DE4114487A1 - High-output hot cathode for electronic appts. - has tantalum@ support to which tungsten-thorium pieces are applied - Google Patents
High-output hot cathode for electronic appts. - has tantalum@ support to which tungsten-thorium pieces are appliedInfo
- Publication number
- DE4114487A1 DE4114487A1 DE19914114487 DE4114487A DE4114487A1 DE 4114487 A1 DE4114487 A1 DE 4114487A1 DE 19914114487 DE19914114487 DE 19914114487 DE 4114487 A DE4114487 A DE 4114487A DE 4114487 A1 DE4114487 A1 DE 4114487A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cathode according
- following
- thorium
- cathode
- tungsten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- WLTSUBTXQJEURO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Th] WLTSUBTXQJEURO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004369 ThO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/14—Solid thermionic cathodes characterised by the material
Landscapes
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die in elektronischen Anordnungen verwendeten Kathoden auf Wolfram/Thorium Basis verwenden thoriertes Wolfram. Dem Wolfram wird ThO₂ zugesetzt, das durch einen Reduziervorgang aktiviert wird. Das Wolfram selbst wird als Trägermetall benutzt.The cathodes used in electronic assemblies Tungsten / thorium base use thoriated tungsten. The tungsten ThO₂ is added, which is activated by a reducing process becomes. The tungsten itself is used as a carrier metal.
Bei der Kathode nach der Erfindung wird ein besonderer Träger aus einem hochschmelzenden Metall benutzt. Das Trägermetall muß gut verformbar sein, was für thoriertes Wolfram nicht zutrifft. Das Trägermetall muß bei Betriebstemperatur (ca. 1970° Kelvin) noch genügend mechanische Festigkeit besitzen. Beispielsweise lassen sich Tantal oder Niob verwenden. Auch Legierungen lassen sich benutzen. Auf dem Trägermetall werden kleine Wolfram-Stücke mittels Thorium aufgeschmolzen. Dieser Vorgang wird im Hochvakuum durchgeführt.The cathode according to the invention is a special carrier made of a high-melting metal. The carrier metal must be easily deformable, which is not the case for thoriated tungsten. The carrier metal must be at operating temperature (approx. 1970 ° Kelvin) still have sufficient mechanical strength. For example tantalum or niobium can be used. Also Alloys can be used. Be on the carrier metal small pieces of tungsten melted using thorium. This The process is carried out in a high vacuum.
Die Kathode nach der Erfindung hat den großen Vorteil, daß sie weitgehend dem Verwendungszweck angepaßt werden kann. Der Träger wird durch Stromdurchgang geheizt oder durch eine Hilfsentladung. Der Träger kann einseitig oder beidseitig aktiviert werden. Durch eine entsprechende Formgebung kann der Träger versteift werden, was beispielsweise durch Abwinkeln der Kanten oder durch Eindrücken von Sicken geschehen kann. Nicht aktivierte Flächen lassen sich zur Verminderung der Heizleistung thermisch abschirmen. An den Zuführungen des Trägerheizstromes lassen sich zur Vergleichmäßigung der Trägertemperatur die Querschnitte verringern.The cathode according to the invention has the great advantage that it can largely be adapted to the intended use. The carrier is heated by electrical continuity or by an auxiliary discharge. The carrier can be activated on one or both sides. The carrier can be stiffened by appropriate shaping be what, for example, by bending the edges or can be done by pressing beads. Not activated Areas can be used to reduce the heating output shield thermally. At the feeds of the carrier heating current can be used to even out the carrier temperature Reduce cross sections.
Die Kathode kann in allen elektronischen Vakuumgeräten Verwendung finden. Sie ist sehr widerstandsfähig gegen Ionenbeschuß. Da hohe Emissionen auf kleiner Fläche konzentriert werden können, ist die Anwendung auf Sende- und Verstärkerröhren sehr vorteilhaft. Es werden hohe Emissionen bei kleinen Kapazitäten erreicht. Die Verwendung von 3 oder 4 Elektroden-Senderröhren wird nach kürzeren Wellenlängen bei vergrößerter Leistung erweitert. The cathode can be used in all electronic vacuum devices Find. It is very resistant to ion bombardment. Because high emissions are concentrated in a small area is the application on transmitter and amplifier tubes very advantageous. There are high emissions with small ones Capacities reached. The use of 3 or 4 electrode transmitter tubes becomes shorter after shorter wavelengths at enlarged Performance expanded.
In Abb. 1 sind beispielsweise die Elektroden einer Sendetriode dargestellt, 1 stellt die Kathode mit abgewinkelten Kanten dar, 2 ihre Heizzuführungen, 3 die Steuerelektrode, Gitter genannt und 4 die Anode. Das Gitter besteht beispielsweise aus Molybdän-Drähten, die zwischen wassergekühlten Röhren ausgespannt sind. Sie können ganz oder teilweise mit Zirkon-Pulver besprüht sein. Auch die Anode 4 ist wassergekühlt. Der Aufbau des Systems kann flach gestaltet werden, damit die am Ende gekühlten Gitterdrähte kurz gehalten werden können. Fig. 1 shows, for example, the electrodes of a transmitter triode, 1 represents the cathode with angled edges, 2 its heating leads, 3 the control electrode, called the grid, and 4 the anode. For example, the grid consists of molybdenum wires stretched between water-cooled tubes. They can be sprayed with zircon powder in whole or in part. The anode 4 is also water-cooled. The structure of the system can be designed flat so that the grid wires cooled at the end can be kept short.
Abb. 2 stellt das Schema einer Gegentakt-Triode dar, 5 ist die Kathode, die aus einem Band besteht, das auf beiden Seiten aktiviert ist. 6 sind die beiden Steuergitter und 7 die beiden Anoden. Die schematisch dargestellten Röhren befinden sich in einem Vakuumgefäß, wobei beim Betrieb mit kurzen Wellen, die Zuleitungen in bekannter Weise induktivitätsarm gestaltet werden. Fig. 2 shows the diagram of a push-pull triode, 5 is the cathode, which consists of a band that is activated on both sides. 6 are the two control grids and 7 are the two anodes. The tubes shown schematically are located in a vacuum vessel, the feed lines being designed with low inductance in a known manner when operating with short shafts.
Entladungsgefäße mit Kathoden nach der Erfindung lassen sich auch mit Vorteil zum Kommutieren mechanischer Stromrichter für höhe Ströme bei hohen Spannungen verwenden. Die Induktivität der Zuleitungen spielt dann keine Rolle, wohl aber die große Emission der Kathode, die die Anwendung in der Starkstromtechnik ermöglicht.Discharge vessels with cathodes according to the invention can be also advantageous for commutating mechanical converters use for high currents at high voltages. The inductance the feed lines then do not matter, but the large emission of the cathode, which is the application in power engineering enables.
So kann auch das Unterbrechen von Schalterlichtbögen bei hohen Spannungen und hohen Strömen bewirkt werden, was besondere Vorteile bei der Abschaltung großer Gleichstromleistungen besitzt.This can also interrupt switch arcs at high Voltages and high currents are caused, which is special Advantages when switching off large direct current outputs owns.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19914114487 DE4114487A1 (en) | 1991-05-03 | 1991-05-03 | High-output hot cathode for electronic appts. - has tantalum@ support to which tungsten-thorium pieces are applied |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19914114487 DE4114487A1 (en) | 1991-05-03 | 1991-05-03 | High-output hot cathode for electronic appts. - has tantalum@ support to which tungsten-thorium pieces are applied |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE4114487A1 true DE4114487A1 (en) | 1992-11-05 |
Family
ID=6430918
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19914114487 Withdrawn DE4114487A1 (en) | 1991-05-03 | 1991-05-03 | High-output hot cathode for electronic appts. - has tantalum@ support to which tungsten-thorium pieces are applied |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE4114487A1 (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE889811C (en) * | 1940-12-11 | 1953-09-14 | Telefunken Gmbh | Thorium oxide paste cathode for electrical discharge vessels |
| DE962461C (en) * | 1950-12-18 | 1957-04-25 | Dr Hermann E Krefft | Incandescent electrode for electric high pressure and super high pressure discharge lamps |
| US2879432A (en) * | 1956-03-16 | 1959-03-24 | Gen Electric | Electron emitter |
| GB953023A (en) * | 1961-01-02 | 1964-03-25 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | A sintered electrode |
| DE1166385B (en) * | 1964-03-26 | Iapatelholdia Patentverwertung | Incandescent cathode for electron tubes and process for their manufacture | |
| GB1170880A (en) * | 1967-06-21 | 1969-11-19 | Siemens Ag | Improvements in or relating to thorium-film thermionic cathodes for electrical discharge vessels. |
| DE2454569B2 (en) * | 1974-10-25 | 1978-01-19 | BBC AG Brown, Boveri & Ge, Baden, Aargau (Schweiz) | REACTION CATHODE |
| DE2919028A1 (en) * | 1979-04-20 | 1980-10-30 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | ELECTRIC DISCHARGE VESSEL |
-
1991
- 1991-05-03 DE DE19914114487 patent/DE4114487A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1166385B (en) * | 1964-03-26 | Iapatelholdia Patentverwertung | Incandescent cathode for electron tubes and process for their manufacture | |
| DE889811C (en) * | 1940-12-11 | 1953-09-14 | Telefunken Gmbh | Thorium oxide paste cathode for electrical discharge vessels |
| DE962461C (en) * | 1950-12-18 | 1957-04-25 | Dr Hermann E Krefft | Incandescent electrode for electric high pressure and super high pressure discharge lamps |
| US2879432A (en) * | 1956-03-16 | 1959-03-24 | Gen Electric | Electron emitter |
| GB953023A (en) * | 1961-01-02 | 1964-03-25 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | A sintered electrode |
| GB1170880A (en) * | 1967-06-21 | 1969-11-19 | Siemens Ag | Improvements in or relating to thorium-film thermionic cathodes for electrical discharge vessels. |
| DE1614541A1 (en) * | 1967-06-21 | 1970-08-20 | Siemens Ag | Thorium film cathode for electrical discharge vessels |
| DE2454569B2 (en) * | 1974-10-25 | 1978-01-19 | BBC AG Brown, Boveri & Ge, Baden, Aargau (Schweiz) | REACTION CATHODE |
| DE2919028A1 (en) * | 1979-04-20 | 1980-10-30 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | ELECTRIC DISCHARGE VESSEL |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| GLASCOCK Jr., H.H.: Tungsten dendrite- thorium carbide caxthode, In: Rev. Sci. Instrum, Vol. 47, No. 1, 1976, S. 90/91 * |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8120 | Willingness to grant licenses paragraph 23 | ||
| 8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
| 8180 | Miscellaneous part 1 |
Free format text: IM HEFT 14/95, SEITE 4572 SP.2: DIE VEROEFFENTLICHUNG IST ZU STREICHEN |
|
| 8130 | Withdrawal |