DE2738090A1 - CONTINUOUS DRYING DEVICE FOR SKIN - Google Patents

Description

DipUnq-W.DaM!: · Dipl.-lnq. H.-]. Lipport _H AUGUST 16, 1977 Patent Attorneys + ^ a. / ^K J F, onkenlor, te »Strasse 137 2738090

5060 Beigisd »GtadbadS 3

Industrie Ticinese Eseiccatoi Special !, I.T.E.S. Spa. 20129 Milan / Italy

"Continuous drying device for hides"

It is known that there are various types of drying devices with perforated plates for drying natural skins and related materials, namely floor dryers, drum dryers, continuously running conveyor belts and tenter frames arranged in rows, as well as other designs in which one wants to prevent the skins from being calibrated during the Dry-

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Pull together the process. In principle, the skins in all these different Troclcenvorrichtungen be taken at its edge by grippers embodiment, the manually set v / ground. These grippers are then connected to the perforated plate by hooks which are each hooked into one of the numerous holes in the plate in order to keep the skin taut during the drying process. In some of these drying devices, the perforated retaining plates are divided into two or more parts that can be pulled out from one another, which allow the skins to be pulled down later after clamping, with a certain increase in surface area at the same time.

I; all ei these drying devices is one to manual elaboration ι instructed to the various operations to carry out, in particular the introduction of skins (that requires clasping this Käute and / or the attachment of the brackets to the perforated plates under prestress of the skins) and the removal ( dss requires the above-mentioned operations in reverse order).

Es se :, pointed out that the known drying devices have the disadvantage of a high proportion of manual labor

sen and at the same time that of a discontinuous worker . weighed the need to take relatively long pauses for the introduction and clamping of the hides.

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• α

Te? The invention is based on the object of eliminating these disadvantages, -ind.eni a continuously operating drying device-; u ;; j; - uie comprises a conveyor belt which is suitable for guiding the skins along a closed path both through the loading zone and the unloading zone, which are both accessible from the outside, and through the closed treatment zone. The drying device according to the invention has a conveyor belt ^{: r.fi:.:i.} Type of roller shutter, which is built up from strips that can be approached and removed from one another ironically, the 3u; .. two Tc-.i-en also to be brought closer to one another or to be removed and each part of which has a gripper for the skin u · & 2t. Furthermore, devices are provided according to the invention, υ. ' to close the grippers over the skins, which are placed in the middle of the belt, in the loading zone, as well as means to re-open the grippers in the unloading zone. Furthermore, according to the invention, devices are provided on the conveyor belt in the loading zone and unloading zone in order to give the conveyor belt a changing speed in these zones and thus to change the distance between the individual strips. :

I) The closing and positioning of the grippers can be done by hand in an ' /ereii.fachten embodiment of the drying device, while in an improved embodiment, the'

works completely automatically, these movements are automatically controlled by C: U2. In this preferred embodiment are

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Slidable devices are provided on the said strips, which the gripper from the edge of the conveyor belt in RientMm; ! move towards its center line and vice versa. Furthermore are facilities provided, in this movement of the gripper from the outside inwards, the edge of the placed on the conveyor belt 'Determine skin as well as facilities in order to grapple over di ^ seui edge of the skin to close automatically.

Eel a preferred embodiment of the inventor £ Sger; rL? Ei. The drying device are the strips of the conveyor belts on which. Chain links of two chains attached to smooth or tenth Wheels revolve. These chain links are with one another

j connected by pins that are in elongated holes of the neighboring Engage chain links. The grapples are on this one. Bars arranged and slidably guided in longitudinal slots so that they can be moved from the outer edge of the conveyor belt to the center of the same against the action of a return spring, and although by push rods that are arranged outside of the conveyor belt. The ends of these push rods are forked trained and rejuvenated and have feelers that respond when they reach the edge of the skin. The grippers consist of one lower fixed jaw provided with teeth, an upper, UE a fixed bolt pivotable clamping jaw, a closing spring and a lifting device to open, with a rounded head, which is of a pre-described below

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^ß AD ORIGINAL

direction to open the gripper is applied. The said push rod are assigned locking devices that work electrically or hydraulically and are designed so ^! d & ß they open the closing device of the gripper.

The invention is explained in more detail below in exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show:

Fig. 1 is a side view of the drying device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the device according to FIG. 1;

? ig. 3 shows a side view of a gripper of the device in the closed state;

4 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 3, but in the open state of the gripper;

FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the device in FIG. 3 and 4;

6 is a side view of the in FIGS. 3 to 5

shown gripper with an associated control device;

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7 shows a side view of the automatic device for opening the gripper;

8 shows a simplified partial view of the conveyor belt

with a drive belt underneath and

Pig. 8a is a partial view similar to FIG. 8 of another drive device.

The drying device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a closed housing which is divided into individual chambers 1, through which a roller shutter-like conveyor belt 2 moves. This3 Conveyor belt has side chains 3 »which / and guide rollers u_ "L on en and a multitude of transverse strips 4, the gripper 5 for Attaching the skins P wear.

As one can still see .gut from Figs. 1 and 2, besj The dryer according to the invention has a loading and unloading zone 6, drying zones 7 and 8 and a zone 9 for the automatic release of the gripper. With the reference numeral 10 is a device for

[Drive of the conveyor belt 2 denotes the same time the distances between the bars 4 of the conveyor belt in the loading and

j Discharge zone 6 changed. (This device is shown in detail in FIG. 8 and in another embodiment in FIG. 8A). The reference numeral 11 denotes a device which opens the gripper 5 automatically.

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The strips 4 of the roller shutter-like conveyor belt 2 are inventive

according to composed of two parts 4 'and 4 ", each

j. .-e-n C-profile and made of perforated material. j These two parts of the strips can in their longitudinal direction ' be approached or removed from each other by 'β ie slidably guided on self-lubricating slide rails are. Each of these strips has a at its outer end

i link of a chain 3 connected; the chain links are under-> connected to the other by parallel pins, which are inserted into elongated holes ^: £ Tjifen and thereby an approach or removal of the strips from-; enable each other.

The strip elements 4 ¹ and 4 ″ have slots 12 running in the longitudinal direction on the upper side, in which a gripping device 5 ″, hereinafter referred to as "gripper" for short, is guided displaceably. This gripper is explained in detail with reference to the following figures, in particular FIG As can be seen from this figure, the grippers 5 are controlled by a push rod 13, the lower horizontal end of which is designed as a fork and whose tapered ends 13 * sensors 14 "carry, for example, electronically or pneumatically operating sensors. To avoid damage caused by a Avoiding hard impact of a gripper pulled to the center of the conveyor belt Mn while other grippers may have already been brought into place is what is said at the fork ends

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Feeling system attached, which in such a case the gripper immediately returned to the edge of the conveyor belt.

The push rods 13 are located only in the loading and unloading zone 6 and their number corresponds to the number of grippers that are attached to the skins that are placed on top. These grippers 5 are pulled into their outer position by springs 15. The push rods 13, 13 are in turn controlled so that they can move in the direction of the center line of the conveyor belt or the bar and vice versa. Qa3 happens · -. By means of a movement transmission element 16 in the manner of a Bowden cable, which can move in a curved guide sleeve 16 ′ and centers around the chain 3 on the outside. Each of these movement transmission elements 16 works suddenly and is in turn controlled by a Zylir.der piston unit 17; it acts on the upper vertical arm of the push rod 13. An electromagnet 18 is fastened to this upper arm, which has a pawl 19 with its core to trigger the

Gripper 9 controls (instead of the electrical

magnets 18 can of course also be hydraulic Use control device).

As shown in particular in FIGS. 3 to 6, the gripper 5 comprises two jaws, one of which is fixed jaw 20 with one Is provided with teeth and the other movable jaw 21 consists of two parts pivotable about a bolt 22. An arm

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the movable jaw 21 is provided with a projection 26 which carries a flexible spring at the end and cooperates with a pawl spring 24. This pawl spring holds the jaw 21 of the gripper in the open position, as shown in Fig. 4, against the action of a leaf spring 27 which is attached to a bolt 22 and presses the gripper into the closed position shown in Fig. 3, in which the movable clamping l'ü-jice 21 presses against the teeth 20 of the fixed clamping jaw.

Fifj. 7 shows the structure of FIG. 1 with the reference numeral 11 provided device for automatic opening of the gripper.

This device essentially comprises a roller 28 which is clad and rotatable on a thick layer 28 of soft rubber and over that a second thin layer 28 of hard rubber a pin 29 is arranged el tr is located in the zone 9 of the drying device above the conveyor belt 2. The roller 28 is arranged so that. ·.! ■> gradually comes into contact with the incoming rounded heads 25 'of the lifting devices, which then each cause an opening of the associated gripper. Because of the ;; ro3en radius ^{1 of} the roller 28 and its casing, however, the release takes place gradually and softly.

The drive device 10 shown in FIG. 8 for the conveyor belt 2 and for changing the distance between the strips

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this conveyor belt in zone 6 is explained below.

A self-contained chain 30 is arranged below the chain 3 of the conveyor belt 2. The two "chains 30 are formed from conventional chain links 31 and between them from specially designed chain links 32 which have outwardly projecting teeth 30. These chains 30 are arranged at a distance below the chains 3 such that the teeth 33 fit into the chain links of the chains 3, as can be seen in detail in Fig. 8. The projections 33 not only take the conveyor belt 2 with them, but also set the distance between the chain links of the conveyor belt 2 and thus the transverse strips 7 attached to them of the conveyor belt 2 firmly.

The arrangement shown in FIG. 8 provides uniform distances in each case between the strips 4 of the conveyor belt, which is absolutely necessary in this automatic embodiment, as will be explained below.

On the other hand, this even distance in the semi-auto! Raatic execution of the drying device not necessarily ^; required, in which, as has already been said, the application of the skins and their fastening in the grippers is carried out by hand _k In this case, the in fig. 8 by a much simpler and cheaper arrangement according to

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4th . ■ ·

Fig. 8 replaced, which, however, also works less precisely because

they do not automatically have even distances between the strips,

4 guaranteed. ; j

In the embodiment according to FIG. 8a, the conveyor belt 2 is driven by three pairs of toothed wheels 34 which engage in the ' outer chains 3 of the conveyor belt, specifically in the loading and unloading zone 6. The teeth of the toothed wheels 34 are identical to one another and lay themselves in the chain links of the chains '■); However, while the teeth of the middle gear pair follow one another in the central tooth spacing, follow the teeth aui the two outer pairs of gears with different gear spacings 'on each other, wherein even the same tooth pitch as in the' middle gear pair, and on the other hand, a higher distance upstream ι> is seen. With this device according to FIG. 8a, it is then sufficient to set the distance between the axes in the loading and unloading zone 6; if th of the chain 3 (which run in the slots of the chain links j) to change so that the bars j

4 of the conveyor belt approach each other compared to the other zone of the drying device, in which one consequently Stretching of the skins achieved.

; The following is the mode of action of the invention

Described drying device. The consideration at [

i started a skin P that has already treated the dry zone 7

leaves and reaches zone 9, in which the gripper is opened j

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will. In this zone, the roller 28 presses softly on the incoming rounded heads 25 and presses them down and downwards. This causes the levers 25 to pivot downward, causing the upper jaws 21 to pivot upwardly, as shown in FIG. 4, and separate from the lower toothed ones Remove the jaws 20 so that the gripper opens and the skin P is released.

The end of the projection 26 lies behind the projection the pawl spring 24 and thus keeps the gripper open.

From now on, the gripper is no longer held by the skin.

ten and is therefore free to act under the action of the spring 15 na: ·! outside to move towards the edge of the conveyor belt 2, where hi is guided through the slot 12 in the bar 4.

, Moved in the meantime, calibrate the skin P, freed from the grippers, on the conveyor belt further into the loading and unloading zone 6, preferably by the control, command that causes the conveyor belt to just around the;

ι ι

Length of a skin moved on, and is then by hand or ι
automatically removed and replaced by a new skin to be dried

replaced. '

j The new skin is now attached automatically or at the control of an operator

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according to the invention. The device has a total of many grippers 5 (10, 20, 30 or more), each of the

i

Push rods 13 are moved in the direction of the edge of the skin, controlled by the hydraulic control units 17 via " . the motion transmission elements 16 (Fig. 6).

The grippers 5 move, driven by the push rods 13 ' with the jaw 21 open forward until each fork-shaped 'Ends 13' reach the edge of the skin P and lift it slightly,, but then keep moving inwards until the feelers: H have reached the edge of the skin and the movement of the hy- ·! end draulisehen control member 17 and consequently also the loading! movement of the push rod 13 and the gripper 5 moved by it. U This movement process takes place while the conveyor belt is still ·, ■ stands; it stays there until all grippers are in their end position and the skin has been clamped, everyone Gripper in its own place, at various distances from the edge of the conveyor belt. Effect in this situation

the sensor 14 excitation of the electromagnet 18 of the thrust

j

rods 13, each of which has the pawl 19 from the one shown in FIG

t.

position shown in the position shown in Fig. 3 move. As a result, the pawl spring 24 of the gripper 5 is disengaged and the projection 26 of the lever 25 is released, so that now The gripper 5 is closed immediately, the downward movement of the clamping jaw 21 being intercepted by the spring 27.

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So

Now the hydraulic control units 17 are again, for example by time switches, put into operation, which the Return the push rods to their original outer position.

The pawl 23, which is firmly connected to the gripper 5 (and possibly also consist of two or three individual parts can) allows the backward movement of the gripper, but not a forward movement, since it is above a rack 23 expires, which is firmly attached to the bar 4 on which the gripper 5 is displaceable. The purpose of the pawl 23 with its rack 23 'is to attach the gripper until it is released again and the skin releases, but does not give way under the tension of the skin. With the skin released, the movement of each gripper is of; Hand of the conveyor belt towards the middle possible because when the clamping jaw 21 is lifted, the pawl 23 is also raised is and does not engage in the rack 23 '(see Pig. 4).

The skin is stretched in the transverse direction in the dry

direction in that, as stated at the beginning, the parts 4 'and 4 ^{11 of} the strips 4, which each carry a gripper, can be moved against each other. This stretching can be carried out hydraulically, pneumatically or mechanically with a respective gevür.3chten tension.

As can be seen in the drying device according to the invention

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each individual skin stretched transversely to the direction of movement or excited.

Ss is also provided, each skin also in the longitudinal direction, that is
in viewing the feed movement, to stretch or tension.
These are the ones in the Pig. 8 and 8a shown devices are provided which, while driving the conveyor belt 2,
At the same time, the distances between the strips 4 in the loading and unloading areas
Control discharge zone 6. In the device of FIG. 8 arrive
ir aer zone 6 the projections or teeth 33 of the driving
Ke _ten 30 between the rollers of the chains 3 of the conveyor belt 2
... thereby lent the chain links apart. While nam- 'j-oii these roles in elongated holes and not in cylindrical ones
".. ''."; if the chain links of the chains 3 are arranged, can
lengthening or shortening due to external influences,
v.-ie here the penetration of the teeth 33 take place. ^:

ι Ι I

Έί. ·. the device according to FIG. 8 causes the removal or! ^ .. V.; approximation of the strips and thus a lengthening or shortening of the chain, the conveyor belt, by the fact that three pairs of gears 34 are connected

i are used that are not the same, but different teeth |

and thus the links of the chains of the! Force conveyor belt, accordingly larger or smaller distances _:

. - ■ i to take. ·;

Both facilities act on each individual bar, in that the

_ - 15 - 8 0 5/0 S 213

Teeth bring the groin in question closer to the neighboring groin or move it away from it.

The strips 4 are so approached when applying and attaching the skins and shortly thereafter as soon as they are in the Run in the treatment zone of the drying device, pulled apart, to thereby generate tension in the longitudinal direction.

As soon as the fastening of the skins is loosened, the conveyor belt moves a further distance that the longitudinal expansion> ng corresponds to a skin (either-by automatic control command or time switch or by manual switching). Then, the conveyor belt enters the drying zone and goes through di *> 8e again in the treatment zones 7 and 8 and the zones in between until the return to zone 9 »ir. ier α * ο Gripper can be released again. Zones 7 and 8 of the dryer each consist of well-insulated chambers in which a well-aligned and temperature and humidity conditioned air flow prevails to dry the skins.

The drying device according to the invention completely and excellently solves the problems which have arisen and achieves from a technical point of view significant advantages in terms of

j the quality of processing and economic efficiency.

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The above description of the exemplary embodiments was only exemplary; however, other forms of embodiment are within the scope of the invention if necessary. In particular, it should be mentioned that of particular practical interest is the construction of a semi-automatic, simple and inexpensive drying device as described above. With one of these. Form of embodiment, the devices for stretching or tensioning the hides in the transverse direction and longitudinal direction, the latter especially in the embodiment according to FIG. 8, are retained and are absolutely necessary; the triggering of the grippers, which took place automatically in accordance with the above description, can, however, be done in a different manner, for example by hand, with the corresponding devices being ported.

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Claims (16)

DipUng. W.DoMlito, August 16, 1977 Dipl.-Ing. H.-J lippert, Da- / kr Patentanwälte ^ Frankenforstei Straße 13A- 2738090 Belgisch Gladboch 3 Industrie Ticinese Essiccatoi Speciali, I.T.E.S. Spa. 20129 Milan / Italy claims 1. Continuous drying apparatus for hides, ^ one leads to a conveyor belt which Pieter the hides in a closed path from externally accessible loading and unloading and a closed treatment zone, Ge ^{characterized:} denotes that a roller blind-like Förd · = * - band! is provided, the individual strips of which are approximate to each other or can be removed from each other, wc be ^. the strips each consist of two parts, which eir.:. - 'can be approached or removed from each other and each has a gripper for fastening the skin, eov.i by means of devices for closing the grippers in the loading and unloading zone, devices outside the grippers and opening them in the drawer - and unloading zone and setup | in the loading and unloading zone, which drive the conveyor belt and at the same time control the distance between the strips of the conveyor belt from one another in this zone. 2. Vorricntung according to claim 1, characterized ge <err - έ. - 809809/092 ^ BATH ORIGINAL. characterized in that the closing and Instellungcri n ^ s of the grippers is performed manually. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the closing and installation are a matter of urgency the gripper takes place automatically. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, in which the grippers are arranged displaceably on the parts of the strips of the conveyor belt, characterized by devices for moving the grippers from the edge of the belt to its center and vice versa. ur scanning the position of the gripper relative to the edge de. Hau ". Which was placed on the conveyor belt in the loading and unloading zone ml <·. ■■ .- , and a device for automatic! Holding and closing of the grippers around the edge of the skin. 5. The device according to claim 1 to 4, characterized _t ⁿ indicates that the strips of the conveyor belt are -befestigt on the links of two chains of this conveyor track <■ which circulate around rollers, wherein the Xctler-members are interconnected by pins s - a are in elongated holes in the chain links. 6. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 3 to 5, d π d u r - h; characterized that the opposing - 3 -809809/0928 BATH ORIGINAL movable parts of each strip of the conveyor belt. Have a C-shaped cross-section and made of perforated material exist, have slots for guiding the gripper, and that also mechanical or hydraulic or pneumatic Control devices are provided to control these parts' of the strips towards each other or away from each other! ι because of. ^: 7. Apparatus according to claim 1 and 3 to 6, characterized in that; marked that the grippers on äen . Parts of the bars are fixed and slidably guided in longitudinal slots of these bar parts, and that further return springs are provided to the gripper of; Zentnin to pull towards the edge of the conveyor belt, as well as push rods! which are arranged outside of the conveyor belt and having fork-shaped ends for pushing the gripper, wT.nrer-i its outer end can be pushed by a hydraulic einwärtβ StellfjIJ 3U '■ respectively. 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized ge κ en η η ι draws, 'that the control members for the gripper Include bowden cables. * ' 9. Apparatus according to claim 7 and 8, characterized in that the fork-shaped ends 809809/0928 BATH ORIGINAL this pull rod are detached and wear feelers to respond to the edge of the skin. [ 10. The device according to claim 1 "to 9, characterized in that - | indicates that each gripper has a lower, serrated jaw and an upper one around a fixed pin ^; pivotable jaw and a spring for moving the movable 'borrowed clamping jaw in the closed position and that a pawl is provided to hold the movable KlemrabacKe in its clamping position and a lifting device for opening the gripper, which comprises a rounded, externally accessible head. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that a second pawl is provided, which in connection with a rack au: the strip part a movement of the closed gripper? towards the middle of the ledge prevents such a 3evegun £ in the opposite direction, and that one third locking device is provided, which is carried by the push rod and keeps the gripper closed. i 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that that said third pawl comprises an electromagnet. ! 809809/0928 13. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that that the third pawl is operated hydraulically. 14. The device according to claim 1 to 13, characterized in that a covered with a soft coat holle in the loading and Entlf.öeio e above the conveyor belt is arranged, the beGa ^ en rounded heads of the release devices of the gripper " ^ eiri pushes forward movement of the conveyor belt downwards. 15. The apparatus of claim 1 to 14, characterized L ^e - ^! indicates that the roller shutter-like conveyor belt is driven by a pair of revolving endless chains; , each alternating from simple chain links.:! and from special, with an outwardly protruding cream. provided chain links exist, these two chains are arranged in the loading and unloading zone below the chains of the conveyor belt that said teeth ι lay between the chain links of the chains of the conveyor belt and 'drive it. I. 16. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that j 'i shows that the drive of the roller shutter-like conveyor belt is carried out by three pairs of gears, - 6 - j ί 809809/0928 BATH ORIGINAL. ; whose identically designed teeth are placed in the chain links of the chains of the conveyor belt and drive it, whereby the teeth of the middle gear pair have a uniform distance from one another, while the teeth on the outer gear pairs have different tooth spacings, partly the same and partly larger Distances than those of the
middle gear pair. 809809/0928 BATH ORIGINAL