DE2928572A1 - Laminated friction or gliding elements - where steel substrate is covered with porous layer of aluminium bronze used to anchor friction layer of polymers or metal - Google Patents

Abstract

A substrate (1) is covered with a porous, self-adherent layer (2) consisting of a granular material (3) possessing good frictional and gliding properties and applied by flame spraying. Layer (2) is 50-200, esp. 100-150 milli microns thick, and contains 15-30, esp. 25-30% porosity. Layer (2) is used as a bed for a top layer (5) contg. friction or gliding materials consisting of a polymer; a polymer mixt. with or without addns.; or metals. Layer (2) is pref. metal with grains 40-125, esp. 40-60 milli microns in size, and esp. Al-bronze contg. 15% Al, rest Cu; layer (2) may also contain an organic binder, and its grains are pref. spheroidal. Substrate (1) is pref. steel. Layer (2) has a low density and high porosity, so it provides excellent adhesion for the top layer (5).

Description

layer material and process

its manufacture The invention relates to laminated material for the production of sliding and friction elements, in which on a carrier layer a porous, self-adhesive layer to hold sliding or friction materials is attached, these sliding or friction materials made of a polymer material, a polymer mixture with / without additional material (s) or metallic materials can exist. The invention also relates to the production of such layered materials.

in "Metall", 29 (1975), 6, pp. 581 to 585, was already on the production and possible uses of Rauhgrund.

In particular, a bronze powder with 6 to 10% Sn content is used for production called a Rauhyrundscicht.

This rough ground is not only used for metallurgical fixation Metal layers used, but also as a primer for other XJerkstoffe, such as for example plastics.

The main disadvantage of producing a rough ground based on tin bronze lies next to the cost-intensive manufacturing process due to high energy costs in the relatively slow sintering process.

Another disadvantage is that the sintered powder is used in the case of an unfavorable grain fraction sintered together and no sufficient pore space for introducing the sliding material is available. So that the sliding material has sufficient anchoring options, a sufficient layer thickness of the intermediate layer is also required The intermediate layer is 0.25 mm to 0.40 mm.

This rough ground based on 90% Cu, 10% Sn is available in different Publications and patents (DE-OS 27 02 599, DE-OS 27 03 325) as an intermediate layer called.

More recently, a rough ground as above based on CuSn has been used 5 to 25% by weight of Pb mentioned (DE-OS-27 02 599, DE-OS 27 03 325). These procedures show as well the above-mentioned difficulties such as high energy costs and less economical Manufacturing process.

DE-AS 12 86 827 describes a supporting structure that consists of a single Layer consists of particles of a metal powder and sintered on a tray base and is soldered on. These particles can be spherical or irregular in shape to have. The lubricant or friction agent becomes between these applied metal particles applied by rolling or pressing.

Experience has shown that the preparation of a rough ground is just in preparation from a single layer of metal particles often difficulties, because on the one hand Too low a temperature of the surface binding proportion of the soldered-on particles to the support material is too low, and it is then when the friction or lubricant is rolled in for separation of the shoring comes. On the other hand, if the temperature is too high, the particles become melted so much that the lubricant or friction agent can be anchored is no longer possible. It is known to the person skilled in the art that the production of a Layer of a single layer of metal powder is complicated because this one requires an extremely uniform particle size fraction of the powder and complex sorting processes the metallic powder is required.

Another possibility for the production of a rough ground concerns the soldering of a metallic Geebes on the carrier material, into which afterwards the sliding material is pressed in under pressure. This method has the disadvantage that the production of a fine-meshed fabric is expensive, and the soldering the fabric to the metallic carrier material is a technically demanding process is.

Another method of creating a rough ground is that a PTFE fiber woven in several layers with wire made of copper or stainless steel so that a two-sided fabric results, one side of which is predominantly made of PTFE and the other side of metal. This is then on the metal side Mixed fabric using a low-temperature welding process with a steel back tied together.

It is evident to the person skilled in the art that this method of production a rough ground is cost-intensive, cumbersome and fraught with risks.

There are also already known self-adhesive layers, which are caused by the Flame spray, arc or plasma spray processes on a metallic substrate be sprayed on. These used as an intermediate layer self-adhesive Layers usually consist of the materials molybdenum and nickel aluminide (DE-OS 19 23 030).

The disadvantage of these intermediate layers produced by thermal spraying consists in the fact that the bonding support material / intermediate layer at extreme, dynamic Alternating load is often destroyed, as there are generally only adhesive bonds, so that a failure of the component is the result.

These layers also have the disadvantage that with subsequent Deformation by bending the sprayed layers flake off the support material. On top of that the self-adhesive materials molybdenum and nickel aluminide are not suitable, to be used as bearing materials, but are mainly used as a primer used for other thermally sprayed materials.

A sufficiently strong connection around sprayed-on intermediate layers with the support, so that even with strong impact and bending loads If no flaking occurs, the sprayed layers are subjected to a subsequent sintering process subject to us (cf.

HOESCH reports from research and development at our plant, issue 3/73, pp. 109 to 116). Although improvements were achieved through subsequent sintering the re-sintering process is very expensive energy and thus in costs. In addition, the sintering process can be based on the required very long sintering times poorly carry out continuously, so that a economic procedure is prevented.

The fact that such thermally sprayed coatings often still exist have very significant defects is known (yearbook of surface technology (1956), pp. 291-306).

The main disadvantage is with the non-self-adhesive layers in that in most cases besides the production of this intermediate layer an additional thermal treatment is carried out for a secure bond and that in the production of Uerlcstücke by forming processes anyway flaking or partial flaking of the support layer occurs. This flaking are, as has been established, mostly due to the increased formation of intermetallic, more brittle Phases in the area of the support material / intermediate layer.

In contrast, the invention is based on the object of an improved Layer material with an intermediate layer thermally sprayed onto the carrier layer to create in which the intermediate layer on the one hand in the respective sliding layer or friction layer without Difficulty and disadvantage for the sliding or frictional properties can be included, through the lowest possible, uniform Density characterizes and sufficient pore space and excellent adhesion for safe Has binding of the sliding or friction layer on the carrier material.

This task is solved according to the invention by a layer material, which is characterized by the fact that - the porous self-adhesive layer consists of a Material exhibiting good sliding or friction properties by thermal spraying is applied and built up on the carrier layer; - the porous self-adhesive Layer has a thickness between 50 mm and 200 μm, preferably between 100 μm and 150 mm having; and - the porous self-adhesive layer has a porosity between 15% and 50, preferably between 25% and 35%.

The invention creates a layer material which much faster than the previously known layer materials of this type im Continuous process can be produced. It can also be easily adjusted thermal spray conditions the porosity of the intermediate layer Set quite precisely and reproducibly. The bond between the support material and the intermediate layer is increased significantly.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the porous, self-adhesive layer essentially made of metallic material with particle size between 40 mm and 125 mm, preferably between 40 mm and 60 mm. In advantageous The porous, self-adhesive layer can essentially be made of aluminum bronze be constructed, the aluminum bronze essentially consisting of 15% by weight of aluminum, Remainder copper can exist.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the metallic An organic binder is added to the material of the porous1 self-adhesive layer the porous, self-adhesive layer of essentially spherical material particles is constructed.

The support material layer can advantageously consist of steel and the porous, self-adhesive layer applied directly to the steel surface will. Advantageously, the sliding or

Friction layer consist essentially of a polymer mass, the is pressed into the pores of the porous, self-adhesive layer and compressed. The sliding or friction layer can essentially consist of a soft, metallic material Material that is pressed into the pores of the porous, self-adhesive layer is. In In a further embodiment, the sliding or

Friction layer consist at least partially of meltable material, which is poured into the pores of the porous, self-adhesive layer.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a metallic Support material in the form of a tape, a plate or a prepared blank a porous, self-adhesive layer with sliding or friction properties Material by thermal spraying in a layer thickness between 50 / to and 200 Zm, preferably between 100 µm and 150 µm, the spray parameters can be set in such a way that a porous layer with a proportion of pores between 15% and 50%, preferably between 25 and 35% can arise. This can be advantageous A finely powdered material with a particle size between 40 μm and 125 μm is preferred between 40 mm and 60 xum, by thermal spraying to form the porous, self-adhesive Layer are thermally sprayed onto the support material. This can be advantageous A fine powdered aluminum bronze, preferably with 15% by weight of aluminum, remainder Copper, thermally sprayed onto the previously cleaned steel surface of a support body organic binder being added to the aluminum bronze powder can. In a particularly advantageous embodiment can thermal spraying is carried out as flame spraying with acetylene-oxygen fuel gas. The flame spray cone can be surrounded by a jacket made of inert gas and by adjusting the inert gas jacket to the desired material distribution during construction the porous self-adhesive layer are deflected. In an equally advantageous way thermal spraying can be done by arc spraying. In another Embodiment, the thermal spraying can take place in a plasma spraying process. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the porous, self-adhesive Layer of metallic material are applied and thermal spraying with a spray distance of 160 + 10 mm -between spray nozzle and to be sprayed Support body done. The spray body to be sprayed can thereby be sprayed with constant Relative movement to the spray device at such a speed by the The spray cone emanating from the spray nozzle can be guided as desired Corresponds to the thickness of the porous, self-adhesive layer to be produced. In the same way Advantageously, the support body to be sprayed can move with constant relative movement to the spray device successively through two or more spray nozzles - spray cones are guided at such a speed, like it the partial thickness of the porous, self-adhesive layer. Material can be used with each of the spray cones the same composition and grain size can be applied. In an advantageous manner material can be the same in the spray cones running through the support body one after the other However, based on varied composition and / or grain size can be applied. In a further advantageous embodiment, this can be done at least in part the spray cone traversed one after the other by the support body, different materials are thermally sprayed into the porous, self-adhesive layer. In advantageous Way can be used to form a sliding or essentially polymeric mass Friction layer the polymeric mass or a mixture containing the polymeric mass using pressure in the cavities of the porous, self-adhesive layer be pressed and compressed. To press in or compress the sliding or friction layer a deformation between 1% and 7%, preferably between 3% and 5%, based on the thickness of the porous, self-adhesive layer. Included can be used in an advantageous manner after the compaction of the sliding or

Friction layer of the layer material are passed through a heat zone and then calibrated to its final thickness by rolling.

Advantageously, the metallic sliding or

Friction material, if necessary after being converted into a soft, kneadable state the cavities of the porous, self-adhesive layer are pressed in using pressure, for example be rolled in. In a particularly advantageous embodiment can the sliding or. Friction material are melted or the meltable components of the sliding or friction material are melted, and that the sliding or friction material In this state it is poured onto the porous, self-adhesive layer and, if necessary, underneath Applying pressure to be introduced into the cavities of this layer.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the metallic Suspension alloy in one of the desired final thickness of the GOit or friction layer appropriate amount thermally applied to the porous, self-adhesive layer and pressed and compacted into the cavities of this layer with the application of pressure will. In a particularly advantageous journey, the porous, self-adhesive layer built up by thermal spraying on the free surface of the intermediate layer will. The intermediate layer can be provided with a diffusion barrier layer on its free surface, preferably by electroplating, covered and the porous, self-adhesive layer by thermal spraying on the free surface of the diffusion Barrier being constructed.

In the cone, thermally applied layers are used to save scrap used by workpieces. This requires sprayed-on layers with as much as possible low porosity. Subsequent compaction of the layers creates another Increased freedom from pores achieved.

According to the invention, an applied by thermal spraying, Preference is given to using a self-adhesive aluminum bronze layer that does not have a further adhesive layer required and the one, sufficient bond to the support material, even with dynamic loads owns.

To produce this metallic layer, a powder with approx. 15% by weight aluminum, the remainder copper used, the powder being an organic binder is added in order to achieve an increased bondability to the metallic substrate. The grain fraction is 125 μm to 40 μm, preferably between 60 and 40 μm.

Try a commercially available self-adhesive aluminum bronze powder (e.g. Metco 445) have surprisingly shown that by taking suitable measures a controlled porosity of the thermally sprayed-on layer reproducible can be produced. The proportion of pores should be between 40% and 20%, preferably 30%, as it was found from systematically carried out series of tests that in one 30 percent porosity and an excellent bond to the metallic support material exists, as well as the most favorable inclusion of the friction or sliding materials comes.

The preparation of the primer is necessary to achieve a well-adhering layer Careful preparation of the spray material by degreasing and subsequent Roughening by blasting with steel grit or by brushing as usual.

Prerequisite for the subsequent deformation of thermally sprayed Layer material is the lowest possible proportion of brittle intermetallic phases as well as a small proportion of metal oxides.

Keeping the proportion of Cu2O, Al2Cu and A1203 low is just as important, so that when a polymer mass is introduced into the porous, thermally sprayed Do not layer these brittle intermetallic phases to partially destroy the Lead intermediate layer.

It is obvious that the invention can be used to manufacture a porous, firmly adhering layer made of a support material with a low proportion of Metal oxides or intermetallic compounds are not only limited to aluminum bronze but also includes all metal powders that have the properties which are comparable to those of aluminum bronze.

For the production of a layer material consisting of a metallic one Support material, a thermally sprayed, porous intermediate layer and a additional sliding or friction layer, the thermally sprayed layer can according to the invention be formed as a one-sided or two-sided coating on a support material. The layer thickness is between 50 mm and 200 μm, preferably between 100 μm 150 cm.

The spraying process can be carried out with all known powder spray guns be performed. In addition, any other thermally working Applicators are used to create a firmly adhering, porous intermediate layer to be applied to a metallic support material.

If the tapes, strips or boards to be coated are too wide, several spray devices can be arranged next to or on top of each other, so that a uniform coating over the entire width is guaranteed.

To ensure a uniform over the entire workpiece area Layer thickness, a constant jet width and thickness is required. To the cone-shaped Spray jet, which has a strongly sloping coating cross-section towards the outside results, a shower can be attached, for example, that the spray jet so encompasses and deflects so that a perfect coating cross-section is created.

This device comprising the conical spray jet can, for example be designed so that two opposite, in the axial and vertical directions adjustable spray nozzle provided with a series of bores used will. The device can be operated with either air or an inert gas, e.g. Nitrogen or helium or a gas mixture are fed. When using a Inert gases the formation of a low-oxide, thermally sprayed layer is promoted.

As a good distance between the spray nozzle and the metallic material to be coated Support material has proven to be 160 + 10 mm. Surprisingly, it was found that even with small deviations in the spray distance the thermal conditions be changed so that an increase in the metal oxide and intermetallic phase proportions occurs, the weakness of the bond between the metallic support material and the thermal sprayed layer leads.

The production of the porous, self-adhesive layer in a continuous The method is carried out in such a way that a fixed spray device with the self-adhesive metal powder is fed, and the continuous to be coated Metallic support material or the like past the spray device will.

From the desired layer thickness, the belt speed of the to coating metallic support material dependent.

Unplated steel strip was used as the metallic support material a thickness of 0.8 mm at a speed of about 10 m / min. at the fixed Spray device passed. The layer thickness achieved in this coating process was 50 fm.

At a higher speed are used to produce the same layer thickness to arrange several spray devices one behind the other.

The porous, self-adhesive layer produced in this way can be used to take up a polymeric sliding or friction layer, the hunter Pressure is pressed into the cavities and compressed. Due to the usual, thicker, sintered tin bronze intermediate layers significantly reduced layer thicknesses a lower force is advantageously required to press in the polymer mass.

A deformation of 1% to 7%, preferably from 3% to 5%, based on the intermediate layer thickness is sufficient, -the pore spaces of the thermally sprayed Fill the layer and compress the plastic pore-free between two rollers.

Then the layer material is after passing through a Heat zone, which can consist of an inductively heated chamber, for example, calibrated to its final thickness under pressure and temperature under a pair of rollers.

The thermally sprayed porous, self-adhesive layer can also be used can be used to hold a metallic material.

Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to Drawing explained in more detail. 1 shows an enlarged sectional view of a Layer material according to the invention with a solid carrier layer, rough ground and Sliding layer; FIG. 2 shows an enlarged sectional view corresponding to FIG. 1 of a second Embodiment of the layer material; 3 shows an enlarged sectional view accordingly Figure 1 of a third embodiment.

FIG. 1 shows a layer material with a solid carrier layer 1, on the surface of which a self-adhesive layer 2 made of aluminum bronze with 15 % By weight aluminum, the remainder copper, is sprayed on. Between the spherical particles 3 are the pores 4 with a pore ratio of 30%. The running layer 5 has in their Construction of a polyimide matrix 6, embedded PTFE particles 7 and graphite particles 8, whereby these particles 8 can also consist of molybdenum disulfide.

FIG. 2 shows a steel back 1 with a sprayed-on rough base layer 2 with spherical material particles 3 and a pore proportion 4 of 35%. The white metal alloy 9 which is poured on and impregnated into the pores 4, e.g.

LgPbSn9Cd, forms the running layer 5.

FIG. 3 shows a steel back 1 with a rough ground sprayed on 2 with spherical particles 3 made of aluminum bronze, the size of which is 40 mm, and one Pore proportion 4 of approx.

25%. A suspension alloy is flame-sprayed on it, consisting of aluminum and lead, for example an AlPb mixture, of 80% by weight Aluminum and 20 wt% lead. A powder with a spherical shape was used as the aluminum component Particle shape and a grain size range of 40 to 60 microns and the alloy components Si and Fe are used. PbSn with 1% Sn was also included as the second constituent of the batch in spherical particle form. The grain size range was too 100% between 80 to 100 microns.

In the following a test condition is shown in which the thermally sprayed layer on the steel surface showed no delamination.

Test conditions: Carrier material: USt3 according to internal material specification R-2/1.

The surface of the carrier material was blasted with No. 27 steel shot and then cleaned in perchlorethylene.

Spray material: aluminum bronze powder Manufacturer: Metco Manufacturer designation: Metco 445 powder form: spherical Grain fraction: - 106 µm + 45 'µm Typical analysis: aluminum 15% by weight remainder copper thermospray flame spray gun Manufacturer: Metco Type: 5 P with vibrator unit Air nozzle unit: Type PSA with flame cone limiting device.

Coating process: The coating of the circuit boards with the aluminum bronze powder was done by hand. The sinkers were made in two consecutive passes coated. It is not necessary to preheat the blanks. -For the coating test the parameters listed below were kept constant.

Nozzle P 7 D Dosing valve 12-fuel gas flow C2H2 / 02 - 30:30 Als The variable size was the distance between the burner nozzle of the flame spray gun and set on the board surface.

The bending test comparison, carried out on an Erichsen bending tester, Bending mandrel 20 mm, shows that with a fuel gas setting of 30/30 acetylene-oxygen ratio the thermally sprayed layer on the blasted steel surface does not detach were to be determined.

Further tests, such as the chisel test and deep-drawing test, showed that the proportion of the phases Cu20, A1203 and Al2Cu on the circuit board in this test setup is the least.

Claims (32)

Claims 1) Layer material for the production of sliding and friction elements, in which a porous, self-adhesive layer is provided on a carrier layer for receiving sliding or friction materials is attached, these sliding or Friction materials made from a polymer material, a polymer mixture with / without additional materials (n) or metallic materials, characterized in that - The porous, self-adhesive layer (2) has good sliding and friction properties having granular material (3) by thermal spraying on the carrier layer (1) is applied and built up; - The porous, self-adhesive layer (2) one Thickness between 50 µm and 200 µm, preferably between 100 µm and 150 µm and - The orose, self-adhesive layer (2) has a pore proportion (4) between 15% and 50%, preferably between 25% and 35%. 2) layer material according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous, self-adhesive layer (2) essentially made of metallic material with Particle size between 40 μm and 125 μm, preferably between 40 μm and 60 μm. 3) layer material according to claim 2, characterized in that the porous, self-adhesive layer (2) essentially made up of aluminum bronze is. 4) layer material according to Ansruch3, characterized in that the Aluminum bronze consists essentially of 15% by weight aluminum, Hest copper. 5) layer material according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that that the metallic material of the porous, self-adhesive layer (2) is an organic Binder is added. 6) layer material according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the porous, self-adhesive layer (2) consists of essentially spherical material particles (3) is constructed. 7) layer material according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that that the support material layer (1) consists of steel and the porous, self-adhesive Layer (2) is applied directly to the steel surface. 8) layer material according to one of claims 1 to 7, with applied Sliding or friction layer, characterized in that the sliding or friction layer (5) consists essentially of a polymeric mass (8) which is inserted into the pores (4) the porous, self-adhesive layer (2) is pressed in and compressed. 9) layer material according to one of claims 1 to 7 with applied Sliding or friction layer, characterized in that the sliding or friction layer (5) consists essentially of soft, metallic material that penetrates the pores (4) is pressed into the porous, self-adhesive layer (2). 10) layer material according to one of claims 1 to 7, with applied Sliding or friction layer, characterized in that the sliding or friction layer (5) at least partially consists of fusible material that is in the pores (4) of the porous, self-adhesive layer (2) is cast. 11) Method for producing layer material according to one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that on a metallic support material in Form of a tape, a plate or a prepared board a porous, self-adhesive Layer (2) made of sliding or Material exhibiting friction properties by thermal spraying in a layer thickness between 50 μm and 200 μm, preferably between 100 μm and 150 μm is applied, the spray parameters being set in such a way that a porous layer with pores (4) between 15% and 50%, preferably between 25% and 35% arises. 12) Method according to claim 11, characterized in that finely powdered Material with a particle size between 40 μm and 125 μm, preferably between 40 μm and 60 cm, by thermal spraying to form the porous, self-adhesive layer (2) is thermally sprayed onto the support material. 13) Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that finely powdered aluminum bronze, preferably with 15% by weight aluminum, the remainder copper, Thermally sprayed onto the previously cleaned steel surface of a support body will. 14) Method according to claim 13, characterized in that the aluminum bronze powder oryanic binder is added. 15) Method according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that that thermal spraying as flame spraying with acetylene-oxygen fuel gas he follows. 16) Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the flame spray cone surrounded with a jacket of inert gas and by adjusting the inert gas jacket to the desired material distribution when building the porous, self-adhesive layer is distracted. 17) Method according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that that thermal spraying is done by arc spraying. 18) Method according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that that the thermal spraying takes place in a plasma spraying process. 19) Method according to one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that that the porous, self-adhesive layer (2) made of metallic material is applied and thermal spraying with a spray distance of 160+ 10 mm between Spray nozzle and support body to be sprayed takes place. 20) Method according to one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that that the support body to be sprayed with constant relative movement to the Spritzvorricntung at such a speed through the spray cone emanating from the spray nozzle is performed as it is the desired thickness of the porous, self-adhesive produced Layer (2) corresponds. 21) Method according to one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that that the support body to be sprayed with constant relative movement to the spray device successively through two or more spray cones emanating from spray nozzles with such Speed is guided, as it is in each case in the passing spray cone corresponds to the partial thickness to be built of the porous, self-adhesive layer (2). 22) Method according to claim 21, characterized in that with each the spray cone material of the same composition and grain size is applied. 23) The method according to claim 21, characterized in that in the The support body traverses one after the other spray cones material of the same base but varied composition settlement and / or grain size applied will. 24) Method according to 21, characterized in that at least different spray cones in a part of the spray cones through which the support body passes one after the other Materials are thermally sprayed into the porous, self-adhesive layer (2). 25) Method according to one of claims 11 to 24, for production a layer material according to claim 8, characterized in that for formation a sliding or friction layer (5) consisting essentially of polymer mass the polymeric mass or a mixture containing the polymeric mass using pressed by pressure into the cavities of the porous, self-adhesive layer (2) and is compressed. 26) Method according to claim 25, characterized in that for pressing and compression of the sliding or friction layer (5), a deformation between 1% and 7%, preferably between 3% and 5%, based on the thickness of the porous, self-adhesive Layer (2) is made. 27) Method according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that after compression of the sliding or friction layer (5) the layer material by a Heat zone and then calibrated to its final thickness by rolling will. 28) Method according to one of claims 11 to 24, for production a layer material with metallic sliding or. Friction layer, characterized in that that the metallic sliding or friction material may be converted into soft, kneadable state in the cavities of the porous, self-adhesive layer (2) under Application of pressure is pressed in, for example rolled in. 29) Method according to one of claims 11 to 24, for production a layer material with at least partially meltable sliding or friction layer, characterized in that the sliding or friction material is melted or the fusible components of the sliding or Friction material are melted and that the sliding or. Friction material In this state it is poured onto the porous, self-adhesive layer (2) and, if necessary, under Application of pressure is introduced into the cavities of this layer. 30) Method according to one of claims 11 to 24 for the production of a Layer material with a sliding or Friction layer made of a metallic suspension alloy, by characterized in that the metallic suspension alloy in one of the desired Final thickness of the sliding or. Friction layer (5) corresponding amount thermally on the porous, self-adhesive layer (2) applied and using pressure in the cavities this layer is pressed and compacted. 31) Method according to one of claims 11 to 24 for the production of a Layer material with an intermediate layer of emergency running properties Material, characterized in that the porous, self-adhesive layer (2) through thermal spray is built up on the free surface of the intermediate layer. 32) Method according to one of claims 11 to 24, for production a layer material with an intermediate layer of emergency running properties Material, characterized in that the intermediate layer on its free surface with a diffusion barrier layer preferably covered by galvanic means and the porous, self-adhesive layer (2) by thermal spraying on the free Surface of the diffusion barrier layer is built up.