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DE4110329A1 - Dense, elastically bonded high temp. ceramic material - mfd. by calcining mullite, starch and/or cellulose@ fibres at 1600 deg. celsius in air - Google Patents

Dense, elastically bonded high temp. ceramic material - mfd. by calcining mullite, starch and/or cellulose@ fibres at 1600 deg. celsius in air

Info

Publication number
DE4110329A1
DE4110329A1 DE19914110329 DE4110329A DE4110329A1 DE 4110329 A1 DE4110329 A1 DE 4110329A1 DE 19914110329 DE19914110329 DE 19914110329 DE 4110329 A DE4110329 A DE 4110329A DE 4110329 A1 DE4110329 A1 DE 4110329A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
air
mfd
mullite
dense
cellulose
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19914110329
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Sigismund Prof Dr Kienow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19914110329 priority Critical patent/DE4110329A1/en
Publication of DE4110329A1 publication Critical patent/DE4110329A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632Organic additives
    • C04B35/636Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • C04B35/6365Cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/04Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of synthetic material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/16Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
    • C04B35/18Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
    • C04B35/185Mullite 3Al2O3-2SiO2
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632Organic additives
    • C04B35/636Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/28Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/284Selection of ceramic materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00Casings, e.g. crankcases
    • F02F7/0085Materials for constructing engines or their parts
    • F02F7/0087Ceramic materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/614Fibres or filaments

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

A dense high-temp. material is mfd. by calcining potato starch and/or cellulose fibres, with mullite at 1600 deg. C in the presence of air, thus forming a bond with a high degree of elasticity. The material is mfd. by calcining mullite particles, long cellulose fibres, boric acid and ferric oxide at 1600 deg. C in the presence of air. USE/ADVANTAGE - It is claimed that the material can be used in gas turbines, car and aircraft engines, ships' propellers and space rockets, and for automobile bodywork and driven parts. On heating and cooling in operation, the material does not change its volume or shape. When used, for example, as a turbine blade coating material, it is claimed to have better adhesion than more expensive materials e.g. silicon nitride

Description

Die Erfindung stellt einen dichten keramischen Hochtemperatur- Werkstoff bereit, der im betrieblichen Einsatz beim Erhitzen und Abkühlen sein Volumen und seine Form nicht ändert.The invention provides a dense high temperature ceramic Material ready for use in heating and Cooling does not change its volume and shape.

Dichte keramische Bauteile werden unter anderem zur Herstellung von monolithischen Turbinenrändern eingesetzt. Hierzu wird zum Beispiel für PKW-Gasturbinen heißgepreßtes Siliciumnitrid verwandt. Dieses Material hat hohe Festigkeit und Härte, erfordert aber Zusätze von Sinterhilfsmitteln, welche die Eigenschaften drastisch verschlechtern. Daher entstehen bei der hohen Drehzahl der Schaufelräder leicht Risse, welche die Haltbarkeit herabsetzen.Dense ceramic components are used, among other things, for manufacturing used by monolithic turbine edges. For this purpose, the Example of car gas turbines hot-pressed silicon nitride related. This material has high strength and hardness, but requires additions of sintering aids, which the Properties deteriorate drastically. Therefore arise at the high speed of the paddle wheels easily cracks the Reduce durability.

Um bessere Haltbarkeiten zu erzielen, wird vorgeschlagen, die Schaufelräder aus dem nachstehend beschriebenen Werkstoff nach der Erfindung herzustellen. Dieser soll hochelastisch sein und im betrieblichen Einsatz weder beim Erhitzen, noch beim Abkühlen sein Volumen und seine Form ändern, so daß der Eindruck ent­ steht, er hätte keine thermische Ausdehnung.To achieve better durability, it is suggested that Bucket wheels made of the material described below  to manufacture the invention. This should be highly elastic and in operational use neither when heating nor when cooling change its volume and shape, so that the impression ent stands, he had no thermal expansion.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird Mullit 3 Al2O3 · 2 SiO2 zusammen mit Kartoffelstärke, beide Komponenten in gleicher Korngröße zwischen 0,01 und 0,10 mm unter hohem Druck trockengepreßt. Anstelle von Stärke können auch Zellulosefasern eingesetzt werden, die wegen ihrer größeren Längen die Mullitteilchen miteinander verbinden und das Werkstoffgefüge verfestigen. Die Rohlinge werden bei 1600°C unter Luftzufuhr gebrannt. Dabei gehen die Stärke oder die Zellulosefasern in einen hochelasti­ schen Dextrin über, der auch als Stärkegummi bezeichnet wird und fest an den Oberflächen der Mullitteilchen klebt.To solve this problem, mullite 3 Al 2 O 3 .2 SiO 2 is pressed together with potato starch, both components in the same grain size between 0.01 and 0.10 mm, under high pressure. Instead of starch, cellulose fibers can also be used, which because of their longer lengths connect the mullite particles to one another and strengthen the material structure. The blanks are fired at 1600 ° C with air supply. The starch or cellulose fibers pass into a highly elastic dextrin, which is also known as starch gum and sticks firmly to the surfaces of the mullite particles.

Wird dieser Werkstoff beispielsweise bei 1350°C in eine Gastur­ bine eingesetzt, dehnen sich die Mullitteilchen geringfügig thermisch aus und pressen dabei den sie umgebenden Dextrin elastisch zusammen. Bei der folgenden Abkühlung wird der Dextrin wieder entlastet, ohne daß der Werkstoff als Ganzes an diesem Prozeß teilnimmt.For example, this material is used in a gas at 1350 ° C When inserted, the mullite particles expand slightly thermally and press the surrounding dextrin elastic together. The following cooling will make the dextrin relieved again without the material as a whole on it Process participates.

Der Werkstoff nach der Erfindung eignet sich auch zum Einsatz in anderen Motorteilen. Da er keine Metalle enthält, benötigt der Motor keine oder nur geringe Kühlung, so daß der Kraftstoff­ verbrauch geringer wird. Auch an anderen Motorteilen wird der neue Werkstoff bessere Haltbarkeiten ergeben, als die zur Zeit eingesetzten Keramiken. Weiterhin eignet er sich für Flugzeug­ motoren und für Weltraumraketen, weil bei der Rückkehr in die Atmosphäre keine Überhitzung zu befürchten ist.The material according to the invention is also suitable for use in other engine parts. Since it contains no metals, it needs Engine no or little cooling, so the fuel consumption becomes lower. It is also used on other engine parts new material gives better durability than that at the moment used ceramics. It is also suitable for aircraft engines and for space rockets because when they return to the Atmosphere there is no fear of overheating.

Bauteile für die Karosserie und Fahrwerksteile für Automobile können aus Hochtemperaturkeramiken hergestellt werden, die außer Mullitteilchen langfasrige Zellulose, Borsäure B2O3 und Eisenoxid Fe2O3 enthalten. Sie werden unter hohem Druck trockengepreßt und wie die oben beschriebenen Werkstoffe unter Luftzufuhr bei 1600°C gesintert. Dabei werden die Mullitteilchen in eine zähe, gummiartige Schmelze eingebettet und durch die Zellulosefasern zu einem bei Lufttemperatur festen Werkstoff mit guter Kaltver­ formbarkeit verbunden. Da die Werkstoffe gegen Witterungsein­ flüsse und Umweltgifte unempfindlich sind, benötigen sie keinen Korrosionsschutz.Components for the body and chassis parts for automobiles can be produced from high-temperature ceramics which, in addition to mullite particles, contain long-fiber cellulose, boric acid B 2 O 3 and iron oxide Fe 2 O 3 . They are pressed dry under high pressure and, like the materials described above, sintered with air supply at 1600 ° C. The mullite particles are embedded in a tough, rubber-like melt and bonded by the cellulose fibers to a material that is solid at air temperature and has good cold formability. Since the materials are insensitive to weather influences and environmental toxins, they do not need corrosion protection.

Claims (5)

1. Dichter Hochtemperatur-Werkstoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er aus Mullit, Kartoffelstärke und/oder Zellulosefa­ sern, die beim Brand bei 1600°C unter Luftzufuhr einen hochelastischen Dextrin bilden, hergestellt wird.1. Dense high-temperature material, characterized in that it is made of mullite, potato starch and / or cellulose fibers, which form a highly elastic dextrin during fire at 1600 ° C with air supply. 2. Dichter Hochtemperatur-Werkstoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er aus Mullitteilchen, langfasriger Zellulose, Borsäure und Eisen-III-Oxid unter Luftzufuhr bei 1600°C gebrannt wird.2. Dense high-temperature material, characterized in that it is made of mullite particles, long-fiber cellulose, boric acid and iron III oxide burned at 1600 ° C. with the supply of air becomes. 3. Hochtemperatur-Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß er in Gasturbinen eingesetzt wird.3. High-temperature material according to claim 1, characterized records that it is used in gas turbines. 4. Hochtemperatur-Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß er in Automotoren, Flugzeugmotoren, Schiffs­ schrauben und Weltraumraketen eingesetzt wird.4. High-temperature material according to claim 1, characterized records that he is in car engines, aircraft engines, ship screws and space rockets is used. 5. Hochtemperatur-Werkstoff nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß er für die Karosserie und/oder Fahrwerksteile von Automobilen eingesetzt wird.5. High-temperature material according to claim 2, characterized records that it for the body and / or chassis parts is used by automobiles.
DE19914110329 1991-03-28 1991-03-28 Dense, elastically bonded high temp. ceramic material - mfd. by calcining mullite, starch and/or cellulose@ fibres at 1600 deg. celsius in air Withdrawn DE4110329A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19914110329 DE4110329A1 (en) 1991-03-28 1991-03-28 Dense, elastically bonded high temp. ceramic material - mfd. by calcining mullite, starch and/or cellulose@ fibres at 1600 deg. celsius in air

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19914110329 DE4110329A1 (en) 1991-03-28 1991-03-28 Dense, elastically bonded high temp. ceramic material - mfd. by calcining mullite, starch and/or cellulose@ fibres at 1600 deg. celsius in air

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE4110329A1 true DE4110329A1 (en) 1992-10-01

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DE19914110329 Withdrawn DE4110329A1 (en) 1991-03-28 1991-03-28 Dense, elastically bonded high temp. ceramic material - mfd. by calcining mullite, starch and/or cellulose@ fibres at 1600 deg. celsius in air

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005102959A1 (en) * 2004-04-21 2005-11-03 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Method for increasing the strength of porous ceramic bodies and bodies made therefrom
CN102010181A (en) * 2010-09-27 2011-04-13 景德镇陶瓷学院 Building ceramic dry-press power formed high-intensity body and preparation method thereof

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005102959A1 (en) * 2004-04-21 2005-11-03 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Method for increasing the strength of porous ceramic bodies and bodies made therefrom
US7381681B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2008-06-03 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Method for increasing the strength of porous ceramic bodies and bodies made therefrom
US7381680B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2008-06-03 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Method for increasing the strength of porous ceramic bodies and bodies made therefrom
CN100564316C (en) * 2004-04-21 2009-12-02 陶氏环球技术公司 Method of enhancing the strength of a porous ceramic body and ceramic bodies formed therefrom
CN102010181A (en) * 2010-09-27 2011-04-13 景德镇陶瓷学院 Building ceramic dry-press power formed high-intensity body and preparation method thereof
CN102010181B (en) * 2010-09-27 2013-02-20 景德镇陶瓷学院 Building ceramic dry-press power formed high-intensity body and preparation method thereof

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