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DE4141580A1 - Exhaust gas particle filter esp. for diesel exhaust - has at least two filter layers of different ceramics between the clean and crude gas sides, the first filter being coarser than the second, giving high sepn. and low pressure loss - Google Patents

Exhaust gas particle filter esp. for diesel exhaust - has at least two filter layers of different ceramics between the clean and crude gas sides, the first filter being coarser than the second, giving high sepn. and low pressure loss

Info

Publication number
DE4141580A1
DE4141580A1 DE4141580A DE4141580A DE4141580A1 DE 4141580 A1 DE4141580 A1 DE 4141580A1 DE 4141580 A DE4141580 A DE 4141580A DE 4141580 A DE4141580 A DE 4141580A DE 4141580 A1 DE4141580 A1 DE 4141580A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
filter
gas side
clean gas
ceramic
porosity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE4141580A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Dietmar Dr Thalheim
Horst Dr Kalfa
Thilo Jenrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Didier Werke AG
Original Assignee
Didier Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Didier Werke AG filed Critical Didier Werke AG
Priority to DE4141580A priority Critical patent/DE4141580A1/en
Publication of DE4141580A1 publication Critical patent/DE4141580A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0226—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being fibrous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B01D39/2082—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being filamentary or fibrous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/56—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D46/62—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition connected in series
    • B01D46/64—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition connected in series arranged concentrically or coaxially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B18/00—Layered products essentially comprising ceramics, e.g. refractory products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/007—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore distribution, e.g. inhomogeneous distribution of pores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/0217—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters the filtering elements having the form of hollow cylindrical bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0654—Support layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/069—Special geometry of layers
    • B01D2239/0695—Wound layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2275/00—Filter media structures for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D2275/20—Shape of filtering material
    • B01D2275/206—Special forms, e.g. adapted to a certain housing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34—Oxidic
    • C04B2237/341—Silica or silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34—Oxidic
    • C04B2237/343—Alumina or aluminates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/84—Joining of a first substrate with a second substrate at least partially inside the first substrate, where the bonding area is at the inside of the first substrate, e.g. one tube inside another tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

The filter has at least two filter layers (1,2,3) between the crude gas side (4) and the clean gas side (5), of different ceramic materials. The leading filter material (2,3), closest to the crude gas side (4), has a coarser porosity than the other filter material (1) nearest to the clean gas side (5). The outer filter materials (2,3) pref. have a greater inner surface area than the inner filter (1), and have a pref. open porosity of 70-90%. The filter (1) near the clean gas side has an open porosity of 35-45%, through a larger mean pore dia. in the outer filters (2,3), and the pore dia. of the inner filter (1) averages less than 10% of the mean pore dia. of the other filters (2,3). The outer filters (2,3) are pref. of ceramic fibres in a matting applied to the inner filter (1), or as a cord wound round the inner filter, or the ceramic fibres can be sprayed on to the inner filter material (1) while suction is applied to the inner filter (1). The inner filter (1), near the clean gas side (5), is pref. a hollow cylindrical body of porous ceramic, with shape stability, and with a lower porosity than the other filter layers (2,3). A number of filters can opt. be assembled within a housing, forming the filter system for clean gas, with ceramic cylinders of fine porosity, and the space between them is filled with a coarse porosity ceramic material and pack them within the housing. ADVANTAGE - The filter gives a high particle sepn. from the exhaust gas, with a low pressure loss in the filter.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Partikelfilter zur Reinigung von Abgasen, insbesondere zur Reinigung von Dieselabgasen, mit keramischem Filtermaterial zwischen der Rohgasseite und der Reingasseite.The invention relates to a particle filter for cleaning Exhaust gases, especially for cleaning diesel exhaust gases, with ceramic filter material between the raw gas side and the Clean gas side.

Für die Rußpartikelfiltration werden verschiedene Typen von Filtermaterialien verwendet. Dabei ist jedoch zwischen der Rohgasseite und der Reingasseite eines jeweiligen Partikelfilters nach dem Stand der Technik nur das gleiche Filtermaterial eingesetzt.Different types of are used for soot particle filtration Filter materials used. However, it is between the Raw gas side and the clean gas side of a respective Particle filter according to the prior art only the same Filter material used.

Es ist bekannt, als Filtermaterial Cordierit als Monolith zu verwenden. Dabei steht für die Ablagerung der Rußpartikel eine grobe innere Oberfläche zur Verfügung. Die durchgängige Porosität ist gering. Sie liegt unter 5%. Der mittlere Durchmesser der durchgängigen Poren ist kleiner als 50 µm. Der Abscheidegrad ist hoch und liegt bei etwa 97%. Der Druckverlustgradient ist klein. Das Filter braucht nur alle vier bis fünf Stunden regeneriert zu werden. Das Filtermaterial ist allerdings empfindlich gegen thermische Spannungen, die vor allem beim Regenerieren des Filters auftreten. Reibt das Filtermaterial, dann sinkt der Abscheidegrad schnell unter 60% ab. It is known to use cordierite as a monolith as a filter material use. It stands for the deposition of the soot particles a rough inner surface is available. The end-to-end Porosity is low. It is below 5%. The middle one The diameter of the continuous pores is less than 50 µm. The degree of separation is high and is around 97%. The Pressure drop gradient is small. The filter only needs everyone to be regenerated for four to five hours. The However, filter material is sensitive to thermal Voltages especially when regenerating the filter occur. If the filter material rubs, it sinks Degree of separation quickly drops below 60%.  

Weiterhin wird nach dem Stand der Technik ein Filtermaterial aus keramischen Fasern verwendet. Ein solches Filtermaterial hat eine sehr grobe durchgängige Porosität und eine grobe innere Oberfläche. Große Partikel werden sicher ausgefiltert. Kleinere Partikel dagegen können auf die Reingasseite gelangen. Es werden hier Abscheidegrade von etwa 70% erreicht. Ein solches Filtermaterial arbeitet als Tiefenfilter.Furthermore, a filter material according to the prior art made of ceramic fibers. Such a filter material has a very coarse and continuous porosity inner surface. Large particles become safe filtered out. Smaller particles, on the other hand, can affect the Get clean gas side. Separation levels of reached about 70%. Such a filter material works as Depth filter.

Außerdem werden Filter aus Poröskeramik in Betracht gezogen. Diese können wie Tiefenfilter wirken, wenn der Durchmesser der durchgängigen Poren ausreichend grob eingestellt wird. Bei mittleren Porendurchmessern unter 100 µm bildet der Ruf auf der Oberfläche des Filtermaterials, speziell an der Rohgasseite, Brücken aus Rußpartikeln. Diese unterstützen die Filterwirkung. Mit solchen Oberflächenfiltern sind Abscheidegrade von nahezu 100% zu erreichen. Allerdings führt die rohgasseitige Brückenbildung zu einer Verstopfung der Poreneingänge. Infolge der sich aufbauenden Rußschicht steigt der Druckverlust im Filtermaterial schnell an, so daß die Intervalle, nach denen das Filtermaterial regeneriert werden muß, kurz sind.Porous ceramic filters are also considered. These can act like depth filters if the diameter of the continuous pores is set sufficiently rough. With average pore diameters of less than 100 µm, the call forms on the surface of the filter material, especially on the Raw gas side, bridges made of soot particles. Support them the filter effect. With such surface filters Achieve separation rates of almost 100%. Indeed the bridging on the raw gas side leads to blockage of the pore entrances. As a result of the soot layer building up the pressure loss in the filter material increases rapidly, so that the intervals after which the filter material regenerates must be short.

In der Patentanmeldung P 40 32 086.3 ist ein Rußpartikelfilter aus Poröskeramik beschrieben.In patent application P 40 32 086.3 there is a Soot particle filter made of porous ceramic described.

In der DE 35 37 976 C1 ist ein Rußpartikelfilter beschrieben, bei dem keramische Platten, vorzugsweise aus keramischen Fasern, verwendet sind.DE 35 37 976 C1 is a soot particle filter described, in the ceramic plates, preferably made of ceramic fibers are used.

In der EP 03 20 458 A1 ist ein Rußpartikelfilter aus Cordierit-Schaumkeramik angegeben. In EP 03 20 458 A1, a soot particle filter is made Cordierite foam ceramic specified.  

In der Firmenschrift "Auto und Umwelt", Daimler-Benz AG, Mai 1985, Seiten 24 bis 28 sind monolithische, keramische Filter und Wickelfilter aus Keramikgarn dargestellt. Letzteres ist in der DE 30 07 642 näher beschrieben.In the company brochure "Auto und Umwelt", Daimler-Benz AG, May 1985, pages 24 to 28 are monolithic, ceramic Filters and wound filters made of ceramic yarn are shown. The latter is described in more detail in DE 30 07 642.

Neben den keramischen Filtern sind auch metallische Filter bekannt. Solche sind in der DE-OS 19 53 304, der AT-PS 2 23 436, in der EP 03 31 885 B1 und in der EP 04 10 200 A1 beschrieben. Bei solchen Filtern lädt sich die Wirkung eines Oberflächenfilters nicht erreichen. Es handelt um Tiefenfilter.In addition to the ceramic filters, there are also metallic filters known. Such are in DE-OS 19 53 304, AT-PS 2 23 436, in EP 03 31 885 B1 and in EP 04 10 200 A1 described. With such filters, the effect of a Do not reach the surface filter. It's about Depth filter.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bei einem Partikelfilter der eingangs genannten Art einen hohen Abscheidegrad der Partikel bei geringem Druckverlustanstieg im Filter zu erreichen.The object of the invention is in a particulate filter a high degree of separation of the type mentioned Particles with little increase in pressure loss in the filter to reach.

Erfindungsgemäß ist obige Aufgabe bei einem Partikelfilter der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß zwischen der Rohgasseite und der Reingasseite wenigstens zwei Filterschichten aus unterschiedlichen keramischen Filtermaterialien angeordnet sind und daß das der Rohgasseite jeweils nähere erste Filtermaterial eine größere durchlässige Porosität aufweist als das der Reingasseite nähere andere Filtermaterial.According to the invention, the above task is for a particle filter of the type mentioned in that between the Raw gas side and the clean gas side at least two Filter layers made of different ceramic Filter materials are arranged and that the Raw gas side each closer to a larger filter material porous porosity than that of the clean gas side other filter material.

Das der Rohgasseite nahe Filtermaterial nimmt als Tiefenfilter einen groben Teil der Partikel, insbesondere die größeren Partikel auf. Das andere Filtermaterial nimmt als Oberflächenfilter die kleineren Partikel auf. Durch das Tiefenfilter ist die auf das Oberflächenfilter wirkende Rußmenge erheblich verkleinert. Dadurch führt die Rußablagerung auf dem Oberflächenfilter nur noch zu einem kleinen Druckverlustanstieg. Es ergibt sich daraus, daß der Filter insgesamt nur einen Druckverlustgradienten aufweist, der in der Größenordnung eines Filters liegt, der insgesamt aus Fasermaterial als Tiefenfilter aufgebaut ist. Durch die Erfindung ist also erreicht, daß einerseits grobe und kleine Partikel abgeschieden werden und daß andererseits im Filtersystem ein geringerer Druckverlustanstieg entsteht, als beim reinen Oberflächenfilter.The filter material close to the raw gas side takes as Depth filter a large part of the particles, in particular the larger particles. The other filter material takes the smaller particles as a surface filter. By the Depth filter is the one that acts on the surface filter Soot amount significantly reduced. This leads the Soot deposits on the surface filter only one  small increase in pressure loss. It follows that the Filter has only a pressure drop gradient overall, which is on the order of a filter, the total is constructed from fiber material as a depth filter. Through the Invention is thus achieved that on the one hand coarse and small Particles are separated and that on the other hand in Filter system there is a lower increase in pressure loss, than with the pure surface filter.

Die als Oberflächenfilter wirkende Filterschicht, die insbesondere aus Poröskeramik besteht, filtert noch feinste Rußpartikel dadurch, daß der auf ihrer Oberfläche abgeschiedene Ruß selbst filternd wirkt. Im Zuge der Beladung mit Ruß nähert sich der Ruß-Abscheidegrad schnell 100%.The filter layer acting as a surface filter, the consists especially of porous ceramics, filters even the finest Soot particles in that the deposited on their surface Soot filters itself. In the course of loading with soot the degree of soot separation quickly approaches 100%.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der folgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen. In der Zeichnung zeigtAdvantageous refinements of the invention result from the dependent claims and the following description of Embodiments. In the drawing shows

Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt einer Keramik-Filterkerze und Fig. 1 shows a cross section of a ceramic filter cartridge and

Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt eines Keramikfilters mit mehreren Filterkerzen. Fig. 2 shows a cross section of a ceramic filter with several filter cartridges.

Die Keramik-Filterkerze nach Fig. 1 besteht aus drei zylindrischen Filterschichten 1, 2, 3, die hintereinander zwischen der Rohgasseite 4 und der Reingasseite 5 angeordnet sind.The ceramic filter candle according to Fig. 1 consists of three cylindrical filter layers 1, 2, 3, one behind the other between the raw gas 4 and the clean gas side 5 are arranged.

Die rohgasseitige Filterschicht 3 und die an sie innen anschließende Filterschicht 2 bestehen aus einem keramischen Fasermaterial. The raw gas-side filter layer 3 and the filter layer 2 adjoining it on the inside consist of a ceramic fiber material.

Als keramisches Fasermaterial nach der vorliegenden Erfindung sind zu verstehen, beispielsweise Fasern mit mehr als 95% Al2O3 wie "Saffil" der Fa. ICI, sogenannte Fasern "1260" bzw. "1400" mit 47 bis 60% Al2O3 und 40 bis 53% SiO2 wie z. B. "Fibrefrax" der Fa. Carborundum, aber auch sogenannte Alumoborosilikatglas-Fasern, wie "Nextel" der Fa. 3M, oder temperaturbeständige glasige- oder Glasfasern und Fasern auf Basis "Silica" mit 99% SiO2.Ceramic fiber material according to the present invention is to be understood as, for example, fibers with more than 95% Al 2 O 3 such as "Saffil" from ICI, so-called fibers "1260" or "1400" with 47 to 60% Al 2 O 3 and 40 to 53% SiO 2 such as. B. "Fibrefrax" from Carborundum, but also so-called aluminum borosilicate glass fibers, such as "Nextel" from 3M, or temperature-resistant glassy or glass fibers and fibers based on "silica" with 99% SiO 2 .

Sie weisen eine hohe durchgängige, offene Porosität von 70% bis 98% mit grober innerer Oberfläche von beispielsweise 50000 m2/m3 auf. Die Filterschichten 2, 3 bestehen aus Matten, Blankets oder gewickelten Schnüren. Das die Filterschichten 2, 3 bildende Fasermaterial kann auch durch Spritzen oder mittels Vacuumsaugen auf die Filterschicht 1 aufgebracht sein.They have a high, continuous, open porosity of 70% to 98% with a coarse inner surface of, for example, 50,000 m 2 / m 3 . The filter layers 2 , 3 consist of mats, blankets or wound cords. The fiber material forming the filter layers 2 , 3 can also be applied to the filter layer 1 by spraying or by means of vacuum suction.

Die durchgängige Porosität der der Rohgasseite 4 entfernteren Filterschicht 2 ist kleiner gewählt als die Porosität der rohgasseitigen Filterschicht 3. Dadurch scheiden sich an der Filterschicht 2 solche, mittelgroßen Partikel ab, die durch die Filterschicht 3 hindurchgehen.The continuous porosity of the filter layer 2 further away from the raw gas side 4 is chosen to be smaller than the porosity of the filter layer 3 on the raw gas side. As a result, such medium-sized particles are deposited on the filter layer 2 and pass through the filter layer 3 .

Die reingasseitige Filterschicht 1 besteht aus einem Formkörper aus Poröskeramik. Solche Poröskeramik ist unter dem Handelsnamen Pantel der Anmelderin marktbekannt. Die Filterschicht 1 weist eine offene Porosität von etwa 35% bis 45% auf. Der mittlere Porendurchmesser der Filterschicht 1 ist wesentlich kleiner als der mittlere "Porendurchmesser" der angrenzenden Filterschicht 2. Der mittlere Porendurchmesser der Filterschicht 1 beträgt weniger als 10% des mittleren "Porendurchmessers" der Filterschicht 2. Die Filterschicht (1) wirkt im Gegensatz zu den Filterschichten 2, 3 als Oberflächenfilter. The clean gas side filter layer 1 consists of a molded body made of porous ceramic. Such porous ceramics are known on the market under the trade name Pantel by the applicant. The filter layer 1 has an open porosity of approximately 35% to 45%. The average pore diameter of the filter layer 1 is significantly smaller than the average "pore diameter" of the adjacent filter layer 2 . The average pore diameter of the filter layer 1 is less than 10% of the average "pore diameter" of the filter layer 2 . In contrast to the filter layers 2 , 3, the filter layer ( 1 ) acts as a surface filter.

Die Bezeichnung "Porendurchmesser" im Zusammenhang mit Faserwerkstoffen ist zumindest unpräzise, da das aus den Einzelfasern aufgebaute Gerüst keine Poren in herkömmlichem Sinne ausbildet.The term "pore diameter" related to Fiber materials is at least imprecise, because that is from the Single-fiber structure, no pores in conventional Trains the senses.

Die Funktionsweise der Filterkerze nach Fig. 1 ist etwa folgende:The functioning of the filter candle according to FIG. 1 is approximately as follows:

Mit Rußpartikeln beladene Dieselabgase gelangen zunächst in die sehr durchlässige Faser-Filterschicht 3, wobei sich in dieser die größeren Filterpartikel ablagern und dann in die zwar weniger, jedoch ebenfalls noch sehr durchlässige Faser-Filterschicht 2, in der sich weitere größere bzw. Mittelgröße Filterpartikel ablagern. Größere und mittlere Rußpartikel gelangen damit kaum auf die Oberfläche 6 der Filterschicht 1, so daß sie diese auch nicht verstopfen können. Die Filterschichten 2, 3 arbeiten also als Tiefenfilter und bilden nur einen geringen Strömungswiderstand, so daß sie auch im partikelbeladenen Zustand zu einem geringen Druckverlustanstieg führen.Diesel exhaust gases loaded with soot particles first enter the very permeable fiber filter layer 3 , in which the larger filter particles are deposited and then in the less, but also still very permeable fiber filter layer 2 , in which further larger or medium-sized filter particles are deposited . Larger and medium soot particles hardly reach the surface 6 of the filter layer 1 so that they cannot clog them. The filter layers 2 , 3 thus work as depth filters and form only a low flow resistance, so that they lead to a slight increase in pressure loss even in the particle-laden state.

An den Poren der Oberfläche 6 der Filterschicht 1 lagern sich nur noch kleinere Rußpartikel an. Diese verengen die Poreneingänge an der Filterschicht 1, was an sich die Filterwirkung unterstützt, so daß auch noch feinste Rußpartikel abgeschieden werden. Die Filterschicht 1 wirkt also als Oberflächenfilter. Somit wird im Endergebnis eine praktisch hundertprozentige Rußabscheidung erreicht. Da die Oberfläche 6 nicht schon durch größere Rußpartikel verstopft wird, steigt auch der auf der Filterschicht 1 beruhende Druckverlust im Laufe des Filterbetriebs nur gering an, so daß sich die Intervalle der Abreinigung der Filterschichten wesentlich verlängern. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß die Abreinigungsintervalle nicht größer sind, als bei einem Faserfilter bzw. Tiefenfilter ohne Oberflächenfilter.Only smaller soot particles are deposited on the pores of the surface 6 of the filter layer 1 . These narrow the pore inlets on the filter layer 1 , which in itself supports the filter effect, so that even the finest soot particles are separated. The filter layer 1 thus acts as a surface filter. The result is a practically one hundred percent soot separation. Since the surface 6 is not already clogged by larger soot particles, the pressure loss based on the filter layer 1 also increases only slightly during the course of the filter operation, so that the intervals for cleaning the filter layers are considerably extended. It has been shown that the cleaning intervals are not longer than in the case of a fiber filter or depth filter without a surface filter.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 ist in einem Gehäuse 7 eine Vielzahl von Filterkerzen 8 verteilt angeordnet. Die Filterkerzen 8 sind aus einer Poröskeramik, wie die anhand von Fig. 1 beschriebene Filterschicht 1.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, a multiplicity of filter candles 8 are arranged in a housing 7 . The filter candles 8 are made of a porous ceramic, such as the filter layer 1 described with reference to FIG. 1 .

Der gesamte Raum außerhalb der Filterkerzen 8 und innerhalb des Gehäuses 7 ist mit einer Filterschicht 9 gefüllt. Diese besteht, wie bei den Filterschichten 2, 3 nach Fig. 1 beschrieben, aus einem keramischen Fasermaterial.The entire space outside the filter candles 8 and inside the housing 7 is filled with a filter layer 9 . As described for the filter layers 2 , 3 according to FIG. 1, this consists of a ceramic fiber material.

Die Funktionsweise des Filters nach Fig. 2 entspricht im wesentlichen der anhand von Fig. 1 beschriebenen Funktionsweise.The mode of operation of the filter according to FIG. 2 essentially corresponds to the mode of operation described with reference to FIG. 1.

Die Filterschicht 9 wirkt als Tiefenfilter mit grober durchlässiger Porosität und grober innerer Oberfläche, so daß sie vor allem größere Rußpartikel von den Oberflächen 6 der Filterkerzen 8 fernhält und kaum zu einem Druckverlust führt. An den als Oberflächenfilter wirkenden Filterkerzen 8 lagern sich dann nur noch kleinere Rußpartikel an, wobei kleinste Rußpartikel in den Filterkerzen 8 zurückgehalten werden.The filter layer 9 acts as a depth filter with a coarse permeable porosity and a coarse inner surface, so that it mainly keeps larger soot particles away from the surfaces 6 of the filter cartridges 8 and hardly leads to a loss of pressure. Only small soot particles are then deposited itself on the surface acts as a filter cartridges 8, wherein the smallest soot particles are retained in the filter cartridges. 8

Bei dem beschrieben Partikelfilter ist auch günstig, daß sich die Filterschichten 1, 2, 3 bzw. 8, 9 gegenseitig stützen. Dadurch wird die mechanische Stabilität und auch die Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit verbessert.In the particle filter described it is also favorable that the filter layers 1 , 2 , 3 and 8 , 9 support each other. This improves the mechanical stability and the resistance to temperature changes.

Claims (13)

1. Partikelfilter zur Reinigung von Abgasen, insbesondere zur Reinigung von Dieselabgasen, mit keramischem Filtermaterial zwischen der Rohgasseite und der Reingasseite, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen der Rohgasseite (4) und der Reingasseite (5) wenigstens zwei Filterschichten (1, 2, 3; 8, 9) aus unterschiedlichen keramischen Filtermaterialien angeordnet sind und daß das der Rohgasseite (4) jeweils nähere erste Filtermaterial (2, 3; 9) eine größere durchlässige Porosität aufweist als das der Reingasseite (5) nähere, andere keramische Filtermaterial (1, 8).1. Particulate filter for cleaning exhaust gases, in particular for cleaning diesel exhaust gases, with ceramic filter material between the raw gas side and the clean gas side, characterized in that between the raw gas side ( 4 ) and the clean gas side ( 5 ) at least two filter layers ( 1 , 2 , 3 ; 8 , 9 ) made of different ceramic filter materials and that the first filter material ( 2 , 3 ; 9 ) closer to the raw gas side ( 4 ) has a larger permeable porosity than that other ceramic filter material ( 1 , 8 ) closer to the clean gas side ( 5 ) ). 2. Partikelfilter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Filtermaterial (2, 3; 9) eine größere innere Oberfläche aufweist als das der Reingasseite (5) nahe Filtermaterial (1; 8). 2. Particulate filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter material ( 2 , 3 ; 9 ) has a larger inner surface than that of the clean gas side ( 5 ) close filter material ( 1 ; 8 ). 3. Partikelfilter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Filtermaterial (2, 3; 9) eine offene Porosität von 70% bis 98% und das Filtermaterial (1; 8) eine offene Porosität von 35% bis 45% aufweist.3. Particle filter according to one of the preceding claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the filter material ( 2 , 3 ; 9 ) has an open porosity of 70% to 98% and the filter material ( 1 ; 8 ) has an open porosity of 35% to 45 % having. 4. Partikelfilter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Filtermaterial (2, 3; 9) einen größeren mittleren Porendurchmesser aufweist als das andere, der Reingasseite (5) nahe Filtermaterial (1; 8).4. Particulate filter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter material ( 2 , 3 ; 9 ) has a larger average pore diameter than the other, the clean gas side ( 5 ) close filter material ( 1 ; 8 ). 5. Partikelfilter nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der mittlere Porendurchmesser des der Reingasseite (5) nahen Filtermaterials (1, 8) weniger als 10% des mittleren Porendurchmessers des Filtermaterials (2, 3; 9) beträgt.5. Particulate filter according to claim 4, characterized in that the average pore diameter of the clean gas side ( 5 ) near filter material ( 1 , 8 ) is less than 10% of the average pore diameter of the filter material ( 2 , 3 ; 9 ). 6. Partikelfilter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Filtermaterial (2, 3; 9) von keramischem Fasermaterial gebildet ist.6. Particulate filter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first filter material ( 2 , 3 ; 9 ) is formed from ceramic fiber material. 7. Partikelfilter nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das keramische Fasermaterial (2, 3) in Form einer Matte auf die der Reingasseite (5) nahe Filterschicht (1) aufgebracht ist. 7. Particle filter according to claim 6, characterized in that the ceramic fiber material ( 2 , 3 ) in the form of a mat on which the clean gas side ( 5 ) close to the filter layer ( 1 ) is applied. 8. Partikelfilter nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das keramische Fasermaterial (2, 3) in Form einer Schnur auf die der Reingasseite (5) nahe Filterschicht (1) aufgewickelt ist.8. Particle filter according to claim 6, characterized in that the ceramic fiber material ( 2 , 3 ) is wound in the form of a cord on the clean gas side ( 5 ) close filter layer ( 1 ). 9. Partikelfilter nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die Filterschichten (2, 3) bildende keramische Fasermaterial auf die der Reingasseite (5) nahe Filterschicht (1) aufgespritzt ist.9. Particulate filter according to claim 6, characterized in that the ceramic fiber material forming the filter layers ( 2 , 3 ) is sprayed onto the filter layer ( 1 ) close to the clean gas side ( 5 ). 10. Partikelfilter nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei der Herstellung das keramische Fasermaterial auf die der Reingasseite (5) nahe Filterschicht (1) aufgesaugt ist.10. Particle filter according to claim 6, characterized in that the ceramic fiber material is sucked onto the clean gas side ( 5 ) near the filter layer ( 1 ) during manufacture. 11. Partikelfilter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die der Reingasseite (5) nahe Filterschicht (1, 8) bildende Filtermaterial ein formstabiler, insbesondere hohlzylinderförmiger, Körper aus Poröskeramik ist.11. Particulate filter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter material ( 1 , 8 ) forming the clean gas side ( 5 ) is a dimensionally stable, in particular hollow cylindrical, body made of porous ceramic. 12. Partikelfilter nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der formstabile, hohlzylinderische, eine Filterschicht (1) bildende Körper aus Poröskeramik mit wenigstens zwei Filterschichten (2, 3) aus keramischem Fasermaterial belegt ist, wobei die an ihm anliegende Filterschicht (2) eine kleinere offene Porosität aufweist als die an die Reingasseite (5) angrenzende Filterschicht (3). 12. Particulate filter according to claim 11, characterized in that the dimensionally stable, hollow cylindrical, a filter layer ( 1 ) forming body made of porous ceramic is covered with at least two filter layers ( 2 , 3 ) made of ceramic fiber material, the filter layer ( 2 ) adjoining it being one has smaller open porosity than the filter layer ( 3 ) adjoining the clean gas side ( 5 ). 13. Partikelfilter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in ein Gehäuse (7) mehrere, die reingasseitige Filterschicht bildende Filterkerzen (8) aus poröskeramischem Filtermaterial angeordnet sind und daß die rohgasseitigen Zwischenräume zwischen dem Gehäuse (7) und den Filterkerzen (8) mit dem keramischen Fasermaterial (9) grober Porosität gefüllt sind.13. Particulate filter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a housing ( 7 ) a plurality of filter cartridges ( 8 ) made of porous ceramic filter material forming the clean gas side filter layer are arranged and that the raw gas side gaps between the housing ( 7 ) and the filter cartridges ( 8 ) are filled with the ceramic fiber material ( 9 ) of coarse porosity.
DE4141580A 1991-12-17 1991-12-17 Exhaust gas particle filter esp. for diesel exhaust - has at least two filter layers of different ceramics between the clean and crude gas sides, the first filter being coarser than the second, giving high sepn. and low pressure loss Withdrawn DE4141580A1 (en)

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DE4141580A DE4141580A1 (en) 1991-12-17 1991-12-17 Exhaust gas particle filter esp. for diesel exhaust - has at least two filter layers of different ceramics between the clean and crude gas sides, the first filter being coarser than the second, giving high sepn. and low pressure loss

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DE4141580A DE4141580A1 (en) 1991-12-17 1991-12-17 Exhaust gas particle filter esp. for diesel exhaust - has at least two filter layers of different ceramics between the clean and crude gas sides, the first filter being coarser than the second, giving high sepn. and low pressure loss

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0679425A1 (en) * 1994-04-25 1995-11-02 INDUSTRIAL FILTER & PUMP MFG.CO. Filter element and method of manufacture
DE19522312A1 (en) * 1994-06-21 1996-01-04 Ngk Insulators Ltd Exhaust gas filter for esp. diesel engine of vehicle
WO1996041672A1 (en) * 1995-06-09 1996-12-27 Du Pont Lanxide Composites L.P. Ceramic hot-gas filter and process for manufacturing it
DE19611150A1 (en) * 1996-03-21 1997-05-28 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Particle filter for internal combustion engine
WO1998002231A1 (en) * 1996-07-17 1998-01-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Filter material
US5849375A (en) * 1996-07-17 1998-12-15 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company Candle filter
WO1999033567A1 (en) * 1997-12-24 1999-07-08 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Multiple layer monolithic structure and use thereof
EP0900922A3 (en) * 1995-05-30 2000-06-28 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Particulate trap for diesel engine
EP0957241A3 (en) * 1998-05-14 2003-07-23 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Particulate trap for diesel engine
WO2003103800A3 (en) * 2002-06-05 2004-05-27 Pall Corp FILTER CARTRIDGE AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
WO2004104386A3 (en) * 2003-05-23 2005-01-06 Bekaert Sa Nv Diesel soot particulate filter medium
WO2006072606A3 (en) * 2005-01-07 2006-08-31 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Method for eliminating particles contained in exhaust gases, fibrous layer and particulate filter
WO2007079829A1 (en) * 2006-01-09 2007-07-19 Nv Bekaert Sa A diesel soot particulate filter medium
CN101384799B (en) * 2006-02-20 2012-06-20 淡水河谷英可公司 An apparatus for the separation of particles contained in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5500029A (en) * 1994-04-25 1996-03-19 Industrial Filter & Pump Mfg. Co. Filter element and method of manufacture
EP0679425A1 (en) * 1994-04-25 1995-11-02 INDUSTRIAL FILTER & PUMP MFG.CO. Filter element and method of manufacture
DE19522312A1 (en) * 1994-06-21 1996-01-04 Ngk Insulators Ltd Exhaust gas filter for esp. diesel engine of vehicle
DE19522312C2 (en) * 1994-06-21 1998-07-09 Ngk Insulators Ltd Exhaust filter and device for treating exhaust gases
EP0900922A3 (en) * 1995-05-30 2000-06-28 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Particulate trap for diesel engine
WO1996041672A1 (en) * 1995-06-09 1996-12-27 Du Pont Lanxide Composites L.P. Ceramic hot-gas filter and process for manufacturing it
DE19611150A1 (en) * 1996-03-21 1997-05-28 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Particle filter for internal combustion engine
WO1998002231A1 (en) * 1996-07-17 1998-01-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Filter material
US5849375A (en) * 1996-07-17 1998-12-15 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company Candle filter
US5780126A (en) * 1996-07-17 1998-07-14 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Filter material
WO1999033567A1 (en) * 1997-12-24 1999-07-08 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Multiple layer monolithic structure and use thereof
EP0957241A3 (en) * 1998-05-14 2003-07-23 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Particulate trap for diesel engine
WO2003103800A3 (en) * 2002-06-05 2004-05-27 Pall Corp FILTER CARTRIDGE AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
WO2005040572A1 (en) * 2003-05-23 2005-05-06 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Diesel soot particulate filter medium
WO2004104386A3 (en) * 2003-05-23 2005-01-06 Bekaert Sa Nv Diesel soot particulate filter medium
CN100478548C (en) * 2003-05-23 2009-04-15 贝卡尔特股份有限公司 Diesel soot particulate filter medium
US7846230B2 (en) 2003-05-23 2010-12-07 Nv Bekaert Sa Diesel soot particulate filter medium
WO2006072606A3 (en) * 2005-01-07 2006-08-31 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Method for eliminating particles contained in exhaust gases, fibrous layer and particulate filter
US8012244B2 (en) 2005-01-07 2011-09-06 Emitec Gesellschaft Fuer Emissionstechnologie Mbh Method of removing particulates from exhaust gases, and corresponding fiber layer, particulate filter, exhaust system and vehicle
WO2007079829A1 (en) * 2006-01-09 2007-07-19 Nv Bekaert Sa A diesel soot particulate filter medium
CN101384799B (en) * 2006-02-20 2012-06-20 淡水河谷英可公司 An apparatus for the separation of particles contained in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines
US8444734B2 (en) 2006-02-20 2013-05-21 Alantum Corporation Apparatus for the separation of particles contained in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines

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