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DE4000708A1 - Hydride use to reduce nitrogen oxide cpds. in combustion exhaust gas - after oxidising combustible components with air, reducing environmental pollution - Google Patents

Hydride use to reduce nitrogen oxide cpds. in combustion exhaust gas - after oxidising combustible components with air, reducing environmental pollution

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Publication number
DE4000708A1
DE4000708A1 DE19904000708 DE4000708A DE4000708A1 DE 4000708 A1 DE4000708 A1 DE 4000708A1 DE 19904000708 DE19904000708 DE 19904000708 DE 4000708 A DE4000708 A DE 4000708A DE 4000708 A1 DE4000708 A1 DE 4000708A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
hydride
exhaust gas
combustion
carriers
nox
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19904000708
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German (de)
Inventor
Des Erfinders Auf Nennung Verzicht
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19904000708 priority Critical patent/DE4000708A1/en
Priority to DE4005432A priority patent/DE4005432A1/en
Publication of DE4000708A1 publication Critical patent/DE4000708A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56Nitrogen oxides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

Process and appts. using hydride, pref. in solid or gaseous form, involves oxidn. of the combustibles in combustion exhaust gases with air and redn. of the N` in the exhaust gas by adding hydride into the exhaust gas stream, with or without heating. Hydride gas or liq. is added to the exhaust gas stream in a series of combustion chambers operating by the Carnot cycle, pref. after oxidn. The hydrides are sepd. from solids by heat directly in the exhaust gas stream from hybrid carriers. A furnace and tile kiln insert consists of catalyst honeycomb, which forms the combustion chamber. The outer skin and honeycomb behind this are filled with sand as heat store. After oxidn., the NOx in the flue gas is reduced to N2 and H2O by hydride released from carriers. MgH2, monosilane and silanes are used as hydride carrier and for NOx redn. and also for m absorption of HF, HCl and HSOx with Mg or Si as reaction prod. and the values are recovered. USE/ADVANTAGE - The process is claimed esp. for redn. of NOx in the exhaust gas stream from combustion in the Carnot cycle, 2-stroke engines and diesel engines. Labmda probes, recirculation of the flue gas and NOx catalysts are unnecessary. The process reduces environmental pollution.

Description

Beim Verbrennen von fossilen Brennstoffen in Öfen, Kesseln, Feuern, aber auch in Carnotschen Kreisprozessen, werden Abgase erzeugt, die Umweltschutzmaßnahmen unterworfen werden müssen.When burning fossil fuels in ovens, Kettles, firing, but also in Carnot cycle processes, exhaust gases are generated, the environmental protection measures have to be subjected.

Für den Einsatz im Abgasweg-Hochtemperaturbereich sind nur wenig bekannte Zeolithe, Mischoxide oder Metalle mit katalytischen Eigenschaften geeignet.For use in exhaust gas high temperature areas only little known zeolites, mixed oxides or metals suitable with catalytic properties.

Die Abgasaufoxidation ist in unmittelbarer Brenn- oder Feuerraumnähe im Beisein von Luft immer mit dem Entstehen von NOx einhergehend, wenn nicht die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr geregelt wird in den notwendig engen Grenzen.Exhaust gas oxidation is always accompanied by the formation of NO x in the presence of air in the immediate vicinity of the combustion or combustion chamber, unless the combustion air supply is regulated within the necessary narrow limits.

Die Erfindung soll diesen Nachteil durch Luftzufuhr beim Verbrennen von fossilen Brennstoffen, aber auch von Wasserstoff, beheben.The invention aims at this disadvantage by supplying air Burning of fossil fuels, but also of Hydrogen, fix.

Im Abgasstrom aus fossilen Brennstoffeinaschen sind in erster Linie enthalten CO₂, CnHm, CO, SO₂, SO₃, HCl, HF, NHx, NOx, Ox und anderes mehr.The exhaust gas stream from fossil fuel pockets primarily contains CO₂, CnHm, CO, SO₂, SO₃, HCl, HF, NH x , NO x , O x and other more.

Feststoffe wie Ruß, aber auch Unverbrennliches, sind in Abgasströmen nach Verbrennungen nicht auszuschließen. Das Integrieren von Katalysatoren in Brennräumen für die Aufoxidation hat sich bewährt, jedoch zeigt sich, daß erfindungsgemäß sich der nitrose Abgasbestandteil in Sequenz zu dem Aufoxidationskatalysator reduziert durch Wasserstoffeintritt in den Abgasstrom. Nach der vereinfachten FormelSolids like soot, but also non-combustible, are in Flue gas flows after burns cannot be excluded. The integration of catalysts in combustion chambers for the oxidation has proven itself, but it shows that according to the invention the nitrous exhaust gas component reduced in sequence to the oxidation catalyst through hydrogen entry into the exhaust gas flow. According to the simplified formula

H₂ + NOx → 1/2 N₂ + H₂OH₂ + NO x → 1/2 N₂ + H₂O

wird vorzugsweise ein Hydridfeststoffspeicher im Abgasstrom angeordnet. Bei thermischer Belastung oder Beeinflussung tritt gefolgt nach Brennstoffverbrauch oder Abgasmenge das Hydrid im Abgasstrom frei ein.is preferably a hydride solid storage in the exhaust gas stream arranged. With thermal load or Influencing occurs followed by fuel consumption  or the amount of exhaust gas, the hydride in the exhaust gas flow freely.

Hydrid und Silane, vorzugsweise Monosilan, haben sich überraschend im NOx-Reduktionsmittelverfahren hervorragend erfindungsgemäß geeignet.Hydride and silanes, preferably monosilane, have surprisingly been found to be outstandingly suitable according to the invention in the NO x reducing agent process.

Die Hydrid-Halbmetalle und Metalle, die zurückbleiben, haben sich zur Reaktion mit HF, HCl und schwefelsauren Abgasbestandteilen erfindungsgemäß hervorragend zum Abgasreinigen geeignet.The hydride semimetals and metals that remain have reacted with HF, HCl and sulfuric acid Exhaust components according to the invention excellent for Suitable for exhaust gas cleaning.

Bei den Versuchen, Wasserstoff mit Luft zu verbrennen zeigte sich, daß erfindungsgemäß durch Wasserstoffbeimischung in den Abgasstrom NOx-Katalysatoren nach dem SCR- und nach dem NSCR-Verfahren auch in mobilen Zwei- und Viertaktern substituiert werden können durch erfindungsgemäßes Einbringen von Hydridträgern in den Abgasweg.In the attempts to burn hydrogen with air, it was found that, according to the invention, by admixing hydrogen in the exhaust gas stream, NO x catalysts according to the SCR and NSCR processes can also be substituted in mobile two- and four-stroke engines by introducing hydride carriers into the Exhaust route.

Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist, daß weder am Brennstoff noch am Aufoxidationsmittel Luft etwas verändert werden muß.The advantage of the method according to the invention is that neither the fuel nor the oxidizing agent air something needs to be changed.

Bei Feststoffhydridspeichern kann erfindungsgemäß, wie bei gasförmigen Hydridspeichern, auch HF, HCl oder SOx mit z. B. den Metallen oder Halbmetallen im Abgasstrom, gleich in welcher Form, als Wabe, Mehl oder Fritte, zu MgCl₂, Mg(ClO₄)₂, SiCl₄, SiF₄, MgF₂, MgSO₄ · H₂O, MgCO₃, MgCl₂ · 6 H₂O reagiert werden.In the case of solid hydride stores, according to the invention, as in the case of gaseous hydride stores, HF, HCl or SO x with z. B. the metals or semimetals in the exhaust gas flow, in whatever form, as honeycomb, flour or frit, to react with MgCl₂, Mg (ClO₄) ₂, SiCl₄, SiF₄, MgF₂, MgSO₄ · H₂O, MgCO₃, MgCl₂ · 6 H₂O.

Die flüssigen Reaktionsprodukte werden als Silikatverbindungen oder durch Auswaschen gewonnen.The liquid reaction products are called silicate compounds or obtained by washing out.

Erfindungsgemäß kann das Reaktionsprodukt aus der Abgasreinigung für Hydridspeicher oder nach Weiterbehandlung für die Entfeuchtungsmittel- und Siliziumsolarzellen- oder Halbleiterherstellung eingesetzt werden, oder deren Reaktions- oder Reststoffprodukte. According to the invention, the reaction product from exhaust gas purification for hydride storage or after further treatment for the dehumidifier and silicon solar cells or semiconductor manufacturing are used, or their Reaction or residue products.  

Die Vorrichtung wird erfindungsgemäß als Ofen nach dem Verbrennungsprinzip unterer Abbrand betrieben. Als Rost wird vorzugsweise eine zu einem Prisma geformte Wabe aus feuerfestem Keramikmaterial eingesetzt. Ein geschlossener Wabenkörperwall bildet den Feuerraum, gleichzeitig ist der Wabenwall Rauchzugumlenkung und Abgasbehandlungskomponente, auch Absorber, Adsorber und als Katalysator und Wärmetauscher. An den Feuerraumflanken kann erfindungsgemäß isoliert werden, wie in Bild 1 kann die Gestaltung vorgenommen werden.According to the invention, the device is operated as an oven according to the lower combustion principle. A honeycomb made of refractory ceramic material, which is shaped into a prism, is preferably used as the grate. A closed honeycomb wall forms the combustion chamber, at the same time the honeycomb wall is a smoke deflection and exhaust gas treatment component, also absorber, adsorber and as a catalyst and heat exchanger. According to the invention, insulation can be provided on the flanks of the combustion chamber, as in Figure 1, the design can be carried out.

Die Verbrennungsluft kann bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ofenbauart oder als Ofeneinsatz, vorzugsweise nach Bild 1 ausgeführt, so behandelt werden, daß eine Sauerstoffanreicherungskomponente, als 11 Strömungsrichtpfeil dargestellt, Sauerstoff oder Luft in den Verbrennungsstutzen einströmen läßt, wodurch eine optimale Brennstoffausnutzung erfindungsgemäß erreicht wird.The combustion air can be treated in the furnace design according to the invention or as a furnace insert, preferably designed according to Figure 1, in such a way that an oxygen enrichment component, shown as the 11 flow direction arrow, allows oxygen or air to flow into the combustion nozzle, thereby achieving optimum fuel utilization according to the invention.

In die Stutzen "2" wird die Verbrennungsluft unter das Wabenrost zum unteren Feststoffabbrand geführt.The combustion air is led into the connection piece " 2 " under the honeycomb grate to the lower solid combustion.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Verbrennung in der Vorrichtung, vorzugsweise nach Bild 1, vorgenommen.According to the invention, the combustion takes place in the device, preferably according to Figure 1.

Bild 1 Image 1

1 Feuerraumsockel als Ascheaustrag oder Ascheausschwemme
1.1 dto. und als Bodendistanzerhöher
1.2 Dichtungsumlauf mit Dichtung
1.3 dto. zum Wabenwallfeuerraum
2 Verbrennungsluftzuführung
2.1 dto.   Abschluß
2.2 dto.   Begrenzung
3 Wabenwall-Feuerraum-Füllung
4 Rostwabe (Prismarostform)
5 Abgasbehandlungswabe - Rauchgaszug mit Feuerraumtangierungsfüllung
6 Feuerraum
7 Feuerraumabgrenzung
7.1 dto.   Öffnungszarge
7.2 Feuerraumöffnungsgriff
7.3 Feuerraumöffnungsklappen-Seitenabdeckung
7.4 Revisionsöffnung
7.5 Zargenumlaufstutzen
8 -
9 Abgasrohrstutzen
10 Abgasumlenkung
11 Verbrennungsluftpfeil
12 Rauchgaspfeil
13 Rauchgasrichtungspfeil
14 -
15 Wabenseitendichtung
16 -
17 -
18 -
19 -
20 Rauchgasbehandlungskomponenten-Eintrittsfläche
21 Revisionsleerraum
22 Abgasbehandlungskomponentenraum
23 -
24 -
25 Seiten-Wabe
26 Eck-Wabe
27 Abgasrichtungspfeil
1 combustion chamber base as ash discharge or ash discharge
1.1 dto. And as a ground distance increase
1.2 Seal circulation with seal
1.3 dto. To the honeycomb wall combustion chamber
2 combustion air supply
2.1 dto. Conclusion
2.2 dto.limitation
3 honeycomb firebox filling
4 grid honeycomb (prism grid form)
5 Flue gas treatment honeycomb - flue gas flue with combustion chamber filling
6 firebox
7 Delimitation of the combustion chamber
7.1 dto
7.2 Firebox opening handle
7.3 Fireplace opening flap side cover
7.4 Inspection opening
7.5 Frame circulation socket
8 -
9 Exhaust pipe socket
10 exhaust gas deflection
11 Combustion air arrow
12 flue gas arrow
13 Flue gas direction arrow
14 -
15 honeycomb side seal
16 -
17 -
18 -
19 -
20 flue gas treatment component entry surface
21 Revision empty space
22 Exhaust treatment component room
23 -
24 -
25- sided honeycomb
26 corner honeycomb
27 Exhaust direction arrow

Claims (10)

Anwendungsverfahren für Hydrid, vorzugsweise gebunden in fester oder gasförmiger Form und Vorrichtung, nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Abgas aus Verbrennungsprozessen mit Luftaufoxidation des Brennlichen betrieben werden und als Entstickungsmaßnahme des Abgases die Stickoxidreduktion mit Hydrideintritt in den abgasführenden Weg mit und ohne die thermische Abgaseinwirkung erfolgt.Application method for hydride, preferably bound in solid or gaseous form and device, according to claim 1, characterized in that exhaust gas from combustion processes are operated with air oxidation of the combustible and as a denitrification measure of the exhaust gas the nitrogen oxide reduction with hydride entry in the exhaust gas path with and without the thermal exhaust gas effect he follows. Anspruch 2 nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Abgasstrom in Feuerraumfolge nach Carnotschen Kreisprozessen Hydridgas oder Hydridflüssigkeit auch zur NOx-Reduktion eingetragen wird.Claim 2 according to claim 1, characterized in that hydride gas or hydride liquid is also added to the NO x reduction in the exhaust gas stream in the combustion chamber sequence according to Carnot cycle processes. Anspruch 3 nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hydrideinbringung nach einer Abgasaufoxidation erfolgt.Claim 3 according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the hydride is introduced after an exhaust gas oxidation. Anspruch 4 nach den Ansprüchen 1, 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Lambda-Sonden, Rauchgasrückführung und NOx-Katalysatoren entbehrlich sind und durch die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen ersetzt werden.Claim 4 according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that lambda probes, flue gas recirculation and NO x catalysts are dispensable and are replaced by the measures according to the invention. Anspruch 5 nach den Ansprüchen 1, 2, 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Hydride aus Feststoff über thermische Einwirkung direkt in den Abgasstrom von Hybridträgern abgetrennt werden. Claim 5 according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that that hydrides from solid matter via thermal action separated directly into the exhaust stream from hybrid vehicles will.   Anspruch 6 nach den Ansprüchen 1, 2, 3, 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Magnesiumhydrid, Monosilan und Silane als Hydridträger auch zur NOx-Reduktion verwandt werden.Claim 6 according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that magnesium hydride, monosilane and silanes are also used as hydride carriers for NO x reduction. Anspruch 7 nach den Ansprüchen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 und 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gewesenen Hydridträger auch für folgende Abgasreinigungsmaßnahmen nochmals einzusetzen sind zur Absorption von HF, HCl, HSOx mit Magnesium oder Silizium als Reaktionsprodukt zu benutzen und als Wertstoff wieder zu verwerten sind.Claim 7 according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, characterized in that the hydride carriers that have been used can also be used again for the following exhaust gas purification measures for the absorption of HF, HCl, HSO x with magnesium or silicon as reaction product and as Recyclable materials are to be recycled. Anspruch 8 nach den Ansprüchen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auch Zweitakt-Ottomotoren oder Dieselmotoren mit Aufoxidationskatalysatoren abgasgereinigt werden und daß in Sequenz erfindungsgemäß mit Hydrid NOx-Reduktionsmaßnahmen umweltrelevant erfolgen.Claim 8 according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, characterized in that also two-stroke gasoline engines or diesel engines are cleaned with exhaust gas oxidation catalysts and that in sequence according to the invention with hydride NO x reduction measures take place in an environmentally relevant manner. Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Feuerungsvorrichtung auch als Kachelofeneinsatz aus Katalysatorwaben zusammengefügt wird, wobei die Aufoxidationskatalysatoren den Brennraum bilden, eine Außenwabenkörperhaut und hinter dieser die Waben zur Wärmespeicherung mit Sand aufgefüllt sind.Claim 9 characterized in that a firing device also assembled from catalyst combs as a tiled stove insert is, the oxidation catalysts the combustion chamber form an outer honeycomb body skin and behind this the Honeycombs for heat storage are filled with sand. Anspruch 10 nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rauchgase nach der Aufoxidation von ihren NOx-Rauchgasbestandteilen durch Hydrideintrag in der Verbrennungsvorrichtung abgetrennt von den Hydridträgern, befreit wird, indem NOx durch Hydrid N₂ und H₂O wird.Claim 10 according to claim 9, characterized in that the flue gases are freed from the hydride carriers after the oxidation of their NO x flue gas components by hydride entry in the combustion device, by removing NO x from the hydride N₂ and H₂O.
DE19904000708 1990-01-12 1990-01-12 Hydride use to reduce nitrogen oxide cpds. in combustion exhaust gas - after oxidising combustible components with air, reducing environmental pollution Withdrawn DE4000708A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19904000708 DE4000708A1 (en) 1990-01-12 1990-01-12 Hydride use to reduce nitrogen oxide cpds. in combustion exhaust gas - after oxidising combustible components with air, reducing environmental pollution
DE4005432A DE4005432A1 (en) 1990-01-12 1990-02-21 Thermally generated hydrogen from hydride reservoir - for redn. of metal salt or gas, esp. for purifying waste gas

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19904000708 DE4000708A1 (en) 1990-01-12 1990-01-12 Hydride use to reduce nitrogen oxide cpds. in combustion exhaust gas - after oxidising combustible components with air, reducing environmental pollution

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DE4000708A1 true DE4000708A1 (en) 1991-07-18

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0729777A1 (en) * 1995-02-28 1996-09-04 The Boc Group, Inc. Method for removing perfluorocarbon from a gas stream
EP1016446A1 (en) * 1998-12-28 2000-07-05 Miyoshi Yushi Kabushiki Kaisha Method of making flue gas harmless
DE102008028099A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-17 Diether Schlottmann Combustion device i.e. boiler, for solid fuels, has fuel chamber with combustion grate designed in partial funnel and/or trough-shaped manner, where grate is partially inclined from grate edges to middle area of grate
DE102017103701A1 (en) * 2017-02-23 2018-08-23 Markus Kunkel Process for the afterburning of flue gases

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0729777A1 (en) * 1995-02-28 1996-09-04 The Boc Group, Inc. Method for removing perfluorocarbon from a gas stream
EP1016446A1 (en) * 1998-12-28 2000-07-05 Miyoshi Yushi Kabushiki Kaisha Method of making flue gas harmless
DE102008028099A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-17 Diether Schlottmann Combustion device i.e. boiler, for solid fuels, has fuel chamber with combustion grate designed in partial funnel and/or trough-shaped manner, where grate is partially inclined from grate edges to middle area of grate
DE102008028099B4 (en) * 2008-06-13 2010-05-06 Diether Schlottmann Combustion apparatus, in particular special boiler, for solid fuels
DE102017103701A1 (en) * 2017-02-23 2018-08-23 Markus Kunkel Process for the afterburning of flue gases

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