DE4024700A1 - Refuse treatment plant - is hermetically sealed under negative pressure with ionic reduction of waste gases and with gas treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

The whole treatment plant is made from a gastight construction with a ceramic inner cladding which has a low absorbtion for microwaves. The refuse is successively heat treated and passed through ionic reduction. The resulting gases are treated and pumped out via the low pressure pump, as non toxic gases. Clinker etc. is removed in a non-toxic state. The refuse is preheated (40) and a clinker removal (30) can lead to a secondary processing. The released gasses are passed through induction heating (23) and a plasma burner (22) before being treated in the catalytic converter (10) and heat exchanger (11). The whole plane is pumped at a negative pressure and the heating stages carefully controlled to ensure total reduction of the waste. ADVANTAGE - Avoids formation of toxic materials.

Description

The invention relates to a waste processing plant the basis of ionizing combustion for detoxification, Splitting or cleaning of substances, liquids, Ga and / or harmful residues - further such substances are called garbage - according to the waiter Concept of claim 1.

The invention of the type mentioned u. a. in the industri ellen process technology, e.g. B. plastics processing, gum processing, the destruction of warfare agents and mu nition and in the processing of secondary materials, like this B. Batteries are used to detoxify the process gases used and  is therefore used in the field of waste technology.

In known arrangements, the garbage is gradually ver burns. Here there is u. a. the risk that the actual combustion process due to the native Characteristics of incinerators pollutants first, and with of unprecedented toxicity.

Due to the load limits of the container materials temperatures arise in the individual combustion stages gradients that an uncontrollable passage of un sufficient heated portions of the exhaust gases containing particles have as a consequence.

During the cooling process, these form as system-internal leakage to be considered the partially inorganic substance parts of the cooling Gases again, and sometimes new toxins.

The invention has for its object an arrangement of the type mentioned at the beginning, which makes it possible to apply a process technology that covers the entire cross cut the contaminated material onto an ent speaking high temperature heats up to ensure that the product from the combustion process largely un depending on composition and condition before burning tion, in a definable, e.g. B. further treatable Form is present. The arrangement should be quasi hermetic work isolated from the environment.  

The inventive solution to this problem, as well as their corresponding further training should also be easy producible, inexpensive and material-saving.

The achievement of the object is in Pa Claim 1 described. In the subclaims are advantageous training and further education and preferred to uses of the invention listed.

The achievement of the object is that the substances to be treated by a - largely regardless of the input material - heating section bring to ionize in it and thus in a continuous animal-free, batch-free process of converting waste, the interior of the arrangement with relative negative pressure is operated and gases only by one, as a vacuum pump active emission control system escape in a defined manner.

The arrangement has in the thermally stressed area a ceramic, preferably porous inner lining, which consists of a ceramic material with low attenuation in the microwave range, which has at least one catalyst 10 and preferably at least one heat exchanger 11 optionally.

The arrangement for keeping the passage speed constant The gas is provided with expansion zones in which process-related changes in gas volume can expand.

After the above process of ionization, the inorganic proportions depending on their condensation behavior eliminated from the process.  

In principle, gaseous, liquid and / or solid waste, within a hermetically sealed Systems using and recycling the material's own combustion heat in a regulated, continuous pro heated to ionization temperatures at which Mo molecular connections are no longer viable.

The system consists of modular assemblies - including modules called - which depend on the requirements of ver burning substances can be combined.

Because of this solution idea is a corresponding one Material-saving, inexpensive and easy to manufacture arrangement according to the invention - that of the task and the solution is fully sufficient - producible.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. Show it:

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an advantageous embodiment of the arrangement according erfindungsge.

Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a secondary därstoffaufbereitung.

The inventive arrangement of FIG. 1 is composed of the following preferably serially connected modules. These are a preheater 40 and a slag collection device 30 . An induction heater 23 , a plasma torch 22 , a plasma guide 21 , a high-frequency heater 20 , a gas doping 12 , a heat exchanger 11 and a catalytic converter 10 are serially connected (flanged) to an outlet pipe of the preheater 40 . The preheater 40 can be replaced if necessary by a secondary substance preparation (not shown). The catalyst 10 can optionally be formed at another location.

Since in most cases neither the ge exact composition is known, still binding Anga What connections are to be made during the joint incineration of different waste stand, it is necessary to process engineering Disposal generally in the area of saturation, d. H. operate above the range in the molecular ver bonds are viable, or their formation can be closed.

When heating the garbage using inductive, and / or Microwave heaters are fragments of organic ver bonds spread evenly in their entire volume heats up the fragments by exploiting their egg genresonances can be heated up quickly while doing so further fragmentation is effected.

The substance to be burned (garbage or particles or exhaust gases) becomes coaxial after passing through the microwave heater passed through the plasma torch and on his ge entire cross section ionized. This will Temperature gradients in the materials to be processed, such as in known systems by relatively cold container walls solutions are excluded.  

Molecular chains of organic compounds are in the in the prevailing temperatures of the system no longer exist capable of breaking and become with the subsequent cooling elementary precipitated as condensates.

Here is through this hermetically sealed system ensures that the energy of process-related che mix reactions recorded, absorbed and these ener is recovered.

The management of the fabrics takes place z. B. in tubes, the kera are mixed, preferably lined with plasma ceramics.

By using appropriate grain sizes in the processing Processing these ceramic materials are almost any Pore sizes can be produced in the finished material, creating a Influencing the process parameters of the plant through a Gas purging through the walls of the system is possible.

This allows the walls of the facility to be kept to a minimum Temperature are maintained. By applying or inserting Almost any structure can be produced from mold cores. The material is also laser welded to others Ceramic materials can be welded. Due to the bad Thermal conductivity is a high thermal insulation degree feasible.

Post-compaction can take place through sintering processes. With metallic fillings is infiltration and sealing tion possible.  

Different materials in volume gradients can processed almost seamlessly.

The flow rate of the gases is during the due to the heating and the reactions that occur expansion is kept constant by the cross cut the exhaust pipes in the affected sections are enlarged.

Another way of keeping the flow constant speed is the installation of heat exchangers, which the excess process heat to a recovery to lead.

In the area of high-frequency heating, the pipes are metal and are not homogeneous as dielectric filled waveguide considered.

These tubes - also called waveguides - are so dim siones that the current or voltage maximum only in the guide tube in the middle area of the waveguide trains.

The use of ceramic materials allows the use of microwaves and inductive coil systems for heating and is chemical attacks preferably processed Fabrics resistant.

With the use of ceramic materials is by their ge ring losses for electromagnetic waves and their ge rings thermal conductivity also avoided that the Ge heat the housing of the system.  

There is also the possibility in the wall areas of the Integrate ceramic heat exchangers, and thus the casing to cool additionally.

Due to the natural porosity of the various fabrics through the pipe walls gases or gas mixtures in the Combustion area of the plant can be flushed, both to optimize the combustion process and to initiate it chemical reactions are used, as well as the one penetrate substances into the wall of the pipes with a radio Prevent tion mechanism similar to that of an air bearing.

The following systems are to be disposed of for heat treatment substances used together or substance-specific. They are:

• - The induction heater 23 . This is an inductive coil system with which in particular metallic components with the addition of process gas, for. B. Sau erstoff be heated.

A similar coil system can also be used for guiding, shaping and regulation of the plasma flame, or for guiding the plasma mas can be used in the subsequent gas routing.

• - The plasma torch 22 for heating gases and liquids. The plasma torch 22 consists, for. B. in essence Chen from a crosswise arrangement of traceable electrodes between which an arc is generated. An opposite pair of electrodes is used in each case.

The electrodes are regulated after the the same and according to the ge by appropriate sensors measured values of the plasma flame. Standard for the regulation is preferred the symmetry and formation of the flame.

After the electrodes have burned down, they are worn out Retract electrodes and advance the new electrodes and ignited.

The burned-off electrodes are then removed using a suitable device. This is the system can be operated without interruption.

Water is introduced into this arc, which in What This splits hydrogen and oxygen (oxyhydrogen) is ignited following the split and tempera generated over 15,000 degrees Celsius.

The added medium (waste granulate, chemicals, Ab gases), is fed into the water nozzle via a central nozzle jected and ignited with the water plasma.

Since in this injection device also granules the injector nozzle with an Ul connected to the excitation system, causing a blockage the nozzle is largely excluded and the formation of deposits can be prevented.

The ultrasound excitation brings for the system at the same time the advantage that the ring injected around the nozzle  Water is atomized and thereby arced through the larger surface is easier to process.

The oxyhydrogen gas generated during the splitting in the arc is ignited by the arc, with the maximum of Flame temperatures of over 15,000 degrees can be reached.

Since very hard UV radiation occurs here, it is necessary derlich, this burner in a closed or off operate shielded system.

The interior of the burner and parts of the system are included a wall made of porous ceramic, through which during a gas is pressed during operation. This will make the Wall of the plant similar to the principle of the cold crucible kept at a relatively low temperature and thus the Service life significantly extended.

This technique allows it in the actual process zone To drive temperatures which, when contacted directly Guide elements would melt,

• - The high-frequency heating 20 in which a part of the case or riser is used as a waveguide, into which the high-frequency energy is coupled.

Due to the high-frequency heating, the heated substances about the temperature increase still required heats up and eventually exit at the end of the downpipe.  

As microwave tubes can be simple, mostly not from tunable power tubes of all types are used, that are highly efficient.

• - The heat exchanger 11 . Since there is a considerable waste heat potential in the combustion through the materials to be disposed of and through the process technology, a number of heat exchangers are integrated into the system, which supply the process heat for further use to generate electrical energy or heat.

By recycling the process heat and the Ver Burning the heat generated is a widespread self-sufficiency of the system with energy possible.

• - The doping tubes of gas doping 12 . The doping tubes consist of a feed area and a porous inner wall. Through this wall, gases, vapors or liquids required in terms of process technology are brought into the interior to initiate chemical reactions or to remove substances from the process flow.
• - The catalytic converter 10 for converting exhaust gas fractions. In order to achieve precisely regulated operation and the longest possible service life of the same, heat exchangers are installed before and / or after the catalysts.

There are recovery systems between the catalysts to recover the from the ionized state elements used.  

• - a filter (not shown). In the facility (arrangement) filters can also be used. Basically is procure the process technology so that filters by Kataly sensors and / or other separation techniques for the individual residual substances such as chlorine, carbon, metals be the ge continuous operation of the plant ensure and not after a corresponding enrichment tion can be exchanged.
• - A sensor system (not shown) for measuring the process parameters and the analysis of gases. This is one on the Process coordinated sensors in connection with a adapted observation window technology.

The measurement of the essential process parameters are here the particle density, the particle size, the particles distribution, the particle velocity, the gas speed, the plasma flow distribution, the plas mast speed, which is the basis for the scheme the speed of the system and the zuge or abge led power form is done by (HF) radio frequency and / or optical measuring sections in another, preferred as higher frequency range than the operating frequency area of the facility.

As a result of the high thermal load in the work area The system separates measuring devices of the common types largely from. On the one hand, measurements are due to the acu process characteristics feasible, as well as by kera mix windows that are the property for RF measurements and task of radomes.  

By the density, quantity and speed of the at which Combustion gases are the corresponding Control processes initiated.

Another possibility for measurement is the Detek tion and evaluation of those that occur during combustion acoustic parameters.

The arrangement according to the invention can on existing Ver combustion systems for cleaning the exhaust gases the and the slag from the ongoing combustion of a further aftermath depending on your residual contamination be subjected to action.

This also allows contaminated slags from previously inadequate combustion processes of an afterbe subjected to action and cleaned.

The processing of the slags can follow immediately to the combustion or pyrolysis. The use of the High frequency heating allows heating and / or Burn pyrolytic or oxidizing.

In order to achieve a continuous process, it is expediently the slags in a grinder on a, for to grind the processing in the plant at a convenient size, or to granulate using known process engineering.

• - The plasma guide area 21 for guiding and compressing the plasma stream and for its concentration in the center of the waveguide to adapt to the field distribution of the coupled high-frequency waves is used, wherein an axial magnetic field is coupled to the system, either by an external coil arrangement or magnetic rings similar to one Traveling field tube is caused, which are arranged around the waveguide so that the magnetic field closes in the interior of the conductor.

Another way to get substances and waste Have gone through the combustion process and as slag are above the temperature threshold mentioned at the beginning heat, the inner casing is a pass Define system as a waveguide through which a conveyor tied with the slag running.

The side walls of the waveguide according to the invention are for Suction of the gases perforated and / or ver see. The suction of the gases is u. a. through the Sogwir of the downstream, described exhaust gas cleaning effecting plant.

Instead of the preheating device 40 and the slag collecting device 30 , a secondary material preparation according to FIG. 2 for working up batteries, aluminum, lead, cadmium, indium, and other metals with lower melting points which are formed under hermetic sealing.

An inner container 70 is, according to FIG. 2 preferably in a cylinder-like shape without a base plate - open end - with a lid and lateral pipe connections. This inner container 70 projects with its open end into an outer container 71 . This outer container 71 is flush with the preferably elongate outer wall of the inner container 70 and has a side outlet pipe 20 . This side outlet pipe 20 is used to develop a melt 90 , which is collected in a collecting container 30 . This collecting container 30 can be flanged to the end of the side outlet pipe 20 or preferably placed axially under the opening of the open tube part of the side outlet pipe 20 . The outer container 71 preferably has a cylinder-like shape which tapers into a flange which is advantageously formed axially to the axis of rotation of the cylinder-like shape.

To the flange 41 is a high-frequency heating is Schlos sen in the center thereof, which is preferably axially to the rotational axis of the cylindrical shape is adapted to move toward a collecting tank 32 from outgoing heavy metals due to their own weight. This collecting container 32 is connected to the housing of the high-frequency heating 41 z. B. connected by flanging.

On the side pipe connections of the inner container 70 are a shredder 732 with the usual material feed hopper 10 and a gas purging 11 (gas supply pipe), which is formed in the region of the open screw end of the shredder 732 , and a drain pipe for the slag 91 . This drain pipe has lateral branches on the ver and opens at its end to a wide ren container 31 z. B. is designed in such a way as has already been mentioned above with respect to the collecting container 30 .

A first branch 21 of the drain pipe is formed at any angle relative to the inclined flow pipe and leads to an exhaust gas cleaning system. A second branch 12 , which is designed, for example, like the first branch 12 , serves as a gas inlet opening.

As an alternative to the distribution of the branches described above, first the first branch 21 then the correspondingly connected collecting container 31 and finally the second branch 12 can be formed on the circumference of the flow tube. A heat exchanger is preferably formed behind the first branch 21 in the direction of the second branch 12 .

The resulting slag 90 is melted and flows through the side outlet pipe 20 into the collecting container 30th Through the side outlet pipe 20 , a cooling and / or reaction gas is blown in countercurrent, which is suctioned off through the line leading to the exhaust gas cleaning.

Around the side outlet pipe 20 , a heat exchanger is preferably mounted, the task of which is to extract the heat from the slag 90 and to cool it down to below the temperature at which harmful vapors escape.

Likewise, the gas that is introduced by the shredder 732 with the feed material is sucked off through this channel. The interior of the system is operated with negative pressure.

The outer container 71 is heated externally and / or internally, for example by means of an arc heater. For example, an outer container 71 made of fiber-stabilized graphite, largely insensitive to chemical attacks, can be heated inductively or via the inherent resistance.

In the lower region of the outer container 71 , a sump 32 is attached for parts with a higher density than the melt and parts which melt at temperatures higher than the temperature of the melt 90 . This sump 32 is cooled during operation of the system to a temperature which is just below the melting temperature of the melt 90 , thereby forming a non-liquid plug.

If the sump 32 is filled with foreign substances, the opening with the attached HF heater is heated and drained after opening the cover 50 . For this purpose, the system is reduced to below the solidification temperature of the melt 90 .

This arrangement allows seepage to be removed, without completely emptying the crucible.

Claims (9)

1. Garbage processing system, characterized in that the arrangement is hermetically sealed over the entire process flow and garbage is converted by ionization, the interior of the arrangement being operated with relative negative pressure and gases escaping only defined by an exhaust gas cleaning system acting as a vacuum pump. 2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the arrangement in thermally stressed areas ceramic preferably porous interior cladding made of a ceramic material with low damping in the Mi krowellenbereich has, this inner ver clothing in their interior, and / or on the wall of the housing is provided with channels for guiding the Process gases are usable.   3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that a preheater ( 40 ) and a slag collecting device ( 30 ) or a secondary substance treatment is formed. 4. Arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the exhaust gas purification system from the serial connection of an induction heater ( 23 ) of a plasma torch ( 22 ), a plasma guide ( 21 ), a high-frequency heater ( 20 ), a gas doping ( 12 ) and a catalyst ( 10 ) is trained. 5. Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one catalyst ( 10 ) and preferably at least one heat exchanger ( 11 ) is optionally formed. 6. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the arrangement for keeping the constant Passage speed of the gases with expansion zones is provided in which process-related gas volume changes can expand. 7. Arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that an inner container ( 70 ) is preferably formed in a cylinder-like shape without a base plate with a cover and lateral Rohran connections and
the inner container ( 70 ) projects with its open end into an outer container ( 71 ) and
the outer container ( 71 ) is flush with the inner container ( 70 ) and has a lateral outlet pipe ( 20 ) and
the outer container ( 71 ) preferably has a cylinder-like shape, which tapers into a flange,
which is advantageously formed axially to the axis of rotation of the cylinder-like shape and
on the flange a high-frequency heating ( 41 ) with a collecting container ( 32 ) for z. B. heavy metals is connected and
that on the side pipe connections of the inner container ( 70 ) z. B. a shredder ( 732 ) is formed. 8. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heat exchanger ( 40 ) is preferably formed behind a first branch ( 21 ) in the direction of a second branch ( 12 ). 9. Arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that the high-frequency heating ( 41 ) is formed at any point of the outer container ( 71 ) and measuring sensors in or on the outer ( 71 ) and / or inner container ( 70 ) and preferably adjacent feed pipes are formed, the containers are preferably coated internally and / or externally with ceramic and / or plastic.