DE3039289A1 - Cooling system for dwelling house - circulates fluid through heat exchanger and through underground tank - Google Patents

Abstract

The house (1) cooling system uses a fluid to transfer heat from the house to a lower temperature underground region. The house is provided with a cold storage room (4) for food. This is fitted with a heat exchanger in the form of a pipe coil (5), connected to an underground tank (3) which contains a suitable liquid. This liquid is circulated through pipes (6-8) and extracts heat from the cold room and gives it up to the soil surrounding the tank. By fitting a heat pump (12) in the circuit the process can be reversed with the fluid receiving heat from the soil and then transferring this heat to a second fluid which is circulated through radiators inside the house.

Description

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PATENTANWÄLTE OUG3ZQ3 -η

DR-ING. R. DOERING - J5 - DiPL.-PHYS. DR. J. FRICKE

BRAUNSCHWEIG MUNICH

Alexander Kückens

Schillerstr. 22nd
2067 Reinfeld / H.

"Method for utilizing geothermal energy for heat consumers or an arrangement for generating heat, especially for Residential and household purposes "

The invention relates to a method for utilizing geothermal energy for heat consumers, especially for residential and household purposes which the geothermal energy from geothermal collectors is absorbed and fed via a heat transfer fluid to a heat pump, which the Heat consumer supplied. An arrangement for heat recovery is used to carry out this process, especially for living quarters and households purposes, with at least one heat pump and one or more connected to the heat-absorbing side of the or each heat pump Geothermal collectors.

It is known and has already been made usable that a heat potential that is largely independent of the season is at a depth of about 2 m with a temperature between about A and 6 C is available. It is known to utilize this heat potential to lay heat collectors over a large area in the ground, which are attached to the heat-absorbing side of a heat pump.

are closed. These known arrangements have the disadvantage in that relatively large areas have to be made available for laying the collectors. This requirement is often not fulfilled or in many cases encounters difficulties that can hardly be overcome. A large-scale tap of the ground is necessary because the ground is only a relatively poor conductor of heat and therefore the heat flows into the geothermal collectors only very slowly. Only in a few cases is the groundwater level sufficiently high or is the soil moisture is permanently high enough to rule out this problem. Another problem is that the Heat transfer fluid contained in the geothermal collectors is pumped in the circuit. The heat transfer fluid that the heat pump uses Has largely withdrawn heat, so it returns to the ground via the geothermal collectors in order to warm up again to be able to. In order to prevent hypothermia with the risk of icing up as a result of too rapid a heat exchange occur in the ground, it has been customary to train the ground collectors in the form of plastic pipes, since such pipes have approximately the same thermal conductivity as the surrounding soil.

It is also already known to use underground tanks instead of the large-area underground collectors in order to simultaneously provide a sufficiently large storage volume of heat transfer fluid. Sufficient heat can be withdrawn from it over a limited period of time, even if the soil is not in the same 7th « ¹ Lt, the equal amount of heat again · nuc-lux'h U

However, such a system requires longer periods of rest, so that several such underground tanks have to be put into operation in parallel. Ground collectors designed as underground tanks in connection with heat pumps can therefore only be used to a limited extent.

It is the object of the invention to provide a method and a corresponding arrangement of the type described in more detail at the beginning, with those for a heat consumer unit, e.g. a house without large-area ground collectors, the heat required can be supplied continuously and at low cost.

For this purpose, according to the new method, a storage volume to heat transfer fluid, the geothermal energy directly and the waste heat generated in the heat consumer unit directly or indirectly fed. With this concept, the heating requirement of a heat consumer unit is covered with little effort, at the same time, within the framework of this concept, the waste heat generated by such a heat consumer unit can be reused is made. A heat consumer unit is understood here to be a residential unit. It can be a Single-family home, to an apartment building, but also to a Rent or office building or the like. Act. Preferably, it is about the generation of heat for residential and household purposes.

It is known that every household is a great consumer of energy, but also a great waste of energy. Alone the energy consumption for the chillers in refrigerators and freezers or the like will be the same for the FRG

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assumed as the electricity consumption in the whole of agriculture or as 70% of the electricity consumption of the Federal Railways and Transport companies. But the wastewater and service water that accumulates in houses and households also play a significant role contributes to waste of energy, as this leads to huge amounts of heat being discharged into the sewer system.

With the new process, a large part of the heat is consumed the type of waste heat in question is fed to the heat transfer fluid stored in the ground. Through this the regeneration of the ground collector, which is formed by the storage volume, is significantly accelerated. It can even the relatively low thermal conductivity of the surrounding soil for the temporary storage of these recovered Heat are used, so that the heat capacity available for the heat pump well above the Heat capacity of the storage volume. Above all, it is now possible to use a simple fluid storage tank as a ground collector to use, so that a large-scale relocation of geothermal collectors is no longer necessary. Such a Underground tanks of, for example, 1m in diameter and 12m in length can be used in practically any residential unit in the area or in the immediate vicinity Place near the excavation. It is particularly advantageous if the fluid storage tank has a jacket made of a material that conducts heat well, especially made of metal. With regard to good heat transfer and a long service life it has proven to be particularly advantageous to manufacture the underground tanks from centrifugal cast and preferably ra.lt far in

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the surrounding soil reaching heat-absorbing wings or the like. To be provided. Despite continuous operation, the There is no risk of icing, as there is sufficient waste heat available in a residential unit to accelerate the process the regeneration of the storage volume can be used. In addition, one can see the area of the earth in which the storage volume is intended to specifically influence its thermal conductivity. In periods when in the surrounding soil If mainly heat is to be stored, a low thermal conductivity of the ground is an advantage. In times in from which heat is to be withdrawn from the ground quickly and over long periods of time, on the other hand, is a high thermal conductivity of the surrounding area Earth cheap. This higher thermal conductivity can be controlled by moistening the soil. Included It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the rainwater that accumulates on the residential unit is used to control the The thermal conductivity of the relevant area of the earth is used by directing the accumulating rainwater into this area of the earth seeps away. This not only uses the heat absorbed by the rainwater, but also uses it especially the heat transfer behavior of the surrounding soil is improved.

In view of the large energy consumption in households for cooling purposes, it is particularly advantageous if another Storage volume of heat transfer fluid is provided, which continuously has a substantially constant temperature in the ground is exposed to the cold heat transfer fluid

Taken from storage volume and with this via a heat exchanger or via a cooling system built into the residential unit Heat is removed from the spacious cooling chamber and / or the living rooms of the residential unit and fed to the first storage volume will. With regard to the fact that the earth temperature in corresponding depths (about 2m 'earth depth) independent of the Seasons is essentially constant and is about 2 to 6 C, this second storage volume is used by the housewife a pantry or cooling chamber with a temperature between 4 to 10 ° is made available, whereby the energy consumption is only the effort for the operation of a corresponding circulation pump is the line system between the second storage volume and is assigned to the cooling chamber. At the same time, the heat transfer fluid is discharged from the cooling chamber with the heat transfer fluid Heat is supplied to the first storage volume and is thus usefully available to the heat pump. Appropriately can a freezer or a freezer can be arranged in the cooling chamber, the cooling fluid the condenser of this Unit cools. This heat is also fed to the first storage volume. The two storage volumes can be in one be connected to a closed circuit, the heat transfer fluid from the first storage volume in a cool zone this volume is withdrawn and fed to the second storage volume or cooling tank. The arrangement is expedient taken in such a way that the two tanks are connected to one another in terms of flow, but with regard to heat transfer are largely separated from each other.

The ones made out of dishwashers, washing machines, and bathrooms Toilets and the like. Waste water produced is advantageously instead of directly into the septic tank or into the municipal sewage network, a heat exchanger is fed to the first Storage volume is assigned, so that the heat from this waste water and service water is absorbed by the storage volume will. The heat exchanger can be designed as a simple, slightly inclined downpipe that runs directly through the first reservoir geieioci, wxiu. were enusprecnenae ribs or the like. a sufficient heat exchange can be ensured. According to the required inclination, the associated underground tank be arranged accordingly slightly inclined in the ground.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to schematic drawings of several exemplary embodiments.

Show it:

Figure 1 in a simplified representation of a residential unit with the arrangement according to the invention.

FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of the first storage volume and the associated one Heat exchanger that is connected to the collection line for waste water and service water.

FIG. 3 shows, in detail, a modified embodiment with a storage tank and a thermal conductivity

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of the adjacent soil controlling device and

Figure A shows the preferred embodiment in perspective of a storage tank.

In the example shown, the residential unit 1 is, for example, a single-family dwelling. But it can also be a residential unit act in a tenement house or the like.

The residential unit 1 has a heat pump 2 for the preparation of hot water and possibly also for heating purposes, the heat-absorbing side of which is denoted by 3 and the heat-emitting side by h . The heat-emitting side A of the heat pump 2 is connected to hot water storage tanks 6, possibly via heat exchangers (not shown). In the example shown, several intermediate storage tanks connected in parallel are provided in order to be able to put one or more tanks into operation as required. Likewise, instead of the one shown heat pump 2, it can be useful to provide several heat pumps connected in parallel, which can also be started up individually or in groups. The hot water requirement of the residential unit is taken from the storage tanks 6 (not shown). In addition, the heating system, especially a floor or wall heater 5, is connected to the storage tanks 6, to which heating convectors 7 can also be connected in series or in parallel, which can be switched on to quickly warm up living spaces, while the wall or floor heating is intended for continuous operation . The Ver-

different elements can be switched on and off by valves 24, the valves and the other units automatically through a central automatic control system can be operated.

The heat pump 2 takes the required heat from a heat transfer fluid, which is fed to the heat-absorbing side 3 of the heat pump via line 11. The heat transfer fluid is thereby taken from a correspondingly large supply or a storage volume, which is at a corresponding depth below the surface of the earth 13 is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the residential unit 1. For this purpose, an elongated underground tank 10 is provided, which is arranged lying at a depth 14 in the ground. The underground tank 10 serving as a fluid reservoir has a jacket made of a material that conducts heat well, in particular made of metal. The tank 10 is preferably manufactured using centrifugal casting. A functional one The size for a single-family house of around 150 square meters is 1 m in diameter and 12 m in length. By manufacturing In centrifugal casting, the tank does not require any coating to act as a corrosion layer, which usually has a severe adverse effect on the heat transfer capacity. The storage tank 10 is like shown on the tank container 45 of Figures 3 and 4, advantageously with reaching into the surrounding soil Heat transfer elements such as blades 46 are provided.

The return line 12 of the heat pump 2 can be the fluid reservoir 10 be assigned. The return line 12 is preferably continued and via a line connection 17 to a second storage volume, which is in the form of a cooling tank 15 of same or similar type as the fluid storage 10 in the ground

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is richly arranged. The cooling tank 15 is preferably arranged at such an installation depth 16 under the earth's surface 13, that the heat transfer fluid stored in the cooling tank 15 is independent of the seasons and weather conditions constant temperature between 2 and 6 ° C. The cooling tank 15 is offset from the storage tank 10 in such a way that that between the two tanks or between the areas of the earth assigned to the tanks there is a direct heat exchange not taking place.

The cooling tank 15 is connected to the residential unit 1 via a line 18 and a circulation pump 23. The heat transfer fluid is thereby as a cooling liquid to a heat exchanger 20 in a cooling room built into the residential unit 1 or a Larder 19 fed. This replaces the usual refrigerator and has a multiple storage volume compared to this. The cooling space is created by the circulating liquid held in the line 18 at a constant adjustable temperature between 2 ° and 10 ° C. Is preferred in that Cold room also a freezer unit or a freezer 21 is arranged, the condenser 22 of which by the cooling liquid is cooled directly. As a result, the energy requirement for the freezer or the freezer unit 21 is only a fraction the energy demand of common comparable units.

The cooling liquid circulated in the line 18 via the circulating pump 23 can, if necessary, also be transferred to the heating pipe system or the heating convectors 7 of the residential unit 1 in order to ensure that the living spaces are

desired temperature to cool down. The system costs are low because the heating system also cools the living spaces is used. The running operating costs are low, since only the energy for the circulation pump is used for cooling 23 is to be applied. The volume of the cooling tank 15 is sufficiently large enough to both in hot seasons to cool the cold room and freezer as well as the living rooms to the desired temperature.

The particular advantage of this arrangement is that the cooling liquid in the residential unit 1 absorbed heat is not returned directly to the ground, but to the heat transfer fluid in the storage volume 10 is forwarded. As a result, the heat generated during cooling is stored in the tank 10. As a result, the regenerative capacity of the tank 10 serving as a ground collector becomes essential improved and it is a permanent extraction of heat from the tank 10 by the heat pump 2 possible. To increase the regenerative capacity of the storage volume 10 and to return more Waste heat from the residential unit 1 is assigned to the underground tank 10 a heat exchanger 43 (Fig. 2 to 4), which is connected to the collection system 41 for sewage and service water is connected. In the Collection system 41 normally flows all wastewater and service water for example from washing machines, dishwashers, from sinks and bathtubs and from toilets or the like. The heat normally discharged into the sewage system with this waste water is transferred to the heat exchanger in the new training 43 to the storage volume of the fluid reservoir 40 tensile

before the wastewater reaches the sewer or septic tank at 42 in Figure 2. This heat can also be direct and immediately recovered by the heat pump, so that the new arrangement is a real one Heat recycling system. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the heat exchanger 43 can be provided with ribs or the like Downpipe be designed with a shallow slope, as is required for the disposal of sewage. In the same sense the underground tank 40 can also be laid inclined to the horizontal.

The absorption of geothermal energy by the underground tank 45 in FIG. 3 can be significantly improved by the blades 46. A Another important contribution to this is made by a further measure, which can also be seen from FIG. Here the Ground area 47, in which the underground tank 45 is arranged, influenced with regard to its thermal conductivity. This can be done through change the earth moisture in this area can be achieved. One can influence the soil moisture by, for example, using the heat pump (return of the supercooled thermal fluid in the tank 45) trigger a condensation of moisture in the surrounding area 47 of the earth. But you can also from let water seep into this area of the earth 47 from the surface of the earth. This is preferred on residential unit 1 accumulating rainwater collected and brought to infiltration via a humidifying device 15 into the floor area 57, as indicated at 51. As a result, the air heat absorbed by the rainwater is also fed into the ground, while, on the other hand, the thermal conductivity of the ground is significantly increased, which also means that

remote areas of the earth heat is fed to the underground tank 45. The rainwater from the roof surface 48 and the collection system 49 can be kept in stock to prevent seepage Needs to be able to make.

With the new arrangement, you get an intensive return of waste heat from a residential unit 1, with large amounts of energy can be saved through this return on the one hand but also through substantial savings in primary energy on the other hand. A significant proportion of the energy required to operate refrigerators and freezer units is saved. A large proportion of the energy that would have to be used for air conditioning the living spaces is also saved. Due to the intensive heat recovery, the use of geothermal collectors is only made sensible, as there are no large ones for them More areas are needed.

When arranging a sufficient intermediate storage volume through the storage tanks 6 can be achieved that during the normal heating periods, the heat pump 2 can only be operated at night using the cheap night electricity tariff needs. By connecting several storage tanks 6 and several heat pumps 2 in parallel, the entire system is essential more flexible and independent of any malfunctions. The acquisition costs are also much lower because the smaller ones Units for both storage tanks and heat pumps are comparatively cheaper than the larger units.

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The investment costs are, especially in the case of new buildings, compared to the conventional systems relatively low, since the heating system is also used for air conditioning and compared to Fridges and freezers have much larger cold storage space in the cost of purchase and the running costs are significantly are cheaper than the usual refrigerators and freezers. There is also no need for excessive insulation of the cold room, since the heat penetrating into the cooling space from the outside can be transferred to the storage tank 10. The costs for the two tanks 10 and 15 are not higher than in the case of otherwise conventional geothermal collector systems, but the tanks 10 and 15 can be used in practically every case, which is not the case with large-area collectors. Because the heat pump A large part of the total waste heat is supplied via the storage tank 10, is the power consumption of the heat pump comparatively low.

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Claims (13)

* * ι «A I * PATENTANWÄLTE DR.-ING. R. DÖRING DIPL.-PHYS. DR. J. FRICKE BRAUNSCHWEIG MtJNCHEE N claims 1.) Procedure for utilizing geothermal energy for heat consumers, inst for residential and household purposes, in which the geothermal energy is absorbed by geothermal collectors and a heat transfer fluid is used Heat pump is supplied, characterized in that a storage volume of heat transfer fluid is the geothermal energy directly as well as the waste heat occurring in the heat consumer is supplied directly or indirectly. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that a further storage volume of heat transfer fluid, which continuously maintains a substantially constant temperature in Is exposed to the ground, cold heat transfer fluid is removed and with this via a heat exchanger or a pipe system Heat is withdrawn from a cooling chamber and / or the rooms of the heat consumer and fed to the first storage volume will. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thermal conductivity of the earth region, in which the first storage volume is introduced, by controlling the soil moisture, in particular by introducing rainwater in the earth area. 3a. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the return of the heat pump in Depending on the return temperature, fed to the second storage volume instead of the first storage volume becomes when the return temperature is the cooling temperature of the second storage volume is reached or falls below this. 4. Arrangement for heat generation for heat consumers, especially for residential and household purposes, with a heat pump and a or several geothermal collectors connected to the heat-absorbing side of the heat pump through the combination of the features that as a ground collector an elongated one which also serves as a fluid reservoir Underground tank with a thermally conductive jacket, e.g. made of metal, especially made of centrifugal casting, is provided and the A line system (30) or (41) is assigned to the underground tank (10), by means of which the flowable carrier of waste heat from the heat consumer brought into direct or indirect thermal contact with the underground tank (10) or its storage tank filling can be. 5. Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that that one or more, the sewage or industrial water lines (41) collecting the heat consumer (1) are provided with one or more heat exchangers (43), which are arranged in thermal contact with the storage tank filling of the fluid reservoir (10) or (40). 6. Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that that the heat exchanger (43) in the form of a gradient pipe built into the fluid reservoir (40) for the waste water is trained. 7. Arrangement according to one or more of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the fluid reservoir (10) is equipped with heat exchange elements (46) reaching into the adjacent soil. 8. The arrangement according to one or more of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the soil (47), in which the fluid reservoir (45) is arranged, a humidifying device (50) is assigned to which a rainwater alarm system (48,49) of the heat consumer (1) is connected. 9. The arrangement according to one or more of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that in addition to the Fluid storage tank (10) at least one further, elongated underground tank (15) with a thermally conductive jacket, e.g. made of metal, in particular from centrifugal casting, is provided, which via a circulation system (18,30) a heat exchanger (20) in a cooling chamber (19) and / or, if necessary, the pipeline system (5) or the convectors (7) of a heating and / or Cooling system feeds with a cooling fluid, and that the circulation system is designed so that the cooling fluid after heat absorption comes into direct or indirect thermal contact with the fluid storage tank (10) or its storage filling. 10. The arrangement according to claim 9, characterized in that the fluid storage tank (10) and the cooling tank (15) in series in the circulation system (18,30,31,17) for the Kühlfulid arranged and connected to one another in terms of flow, but separated from one another with regard to heat transfer are. 11. Arrangement according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that g e k e η η drawing ' net that in the cooling chamber (19) a freezer or freezer unit (21) is arranged, the heat emitting Part (22) can be cooled by the cooling fluid. 12. The arrangement according to one or more of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that two elongated underground tanks (10, 15) offset from one another and used in different installation depths (T., T ₂ ) in the immediate vicinity of the heat consumer (1) in the ground in such a way are that the two installation areas are in no direct heat exchange. 13. Arrangement according to one or more of claims 9 to 12, in which the heat-emitting side of the or each heat pump connected directly or via a heat exchanger to one or more hot water storage tanks to which as a Consumption point, a floor or wall heating system and / or heating convectors can be connected, characterized in that the heating system (5) and / or the heating convectors (7) can optionally be connected to the cooling fluid feed side of the cooling tank (15).