DE3417846A1 - Method for the layered palletisation and depalletisation, packing and unpacking, strapping and cleaning of bottle boxes or other piece goods - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the layered palletisation and depalletisation, packing and unpacking, strapping and cleaning of bottle boxes. The area of application is the packing and unpacking, as well as the palletisation and depalletisation of piece goods, especially bottles and boxes in the processing of drinks. The aim and object of the invention is to devise a method, which can be implemented with few steps, for the packing, palletisation, strapping and cleaning of bottle boxes, as well as a machine which is suited to the method, is of simple design and can be produced economically. The invention relates mainly to a method with one or two pivot arm loaders which are mounted centrally between the pallet depositing points and the bottle depositing points, are equipped with gripping devices and centring devices and operate in a layer-related fashion directly from or to the pallet, as appropriate.

Description

B e s c h r e i b u n ~

The invention relates to a method of packing and palletizing with a swivel arm loader according to the preamble of claim 1 The packing and unpacking of bottles, palletizing of crates and strapping of loaded pallets should automatically, Gentle on the material and largely trouble-free, with a low noise level. The rails used for this should be easy to maintain and operate, and require little space with open, ground-level construction.

It is known that in the beverage bottling plants with higher outputs the work processes unpacking - packing, palletizing - non-palletizing and pallet strapping each with a special machine. This big machine Expenditures with the extensive bottle and crate conveyors cause extensive Investments, a lot of space and more control and management functions.

For beverage filling companies with medium capacities Combination machines are used, which depalletize with simultaneous unpacking of the bottles - DE OS 1803 380. For tandem machines such as DE OS 2711 677 and DE AS 2640 666 gripper heads are separated for bottle and crate layers used. These packing heads work independently of each other, but are towards one common pallet space coordinated with each other.

In spite of this, the majority of the factories are installing single machines, because the advantages of these machines were not convincing enough in practice. Mainly the. high construction costs, the resulting reduced machine performance and the The lack of a secure bottle and crate layer centering has an effect on this disadvantageous.

Combined loading and depalletizing machines are more successful used, although here too the advantage of a single machine through a larger one Box buffer section must be bought.

In the OS 2214 637 a device is known for the simultaneous Packing and unpacking as well as loading and unpalletizing is suitable. On a central pillar there are three connected to each other by 900 swiveling back and forth Support arms with corresponding bottle and crate gripping devices.

However, the high structural effort involved in raising the pallet, Elevated bottle conveyor tables and the impossibility of cleaning crates prevents the introduction into practice.

Packing and unpacking takes place in bottling plants with low capacities of bottles - .; with individual machines. And small palletizers are used for palletizing used, which place the filled boxes in rows on the pallet. or stacks are formed that are transported on with handcarts. Depalletized is mostly still done by hand. Because of the use of such individual machines are smaller and medium-sized companies because of the significantly higher performance in relation to the performance Investment and personnel requirements are particularly disadvantaged.

The object of the invention is to create one with just a few straightforward feasible work steps for packing and unpacking of Bottles, loading and depalletizing of boxes and strapping of the loaded pallet, with bottle completeness check, crate cleaning and empty crate transport. As a machine that is suitable for carrying out the process and that is simple and easy to use is cheap to manufacture, but also in terms of capacity and structural conditions easily adapts to the needs of the user. You should each have a complete Bottle and crate layer can accommodate, and in terms of weight - space and Energy requirements have lower values.

The solution to this problem is given by the claims Funds reached. The procedure with the use the so constructed Swing arm loader brought the desired advantages. The packing and unpacking of Bottles, the loading and depalletizing of crates, and the strapping of the loaded ones Pallet is directly from and onto the pallet next to each other, depending on what you want Performance, mainly carried out with one, two or four swing arm loaders.

To carry out the processes: pick up bottles, center bottles, Strapping full pallets, picking up boxes and centering box layers are Suitable gripping and centering devices are attached to the swivel arm. The operations are coordinated in such a way as to improve the performance of the machine system is not decreased.

Moving the box gripping device in and out below the Bottle gripper head, takes place during the transfer movement from the bottle table to the Pallet loading area or vice versa with a slider crank gear. The recording or Bottles and crates are dispensed simultaneously. And the box layers on the full pallet are re-centered while the bottles are still slowing down dip into the empty boxes. A slight delay is required only for strapping pallets be accepted.

During the translation movements, those picked up by the box gripper should be Do not tilt the boxes in a box layer or sag unevenly. Below of the bottle centering mold (13) are therefore rubber-coated centering cones (13a) attached that this when placed on a box layer in the free corner points the inner rows of boxes dive. By inflating these rubber sleeves and Pressing the gripping jaws onto the outer rows of boxes, with a higher Pressure, a non-slip box layer is created.

The box layer centering ensures that when the pallet is loaded the box layers securely snap into place on top of each other.

The situation is used that when the swivel arm moves downwards after placing an empty box layer on the full pallet for insertion the bottles, the Bottle holder frame (10) further down emotional. And at the same time attached to the bottle holder frame and protruding downwards Arms the centering bars attached parallel below the box clamping jaws (12) (14) so far down that the upper part of the Box layer is captured with. When putting the first box layer on top of the still empty pallet, the box jaws are opened earlier, so that the next Moving downwards the protruding arms move into the void, and therefore the centering bars do not slide it out downwards.

A full crate check is also in this layer - working method given. It only has to be ensured that the bottle collection point is uninterrupted is filled before the gripping device picks up a layer of bottles. Afterward the optical eye only needs to check whether after lifting the Bottles are not bottles or have been left lying around.

For beverage companies with medium and small productions, a swivel arm loader according to (Fig. 1, 2, or 3) used.

This machine and personnel-saving way of working directly from and this has a particularly favorable effect on the pallet.

Because of the relatively high number of packing heads on the swivel arm, the Work cycles are slow, which has a negative impact on operational safety and wear and tear the machine works favorably. If malfunctions occur, they need to be rectified a person is not available in the vicinity of the system, because of the existing Such limited downtimes are quickly compensated for with a power reserve.

The continuous duty cycle can be disrupted if during of the company due to broken bottles and missing bottles in the empty crates the number of bottles on the conveyor belts is greatly reduced. iv minimum level -Signal generators draw attention to it optically or acoustically, so that to compensate An additional layer of empty boxes is placed on this pallet by hand in good time, and accordingly a layer of empty boxes can be removed.

The delivery and resumption of the empty box layers is carried out by the Turning platform (e) next to the bottle conveyor table (d). And with turning this Shards and other foreign objects can fall down from the boxes on the platform.

The box layer below the turning platform provides a buffer ready to drain and quickly adapt to changing working speeds.

The crate cleaning system is located directly next to this turning platform. A raised rake-like arm with grasping toes, for each box on the platform, sinks into the boxes and moves with them into the cleaning system.

During these movements, the gripper toes are moved apart, between the boxes that create clearances on all sides for cleaning. Within the The cleaning system clears the boxes in rows by slowly moving the arm passed the spray nozzles. As soon as the turning platform has become free again is, this rake-like arm quickly moves outward back onto the platform. The gaps between the boxes cancel each other out again. With this working principle the usual box transport devices with their groupings and are no longer required Singulations.

The performance of this system can be increased by the empty Do not put the boxes back on the turning platform after cleaning, but directly on them be brought to the staging area (g) next to the bottle assembly area. It is not applicable thereby the Warttrott düvGr'efvonichtung for the provision of a cleaned one Box position by turning the turning platform around 1800.

Two swivel arm loaders facing away from each other on a common platform Placed next to each other result in a high-performance packing and palletizing system in the smallest possible area (Fig. 4). Between the legs of the pallet loading areas (b and c) the pallet conveyor track is covered so that it can be walked on and is used as a control operator station set up. Malfunctions can be avoided while the empty pallet is being unloaded be by bottles lying across, scissors or other disruptive ones Foreign bodies are removed in good time. To be considered in such cases According to the accident regulations, you do not have to switch off the machine every time Mechanical grippers that can be operated by hand are attached at this point.

The empty pallet located below the service platform forms one Buffer between the empty and full loading area.

Control instruments attached there can detect defective pallets, and replace them automatically or manually.

On the empty pallet, the stacks of crates can gape a little at the top. Because of their construction, the box gripping jaws can have such limited irregularities equalize when picking up a box layer. There are two not opposite one another Box clamping jaws limited by stops in their closing movements to always constant To enable gripping and parking positions.

In the process variant with four swivel arm loaders according to (Fig. 4a and 5), the work steps of the swing arm loader to provide the empty box position each carried out faster, and the gripper head forcibly twisted when translating. Because although these only move back after the bottle gripper head has been lifted off the empty crates should be returned before the bottle gripper head arrives ready on the pallet. The empty boxes are in the width of the pallet above and below the bottle conveyor tracks of the same width, right up to the The pick-up or drop-off point is transported over the pallet conveyor belt. In this closed one The cleaning of the crates takes place below the bottle conveyors.

The advantages that can be achieved with the invention are, in particular, the packing and unpacking of bottles, the packing. Depalletizing boxes, and the strapping of the loaded pallets directly from and onto the pallet side by side, depending on the required output, with one, two or four swivel arm loaders he follows. And such a swivel arm loader with little use of material is simple, and with high performance flowing vertical-horizontal movements executes.

For the user, this particularly reduces the expenditure for investments, Space and upkeep are significantly reduced.

The schematic drawings show: Fig. 1, 1a shows the method with a swing arm loader.

Fig. 2 shows the method with a swing arm loader as a variant with more power.

Fig. 3, 3a shows the method with a swivel arm loader in even further increased performance.

Fig. 4, 4a the method with two swing arm loaders for higher performance.

5 shows the method using four swivel arm loaders.

6 shows the gripping centering device of a swivel arm loader.

The method shown in FIGS. 1, 1a is described in greater detail below described.

At the beginning of the filling operation, the Unload pre-centered empty pallets using a swivel arm loader, and the resulting Empty box layers placed on the pallet at the loading point. Once all machines the bottling plant are filled with bottles, and the bottle collection point is sufficient Has bottles, the filling of the empty crates on the pallet begins. It the box positions on the empty pallet are leveled out by hand in such a way that subsequent the pallets are filled and emptied at the same time.

The gripping devices have picked up a layer of filled bottles and empty bottle crates, and wait above the loading station until a circuit indicates that the empty pallet is ready. The swivel arm then moves vertically downwards until the empty boxes touch the empty rivet first. whereby each time the first box position on the pallet, the switching and crate gripping jaws (12) are triggered, and the bottles can be placed in the crates by lowering them further.

(The box layer centering bars (14) are not addressed.) The bottle gripping elements (19), the centering cones (13a) and the box clamping jaws (12) loosen or open at the same time. And by taking off and turning forward At 900, the gripping devices come over the empty pallet (c). When lowering of the gripping devices on the topmost box layer, come first Bottle centering form (13) with the centering cones (13a) attached underneath for Resting. The box gripping jaws (12) are now placed with a predetermined closing pressure four sides around the box layer, and the enveloped centering cone are compressed air applied.

At the same time, the bottle heads are of the bottle gripping elements (19) reached and gathered in the boxes. After lifting the swivel arm and rotating it forwards at another 900, the bottle and crate layers are perpendicular via the empty bottle storage area (d), which are close together, and the turning platform (e). While this is still the setting movement, a slider crank drive has the box gripping centering shape Moved out to the side below the bottle gripping device by at least the width of the pallet. By lowering and then releasing the gripping elements, the empty Bottles on the discharge station (d) and the empty crate position on the turning platform (e) turned off. The gripping devices lift off and lower again to pick up the cleaned box layer after the turning platform (s) with the uncleaned Turned boxes down by 1800. Hit this twist to get the bottom in Cleaned boxes in waiting position for resumption upwards. To Acceptance of this crate layer is also carried out by the crate cleaning system (f) a cleaned box layer on the turning platform (s) promoted, this with a Half-turn brought down, and the uncleaned that came up as a result Box layer fed to the box cleaning system. The swivel arm with the 0 added The crate position now rotates back by 270 to over the bottle collecting table (a). And at the same time the bottle gripping elements (19) are opened by moving the bottle formation adapted to the bottle collecting table.

Lagged through with the full bottles also included here Rotate forward by 900 the bottle and crate position over the full pallet (b) . The bottle gripping elements (19) are back to the crate formation on the pallet adapted, and the crate gripper is perpendicular under the bottle gripper head has been brought. After lowering to the topmost box layer on the full pallet (b) the box clamping jaws (12) are now up to the complete introduction of the bottles in the box position, kept closed. And the tight-fitting box layer centering bars (14) are centered by the protruding arms attached to the bottle head frame (10) partially pushed out over the box layer below.

These operations are repeated until the pallet is full (b) has reached the desired number of crate layers or all layers on the empty pallet (c) are removed .; The pallet is secured in the last or penultimate crate layer that is, the layer strapping is carried out.

The loaded pallet is removed and the empty one at the same time The pallet that has become empty is transferred to the loading station after turning 900. And a The following empty pallet arrives at the unloading position.

Towards the end of the filling time, the machines are run empty Pallets created at the start of operations with empty, cleaned boxes, the unloading station fed.

In order to achieve better performance with this system, as in (Fig. 2) shown, the empty boxes from the box cleaning system (f) directly to the Box parking space (g) transported.

And with a further performance-increasing variant according to Fig. 3 and 3a, a swing arm loader is set up to rotate continuously by 3600. For one The gripping and centering devices are rotated four times over the entire work cycle 900 rotated further.

With Fig. 4, 4a, a variant of the method is shown with the high performance can be achieved. There are two swivel arm loaders next to each other and repelling each other diagonally to the bottle and pallet loading areas set up.

And such a swivel arm loader leads with the gripping centering devices a flowing vertical and horizontal movement when translating. Where for these transfer movements only a drive is required, and the pivot angle is preferably 900.

It is with the gripping devices from the bottle collection point (a) and empty crate space (g) a layer of bottles and crates added, and parked again on the full container (b).

And the second swivel arm loader takes from the empty pallet (c) a layer of bottles and crates and places them on the bottle conveyor table (d) and on the turning platform (e) again After turning the Box layer, the boxes are cleaned below the bottle conveyor tracks, and for the renewed admission to the empty box space (g) is promoted.

According to FIG. 5, two swivel arm loaders are used for a packing and palletizing process set up in such a way to the parking spaces that they are each synchronized with a common Can work towards a pallet loading point.

The empty boxes move in the width of the layers above and below of the bottle conveyor tracks, to over the pallet conveyor track near the pallet loading areas (b, c), from where they are received or submitted directly. The box cleaning position below the bottle conveyor tracks is adapted to this multi-row box flow. And the swivel arm loader for empty crate layers works faster than the one for bottles.

- eerseiie -

Claims (12)

Process for layer-by-layer loading and depalletizing, packing and unpacking, Strapping and cleaning of bottle crates or other piece goods. P A T E N T A N 5 P R Ü G H E 1.)) Process for continuous placement and removing e.g. bottle crates on and from pallets directly next to each other, with simultaneous packing and unpacking of the crates, with full crate inspection and strapping the loaded pallet, with turning, some, and picking up the cleaned one Boxes while maintaining the layer formation, d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n é t that with the gripping and centering elements of a centrally positioned Device e.g. a swivel arm loader, one layer from a bottle collection point (a) Bottles and at the same time a layer of crates from an empty crate space (g) and when translating to the pallet loading area (b) the box position is moved vertically under the bottle position, so that when it is set down on the full container first put the empty crates on, and then the bottles get into the crates, and then a layer of bottles from an empty pallet at the unloading point (c) and boxes are detected, and the box layer is moved out to the side during translation is to move the bottles and crates at the same time next to each other on a bottle removal station (d) and set down on a box turning platform (e), and the box position after Use the gripper arm to turn directly into the crate cleaning system (f) on the right, can be cleaned in this way, and then, if necessary, quickly returned to the turning platform (e) be brought back to where they are picked up and with additional from the bottle collection point (a) detected bottles that are filled on the full pallet, or the empty crates after cleaning directly to the empty crate storage area (g) next to the bottle collection area (a) be transported. 2.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a swivel arm loader is set up centrally between the bottle and pallet loading areas, CFig. 1 and 1a) and the working positions by three successive Horizon-0 valley movements by 90 each, and then cleaned after resuming a layer Crates can be reached by moving backwards by 270 °, and next to the empty bottle delivery point (d) for dispensing a layer of dirty boxes or receiving a layer of cleaned ones Boxes, there is a turning platform (s) that can rotate around its own axis, and the subsequent box cleaning in layers directly next to the turning platform without Interposition of conveyor belts takes place. 3.) Method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that this Crate cleaning system (f) has a conveyor arm with rake-like driver fingers, which comes from above into the box layer on the turning platform (s), and this then, when creating intermediate distances, feeds into the crate cleaning system, where they are slowly led in rows past spray nozzles, and after cleaning can be quickly returned to the turning platform without any gaps between them. 4.) The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the Working positions for packing and palletizing from the gripping centering devices can be achieved by three successive horizontal movements of 900 each, but then to increase the performance, the gripping devices immediately 270 ° to be moved back from the bottle collection point (a) and next to it on the empty crate storage space (g) a layer of boxes and bottles to hold at the same time, with cleaning of the empty boxes during transport to the empty box storage area. 5.) The method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the Working positions by continuously turning the gripping devices forward, with a centrally positioned swivel arm loader, each of which can be reached by 900, (Fig. 3, 3a) and the inclusion of a layer of cleaned boxes, depending on the performance goal from the turning platform (e), or from the empty crate storage area (g) next to the bottle collection area takes place at the same time as the bottles. 6.) Method according to claim 1 and the following, characterized in that that for the continuous packing, palletizing and strapping of bottle crates two Swing arm loader according to (Fig. 4, 4a) side by side and facing away from each other, respectively diagonally to a bottle storage area (a or d) and to a pallet loading area (b or c) are set up, and their gripping - centering devices for picking up or dispensing of a layer of bottles and crates in a vertical - horizontal - flow movement between a bottle space / empty crate space and a pallet loading space be moved back and forth by 90 °, and the empty boxes after turning with the Empty crate storage space (s) designed for this purpose cleaned below the bottle conveyor tracks and be conveyed on to the beer crate storage space (g). 7.) Method according to claim 1 and 6, characterized in that each two swivel arm loaders work for a pallet loading point (Fig. 5) by one only with bottle gripping devices, and the other only with the crate gripping centering -and pallet strapping devices, with a swing arm loader for box gripping diagonally to a pallet loading area and to an above dsr Pallet conveyor track, each brought up to close to the pallet loading area, empty crate conveyor track is set up, and this gripping centering head is forcibly rotated during the transfer movement and works faster than the swivel arm loader with dn bottle gripping devices, and the transport of empty crates in a closed circuit above and below of the same width bottle conveyors takes place in the width of the pallet layer. 8.) Method according to claim 1, 6 and 7, characterized in that between the two pallet loading areas (b, c) (Fig. 4) the pallet conveyor is covered flat, and underneath there is at least one empty pallet, whereby this accessible area of a supervisor for control and service purposes can serve, and behind the visible accident protection devices attached there mechanical grippers can be operated safely without having to shut down the system, For example, when removing transverse bottles or other disruptive foreign bodies. 9.) The method according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that the side adjustable at the bottle collecting table (a), just above the bottle conveyor belts optical eye is attached so that it is immediately after the start of lift-off a 0 layer of jammed bottles swiveled by 90, and thereby the entire footprint for this position of bottles scans for any remaining bottles, wherein in the positive case a warning signal is triggered, and in this way a completeness check of the bottles in the filled crates on the pallet is guaranteed. 10.) Method according to claim 1 and the following, characterized in that that for the trouble-free introduction of the bottles into the crates on the crate gripping device a centering mold covering the box handle strips in a roof-shaped manner is provided (13, Fig.b) and for the non-slip holding of the empty box position below this centering form (13), center cones covered with an elastic cover are attached so that these in the free spaces of four boxes lying next to each other at the corner points can immerse, and by expanding the shell, the box layer at these central Clamped inner surfaces, with gripping jaws (12) the boxes from the outside with higher Apply pressure, and that also on the holding frame (21) of the box gripping device, for strapping the loaded pallet, a tape guide channel with tensioning and welding elements is appropriate. 11.) The method according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that for securely engaging the stacked crate layers when they are placed on top of each other on the pallet, with the downward movement of the grippers, below the Box gripping jaws (12) attached centering beam (14) tightly down to the bottom are partially pushed out over the underlying box layer, and that To remove the strapping from the empty pallets on a box gripping jaw Cutting tools are attached. 12.) The method according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that the packing and unpacking of the bottles, as well as the palletizing and depalletizing of the crates including pallet strapping and strapping removal, directly from or onto the pallet, directly next to each other using one, two or four swivel arm loaders he follows.