voneinander ein H-Atom, eine Hydroxy- oder eine Amino-Gruppe in α- oder β-Stellung sein.The substituents R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R9, R10, R12, R16, R17, R18 and R19 can be independently H atom, a hydroxy or an amino group in α or be in the β position.
R8, R11, R13 und R14 können unabhängig voneinander ein H-Atom, eine Hydroxy- oder Amino-Gruppe in α-Stellung sein. Wenn zwischen C12 und C13 oder C13 und C14 eine Doppel bindung vorliegt, entfällt R0. R14 kann dann eine Methyl gruppe oder ein H-Atom sein.R8, R11, R13 and R14 can independently be one H atom, a hydroxyl or amino group in the α-position. If there is a double between C12 and C13 or C13 and C14 R0 is omitted. R14 can then be a methyl group or an H atom.
Wenn der Ring A aromatisch ist, entfallen die Substituenten R4 und RD. R1 und R3 können dann unabhängig voneinander eine Methyl- oder Hydroxymethylgruppe sein.If the ring A is aromatic, the substituents are omitted R4 and RD. R1 and R3 can then be independent of each other be a methyl or hydroxymethyl group.
R7 und R15 können unabhängig voneinander ein H-Atom, eine
Hydroxy- oder eine Amino-Gruppe in β-Stellung,
R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R9, R10, R12, R16, R17 und R19 unab
hängig voneinander eine Oxogruppe sein.R7 and R15 can independently of one another be an H atom, a hydroxyl or an amino group in the β-position,
R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R9, R10, R12, R16, R17 and R19 can be an oxo group independently of one another.
Außerdem gilt, daß Hydroxy- oder Amino-Gruppe mit einem Zucker glykosidiert, mit einem Alkohol alkyliert oder mit einer Säure acyliert sein kann.In addition, the hydroxy or amino group with a Sugar glycosidated, alkylated with an alcohol or with an acid can be acylated.
Zum zweiten einen Weg zur Behandlung von Erkrankungen vi
raler, viroidaler und onkogener Genese durch Verwendung
eines Arzneimittels, dessen aktiver Bestandteil eine Sub
stanz der allgemeinen Formel (Ia-e) ist
zum dritten einen Weg zur Behandlung von Erkrankungen vi
raler, viroidaler und onkogener Genese durch Verwendung
eines Arzneimittels, dessen aktiver Bestandteil mehrere
Substanzen der allgemeinen Formel (Ia-e) in einem belie
bigen Mischungsverhältnis sind
und viertens einen Weg zur Behandlung von Erkrankungen
viraler, viroidaler und onkogener Genese durch Verwendung
eines Arzneimittels, dessen aktiver Bestandteil eine oder
mehrere Substanzen der allgemeinen Formel (Ia-e) in einem
beliebigen Mischungs-Verhältnis sind, in Verbindung mit
Zusätzen, Hilfs- und Trägerstoffen, Lösungsmitteln und/
oder Lösungsvermittlern, wie sie in der galenischen Phar
mazie üblich oder möglich sind.
Second, a way of treating diseases of viral, viroidal and oncogenic genesis by using a medicament whose active constituent is a substance of the general formula (Ia-e)
thirdly, a way of treating diseases of viral, viroidal and oncogenic genesis by using a medicament whose active constituent is several substances of the general formula (Ia-e) in any mixing ratio
and fourth, a way of treating diseases of viral, viroidal and oncogenic origin by using a medicament, the active constituent of which is one or more substances of the general formula (Ia-e) in any mixing ratio, in conjunction with additives, auxiliaries and Carriers, solvents and / or solubilizers, as are usual or possible in pharmaceutical pharmacy.
Es ist allgemein bekannt, daß viele der Steroid-Saponine, auf die sich die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht, ein gemeinsames Aglykon (Genin, Sapogenin) aufweisen, sich also nur in Form, Zusammensetzung und Anbindung der Zucker unterscheiden. Es ist auch allgemein anerkannt, daß die physiologisch wirksame Gruppe von Steroid-Saponinen (z. B. bei den herzwirksamen Glykosiden), also auch Verbindungen der Formel (Ia-e) das Aglykon oder Genin ist. Die Substanzen, die mit diesem Antrag unter Schutz gestellt werden sollen, zeichnen sich dadurch aus, daß sie ein Furostan-, Spirostan-, Furo-Spirostan-, Spirosolan- oder Solanidin-Skelett aufweisen.It is well known that many of the steroid saponins are based on the present invention relates to a common one Have aglycone (genin, sapogenin), i.e. only in form, Differentiate the composition and binding of the sugars. It is also generally recognized that the physiologically active group steroid saponins (e.g. cardiac glycosides), thus also compounds of the formula (Ia-e) the aglycone or genin is. The substances covered by this application should be characterized in that they a furostan, spirostan, furo-spirostan, spirosolan or Have a solanidine skeleton.
Typische Beispiele für die der Erfindung zugrundeliegenden Stoffe sind die Sapogenine Alliogenin, Agigenin, 2-O-Ac- Epimetagenin, Barogenin, Chlorogenin, Convallagenin A und B, Convallamarogenin, Demissidin, Digalogenin, Digitogenin, Diosgenin, Eduligenin, Epidiosgenin, Episceptrumgenin, Epi ruscogenin, Gentrogenin, Gitogenin, Hecogenin, Heloniogenin, Hispigenin, Igagenin, Isocarneagenin, Isonarthogenin, Isoplexi genin, Isoreineckiagenin, Isorhodeasapogenin, Isorubÿervin, Isojurubidin, Jurubidin, Karatavegenin, Kitogenin, Kogagenin, Kryptogenin, Laxogenin, Leptinidin, Lowegenin, Luvigenin, Mano genin, Markogenin, Metagenin, Meteogenin, Mexogenin, Neoagi genin, Neoalliogenin, Neochlorogenin, Neogitogenin, Neonogira genin, Neotigogenin, Neotokorogenin, Nogiragenin, Nologenin, Nuatigenin, Paniculogenin, Pennogenin, Protometagenin, Rei neckiagenin, Rhodeasapogenin, Rockogenin, Rubÿervin, Rusco genin, Samogenin, Sarsasapogenin, Sisalagenin, Smilagenin (Neosarsasapog.), Soladulcidin, Soladunalinidin, Solagenin, Solanaviol, Solasodenon, Solasodin, Solasonin, Trillenogenin, Tigogenin, Tokorogenin, Tomatidin, Veramin, Yonogenin, Yucca genin, Yamogenin und ihre jeweiligen Glykoside.Typical examples of those on which the invention is based Substances are the sapogenins alliogenin, agigenin, 2-O-Ac- Epimetagenin, barogenin, chlorogenin, convallagenin A and B, Convallamarogenin, demissidine, digalogenin, digitogenin, Diosgenin, Eduligenin, Epidiosgenin, Episceptrumgenin, Epi ruscogenin, gentrogenin, gitogenin, hecogenin, heloniogenin, Hispigenin, Igagenin, Isocarneagenin, Isonarthogenin, Isoplexi genin, isoreineckiagenin, isorhodeasapogenin, isorubÿervin, Isojurubidine, jurubidine, karatavegenin, kitogenin, kogagenin, Cryptogenin, laxogenin, leptinidine, lowegenin, luvigenin, mano genin, markogenin, metagenin, meteogenin, mexogenin, Neoagi genin, neoalliogenin, neochlorogenin, neogitogenin, neonogira genin, neotigogenin, neotocorogenin, nogiragenin, nologenin, Nuatigenin, Paniculogenin, Pennogenin, Protometagenin, Rei neckiagenin, Rhodeasapogenin, Rockogenin, Rubÿervin, Rusco genin, samogenin, sarsasapogenin, sisalagenin, smilagenin (Neosarsasapog.), Soladulcidin, Soladunalinidin, Solagenin, Solanaviol, Solasodenon, Solasodin, Solasonin, Trillenogenin, Tigogenin, Tokorogenin, Tomatidin, Veramin, Yonogenin, Yucca genin, yamogenin and their respective glycosides.
Die Substanzen nach Formel (Ia-e) können entweder durch Extrak tion und Reinigung aus natürlichen Quellen (z. B. Pflanzen der Familien Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Smilacaceae, Cactaceae, Trilliaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Balanitaceae, Agavaceae, Zygophyl laceae, Solanaceae, Ruscaceae, Scrophulariaceae oder Ranuncula ceae) oder durch allgemein bekannte chemische Verfahren unter Kondensation eines Aglykons mit einer physiologisch verträglich en Gruppe (Zucker, Alkyl- oder Acyl-Reste) dargestellt werden.The substances of formula (Ia-e) can either by Extrak tion and purification from natural sources (e.g. plants of the Families Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Smilacaceae, Cactaceae, Trilliaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Balanitaceae, Agavaceae, Zygophyl laceae, Solanaceae, Ruscaceae, Scrophulariaceae or Ranuncula ceae) or by generally known chemical methods Condensation of an aglycon with a physiologically acceptable one en group (sugar, alkyl or acyl residues).
Modifikationen an einem oder mehreren beliebigen C-Atomen, die statt eines H-Atoms, einer Hydroxy-, Amino-, Carbonylgruppe oder einer glykosidierten, alkylierten bzw. acylierten Hydroxy- oder Aminogruppe eine andere physiologisch verträgliche Gruppe vor sehen, haben einen nur indirekten Einfluß auf die Wirkung des Arzneimittels, nämlich nur auf Art und Geschwindigkeit seiner Resorption. Das bedeutet, daß die Stoffe oder Verbindungen, die durch diesen Antrag unter Schutz gestellt werden sollen, auch solche Derivate und Substrate einschließen, deren Anwendung im Sinne dieser Erfindung durch metabolische Prozesse im Organismus zu Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (Ia-e) führt.Modifications to any one or more C atoms that instead of an H atom, a hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl group or a glycosidated, alkylated or acylated hydroxy or Amino group another physiologically acceptable group see have only an indirect influence on the effect of the Drug, namely only on the type and speed of its Absorption. This means that the substances or compounds that to be protected by this application, too include those derivatives and substrates whose application in The meaning of this invention through metabolic processes in the organism leads to compounds of the general formula (Ia-e).
Der Begriff Zucker-Gruppe ist im weitesten Sinne aufzufassen. Die im folgenden beschriebenen Zucker sind deshalb nur als unvollständige Beispiele gedacht.The term sugar group is to be understood in the broadest sense. The sugars described below are therefore only as incomplete examples thought.
Unter dem Begriff Zucker sind Mono-, Oligo- und Polysaccharide zu verstehen, die linear oder verzweigt aufgebaut sein können. Typische Zucker sind zum Beispiel Glukose, Galaktose, Rhamnose, Xylose, Pyranose, Quinovose, Apiose, Arabinose, Furanose, L-Fu cose, Mannose, Timobiose, Chacotriose, Lycotetraose oder Digito pentaose. Der Begriff Zucker oder Zucker-Gruppe schließt auch die jeweiligen isomeren und anomeren Formen sowie evtl. Modifi kationen der Zuckermoleküle mit ein.The term sugar includes mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides to understand that can be linear or branched. Typical sugars are, for example, glucose, galactose, rhamnose, Xylose, pyranose, quinovose, apiose, arabinose, furanose, L-Fu cose, mannose, timobiose, chacotriose, lycotetraose or digito pentaose. The term sugar or sugar group also includes the respective isomeric and anomeric forms and possibly Modifi cations of the sugar molecules.
Als Acylgruppen kommen insbesondere organische Carbonsäuren in Frage, die der aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen, aromat ischen, aromatisch-aliphatischen oder heterocyclischen Reihe angehören wie z. B. Ameisensäure, Essigsäure, Propionsäure, Buttersäure, Isobuttersäure, Valeriansäure, Isovaleriansäure, Capronsäure, Önanthsäure, Caprylsäure, Pelargonsäure, Caprin säure, Undecylsäure, Laurinsäure, Trimethylessigsäure, tert. Butylessigsäure, Cyclopentylessigsäure, Diäthylaminoessigsäure, Morpholinoessigsäure, Milchsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Adipinsäure, Benzoesäure und Nikotinsäure.Organic carboxylic acids in particular come as acyl groups in question, the aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromat isisch, aromatic-aliphatic or heterocyclic series belong to z. B. formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, Butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, Caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, caprin acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid, trimethyl acetic acid, tert. Butylacetic acid, cyclopentylacetic acid, diethylaminoacetic acid, Morpholinoacetic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, Benzoic acid and nicotinic acid.
Als anorganische Säuren kommen u. a. Schwefel- oder Phosphorsäure in Betracht.As inorganic acids come u. a. Sulfuric or phosphoric acid into consideration.
Die Ester einiger Säuren können gegebenenfalls mit Alkali in die wasserlöslichen Salze überführt werden.The esters of some acids can optionally with alkali in the water-soluble salts are transferred.
Als Alkylgruppen kommen die Alkohole der entsprechenden orga nischen Säuren in Frage.The alcohols of the corresponding orga come as alkyl groups African acids in question.
Der in diesem Antrag verwendete Begriff "Behandlung" beinhaltet alle Formen der Behandlung von Krankheiten viraler, viroidaler und onkogener Genese, insbesondere die Vorsorge, Verhütung, kon trolle, Besserung und Heilung.The term "treatment" used in this application includes all forms of treatment of diseases viral, viroid and oncogenic genesis, especially prevention, contraception, con trolls, recovery and healing.
Die Formulierung "Erkrankungen viraler, viroidaler oder onko gener Genese" bezieht sich auf die Fähigkeit der dem Antrag zugrundeliegenden Stoffe, im menschlichen oder tierischen OrganismusThe phrase "diseases of viral, viroid or onko gener genesis "refers to the ability of the application underlying substances, in human or animal organism
- a) die Synthese viraler mRNA und damit die Vermehrung (Replikation) von Viren zu hemmen oder vollständig zu unterdrücken sowiea) the synthesis of viral mRNA and thus the multiplication (Replication) of viruses to inhibit or completely suppress as well
- b) die Synthese pathogener mRNAs zu hemmen oder vollständig zu unterdrücken, die durch Viroide oder Onkogene verursacht wird sowieb) inhibit the synthesis of pathogenic mRNAs or completely suppressed by viroids or Causing oncogenes as well
- c) die pathogenen Wirkungen von Viroiden oder Onkogenen zu hemmen oder vollständig zu unterdrücken, die durch Mismanagement von Mechanismen der Genexpression oder des Processings verursacht werden.c) the pathogenic effects of viroids or oncogenes to inhibit or completely suppress that by Mismanagement of mechanisms of gene expression or of Processings are caused.
Dies schließt also analog zum weiter oben Gesagten auch chron isch entzündliche und entzündlich degenerative, neoplastische und/oder pathogen-proliferative Prozesse sowie Krankheiten ein, die durch Onkogene verursacht werden.Analogously to what was said above, this also includes chron is inflammatory and inflammatory degenerative, neoplastic and / or pathogen-proliferative processes and diseases, caused by oncogenes.
Zu den Krankheiten, die mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Arzneimittel
behandelt werden können, gehören insbesondere Infektionen mit
Retro-Viridae (alle HIV-Serotypen, HTLV I und HTLV II), Oncorna
viridae, Herpes-Viridae (Alpha-, Beta- und Gammaherpesviren),
Parvoviridae, Pox- und Parapoxviridae, Picornaviridae (alle
Rhinoviren, Cardioviren, Coxsackie A und B, Echoviren, Entero
viren (Hepatitis A), Hepatitis-B-Virus und Delta-Agens, Polio I,
II, III, Calici-Viridae, Orbiviridae, Rubiviridae, Orthomyxo
viridae (Influenza A, B, C), Paramyxoviridae (Parainfluenza,
Mumps), Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae, NANB-Hepatitis-Viren, Nor
walk-, Ebola- und Marburg-Viren.Diseases that can be treated with a medicament according to the invention include, in particular, infections with
Retro-Viridae (all HIV serotypes, HTLV I and HTLV II), Oncorna viridae, Herpes-Viridae (Alpha, Beta and Gammaherpesviruses), Parvoviridae, Pox- and Parapoxviridae, Picornaviridae (all Rhinoviruses, Cardioviruses and Boxsackie A , Echoviruses, enteroviruses (hepatitis A), hepatitis B virus and delta agent, polio I, II, III, Calici-Viridae, Orbiviridae, Rubiviridae, Orthomyxo viridae (influenza A, B, C), Paramyxoviridae (parainfluenza, Mumps), Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae, NANB hepatitis viruses, Nor walk, Ebola and Marburg viruses.
Zu den Krankheiten, die nach Erkenntnissen des Erfinders direkt
oder indirekt durch Viren und/oder Viroide verursacht werden und
deshalb mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Arzneimittel behandelt wer
den können, gehören z. B.
das Parkinson-Syndrom, die Alzheimersche Erkrankung, Arthrosen
und Arthritiden/Gicht, Erkrankungen des rheumatischen Formen
kreises, Asthma, die Nephropathia epidemica, Multiple Sklerose,
der insulinabhängige Diabetes mellitus, Neuritiden, Dermatiden,
Auto-Immunkrankheiten und die Psoriasis.Diseases which, according to the inventor's knowledge, are caused directly or indirectly by viruses and / or viroids and can therefore be treated with a medicament according to the invention include: B.
Parkinson's syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, arthrosis and arthritis / gout, diseases of the rheumatic type, asthma, nephropathia epidemica, multiple sclerosis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, neuritis, dermatids, autoimmune diseases and psoriasis.
Weiter gehören zu den Krankheiten, die nach den Erkenntnissen des Erfinders mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Arzneimittel behandelt werden können benigne und maligne Tumore, insbesondere des Ma gen-Darm-Trakts, der Lungen, des Gehirns, der Haut und des Geni tale (insbesondere Prostata-Karzinome und -sarkome, Zervix- und Mammakarzinome, Blasenhalsadenome), aber auch pathogen prolife rative oder neoplastische Prozesse wie Leukämien, Erythrämien und Erythro-Leukämien.Next belong to the diseases, according to the knowledge treated by the inventor with a medicament according to the invention benign and malignant tumors, especially of the Ma gene tract, lungs, brain, skin and geni tale (especially prostate carcinomas and sarcomas, cervical and Breast cancer, bladder neck adenoma), but also pathogenic prolife rative or neoplastic processes such as leukaemias, erythremias and erythro-leukaemias.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Arzneimittel kann in gelöster Form oder in Form einer pharmazeutischen Zubereitung intravenös, intramusku lär, oral und rektal verabreicht werden oder auch für die exter ne Anwendung (z. B. bei durch Herpes-simplex verursachten Läsio nen) zu Salben, Cremes, Pudern, Lotions, Ölen oder Emulsionen verarbeitet werden. Für die orale Anwendung kommen insbesondere Tabletten oder Kapseln - auch magensaft-resistente - in Frage. Für die Injektion oder Infusion kommen die bekannten Lösungs- und Aufbereitungsverfahren zur Anwendung.A medicament according to the invention can be in dissolved form or in Form of pharmaceutical preparation intravenously, intramuscularly Lär, oral and rectally administered or for the external ne application (e.g. for lesions caused by herpes simplex to ointments, creams, powders, lotions, oils or emulsions are processed. For oral use in particular Tablets or capsules - also gastric juice-resistant - are possible. The well-known solution for injection or infusion and processing methods for use.
Die wirksame Dosis eines erfindungsgemäßen Arzneimittels hängt außer von der jeweils verwendeten spezifischen Substanz nach Formel (Ia-e) von einer Reihe weiterer Faktoren ab, wie z. B. Art und Schwere der Erkrankung, Allgemeinzustand und Alter des Behandelten sowie - bei HIV-Infektionen/AIDS zum Beispiel - von Art und Schwere der assoziierten Infektionen und Erkrankungen. Im allgemeinen dürfte die Dosis bei interner Anwendung pro kg/ pro Tag zwischen 0,5 mg und 15 mg und damit etwa in der Größen ordnung bakterieller Antibiotika liegen. Die wirksame Dosis kann in Einzelfällen aber auch wesentlich über oder unter dieser Dosis liegen. Die Gesamtdosis kann auf 2 bis 6 Gaben pro Tag verteilt werden.The effective dose of a drug according to the invention depends except for the specific substance used Formula (Ia-e) on a number of other factors, such as. B. Type and severity of the disease, general condition and age of the Treated and - in the case of HIV infections / AIDS for example - by Type and severity of the associated infections and diseases. In general, the internal dose per kg / between 0.5 mg and 15 mg per day and thus roughly in size order bacterial antibiotics. The effective dose in individual cases it can also be significantly above or below this Dose. The total dose can be 2 to 6 doses per day be distributed.
Bei externer Anwendung sollte die Konzentration der Substanz nach Formel (Ia-e) zwischen 50 und 1000 Mikrogramm (0,05 bis 1 mg) pro Gramm Arzneimittel-Grundlage betragen.With external use, the concentration of the substance according to formula (Ia-e) between 50 and 1000 micrograms (0.05 to 1 mg) per gram of drug base.
Im Folgenden wird an Hand von Beispielen die Wirkung einer Substanz nach Formel (Ia-e) aufgezeigt.In the following, the effect of a Substance shown according to formula (Ia-e).
Eine chronisch HIV-infizierte CD4⁺ T-Zell-Linie (MOLT-4, ATCC CRL 1582, J. Minowada, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York) wurde über einen Zeitraum von 7 Tagen in Anwesenheit von Sarsasapogenin (3β-Hydroxy-5β,25S Spirostan) kultiviert.A chronically HIV-infected CD4⁺ T cell line (MOLT-4, ATCC CRL 1582, J. Minowada, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York) was present for a period of 7 days cultivated by sarsasapogenin (3β-hydroxy-5β, 25S spirostan).
Kontroll-Kulturen wurden während des gleichen Zeitraums mit Lösungsmittel behandelt.Control cultures were used during the same period Treated solvent.
Die Zellen wuchsen in 50 cm3-Kulturflaschen in 5 ml eines RPMI 1640-Mediums mit einem Zusatz von 10% fetalem Kälber-Serum (FCS) bei 37° Celsius und 5% CO2-Begasung.The cells grew in 50 cm 3 culture bottles in 5 ml of RPMI 1640 medium with the addition of 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) at 37 ° Celsius and 5% CO 2 gassing.
Während die zu therapierenden Kulturen in Abständen von etwa 6 Stunden mit 200 µl (entsprechend 26 µg Sarsasapogenin pro ml Me dium) einer Stocklösung (0,65 mg Sarsasapogenin in 1 ml 45%igem Glycerol gelöst) behandelt wurden, erhielten die Kontrollen die gleiche Menge 45%iges Glycerol.While the cultures to be treated at intervals of about 6 Hours with 200 µl (corresponding to 26 µg sarsasapogenin per ml Me dium) a stock solution (0.65 mg sarsasapogenin in 1 ml 45% Controls were given the controls equal amount of 45% glycerol.
Um eine Anreicherung des Lösungsmittels in den Kulturen zu ver meiden, wurden die Zellen vor jedem Nachdosieren mit 1000 rpm fünf Minuten zentrifugiert, das alte Medium verworfen und das Pellet in frischem Medium aufgenommen.In order to verify an accumulation of the solvent in the cultures should be avoided, the cells were rinsed at 1000 rpm before each subsequent dosing centrifuged for five minutes, discarded the old medium and that Pellet taken up in fresh medium.
Nach 7 Tagen (gleich 28 Behandlungsschritten) wurden Proben der Kulturüberstände für den HIV-1 p24 Core-Profile ELISA-Test (DU PONT Nen) entnommen, gemäß Originalprotokoll verarbeitet und die jeweiligen-Gehalte an p24 ermittelt.After 7 days (equal to 28 treatment steps), samples of the Culture supernatants for the HIV-1 p24 core profile ELISA test (DU PONT Nen), processed according to the original protocol and the respective contents of p24 determined.
Eine chronisch HIV-infizierte CD4⁺ T-Zell-Linie (MOLT-4, ATCC CRL 1582, J. Minowada, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York) wurde über einen Zeitraum von 7 Tagen in Anwesenheit von Sarsasapogenin (3β-Hydroxy-5β,25S Spirostan) kultiviert.A chronically HIV-infected CD4⁺ T cell line (MOLT-4, ATCC CRL 1582, J. Minowada, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York) was present for a period of 7 days cultivated by sarsasapogenin (3β-hydroxy-5β, 25S spirostan).
Kontroll-Kulturen wurden während des gleichen Zeitraums mit Lösungsmittel behandelt.Control cultures were used during the same period Treated solvent.
Die Zellen wuchsen in 50 cm3-Kulturflaschen in 5 ml eines RPMI 1640-Mediums mit einem Zusatz von 10% fetalem Kälber-Serum (FCS) bei 37° Celsius und 5% CO2-Begasung. The cells grew in 50 cm 3 culture bottles in 5 ml of RPMI 1640 medium with the addition of 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) at 37 ° Celsius and 5% CO 2 gassing.
Während die zu therapierenden Kulturen in Abständen von 12 Stun den mit 200 µl (entsprechend 26 µg Sarsasapogenin pro ml Medium) einer Stocklösung (0,65 mg Sarsasapogenin in 1 ml 45%igem Gly cerol gelöst) behandelt wurden, erhielten die Kontrollen die gleiche Menge 45%iges Glycerol.While the cultures to be treated are at intervals of 12 hours with 200 µl (corresponding to 26 µg sarsasapogenin per ml medium) a stock solution (0.65 mg sarsasapogenin in 1 ml 45% Gly cerol dissolved), the controls received the equal amount of 45% glycerol.
Um eine Anreicherung des Lösungsmittels in den Kulturen zu ver meiden, wurden die Zellen vor jedem Nachdosieren mit 1000 rpm fünf Minuten zentrifugiert, das alte Medium verworfen und das Pellet in frischem Medium aufgenommen.In order to verify an accumulation of the solvent in the cultures should be avoided, the cells were rinsed at 1000 rpm before each subsequent dosing centrifuged for five minutes, discarded the old medium and that Pellet taken up in fresh medium.
Nach 7 Tagen wurden Proben der Kulturüberstände für den HIV-1 p24 Core-Profile ELISA-Test (DU PONT Nen) entnommen, gemäß Ori ginalprotokoll verarbeitet und die jeweiligen Gehalte an p24 ermittelt.After 7 days, the culture supernatants were sampled for HIV-1 p24 Core Profile ELISA test (DU PONT Nen) taken according to Ori ginalprotocol processed and the respective contents of p24 determined.
In beiden Testreihen war der Gehalt an HIV-1 p24 in den mit Sar sasapogenin behandelten Kulturen gegenüber den lediglich mit Glycerol behandelten Kulturen deutlich (jeweils um 45%) vermin dert.In both test series, the HIV-1 p24 content was in the Sar group cultures treated with sasapogenin compared to those with only Reduce glycerol-treated cultures significantly (in each case by 45%) different.
Zytotoxische Effekte wurden bei den verwendeten Konzentrationen nicht beobachtet.Cytotoxic effects were observed at the concentrations used not observed.
Obwohl sich mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit durch Verwendung eines anderen Sapogenins unter den gewählten in-vitro-Bedingungen eine Inhibition der Replikation von HIV bis zu 100% hätte erreichen lassen, hat der Erfinder Sarsasapogenin (3β-Hydroxy-5β,25S Spi rostan) für die in-vitro-Tests ausgewählt, weil er auf Grund seiner Kenntnis der Replikations- und Spleissmechanismen davon überzeugt ist, daß diese Substanz in-vivo die Replikation von HIV in allen durch das Virus infizierten oder infizierbaren Zel len zuverlässig verhindert.Although there is a high probability of using a other sapogenins under the chosen in vitro conditions Inhibition of HIV replication could have reached up to 100% the inventor Sarsasapogenin (3β-Hydroxy-5β, 25S Spi rostan) for the in vitro tests because he was selected his knowledge of the replication and splicing mechanisms thereof is convinced that this substance replicates in vivo HIV in all cells infected or infectable by the virus len reliably prevented.
Wie u. a. das Beispiel Glycirrhizin zeigt, sind in-vitro Ergeb nisse nicht immer auf in-vivo-Verhältnisse projizierbar. Letzt lich ist die vom Erfinder postulierte Wirkung eines erfindungs gemäßen Arzneimittels nur in vivo nachzuweisen, da die selektiv inhibierende Wirkung von Substanzen der Formel (Ia-e) auf spezi fische virale, viroidale oder onkogene mRNAs - wie weiter oben bereits ausgeführt - auf der kompetitiven Hemmung von aktivier ten Komplexen (HRPs) aus einem humanen (Processing-) Hormon und einem Rezeptorprotein beruht. Der Ersatz von Humanserum durch Fetales-Kälber-Serum (FCS), der wohl weniger aus Kostengründen, als aus Gründen der weltweiten Standardisierung der in-vitro- Testsysteme erfolgt, mußte die Wirkung eines erfindungsgemäßen Arzneimittels vorhersehbar beeinträchtigen.How u. a. the example shows glycirrhizine are in vitro results nisse not always projectable on in vivo conditions. Last one Lich is the effect of an invention postulated by the inventor according to the drug only in vivo because the selective inhibitory effect of substances of formula (Ia-e) on spec fish viral, viroidal or oncogenic mRNAs - as above already carried out - on the competitive inhibition of activ complexes (HRPs) from a human (processing) hormone and is based on a receptor protein. The replacement of human serum with Fetal Calf Serum (FCS), which is probably less for cost reasons, than for reasons of global standardization of in vitro Test systems carried out, had the effect of an inventive Predictably affect the drug.
Hinzu kommt, daß die Regulation der Replikation von HIV unter physiologischen Bedingungen (in-vivo) letztlich nicht 100%ig durch in-vitro Testsysteme reproduzierbar ist. Auch sind Inter ferenzen oder Wechselwirkungen zwischen den onkogenen Mecha nismen der Immortalisierung der Testzellen und viralen Trans kriptions- und Regulationsmechanismen nicht mit Sicherheit auszuschließen. In addition, the regulation of replication of HIV under physiological conditions (in vivo) ultimately not 100% is reproducible by in-vitro test systems. Inter interference or interactions between the oncogenic mecha mechanisms of immortalization of test cells and viral trans mechanisms of writing and regulation are not certain to exclude.
Der Erfinder, der seit einiger Zeit an einer Prostata-Geschwulst und daraus resultierenden Miktionsstörungen leidet, hat sich - obwohl er sich der mangelnden Aussaggekraft eines solchen Tests bewußt ist - einem Selbstversuch unterzogen und über einen Zeit raum von 8 Wochen beginnend mit 2× 250 mg pro Tag bis zu 2× 800 mg Sarsasapogenin pro Tag eingenommen. Er hat dabei eine objek tive Besserung seiner Beschwerden beobachtet: nach ca. 14 Tagen waren die Miktionsstörungen so gut wie behoben - nach 4 Wochen völlig verschwunden und die Geschwulst nicht mehr tastbar. Dem gegenüber konnte der Erfinder keine pathologischen Reaktionen oder Veränderungen an sich selbst beobachten. Auch seine Blut bilder waren während der Laufzeit des Versuchs ohne pathologi schen Befund.The inventor who has had a prostate tumor for some time and the resulting micturition disorder, despite the lack of informative value of such a test is conscious - self-experimented and over time 8 weeks from 2 × 250 mg per day up to 2 × 800 mg of sarsasapogenin taken per day. He has an objek Active improvement in his symptoms observed: after about 14 days the micturition disorders were almost eliminated - after 4 weeks completely gone and the tumor no longer palpable. The the inventor was unable to respond to pathological reactions or watch changes in yourself. His blood too images were without pathology during the experiment finding.
Claims (21)
daß der Substituent R7 stets β-ständig, die Substituenten R8, R11, R13 und R14 stets α-ständig sind - die Ringe B/C und C/D also stets trans- und die Ringe D/E stets cis-ver knüpft sind. Die Ringe A/B können sowohl cis- (5β-R4) als auch trans-verknüpft (5α-R4) sein. Zwischen C4 und C5, C5 und C6, C12 und C13 sowie zwischen C13 und C14 kann eine Doppelbindung vorliegen. Die Konfiguration an C22 und C25 kann jeweils R oder S sein.
Weiter gilt:
Die Substituenten R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R9, R10, R12, R16, R17, R18 und R19 können unabhängig voneinander ein H-Atom, eine Hydroxy- oder eine Amino-Gruppe in α- oder β-Stellung sein.
R8, R11, R13 und R14 können unabhängig voneinander ein H-Atom, eine Hydroxy- oder Amino-Gruppe in α-Stellung sein. Wenn zwischen C12 und C13 oder C13 und C14 eine Doppel bindung vorliegt, entfällt R0. R14 kann dann eine Methyl gruppe oder ein H-Atom sein.
Wenn der Ring A aromatisch ist, entfallen die Substituenten R4 und RD. R1 und R3 können dann unabhängig voneinander eine Methyl- oder Hydroxymethylgruppe sein.
R7 und R15 können unabhängig voneinander ein H-Atom, eine Hydroxy- oder eine Amino-Gruppe in β-Stellung
R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R9, R10, R12, R16, R17 und R19 unab hängig voneinander eine Oxogruppe sein.
Außerdem gilt, daß jede Hydroxy- oder Amino-Gruppe mit einem Zucker glykosidiert, mit einem Alkohol alkyliert oder mit einer Säure acyliert sein kann.1. Medicament containing one or more compounds of the general formula (Ia-e) for which generally applies
that the substituent R7 is always β-permanent, the substituents R8, R11, R13 and R14 are always α-permanent - the rings B / C and C / D are therefore always trans- and the rings D / E are always cis-linked. Rings A / B can be cis- (5β-R4) or trans-linked (5α-R4). A double bond can exist between C4 and C5, C5 and C6, C12 and C13 and between C13 and C14. The configuration on C22 and C25 can be R or S, respectively.
The following also applies:
The substituents R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R9, R10, R12, R16, R17, R18 and R19 can independently of one another be an H atom, a hydroxyl or an amino group in the α or β position be.
R8, R11, R13 and R14 can independently of one another be an H atom, a hydroxyl or amino group in the α-position. If there is a double bond between C12 and C13 or C13 and C14, R0 is omitted. R14 can then be a methyl group or an H atom.
If the ring A is aromatic, the substituents R4 and RD are omitted. R1 and R3 can then independently of one another be a methyl or hydroxymethyl group.
R7 and R15 can independently of one another an H atom, a hydroxy or an amino group in the β-position
R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R9, R10, R12, R16, R17 and R19 can be an oxo group independently of one another.
In addition, any hydroxyl or amino group may be glycosidated with a sugar, alkylated with an alcohol, or acylated with an acid.
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