DE4000708A1 - Hydride use to reduce nitrogen oxide cpds. in combustion exhaust gas - after oxidising combustible components with air, reducing environmental pollution - Google Patents
Hydride use to reduce nitrogen oxide cpds. in combustion exhaust gas - after oxidising combustible components with air, reducing environmental pollutionInfo
- Publication number
- DE4000708A1 DE4000708A1 DE19904000708 DE4000708A DE4000708A1 DE 4000708 A1 DE4000708 A1 DE 4000708A1 DE 19904000708 DE19904000708 DE 19904000708 DE 4000708 A DE4000708 A DE 4000708A DE 4000708 A1 DE4000708 A1 DE 4000708A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- hydride
- exhaust gas
- combustion
- carriers
- nox
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Beim Verbrennen von fossilen Brennstoffen in Öfen, Kesseln, Feuern, aber auch in Carnotschen Kreisprozessen, werden Abgase erzeugt, die Umweltschutzmaßnahmen unterworfen werden müssen.When burning fossil fuels in ovens, Kettles, firing, but also in Carnot cycle processes, exhaust gases are generated, the environmental protection measures have to be subjected.
Für den Einsatz im Abgasweg-Hochtemperaturbereich sind nur wenig bekannte Zeolithe, Mischoxide oder Metalle mit katalytischen Eigenschaften geeignet.For use in exhaust gas high temperature areas only little known zeolites, mixed oxides or metals suitable with catalytic properties.
Die Abgasaufoxidation ist in unmittelbarer Brenn- oder Feuerraumnähe im Beisein von Luft immer mit dem Entstehen von NOx einhergehend, wenn nicht die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr geregelt wird in den notwendig engen Grenzen.Exhaust gas oxidation is always accompanied by the formation of NO x in the presence of air in the immediate vicinity of the combustion or combustion chamber, unless the combustion air supply is regulated within the necessary narrow limits.
Die Erfindung soll diesen Nachteil durch Luftzufuhr beim Verbrennen von fossilen Brennstoffen, aber auch von Wasserstoff, beheben.The invention aims at this disadvantage by supplying air Burning of fossil fuels, but also of Hydrogen, fix.
Im Abgasstrom aus fossilen Brennstoffeinaschen sind in erster Linie enthalten CO₂, CnHm, CO, SO₂, SO₃, HCl, HF, NHx, NOx, Ox und anderes mehr.The exhaust gas stream from fossil fuel pockets primarily contains CO₂, CnHm, CO, SO₂, SO₃, HCl, HF, NH x , NO x , O x and other more.
Feststoffe wie Ruß, aber auch Unverbrennliches, sind in Abgasströmen nach Verbrennungen nicht auszuschließen. Das Integrieren von Katalysatoren in Brennräumen für die Aufoxidation hat sich bewährt, jedoch zeigt sich, daß erfindungsgemäß sich der nitrose Abgasbestandteil in Sequenz zu dem Aufoxidationskatalysator reduziert durch Wasserstoffeintritt in den Abgasstrom. Nach der vereinfachten FormelSolids like soot, but also non-combustible, are in Flue gas flows after burns cannot be excluded. The integration of catalysts in combustion chambers for the oxidation has proven itself, but it shows that according to the invention the nitrous exhaust gas component reduced in sequence to the oxidation catalyst through hydrogen entry into the exhaust gas flow. According to the simplified formula
H₂ + NOx → 1/2 N₂ + H₂OH₂ + NO x → 1/2 N₂ + H₂O
wird vorzugsweise ein Hydridfeststoffspeicher im Abgasstrom angeordnet. Bei thermischer Belastung oder Beeinflussung tritt gefolgt nach Brennstoffverbrauch oder Abgasmenge das Hydrid im Abgasstrom frei ein.is preferably a hydride solid storage in the exhaust gas stream arranged. With thermal load or Influencing occurs followed by fuel consumption or the amount of exhaust gas, the hydride in the exhaust gas flow freely.
Hydrid und Silane, vorzugsweise Monosilan, haben sich überraschend im NOx-Reduktionsmittelverfahren hervorragend erfindungsgemäß geeignet.Hydride and silanes, preferably monosilane, have surprisingly been found to be outstandingly suitable according to the invention in the NO x reducing agent process.
Die Hydrid-Halbmetalle und Metalle, die zurückbleiben, haben sich zur Reaktion mit HF, HCl und schwefelsauren Abgasbestandteilen erfindungsgemäß hervorragend zum Abgasreinigen geeignet.The hydride semimetals and metals that remain have reacted with HF, HCl and sulfuric acid Exhaust components according to the invention excellent for Suitable for exhaust gas cleaning.
Bei den Versuchen, Wasserstoff mit Luft zu verbrennen zeigte sich, daß erfindungsgemäß durch Wasserstoffbeimischung in den Abgasstrom NOx-Katalysatoren nach dem SCR- und nach dem NSCR-Verfahren auch in mobilen Zwei- und Viertaktern substituiert werden können durch erfindungsgemäßes Einbringen von Hydridträgern in den Abgasweg.In the attempts to burn hydrogen with air, it was found that, according to the invention, by admixing hydrogen in the exhaust gas stream, NO x catalysts according to the SCR and NSCR processes can also be substituted in mobile two- and four-stroke engines by introducing hydride carriers into the Exhaust route.
Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist, daß weder am Brennstoff noch am Aufoxidationsmittel Luft etwas verändert werden muß.The advantage of the method according to the invention is that neither the fuel nor the oxidizing agent air something needs to be changed.
Bei Feststoffhydridspeichern kann erfindungsgemäß, wie bei gasförmigen Hydridspeichern, auch HF, HCl oder SOx mit z. B. den Metallen oder Halbmetallen im Abgasstrom, gleich in welcher Form, als Wabe, Mehl oder Fritte, zu MgCl₂, Mg(ClO₄)₂, SiCl₄, SiF₄, MgF₂, MgSO₄ · H₂O, MgCO₃, MgCl₂ · 6 H₂O reagiert werden.In the case of solid hydride stores, according to the invention, as in the case of gaseous hydride stores, HF, HCl or SO x with z. B. the metals or semimetals in the exhaust gas flow, in whatever form, as honeycomb, flour or frit, to react with MgCl₂, Mg (ClO₄) ₂, SiCl₄, SiF₄, MgF₂, MgSO₄ · H₂O, MgCO₃, MgCl₂ · 6 H₂O.
Die flüssigen Reaktionsprodukte werden als Silikatverbindungen oder durch Auswaschen gewonnen.The liquid reaction products are called silicate compounds or obtained by washing out.
Erfindungsgemäß kann das Reaktionsprodukt aus der Abgasreinigung für Hydridspeicher oder nach Weiterbehandlung für die Entfeuchtungsmittel- und Siliziumsolarzellen- oder Halbleiterherstellung eingesetzt werden, oder deren Reaktions- oder Reststoffprodukte. According to the invention, the reaction product from exhaust gas purification for hydride storage or after further treatment for the dehumidifier and silicon solar cells or semiconductor manufacturing are used, or their Reaction or residue products.
Die Vorrichtung wird erfindungsgemäß als Ofen nach dem Verbrennungsprinzip unterer Abbrand betrieben. Als Rost wird vorzugsweise eine zu einem Prisma geformte Wabe aus feuerfestem Keramikmaterial eingesetzt. Ein geschlossener Wabenkörperwall bildet den Feuerraum, gleichzeitig ist der Wabenwall Rauchzugumlenkung und Abgasbehandlungskomponente, auch Absorber, Adsorber und als Katalysator und Wärmetauscher. An den Feuerraumflanken kann erfindungsgemäß isoliert werden, wie in Bild 1 kann die Gestaltung vorgenommen werden.According to the invention, the device is operated as an oven according to the lower combustion principle. A honeycomb made of refractory ceramic material, which is shaped into a prism, is preferably used as the grate. A closed honeycomb wall forms the combustion chamber, at the same time the honeycomb wall is a smoke deflection and exhaust gas treatment component, also absorber, adsorber and as a catalyst and heat exchanger. According to the invention, insulation can be provided on the flanks of the combustion chamber, as in Figure 1, the design can be carried out.
Die Verbrennungsluft kann bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ofenbauart oder als Ofeneinsatz, vorzugsweise nach Bild 1 ausgeführt, so behandelt werden, daß eine Sauerstoffanreicherungskomponente, als 11 Strömungsrichtpfeil dargestellt, Sauerstoff oder Luft in den Verbrennungsstutzen einströmen läßt, wodurch eine optimale Brennstoffausnutzung erfindungsgemäß erreicht wird.The combustion air can be treated in the furnace design according to the invention or as a furnace insert, preferably designed according to Figure 1, in such a way that an oxygen enrichment component, shown as the 11 flow direction arrow, allows oxygen or air to flow into the combustion nozzle, thereby achieving optimum fuel utilization according to the invention.
In die Stutzen "2" wird die Verbrennungsluft unter das Wabenrost zum unteren Feststoffabbrand geführt.The combustion air is led into the connection piece " 2 " under the honeycomb grate to the lower solid combustion.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Verbrennung in der Vorrichtung, vorzugsweise nach Bild 1, vorgenommen.According to the invention, the combustion takes place in the device, preferably according to Figure 1.
Bild 1 Image 1
1 Feuerraumsockel als Ascheaustrag oder Ascheausschwemme
1.1 dto. und als Bodendistanzerhöher
1.2 Dichtungsumlauf mit Dichtung
1.3 dto. zum Wabenwallfeuerraum
2 Verbrennungsluftzuführung
2.1 dto. Abschluß
2.2 dto. Begrenzung
3 Wabenwall-Feuerraum-Füllung
4 Rostwabe (Prismarostform)
5 Abgasbehandlungswabe - Rauchgaszug mit Feuerraumtangierungsfüllung
6 Feuerraum
7 Feuerraumabgrenzung
7.1 dto. Öffnungszarge
7.2 Feuerraumöffnungsgriff
7.3 Feuerraumöffnungsklappen-Seitenabdeckung
7.4 Revisionsöffnung
7.5 Zargenumlaufstutzen
8 -
9 Abgasrohrstutzen
10 Abgasumlenkung
11 Verbrennungsluftpfeil
12 Rauchgaspfeil
13 Rauchgasrichtungspfeil
14 -
15 Wabenseitendichtung
16 -
17 -
18 -
19 -
20 Rauchgasbehandlungskomponenten-Eintrittsfläche
21 Revisionsleerraum
22 Abgasbehandlungskomponentenraum
23 -
24 -
25 Seiten-Wabe
26 Eck-Wabe
27 Abgasrichtungspfeil 1 combustion chamber base as ash discharge or ash discharge
1.1 dto. And as a ground distance increase
1.2 Seal circulation with seal
1.3 dto. To the honeycomb wall combustion chamber
2 combustion air supply
2.1 dto. Conclusion
2.2 dto.limitation
3 honeycomb firebox filling
4 grid honeycomb (prism grid form)
5 Flue gas treatment honeycomb - flue gas flue with combustion chamber filling
6 firebox
7 Delimitation of the combustion chamber
7.1 dto
7.2 Firebox opening handle
7.3 Fireplace opening flap side cover
7.4 Inspection opening
7.5 Frame circulation socket
8 -
9 Exhaust pipe socket
10 exhaust gas deflection
11 Combustion air arrow
12 flue gas arrow
13 Flue gas direction arrow
14 -
15 honeycomb side seal
16 -
17 -
18 -
19 -
20 flue gas treatment component entry surface
21 Revision empty space
22 Exhaust treatment component room
23 -
24 -
25- sided honeycomb
26 corner honeycomb
27 Exhaust direction arrow
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19904000708 DE4000708A1 (en) | 1990-01-12 | 1990-01-12 | Hydride use to reduce nitrogen oxide cpds. in combustion exhaust gas - after oxidising combustible components with air, reducing environmental pollution |
| DE4005432A DE4005432A1 (en) | 1990-01-12 | 1990-02-21 | Thermally generated hydrogen from hydride reservoir - for redn. of metal salt or gas, esp. for purifying waste gas |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19904000708 DE4000708A1 (en) | 1990-01-12 | 1990-01-12 | Hydride use to reduce nitrogen oxide cpds. in combustion exhaust gas - after oxidising combustible components with air, reducing environmental pollution |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE4000708A1 true DE4000708A1 (en) | 1991-07-18 |
Family
ID=6397937
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19904000708 Withdrawn DE4000708A1 (en) | 1990-01-12 | 1990-01-12 | Hydride use to reduce nitrogen oxide cpds. in combustion exhaust gas - after oxidising combustible components with air, reducing environmental pollution |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE4000708A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0729777A1 (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1996-09-04 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Method for removing perfluorocarbon from a gas stream |
| EP1016446A1 (en) * | 1998-12-28 | 2000-07-05 | Miyoshi Yushi Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of making flue gas harmless |
| DE102008028099A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | Diether Schlottmann | Combustion device i.e. boiler, for solid fuels, has fuel chamber with combustion grate designed in partial funnel and/or trough-shaped manner, where grate is partially inclined from grate edges to middle area of grate |
| DE102017103701A1 (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-23 | Markus Kunkel | Process for the afterburning of flue gases |
-
1990
- 1990-01-12 DE DE19904000708 patent/DE4000708A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0729777A1 (en) * | 1995-02-28 | 1996-09-04 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Method for removing perfluorocarbon from a gas stream |
| EP1016446A1 (en) * | 1998-12-28 | 2000-07-05 | Miyoshi Yushi Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of making flue gas harmless |
| DE102008028099A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | Diether Schlottmann | Combustion device i.e. boiler, for solid fuels, has fuel chamber with combustion grate designed in partial funnel and/or trough-shaped manner, where grate is partially inclined from grate edges to middle area of grate |
| DE102008028099B4 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2010-05-06 | Diether Schlottmann | Combustion apparatus, in particular special boiler, for solid fuels |
| DE102017103701A1 (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-23 | Markus Kunkel | Process for the afterburning of flue gases |
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