DE29708406U1 - Device for crushing crushed material - Google Patents

Description

ARNE MISSLING Dipi-mg" " " "PATENT ATTORNEY

■S? (06 41) 9 74 60-0, 35390 Giessen

9 May 1997
Mi/Zu 97-004GM

HAMMEL Recyclingtechnik GmbH, Dahlienweg 7,
D-35445 Reiskirchen

Device for crushing crushed material

Description

The invention relates to a device for crushing crushed material, in particular non-metallic residues, such as wood or plastic, with a feed opening and at least two crushing shafts, which are provided on their peripheral surface with at least one crushing or impact bar, each of which has crushing edges that are arranged at a defined distance from one another.

Equipment for crushing crushed material is generally known. They are used in various areas of application, such as in agriculture as a chipper or in the construction industry for crushing rock. The way they work varies depending on the material to be crushed or its size and strength.

·

For a better understanding, the crushed material fed to the crushing device and to be crushed is referred to below as crushing material, while the crushed material that has been crushed is referred to as crushed material.

A versatile device uses the crushing effect of a crushing shaft arranged at a defined distance from the wall of the channel-like feed opening, to which the crushing material is usually fed by gravity. The rotary movement of the crushing shaft pulls the crushing material between itself and the feed channel and crushes it. In addition, the crushing shaft can be provided with crushing edges that support the crushing process.

Conventional crushing devices that work with crushing shafts must, however, be carefully fed with the material to be crushed in order to prevent the crushing shaft from becoming blocked.

Despite observing this point, operational disruptions can still occur if either too much shredded material has been fed in, or if its strength requires a reduced feed flow and this has not been observed. The shredded material can then become jammed between the crushing shaft and the feed shaft and must first be removed before the shredding device can continue to operate.

Based on this state of the art, it is the object of the invention to create a device of the type mentioned above, which is designed as simply as possible and

is easy to handle. Attention should be paid to sufficient robustness as well as sufficient insensitivity to the respective shredding material.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1. Further advantageous developments are specified in the subclaims.

According to the invention, two crushing shafts are therefore provided, which are arranged at a distance from one another and each rotate in opposite directions, preferably synchronously, i.e. at the same speed. Furthermore, the design according to the invention is characterized in that crushing or impact bars are arranged on the circumferential surface of each crushing shaft, which work together in that their circumferences are close to one another or penetrate one another without the crushing or impact bars of both crushing shafts touching one another. Here, each crushing or impact bar is advantageously designed as an elongated cuboid-shaped plate and accordingly has two crushing edges, the distance between which corresponds to the thickness or the edge distance of the radially outer front edge of the crushing or impact bar.

In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the distance between the crushing shafts and the number of crushing bars can be variably adjusted. This makes it easy to preset the final size of the crushed material.

The distance between the crushing shafts can advantageously be changed so that the distance between the crushing shafts

or impact bars is between 7 mm and 70 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 40 mm.

A further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that a sieve element is arranged below the crushing shafts, which performs a dual function. The sieve openings of the sieve element can have a clear width of 15 mm to 120 mm, depending on the intended use of the material to be crushed.

The aforementioned dual function of the sieve element is that, on the one hand, the opening width of the sieve openings determines the size of the shredded material that leaves the shredding device as a product for further processing. On the other hand, the sieve element serves to return the supplied crushed material, which has not yet been sufficiently shredded, to the crushing shafts so that it can be shredded to the desired size in a further shredding process. For this purpose, the distance between the crushing shafts and the sieve part is adjustable, with the distance between the sieve element and the associated crushing shaft being set so that the crushing or impact bars capture unshredded crushed material and feed it into a new shredding cycle.

A further advantageous embodiment of the crushing device according to the invention provides that the feed opening for the crushed material arranged above the crushing shafts is funnel-shaped, so that the crushed material flows exactly to the crushing gap between the two crushing shafts.

In order to be able to precisely dose the feed quantity of the shredded material according to its initial size and its strength as well as according to the desired degree of shredding, according to a further preferred embodiment, one or more dosing shafts are additionally provided, which are arranged in the feed opening above the crushing shafts and which feed the crushed material in the desired quantity to the crushing shafts.

The dosing shaft(s) are arranged in the feed opening in such a way that when the dosing shaft is stopped, the supply of crushed material to the crushing shafts is blocked. This safely prevents overfeeding with crushed material.

In order to ensure that the material intended for crushing is also fed from the dosing shaft to the crushing shafts, the dosing shaft can be provided with radially protruding chip-like carriers arranged on at least one helical line, which positively grip the material to be crushed. The carriers can advantageously be made of spring steel.

In addition, in an expedient development of the invention, sensors can be provided which monitor the fill level in the feed opening with crushed material and control the dosing shaft. In an advantageous development, the sensors for this purpose are arranged above the dosing shaft and are preferably designed as ultrasonic sensors.

Furthermore, additional sensors can be provided to measure the power consumption of the drive of the crushing

shafts is detected and that when a predetermined value is exceeded, the rotary actuation of the dosing shaft is influenced in order to avoid, for example, overloading the crushing shafts or their drive.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the crushing or impact bars engage in recesses provided for this purpose on the circumference of the associated crushing shaft, where they are held on the crushing shafts by means of clamping means.

The clamping means can be designed as strips with a trapezoidal cross-section, with their flanks resting against the crushing or impact strips and against the side wall of the relevant recess in the crushing shaft. The clamping strips are held to the crushing shaft by means of clamping screws and thus clamp the crushing or impact strips, with the crushing or impact strips preferably projecting radially away from the crushing shaft.

As already mentioned, the breaking bars preferably have a rectangular cross-section, whereby, if necessary, a transverse flange can additionally be formed symmetrically on the outer longitudinal edge of the breaking bars.

In order to simplify the anchoring of the crushing or impact bars to the crushing shaft, according to a preferred further development, the cross section of the foot area of the crushing or impact bars engaging in the recess in the crushing shaft expands uniformly towards the free end.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the crushing device according to the invention, the sieve elements are designed like a basket, so that they enclose the crushing shafts provided with the crushing or impact bars at a defined distance at least on their underside.

An advantageous further development provides that the basket-like sieve elements are arranged so that they can be pivoted, so that on the one hand, if necessary, access to the underside of the shaft is easily ensured and on the other hand, the desired adjustability of the distance between the sieve element and the associated crushing shaft is made possible in a simple manner.

Preferably, a crushed material receptacle is arranged below the crushing shafts, which is formed, for example, by a conveyor belt which transports the crushed crushed material away.

Preferably, the crushing device according to the invention is intended for the production of primary material for chipboard production, but instead it can also be used for the crushing of plastic or stones.

In order to ensure that the device according to the invention operates with as little wear as possible, which can be favored by the material to be crushed, the crushing shafts, or at least the crushing or impact bars arranged thereon, are made of a suitably strong material, preferably of wear-resistant steel, for example manganese steel, which has sufficient toughness in addition to the desired strength.

These and other advantageous embodiments and improvements of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The invention, advantageous embodiments and improvements of the invention as well as particular advantages of the invention will be explained and described in more detail using an embodiment of the invention shown in the schematic drawing.

Show it:

Fig. l an overview in the form of a

Longitudinal section through a comminution device according to the invention with a crusher with a drive therefor and with a removal device;

Fig. 2 the crusher with a feed hopper, with

a dosing shaft and two crushing shafts with associated sieve elements as shown in Fig. 1 in cross section;

Fig. 3 shows the arrangement according to Fig. 2 in plan view with the dosing shaft removed;

Fig. 4 the dosing shaft, the crushing shafts and the associated sieve elements in a schematic side view;

Fig. 5 is a side view of the crusher with the housing removed;

Fig. 6 a cross section through a first crushing shaft and

♦ · ♦

Fig. 7 a cross section through a second crushing shaft.

Fig. 1 shows an overview in the form of a longitudinal section through a comminution device according to the invention 10 with a crusher 12 with a drive 14 therefor and with a removal device 16 as well as with a receiving container 18 provided for the crushed material.

The drive 14 for the crusher 12 can, as shown in the illustration in Fig. 1, be an internal combustion engine or an electric motor, which is connected to the crusher 12 by means of a shaft 13 and a coupling 15. Regardless of the type of motor, it must be ensured that the drive can be easily controlled and can be stopped and started again just as quickly.

The drive 14 acts via the shaft 13 and the coupling 15, which is designed to be torsionally flexible in order to achieve a power transmission that is as shock-free as possible, on a distribution gear (not shown in detail), which transmits the drive power uniformly to two crushing shafts 20, 22 provided in the crusher 12.

The crushing shafts 20, 22 are shown in cross-section in Figs. 6 and 7. They are formed from a roller-shaped solid cylinder provided with longitudinal grooves 24 as a core body 21, into which longitudinal grooves 24 conically beveled or T-shaped crushing or impact bars 26, 27 with crushing edges 27 are inserted on both sides, which are held by clamping means 28 using screws 29.

The crushing device 10 shown in the overview according to Fig. 1 has on its crushing mechanism

12 has a feed hopper 30, via which the crushing material to be fed is fed to the crushing rollers 20, 22 and, due to the intended incline, moves due to gravity towards the crushing gap 23 between the crushing rollers 20, 22.

A metering shaft 32 arranged above the crushing rollers, which is provided with drivers 33 along a helical line on its circumferential surface, ensures a continuous feed of the crushing material 34 according to its nature in terms of size and strength as well as in the correct quantitative dosage in order to reliably rule out operational disruptions as a result of the crushing rollers 20, 22 jamming caused by this. In addition, it ensures a material build-up that is intended to prevent the development of dust.

The removal device 16, which is located below the crusher 12, is preferably designed as a belt conveyor, but can instead also be a screw conveyor, a vibrating conveyor or the like.

In Fig. 2, the crushing mechanism 12 is shown in cross-section, i.e. transverse to the longitudinal sectional view shown in Fig. 1, where it is clearly evident from this view that the crushing shafts 20 are provided with crushing or impact bars 26 which are conically beveled on both sides and are directed radially outwards and have a rectangular cross-section.

In conjunction with the top view in Fig. 3 and the cross-sectional views in Fig. 6 and 7, it can also be seen that the breaking or impact bars 20 are attached to the cylindrical core body by means of screws 29.

— *1 i*'i

21 are held thereto in a force- and form-fitting manner by clamping means 28 attached thereto.

Furthermore, it can be seen from the illustration in Fig. 2 that the drivers 33 cover the entire circumferential surface of the metering shaft 32, so that the shredded material 34 to be fed is always securely grasped.

Below the crushing shafts 20, a sieve element 36 is provided which is modelled on the contour of the crushing shafts 20 and can be pivoted and fixed at a variably adjustable distance, as can be seen in particular from the schematic representation in Fig. 4.

In Fig. 4, the arrangement of the crushing shafts 20 as well as the dosing shaft 22 and the sieve elements 36 is shown in a schematic side view, whereby the relative adjustability of the crushing shafts 20 to one another is indicated here according to the horizontal arrow s _H and the dosing shaft 32 to the crushing shafts 20 according to the vertical arrow Sy. In addition, as already mentioned, the pivoting adjustment of the sieve elements 36 about a joint 37 can be seen.

In Fig. 5, a side view of the crusher 12 is shown with the housing removed, whereby the crushing shafts 20 are covered by the sieve element 36 located in front of them in this view. The drivers attached to the circumferential surface of the metering shaft 32 arranged above the sieve element 36 along a spiral line are clearly visible, which, as can also be seen from this view, are chip-like, i.e. with an approximately triangular cross-section, and are aligned with their narrow sides transverse to the longitudinal axis of the metering shaft 32. The foot width of each

The width of the drivers 33 is approximately 40% of the diameter of the metering shaft 32 and the blade thickness is approximately 15 to 25% of the base width, while the height of the drivers 33, i.e. their radial extension starting from the circumferential surface of the metering shaft 32, is approximately 60% of the diameter of the metering shaft .

In Fig. 6, as already mentioned, a cross-section through a first crushing shaft 20 is shown on a larger scale, so that the clamping fastening of the crushing or impact bars 26, which engage in longitudinal grooves 24 and here each expand conically, by means of clamping means 28 held by screws 29 can be clearly seen.

Fig. 7 shows a cross section through a second embodiment of a crushing shaft 22 according to the invention, which has T-shaped crushing or impact bars 27 instead of rectangular crushing or impact bars 26. The other features correspond to those in the first embodiment, so that the same reference numbers are used here.

The mode of operation of the shredding device according to the invention, shown by way of example in Figures 1 to 7, is explained and described in more detail below for the intended use of producing primary material for chipboard production.

Pre-crushed wood is first fed into the machine, i.e. into the feed hopper 30 of the crusher 12. The metering shaft 32 conveys the crushed material in the direction of the crushing shafts 20, 22 and thus ensures a uniform filling of the feed chamber 30. A pile of wood forms above the metering shaft 32, which

prevents the broken material from being thrown upwards. At the same time, it acts as a dust guard by forming a mechanical filter-like barrier for the smallest parts created during shredding. In order to guarantee these functions, the dosing shaft is switched off when the pile of material in the feed hopper 30 falls below a certain minimum height. To detect such a fall, special sensors, preferably ultrasonic sensors, are placed in the feed hopper, which work together with the dosing shaft or its drive.

The material fed to the crushing shafts 20, 22 in this way is broken up by the overlapping and counter-rotating impact bars 26, 27 in the crushing gap 23. The sieve element 36 assigned to each crushing shaft ensures that the crushed material has at least a certain chip size and is not discharged with a grain size that exceeds this size. This is achieved on the one hand by larger chunks of material being pressed through the holes and broken up again, and on the other hand by overly large chips being fed back into the crushing process by the sieve basket. In principle, the machine 10 according to the invention can also be operated without a sieve basket 36), but the equipment with the sieve elements 36 proves to be advantageous when considering the overall process.

If the speed of the crushing shafts 20, 22 drops or stops, the metering shaft 32 is automatically switched off in order to prevent the crushing shafts 20, 22 from becoming full or their mechanical overload or the drive 14. Only when the crushing shafts 20, 22 are in the

which are free, the metering shaft 32 begins to pump further.

The crushing device 10 according to the invention is used primarily for the re-crushing of wood, plastics, stone, etc. The essential feature of this crushing device 10 is that two crushing shafts 20, 22 are provided which are arranged at a distance from one another and are provided with continuous or segment-shaped crushing or impact bars 26, 27. Each of these crushing or impact bars 26, 27 has two crushing edges which are arranged at a certain distance from one another. This edge distance is advantageously between 10 and 40 mm. The distance between the crushing shafts 20, 22 and thus the distance of the outer circumference of these crushing shafts 20, 22 is selected such that the circumference of each crushing shaft 20, 22 provided with the crushing or impact bars 26, 27 penetrates that of the adjacent crushing shaft 20, 22 or runs at a distance from it. Which distance is selected here depends largely on the desired degree of shredding of the material 34 to be shredded.

Advantageously, a sieve element 36 is arranged below each of the crushing shafts 20, 22, the sieve openings of which can have a clear width of 20 to 100 millimeters. This sieve element is arranged at a short distance below the crushing shafts so that the material that has not yet been sufficiently crushed is taken back up by the crushing or impact bars 26, 27 and is thus fed back into the crushing process.

Above the crushing shafts 20, 22 there is a metering shaft 32 which is adapted in terms of its diameter to the

opening of the feed hopper 30. This metering shaft 32 has drivers that convey the material 34 into the crushing gap 23 between the crushing shafts 20, 22. If the metering shaft 32 is switched off, then no more material 34 is fed to the crushing shafts 20, 22 for crushing.

Sensors (not shown in detail) are arranged above the dosing shaft 32 and monitor the fill level of the material 34 to be crushed in the hopper 30. If, for example, the power consumption of the drive increases, the dosing shaft 32 is switched off or driven more slowly so that the accumulation of material above the crushing shafts 20, 22 can be processed.

The crushing or impact bars 26, 27 used for crushing preferably have a flat cross-section. However, it is also conceivable to design the crushing or impact bars 26, 27 concavely. In any case, it must be ensured that there are two crushing edges per crushing or impact bar 26, 27.

The embodiment of a crushing device according to the invention shown as an example in Figs. 1 to 7 has a length of 1500 millimeters. The roller diameter including the crushing or impact bars 26, 27 is about 400 millimeters and is driven at a rotational speed of 500 revolutions per minute. With this crushing device, a crushing capacity of 51 cubic meters per hour is achieved with an end product with an edge length of 40 mm. Materials with edge lengths of up to 500 millimeters are used as a starting point. The distance between the crushing edges of the crushing or impact bars

sten 26, 27 is 30 mm.

The advantage of the crushing device according to the invention is based on less wear, high throughput due to the high number of breaking edges, low heating and, associated with this, low noise and dust development in comparison with conventional crushing devices.

Regarding the high number of breaking edges, it should be noted that due to the flat or concave breaking surface, each of the breaking or impact bars 26, 27 has two breaking edges. The material is thus broken at these two points. In contrast, with a convex or pointed, i.e. cutting-like, breaking edge, the number of breaking edges per breaking bar is halved.

Another advantage of the invention is the low level of dust development. This is around 3 percent, whereas the level of dust development in the current technology, for example in hammer mills, is significantly higher, namely 14 to 18 percent. Dust is defined as the grain size being smaller than three millimeters.

The crushing device according to the invention is advantageously used to crush wood, which can be used as a precursor for chipboard. Crushing plastic, stone, etc. is also possible.

List of reference symbols

10 Shredding device

12 Crusher

13 Wave

14 Drive

15 Clutch

16 Removal device 18 Receptacle

20 crushing shaft

21 Core wave

22 crushing shaft

23 Crushing gap 24 Longitudinal groove

26 Breaking or impact bar

27 Breaking or striking bar

28 Clamping devices (clamping rail)

29 Screw

30 feed hoppers

32 Dosing shaft

33 Carrier

34 Crushing material 36 Sieve element (sieve basket)

37 Swivel joint

Claims (26)

ARNE MISSLiNG Dipi.-ing" PATENT ATTORNEY 'S? (06 41) 9 74 60-0, 35390 Giessen 9- May 1997 Mi/Zu 97.004GM HAMMEL Recyclingtechnik GmbH, Dahlienweg 7, D-35445 Reiskirchen Device for crushing crushed material 1. Device (10) for crushing crushed material, in particular non-metallic residues, such as wood or plastic, with a feed opening (30) and at least two crushing shafts (20), which are provided on their peripheral surface with at least one crushing or impact bar (26), each of which has two crushing edges, which are arranged at a defined distance from one another, characterized in that two crushing shafts (20, 22) are provided, which are arranged at a distance from one another and each rotate in opposite directions, and that the crushing or impact bars (26, 27) arranged on the circumferential surface of each crushing shaft (20, 22) mesh with one another, so to speak, in that their circumferences lie close to one another or without the crushing or impact bars (26, 27) of both crushing shafts (20, 22) touching each other. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the breaking shafts (20, 22) is variably adjustable. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distance between the breaking edges provided on the breaking or impact bars (26, 27) is between 7 mm and 70 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 40 mm. 4. Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a sieve element (36) is arranged below the crushing shafts. 5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the sieve openings of the sieve element (36) have a clear width of 15 mm to 120 mm. 6. Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the distance between the crushing shafts (20, 22) and the sieve part is adjustable. 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed opening (30) for the crushed material arranged above the crushing shafts (20, 22) is funnel-shaped. 8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that in the feed opening (30) above the crushing shafts (20, 22) one or more dosing shafts (32) are arranged, which feed the crushed material to the crushing shafts (20, 22) . 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when the metering shaft (32) is stationary, the supply of crushed material to the crushing shafts (20, 22) is blocked. 10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that sensors are provided, which monitor the fill level in the feed opening with crushed material. 11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the sensors are arranged above the dosing shaft. 12. Device according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the sensors are designed as ultrasonic sensors. 13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that further sensors are provided which detect the power consumption for driving the crushing shafts (20, 22) and, if a predetermined value is exceeded, influence the rotary actuation of the dosing shaft (32). 14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing or impact bars (26, 27) engage in recesses (24) provided for this purpose on the circumference of the associated crushing shaft (20, 22) and are held on the crushing shafts (20, 22) by means of clamping means (28). 15. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the clamping means (28) are designed as strips with a trapezoidal cross-section, the flanks of which are each against the breaking or impact strips (26, 27) and against the side wall of the relevant recess (24) in the crushing shaft (20, 22). 16. Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the clamping strips (28) are secured by means of clamping screws (29) are held on the crushing shaft (20, 22) and clamp the crushing or impact bars (26, 27). 17. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the breaking or impact bars (26, 27) have a rectangular cross-section. 18. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a transverse flange is formed symmetrically on the outer longitudinal edge of the breaking or impact bars (27), which gives the breaking or impact bar (27) a T-shaped cross section. 19. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the cross section of the foot region of the crushing or impact bars (26, 27) engaging in the recess in the crushing shaft (20, 22) expands uniformly towards the free end. 20. Device according to claim 1 or 2 of one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing or impact bars (26, 27) protrude radially from the crushing shaft (20, 22). 21. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sieve elements (36) are designed like a basket. 22. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the basket-like sieve elements (36) are pivotally held in pivot joints (37). 23. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance between the screen element (36) and the associated crushing shaft (20, 22) is set so that the crushing or impact bars (26, 27) capture insufficiently crushed material and feed it into a new crushing cycle. 24. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a crushed material receptacle is arranged below the crushing shafts (20, 22), which is formed by a belt conveyor which transports the crushed crushed material away. 25. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metering shaft (32) is provided with radially projecting drivers (33) arranged on at least one spiral line. 26. Device according to one of the preceding claims intended for the production of primary material for the production of chipboard.