DE3005910A1 - Low temp. waste heat utilisation - uses ground heat, earth heat storage ability and deep long term storage - Google Patents

Abstract

The system utilises and stores low temp. waste heat from power stations and industrial plants. The heat may be used directly, or after further heating by heat pumps, to heat rooms and water, esp. in multi-storey buildings, and swimming pools. Excess heat, and any other waste heat, is stored in a storage medium at great depth, or in the ground itself. When withdrawing heat, the medium is cooled to below its freezing point, utilising any latent heat, and heat is withdrawn from the surrounding ground, which is at a higher temp. After withdrawal, the storage medium is heated by warmth from the ground and solar radiation. Excess heat from the rooms is fed via a cooling system into a long term store.

Description

Heating system for using and storing low-temperature heat.

Description: The invention is based on the object, in large narrow low-temperature waste heat from power plants and industrial plants of any kind Art to make them usable for heating rooms and swimming pools. Through degradation of available heat and recovery of waste heat from the household and heat pumps the area that can be walked on should be increased.

A large part of the power plants transfers the waste heat with the help of cooling towers unused to the ambient air ozw. de river water. endeavor to use this waste heat encounter the following difficulties: Power plants are based, the energy so far as possible to use for power generation. This results in waste heat at temperatures which are too low for the flow of conventional radiator heating systems. In the long Lines up to the residential areas result in a further reduction of the losses Effect temperature. The use of the power plant waste heat is often with the waiver connected to the full utilization of the available energy to generate electricity.

The heat requirement for building heating is very different depending on the season. Power plants have to generate electricity all year round, inevitably also in the Summer large amount: waste heat is generated at a time when heating the building very little is needed. The need is also right in the other seasons in terms of heating energy only coincides with the accumulation of waste heat for a relatively short period of time. So can only use the entire amount of daily waste heat at peak demand Heating energy can be used to heat buildings in a few weeks of the year. the The rest of the heat must be transferred to the surrounding air or to rivers. To be used large cooling towers with high investment and operating costs.

Difficulties related to the local increase in river water temperature are connected. kcmmen danu.

The storage of heat has so far been largely based on temperatures concentrated, which were suitable for the pre-run of the heating system. Also low temperature storage with various chemical storage media are known. Latent storage with water in cubic or rectangular containers have been added. heating systems the individual Taking advantage of such components2 are also known.

The disadvantages of the previously known systems are: Heat storage at Temperatures of 50 - 900 C must be very high for year-round supply. They have to be isolated very well and lose one over the long storage period considerable share of the stored heat.

They have to be housed in expensive enclosed spaces. The so far known latent memories have some considerable advantages, but they have to forego up to 50% of the latent heat in order to prevent the storage container from bursting to avoid when increasing the volume of the storage medium during icing (heat pumps, publisher C.F, Müller, pages 177 and 178). Previously known latent storage systems were provided about to be buried under the earth's surface, where they lose some of their heat recovering heat from the ground. You hold out their cool storage mass their immediate surroundings longer than their surroundings. Through this the roots of the plants become longer than those of the other plants over the memory kept cool, with corresponding consequences for their growth also their accommodation among other usable areas has disadvantages for traffic and the surrounding area. Such latent storage housed just below the surface of the earth2 with an unfavorable ratio between their outer surface to the storage volume, withdraw from the soil only slightly amounts of warmth. The aim of the invention is to remedy these and other disadvantages which are known so far Avoid heating systems and develop other advantages at the same time. To the solution The aim is to use the heat especially from the depths of the problem Earth, with the ability of the final mass to store heat in the long term and to cover the tips by means of long-term rigs in drilled holes or another type. Long-term storage in deep boreholes was registered with the patent office under P 30 03 007.0. The advantages of these and other components to heating systems for heat supply Unifying buildings of any size is one of the objectives of this invention.

If the temperature of the carrier liquid is sufficient from the heat source (1) the heating system (11) and the water heater are supplied with heat one after the other (9) and the short-term memory (10) are charged and the overheating in the long-term memory (65) introduced. The heat introduced meets the des in the long-term storage (65) preheated storage medium, usually used towards the end of winter or at the beginning in the spring on the withdrawal of heat from the long-term storage (65) waived. The cooled storage medium is made of the surrounding earth via the conductive Walls of the storage tank are supplied with heat from the earth's core. With greater depth with A quick supply takes place in the thin storage tank. The storage of excess heat will only start @onate later than the outside temperature will have risen. on this way is already a considerable amount towards the end of the game in the storage medium Amount of heat to be stored in next winter along with being preserved Proportion of the heat supplied later available to cover peak demand will stand.

Part of the heat supplied is via the conductive surfaces of the Storage container (65) transferred to the ground (66) by its large mass absorb a lot and only slightly increase the temperature. The size Messe des Erdreichs (66) will also have an isolating effect; especially in that it is constantly supplied with heat from the earth's core. the process run the other way round and some of the heat from the earth's core is in the form of latent heat of the storage medium, as well as parts of the supplied heat, partly in the storage medium, partly in the surrounding earth mass will be available. The heat extracted should be raised to the required flow temperature by means of heat pumps will. Where possible, the low-temperature underfloor heating should take precedence be conceded, as there is little temperature difference between the cold and On the warm side of the heat pumps, they work more economically. For existing Heating systems, especially in old buildings, will often increase the temperature additionally be useful via the waste heat from the internal combustion engine used for propulsion. Multi-level Heat pumps should be provided for higher flow temperatures.

Fig. 1 shows a variant of the heating system that is capable of the Perform main functions. With a sufficient amount of heat at a sufficient temperature we pass the cool carrier liquid through the cooler heat exchanger by means of a circulation pump (17) (1) of the facility.

where it absorbs the warmth. The heated carrier liquid arrives Via valve (26) to heating system (11), where it dissipates heat via its conductive surfaces to the transmits. Via circulation pump (12), mixing valve (27) and on straight flow With the valves (28-34) set, the cooled carrier liquid returns to the circulation pump (17), where the cycle begins again.

If the amount of heat and the temperature are sufficient, there will also be a water heater (9) charged To do this, valve (31) must be adjusted accordingly and circulation pump (14) be set in operation. then the cold via valve (38) and via valve (39) regulates the hot water and sends it to the hot water consumer (40).

The short-term memory (10) is stored according to the changed valve (30) and circulating pump (13) filled with heated carrier liquid.

At Sedarf, this is done via the correspondingly converted valve (29) and pumped into the stimulation system kil) by the pumping activity of the .wälzpume il2i. This means that heating energy is also available at times than the supply from the other components is not sufficient, or only works with the use of expensive drive energy Is possible after supplying the heating system (11) and filling the water heater (9) and the short-term storage (10) heat available, valve (33) is accordingly changed over and the circulation pump (15) started. This creates the carrier fluid passed via valve (24) through the transmission line (35) of the long-term storage (65), where it transfers its heat to the storage medium. Since the carrier liquid after their Heat dissipation in the heating system (11) or in the water heater (9) or short-term storage (10) through the transmission line (35) of the cooler long-term storage (65, flows, it will give off its heat in two installments. this will cool it down well.

If heat is required5, valve t32) is switched over, whereby the return flow from the consumers (9, 10, 11) is blocked. After changing the Valve (25) and commissioning of the circulation pump (15), the flows into the heat source (1) heated carrier liquid through the transmission line (35) and accordingly reversed valve (33). As a result, all of the supplied heat is stored. It should be noted that all of the functions mentioned so far have only a minor effect Umwälzenerg-e can be carried out.

If the temperature of the carrier liquid is too low to use the The compressor (6) of the heat pump system is used to feed the consumers 9, 10, 11, 67) in operation. The heat generated by the evaporator (5) is taken from the working substance of the heat pump system aufgencmmen in the compressor (6) and compressed via the condenser (7) with increased Temperature passed to the secondary circuit of the heating system, where it is used by consumers (9,10,11,67) is available During this process, the shut-off valve (22) must be opened and valve (32) to be switched to condenser (7).

If you want to store the residual heat after the evaporator (5), a valve must be used (33) to be switched to transmission line (35). This creates the carrier fluid passed via the circulation pump (15) and valve (24) through the transmission line (35), where the remaining heat - especially with moderate heat consumption - is transferred to the storage medium transmits.

As for the drive of the compressor (6) often high quality electrical Energy is used, it is expedient to use this during the validity of the low load tariff at a correspondingly low price to take advantage of and the heat obtained in this way to have in the short-term memory (10). If cooling mode is required, the valves must (26 and 26) to be switched to transmission line (36). By operating the Circulation pump (12) is the carrier liquid from the heating system (11) via a mixing valve (27), valve (28), transmission line (36) and valve (2b). It's functional to use an old, not yet charged long time storage for cooling operation, in order to make the carrier liquid correspondingly effective by keeping the temperatures as low as possible To achieve cooling. The relatively low temperature difference between long-term storage (65) with 0 - 5 ° C and heating system with 22 - 300 C can only have a corresponding cooling effect possible mohen. In in many cases this becomes relatively simple cooling operation Sufficient with only circulating energy. The storage of the withdrawn heat is a another advantage.

Compressor must only be used to extract heat from long-term storage (65) (6) be in operation, shut-off valve (22) open, valve (33) to transmission line (35) and mixing valve (3) can be completely switched over to evaporator (5).

For simultaneous withdrawal from the long-term storage tank (65) and heat source (1) The ratio of the withdrawal from the long-term storage must be determined via the mixing valve (34) (65) verden verden to the heat source (1).

To take from another long-term storage (65) cas valve (24) switched to the transmission line (36) and the shut-off valve (23) opened.

The heating system shown is suitable for input and output, depending on the design Apartment buildings. Additional consumers such as (11) should be connected through parallel connection (67) or any other type, in any number.

The variant shown in Fig. 1 is intended depending on the local possible chains and the need for heat to be expanded to include additional components.

Fig. 2 shows a variant with additional use of AbNrn.e from the suspension (41 and 42) and the drive with 2 heat pumps k3 and 6) different Size.

The used warm water from Ead (40) and household appliance (42) is over Heat exchanger (43) passed where its heat is transferred to the system's carrier fluid will. By operating the circulating pump (46) when the shut-off valve (45) is open the recovered heat is introduced into the store (65). After the wastewater has cooled down the shut-off valve (44) is controlled depending on the temperature, opened and the wastewater in directed the sewers.

The need for heating is subject to large fluctuations depending on the outside temperature. With a smaller heat pump, consisting of the evaporator (2), compressor (3), condenser (4) and expansion valve (16) should meet the moderate demand. With a second larger heat pump, consisting of evaporator (5), compressor t6), condenser (7) and expansion valve (8) should meet the increased demand.

When there is peak demand, both heat pumps should work at the same time.

Fig. 3 shows a variant which is suitable for mixing the Carrier liquids of the heat source (1) and the heating system to avoid the waste heat of the compressor (6) and to use the subcooling heat of the heat pump process, as well as the additional recovery of heat via air heat exchangers (55).

By using the heat exchanger (20), the circuit becomes the heat source (1) with the associated components t25,22,5,15,24, S5,33, S4, 17 or 64,53,54,55,52) separated from the rest of the heating system. This eliminates the use of carrier liquids different chemical composition allows. Transmission Line (63) should achieve the same goal by separating the circuits in the long-term storage (65) follow.

The heat loss of the heat pump compressor t6) is obtained by that the space between the cooling liquid jacket (19) and Verdichterkorper with carrier liquid filled, which by circulating pump (18) with the thermostatic valve (21) open in the evaporator heat exchanger (5) is introduced. The heat extracted there is then brought to a higher temperature and made available to consumers (9,10,11,67).

In the circuit of the nitrogen pump working substance is between the condenser (7) and expansion valve inserted the transfer line (37) reducing the supercooling heat of the heat pump process known method in the memory is introduced.

When the fan (54) and the circulating pump (53) are in operation with open system shut-off valve (64) and set to straight flow valve (52) is the over Air heat exchanger (55) recovered heat by means of transmission line (35) in the Long memory (65) introduced.

During operation of the heat pump (6), valve (52) becomes an evaporator (5) and thus the temperature of the heat collected is raised.

Fig. 4 shows a variant that uses the heat of the groundwater (50) to the goal h-t The groundwater (50) is transferred to the elastic via the primary circulating pump (47) Transfer line (48) is pumped from where it - after its heat in the long-term storage (65) was introduced - is then fed into a well (49). By the difference in height (H) of the water level in the two wells (49 and 50) seeps the water back to the nearby well (50), taking it out of the ground (65) heat up. i> '- Your circulation can only get to just above freezing point will. Overpressure valve t51) should vcr Protect damage.

Fig. 5 shows a variant, the additional heat from commercial and Industry should use. Commercial operations (56) (such as laundries, large kitchens, refrigeration systems in butcher shops and others ) should be 'valve (57) circulation pump (58) and transmission line k59) collect their waste heat in the long-term storage tank (65). The same goes for industrial plants of any kind Brin the transmission line (63) in the long-term memory (55).

Fig. 6 shows a variant in which, the heat pump compressor (6) is driven in a known manner by an internal combustion engine. The waste heat of the Drive motor t69) is introduced into the heat exchanger (71i) via the circulation pump (70), the secondary side of which is connected in series with the condenser (7) of the heat pump is. This further increases the temperature of the carrier liquid. The same applies to the cooling of the exhaust manifold (72) from which the künliquid speed is conducted via the heat exchanger i74i by means of a circulation pump (73). The exhaust gases Passed through heat exchanger (75), give inre heat as the last stage of the temperature increase away. The short-term memory (10) is intended to scnaffen the internal combustion engine , 6) turn off at certain times when his noises are perceived.

ur production of heat from any source i such as milk cooling, beer cooling, Waters or collectors) is the closure (77) via Vnetil (76) and connection (78) provided. Various devices can be connected here via hose or pipe which can be used at the same time by means of the existing heat pump (5,6,7,8) Sun work and heat recovery do sunbathing. For the affiliation of various Heat consumers (such as the heating of swimming pools, ancillary rooms, etc.) are on the warm side of the system, the connection (80) via valve (79), circulation pump (82) and Connection (81) provided. Fig. 7 shows one of the simplest variants of use the low-temperature heat with the ground (56) as a heat source, which in the course of slowly but steadily supplies heat to the long-term storage tank (65) during the warmer months of the year. The storage medium absorbs the heat and changes to a liquid state above.

Its temperature is approximated to that of the earth's mass. At the removal the heat, the heat pump compressor (6) and circulation pump (15) are put into operation. The carrier liquid cooled in the evaporator (5) is passed through the valve (24) Transmission line (35) passed where it takes heat from the long-term storage (65) and this dem Heat exchanger of the evaporator (5) transfers. By the activity of the heat pump (5,6,7,8) the temperature of the heat is raised and the stores (9 and 10) or the heating system (11). By turning around the valve (24) to transmission line (36) is made from further long-term memories (65) Heat removed. As by cooling the storage medium than below its freezing point the high latent heat is extracted, is a considerable heat reserve for cover of peak demand available. This is around the in the great earth mass in the nearer Surrounding the long-term storage (55) existing heat expanded, i.e. after abbreviation of the storage medium, further heat flows to it from the ground (66). Since that Earth as the only heat source - in addition to the drive energy of the heat pump r is the entire volume of the long-term spelchers (65) must be designed correspondingly high. Components are available to reduce the total volume of the long-term storage units Recovery (1;, 43, 71, 74, 75) and to expand the amount of heat (50, 55, 55, 50) as shown in FIGS. 2-6 are available.

The variants described are characterized in that they each the main components of a variable heating system with others as required combine.

The invention has the following advantages: Extensive use of low-temperature waste heat. Large amounts of previously unusable heat of any origin will be relatively stored by simple means and made available to meet peak demand.

The heat from the ground (66) is also used. The area over the long-term storage (65) can be used as required. The small footprint and the great depth for long-term storage is available everywhere. The long-term one Storage of the heat only needs a little circulating energy and remains without further Expenditure. Long-term, prefabricated and sunk to considerable depths, cause: relatively low investment. Long tent storage is safe, $ silent and environmentally friendly. There are no cooling towers. Yes, the long-term memory is cooled down to below 0 ° C, heat can be introduced at very low temperatures will. By using larger amounts of stored heat, there is the same power plant able to heat considerably more space than before if there is a need for seats. By the ability to extract heat from great depths is relatively simple in the lag with heat extraction only from the ground '6) with appropriate design using heat pumps to manage space heating in the temperate climate zone.

L e r s e i t e

Claims (1)

Heating system for the use and storage of low-temperature heat Patent claims: 1. A method for using and storing the low-temperature heat, characterized in that that there is a significant proportion of waste heat from power plants .1) and industrial areas, uses and this is expanded to include heat in case of origin that the supplied heat if the temperature is sufficient directly, otherwise after increasing their temperature by means of single or multi-stage heat pump process from space heating, - especially in Hochnäuser - hot water preparation, as well as swimming pool heating, is used that the excess heat, expanded by cheeks of any origin, at a low temperature below the surface of the earth, especially at great depths in the storage medium and in the large mass of the earth 60) is stored that when removing the stored Heat the storage medium is cooled to below its freezing point and at Transition from the liquid to the solid aggregate state, the entire amount of latent values is used that after cooling the memory below the temperature of the surrounding Erdreichs withdrew considerable amounts of heat from the @asse des Erdreichs (66) be that after the removal of heat is stopped, the cooled memory from the eggs and heat flows in from solar radiation via the earth mass, which with or chne The heat supplied is available for use that increases the temperature necessary high-quality drive energy of the heat pump process to cheap conductors to cover the needs, as well as for short-term storage is used to outside this heat in limited quantities and limited losses To provide the flow temperature of the heating and hot water preparation, that the excess heat of the puffs via the cooling operation in the long-term storage (652 is introduced that measures for the use and recovery of heat depending on Need and local possibilities are combined with each other that the storage the heat at low temperatures only takes place with the use of low circulating energy, that it is suitable, with appropriate design, only with added heat the soil (6c) supplemented by measures for short and long-term storage of Heat and use of drive energy for heat pumps to heat the space in the area the temperate zone to cope with 2. heating system to carry out the procedure according to claim 1, characterized in that the supplied heat at sufficient Temperature of the carrier liquid directly to the space heating system (11), water heater (9), short-term memory (10) as well as to any electrical consumers 680 and 81) If the temperature is insufficient, this is increased via the heat pump (5, 6, 7, 8) that is to store the excess heat as well as the heat of any origin Long-term storage (65) under the earth's surface, especially used in deep boreholes be, for carrier liquids of different chemical composition and degree of purity for each separate circuit with individually coordinated materials of the transmission lines (35, 36, 37, 48, 59 63) that are used for transmission the heat from the long-term storage (R5) to the ground (66) and vice versa, the walls of the safety container made of thermally conductive material were provided that to use the entire amount of latent heat of the storage medium the heat of the Long-term storage (65) were provided to accommodate the increase in volume of the storage medium to follow in its transition from the liquid to the solid state of aggregation, that 3 to take advantage of favorable operating times, especially the low-load tariff of electric drives short-term storage (9 and 10) were provided to cover the need outside of favorable operating hours can be claimed that to increase the temperature of the carrier liquid Heat pumps any Type in single and multi-stage design with any drive in any combination and any power were provided that for the removal of heat on the cold side the heat umpe connections (77 and 78) have been provided for any additional devices, that the warm side of the heat umpe is suitable for the release of heat, space heating systems (67) Any number, as well as other heat consumers, especially swimming pools To supply the connections (80 and 81) with heat, the components for the supply (1) Extraction (56, 50, 55), recovery (19, 37, 45, 59, 65, 71, 74, 75) and storage t9, 10, 65) of heat is provided, that it is suitable with the appropriate ratio between the total volume of the long-term storage tank (65) and the room to be heated, only with heat supplied from the ground (60) as a heat source, supplemented by short-term storage : 9 and 10) as well as the use of drive energy for heat pumps for the heating system to cope with in the temperate zone. 5. Heating system according to claim 2 characterized in that the excess heat with sufficient temperature via the circulating pump (14) and changed accordingly Valve 31) is introduced into the water heater 9) and then with sufficient amount by circulating pump (13) and correspondingly adjusted valve (50) in short-term memory (10) is collected to meet future needs. 4. Heating system according to claim 2, characterized gekennzeícenet that after coverage the current demand of the heating system (11) and filling the water heater (9) and the short-term storage (10) the available excess heat according to the appropriate Reversal of the valve (35) and activation of the circulation pump (15) in the long-term memory (65) is introduced. t. Heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that when it is too low Temperature of the carrier liquid of the heat source (1) of the compressor (6) of the heat pump put into operation, shut-off valve (22) opened and valve (32) reversed accordingly is, thereby via evaporator heat exchanger (5), loss heat exchanger (7) and Expansion valve (8) the temperature of the supplied heat is increased and for use is available. 6. Heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that during During the operation of the heat pump, the residual heat of the carrier liquid is removed via the circulation pump (15), transmission line (35) and correspondingly reversed valve (33) in the Long-term storage (65) is introduced. 7. Heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that it is suitable is over active areas of the heating system (11) after the valves have been converted accordingly (-6 and 28) and putting the circulation pump (12) into operation in the rooms concerned To extract heat until the temperature of the long-term storage (65) is lower than that of the rooms (cooling mode). o, heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that it is suitable is, the excess heat is the waste heat from households (41 and 42), trade (56), industry (60) and heat from air heat exchanger (55), groundwater (50), cooling operation, as well Any warmth of any origin in the long-term storage unit only with low circulating energy (65). 9. Heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that the An.ahl and the size of long-term memories (65), as well as their grouping and connection to the other components of the system, as well as the type and size of the heat pumps according to the respective needs. 10. Heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that.! the area is available for any use via the long-term memories (65) and by laying the cool storage medium in the depths and by means of thermal insulation the upper layer of the earth is only slightly cooled. 11. Heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that it is suitable is according to the highest possible use of energy for power generation or for industrial processes, the remaining low-temperature waste heat to save and use. 12 heating system according to claim 2, characterized in that as suitable is only with heat from the ground; 6c), supplied via appropriately designed Long-term storage (65) in deep boreholes, after their temperature has been increased by means of a drive train for heat pump, then enriched in water heater (9) and short-term storage (10) the heat demand for space heating in the temperate climate zone via a heating system (11) cover.