DE2737022A1 - Hinged pipe resistant to high internal or external pressure - has reinforced pressure tubing coupling pipe arms on hinged pipes - Google Patents

Abstract

Hinged pipe with reinforced coupling tubes is designed to withstand high internal or external pressures and typically comprises two pipes (1, 2) with their sealed ends (3, 4) facing one another and coupled by the hinge join (5). Several pipe arms (9, 10, 11, 12) extend approx. diametrically from the common pipe axis (8) and have the arm ends (13, 14 and 15, 16) of the two pipes joined by the flexible tubes (21, 22) which are encircled by suitable reinforcement over their entire length in order to resist internal or external overpressure. The tubing can be corrugated with external metallic braiding to provide resistance to internal pressure.

Description

Pipe joint

The invention relates to further designs of a pipe joint one possibly provided with connection flanges or the like Supply pipe and a discharge pipe which is aligned with it when the joint is in a straight line for the medium, the facing ends of the tube through at least a flexible pipe element is used to connect the pipes to one another have a joint connecting them, allowing angular movements, each of the each other facing Inden of the pipes several connection openings arranged symmetrically about the pipe axis has, the connection openings of each pipe end substantially to the other pipe end towards the other end of the pipe or partly while maintaining their symmetrical arrangement towards the other end of the pipe, partly away from the other end of the pipe, are essentially open parallel to the pipe axis aligned with each other or adjacent connection openings are tightly connected to each other by a flexible line element and where the line elements starting from their one connection end via at least one full bows are performed with constant @mlaufsinn, according to Itent ... (patent application P 25 57 713.3-12).

With this pipe joint the task is solved at the highest achievable Service life to allow large movements between the pipe probes and at the same time to withstand the high pressure of the @edium passed through. Further is practically independent of the pipe cross-section achieved, so that above average Large pipe sections no longer cause problems, and at the same time Occurrence of a l) efect on the pipe joint, but this is largely available or remains usable by uncoupling some of the flexible line elements and can be exchanged without being there; interferes with the way they work will. The screws are referenced above this in the axial direction and in the fan direction Reaction forces occurring on the pipe axis, unless they can be used in individual cases and are thus desired, switched off or compensated, so that too in the result a reaction force-free, over all six degrees of purity movable Pipe joint is available. Finally, the pipe joint takes up little space and is easy to manufacture.

However, un is also with such applications of the pipe joint reckon in which even the IWia measures according to the main patent - essentially the division of the cross-section into smaller cross-sections, their symmetrical arrangement and arch-shaped guidance - not sufficient to withstand the highest internal pressures, because then the flexible pipe elements threaten to burst. The same applies accordingly for high and highest external pressures, below which the flexible pipe elements relate to their arched stirring threatens to collapse. Such is the case, for example conceivable in great depths of the emptiness.

The object of the invention is to provide the aforementioned Kind of further training so that they can also function without impairing their functionality able to withstand the highest internal and external pressures.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the flexible Line elements with one located over their whole between the connecting pieces Length-extending reinforcement or armoring against internal or external overpressure are surrounded, at least at intervals around the entire circumference of the line elements is present.

These measures make the flexible pipe elements a load-bearing one Part against the effects of high internal or external pressure added, at which it the function of the tightness is not important because this exclusively remains in the flexible line element, so that the supporting Teilm in its design can be relatively straightforward. through must be resilient to highest internal or external pressures not via a wall reinforcement or an increase in the number the flexible pipe elements are besort, which leads to constructive difficulties or relative stiffening of the pipe joint would lead.

If high internal overpressure occurs, the reinforcement can be braided with a braid angle above the neutral braid angle attached to the Ends of the line elements or the connecting piece there are at least axially fixed is. The sense of such a change of alignment locks itself against radial expansion and is therefore supported the flexible line elements against their radial expansion under the inner Overpressure.

The reinforcement can also be bandaging from a straight line A large number of alternately wound in opposite directions, in the stretched state of the line elements applied layers. Such a conduit element is then converted into the arch shape curved, the joints of the individual show the bandaging on the outside apart, of course the radially outer fibers of the flexible conduit element experience a stretch. But with this there is sufficient mobility of the flexible line element result in the lowest possible bending resistance.

It is also possible that the reinforcement is made on the line element There is pushed-on, axially stilting pipe sections, the pipe sections themselves over substantially in the direction of the trimming radius of the line element extending, convex surfaces are butted against each other. Such a design reinforced both against high internal pressure and against high external pressure. Against high internal pressure in that the flexible line element is supported at least at intervals on the circumference is. Tanning high external pressure by the fact that the sutrirne of the 1? O1irabschnitts against Rolling the arch shape of the flexible line elements like a Gwölbe supported.

The latter also happens with a further design, according to which the line elements in the case of stroke pressure loading by means of half-shell-shaped elements arranged on the inside of their curvature and in the longitudinal direction of the line elements in the area of their neutral bending fiber Adjacent support elements are reinforced, which are in the area of the neutral flexible fiber of the line elements against mutual displacement in the direction of the radius of curvature the line elements can be connected to one another in an articulated manner and the sections to several by one attached to a support element, the respective line element outside comprehensive bracket can be attached to the line element.

In the most extreme case, the line elements can be tubes or tube bundles be, which is still comparatively due to the additionally provided reinforcement let train relatively thin-walled, so that the mobility of the pipe joint .30 is affected as little as possible. A certain impairment is however given by the use cases considered here, but can be used in this context also be accepted.

Normally, however, the conduction elements can be corrugated lethal bellows or hoses that allow a very high degree of flexibility of the pipe joint.

cheerful features and details of the invention result from the following description based on embodiments that are based on the drawing are shown. The drawing shows: FIG. 1 an angularly movable tubular joint; 2 shows a further embodiment of an angularly movable ear joint; Fig. 3 a Modification of the head joint according to ig. 2 with no reaction force in the axial direction the tube and circumferentially around the tube axis; Vig. 4 another embodiment an angularly movable pipe joint una Fig. 5 to 7 flexible line elements With different reinforcements in view of extreme internal and external pressure loads.

Fig. 1 shows a movable pipeline element with pipes 1 and 2, the ends 3, 4 facing each other with their free, medium-tight closed ends are. Here, the pipe 1 may be the supply pipe and within the pipeline system the pipe 2 will be the drainage pipe. The tubes 1 and 2 are over their free ends 3 and 4 can be pivoted in a manner known per se via a joint with a joint pin 5 connected to each other so that they perform angular movements about the axis of the bolt 5 can. For connecting the movable pipeline element shown in FIG. 1 within the pipeline system, the pipes 1 and 2 have connecting flanges 6 and 7 on.

Approximately diametrically opposite to the common pipe axis 8 Way, the tubes 1 and 2 carry tube arms 9, 10 and 11, 12, the ends 13, 14 and 15, 16 essentially in the direction of the tube axis 8, each on the other of the tubes 1, 2 are open. On the pipe arms 9 to 12 are each via shut-off valves 17, 18, 19, 20 hoses 21 and 22 connected, essentially in an axial plane the Rohrachae 8 over a full arc of at least 360 ° from one of its connecting ends are guided to the other end of the connection, said arc of the Pipe axis 8 extends away.

The hoses 21, 22 can, for example, be metal corrugated hoses with a metal braid 23, 24 are armored. the Reinforcement supports the corrugated hoses, not shown in detail, against the line pressure prevailing in their interior and on the other hand protects them against external mechanical stresses. In addition, the said corrugated hoses in their Inside a coiled metal hose or, for example, a plastic hose have in order to the medium to be passed through the lowest possible flow resistance to oppose.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing Pipe arms 9 and 10 behind the pipe arms 11 and 12, whereby in a corresponding manner the hoses 21 and 22 over their elbow a shallow screw thread from their connection to the pipe arms 11 and 12 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing to the rear to their connections to the pipe arms. 9 and 10 describe.

As can be seen, is in the pipeline element described through the tubes 1 and 2 given flow cross-section divided into the through the Line elements 21 and 22 given flow cross-sections, it should be noted that that, for example, another pair of the line connections shown in the same Way in addition perpendicular to the Drawing plane can be provided. It is only essential that the line connections shown are symmetrical are arranged over the circumference around the pipe axis 8. Through this division of the flow cross-section of the tubes 1 and 2 result for the flexible line elements 21 and 22 correspondingly smaller flow cross-sections where high internal pressures can be controlled much better and more safely than would be the case if the Pipes 1 and 2 directly through a flexible pipe element of their own cross-section would be connected to each other. The division of the flow cross-section does, however also the illustrated movable pipeline element independent of the flow cross-section of pipes 1 and 2, as only the number of flexible line elements increases as it increases 21 and 22 must be increased in the emphasized symmetrical manner to the flow cross-section to leave the line elements 21 and 22 unchanged.

In addition, the routing of the line elements 21 and 22 is necessary over a full arc, so that it is in its stretched position under internal pressure seek to move, whereby, as said under internal pressure, the line element 21 the pipe arms 9 and 11 and the line element 22, the Rohrgrme 10 and 12 on top of each other to seeks to move. This action of force leads overall to the fact that the tubes 1 and 2 are pressed towards each other, due to the symmetrical arrangement of the line elements 21 and 22, a resulting tilting force between the tubes 1 and 2 does not exist is. The joint with the bolt 5 is accordingly in the direction of the pipe axis 8 loaded on pressure.

The fact that the line elements 21 and 22 in the described Way are guided in a flat screw thread, has in the circumferential direction to the pipe axis 8 the effect that the line elements with their free ends in each case want to move to the common axial plane of the pipe axis 8. In other words, this means that over the ends of the line element 21, the pipe socket 9 and 11 in the circumferential direction to the pipe axis 8 are pressed towards each other, while through the ends of the line element 22, the pipe socket 10 and 12 pressed towards one another in the circumferential direction to the pipe axis 8 will.

If one assumes that the tube 1 is arranged in a stationary manner, then means this in turn, expressed differently, that both the pipe socket perpendicular to the plane of the drawing 11 and the pipe socket 12 are pressed backwards. However, since these two onto the pipe arms 11 and 12 in the circumferential direction to the pipe axis 8 exercised Forces are directed in opposite directions, they cancel each other out, so that the pipeline element described is free of torsion forces with respect to the pipe axis 8 is.

Thus, in summary, the line elements 21 and 22 need to assume no support function with regard to the mutual position of pipes 1 and 2, so that their resilience is entirely dependent on the management of the medium they carry is available.

In addition, the pipeline element clearly results in a very large one Angular mobility of the tubes 1 and 2 against each other - in this case around the axis of the bolt 5 -, so that the pipeline element is able to safely move accordingly large displacement movements between the pipelines adjoining it compensate.

2 shows a movable pipeline element with tubes 30, 31 along a common pipe axis 32, which is a large number of only partially visible, but again symmetrically distributed on the circumference pipe arms 33 to 36 on the one hand and 37 to 39, on the other hand, which, viewed in the direction of the axis 32, alternate Interlock finger-like and connected to one another by hoses 40 to 43 are.

This applies to this movable pipeline element with reference to FIG. 1 said with the following two differences: According to FIG. 2, the tubes 30 and 31 supported axially against one another by a ball joint, which is only indicated schematically, its socket 44 is firmly connected to the pipe 30 and its ball 45 is firmly connected to the pipe 31 is. As a result, the tubes 30 and 31 are angularly movable with respect to one another in every direction.

On the other hand, the pitch of the screw thread extends for all Line elements 40 to 43 in the same circumferential direction, so that the in Fig. 2 The pipeline element shown is not free of torsion forces. If you look at that If pipe 30 is stationary, then pipe 31 would be to the left in relation to the drawing are rotated away until, for example, the connecting piece 38 is in contact with the connecting piece 34 device. The pipeline element shown in Fig. 2 is therefore because of its per se simple structural design suitable for those cases in which torsional forces can be recorded via the tubes 30 and 31.

For reasons of clarity, FIG. 3 shows only partially and simplified representation an in Direction of the pipe axis 50 as well In the circumferential direction for this purpose completely relieved execution of a movable pipeline element. In this go from tubes 51 and 52 once assigned to one another, essentially axially in the direction of the opposite tube open, approximately straight tube arms 53 and 54, while on the other hand, about 900 in the circumferential direction to the axis 50 offset, raw arms 55 and 56 are arranged, the ends 57 and 58 bent back by 1800 and are therefore open axially in the direction of the pipe from which they extend.

This arrangement has the effect that the line element 59 in the already described with reference to FIG. 1, the tubes 51 and 52 towards one another seeks to move, while the conduit member 60 by its tendency to move into the To straighten straight, pulls tubes 51 and 52 away from each other. Now what's up For the sake of clarity, it is not shown in more detail in FIG. 3, each related on the pipe axis 50 diametrically opposite the combination of arms 53 and 54 with line element 59 on the one hand and nozzles 55 and 56 with line element 60 on the other side repeated, so are those described by the line elements 59 on the one hand and 60 on the other hand, oppositely directed axial forces are canceled out against each other, so that the pipeline element is free of axial and tilting forces.

As can also be seen from Fig. 3, the goes from the line elements 59 on the one hand and 60 on the other hand in the circumferential direction about the axis 50 described Opposite screw thread, so that the line element 59, the pipe arms 53 and 54 towards one another and the line element 60, the tube arms 57 and 58 towards one another wants to move. Since these forces exerted in the circumferential direction to the axis 50 are mutually exclusive are directed in the opposite direction, there is also a balance here and, as a result, freedom of reaction force given.

The tubes 51 and 52 are again illustrated only schematically by a Ball joint supported against one another or positively connected to one another, its The pan 61 is firmly connected to the tube 51 and the ball 62 of which is connected to the tube 52. The pipeline element illustrated in FIG. 3 is thus angularly movable on all sides, without reaction forces having to be supported by the ball joint, which makes this practical maintenance-free because it is unencumbered.

It goes without saying that, depending on the cross section of the tubes 51 and 52 integral multiples arranged symmetrically on the circumference about the axis 50 of the two opposite connections 53, 54, 59 on the one hand and 55, 56, 60 on the other hand are possible.

On the basis of the illustration in FIG. 3, another one, in Possibility of compensating for the torsional force, not shown in the drawing explain about the axis 50. To do this, imagine that the pipe arms. 53 and 54 extended in this way and with their free ends against each other in the circumferential direction are bent offset that their openings are aligned parallel to the axis 50 with each other or are located next to one another radially to the axis 50. Imagine the same corresponding to the tube arms 55 and 56 before. Then describe the line elements 59 and 60 an arc in one plane, so that their ends no longer have a force component exercise around the axis 50 in the circumferential direction. Align the ends of the tube arms 53 and 54 on the one hand and 55 and 56 on the other hand with each other, there is also none Force component radial to axis 50. However, if the ends are radial to axis 50 next to each other, so must in turn by symmetrically alternating radial over the circumference Offset of the arms ends of the tube 51 on the one hand and 52 on the other hand a compensation the radial forces now exerted by the line elements 59 and 60 are brought about will.

Fig. 4 illustrates a movable pipe joint in which the tube 63, 64 merge with common pipe axis 65 in junction boxes 66 and 67, the each have from the other pipe away open connection openings 68 to 75, the by line elements 76 to 79 guided between them over a full arc are connected to each other. The curve of the line elements 76 to extends 79 about a common axis lying transversely to the pipe axis 65 and intersecting it 80, the line elements 76 to 79 are so side by side in the manner of a battery arranged symmetrically on both sides of the pipe axis 65. The connection openings are also located for the line elements alternately on the amount of the facing and the the amount of the opposite side of the junction boxes 66 and 67, which results in symmetrical arrangement; of the line elements on the junction boxes 66 and 6 '(and thus on the tubes 6) and 64 cancel the ripping forces exerted around the axis 80.

Around the axis 80 there is also an articulated connection between the Tubes 63 and 64 formed by arranging a pivot pin 81 coaxially there is that the junction box 66 and 67 with Kan, lil-like arranged bearing eyes 82 to s7.

While so far the flexible line elements as corrugated hoses with Metal braiding described and shown as a support against internal overpressure 5 to 7 show how, for example, the lines 21 and 22 according to FIG Fig. 1 by flexible line elements in the form of tubes, tube bundles or corrugated hoses Have 88, 89 or 90 replaced if the very highest internal or external pressures are handled Need to become.

ach Fig. 5 is a pipe or corrugated hose 88 with a bandage 91 who help the very high prevailing in the line element To support internal pressure or, for example, when they are made of sheet metal exists, with high external overpressure like a vault the arched guidance of the Line element 88 can be removed. The bandaging must be of an even number of lunatics, consist of at least two layers, each wound alternately in opposite directions are and are applied in the stretched state of the line element. it will Line element then curved into the arch shape according to FIG. 1, so gape the joints of the individual layers of the bandage, as at 92 on the outer one can be seen, apart, of course, the radially outer fibers of the line element 88 experience an expansion. So there is sufficient mobility of the flexible pipe element with the lowest possible bending resistance, On the other hand, however, the supporting effect also fdr the case of the external overpressure in the manner of a vault arranged in the arch of the conduit element, since there the the bandage protrude axially against one another.

In Fig. 6 is another reinforcement of flexible conduit elements shown against extreme unneeded or external pressure. This consists of attached Pipe sections') 3. These point in the direction of the line element 89 convex, essentially in the hadial direction to the curvature of the line element extending @ iegeflächen 94, over which they mutually in the longitudinal direction of the Line element are supported. Due to these weighing surfaces, the line element Sufficient bending freedom with low bending resistance.

Finally shows l'ig. 7 one exclusively for external overpressure provided 1l of a reinforcement of the existing, for example, a corrugated hose 90 Line element. These are on the inside of the curve of the line element half-shell-shaped and in the longitudinal direction of the line element in the area thereof neutral bending fiber 95 contiguous' support elements 96 are provided, which in dereich the neutral flexible fiber of the line element against mutual displacement in Direction of the radius of curvature of the arcuate course of the pipeline element at 97 are articulated together. To the support elements 96 on the line element 90, thanks to the articulated design 97, it is sufficient if in sections only some of the support elements form a bracket that surrounds the line element 90 on the outside 98 have.

Claims (16)

Claims W pipe joint with a Gegebelenfall9 with connecting flanges Od of the joint in alignment with the discharge pipe for the medium, the facing Ends of the tubes tightly to one another by at least one flexible line element are connected, the pipes also a connecting, angular movements permitting Have joint, each of the mutually facing ends of the tubes several symmetrically has arranged around the pipe axis connection openings, the connection openings each Pipe end essentially towards the other pipe end, away from the other pipe end or while maintaining their symmetrical arrangement partly towards the other end of the pipe, partly are open from the other end of the pipe, substantially parallel to the pipe axis with each other aligned or adjacent connection openings through a flexible line element are tightly connected to each other and wherein the line elements starting from their a connecting end over at least one full arc. are guided with a constant direction of rotation, characterized in that that the flexible line elements (21, 22; 40 to 43; 59, 60; 76 to 79; 88; 89; 90) with a length located between the connecting pieces over its entire length extending reinforcement or armor (23, 24; 91; 93; 96) against internal or surrounding overpressure are that at least at intervals on the whole capture of the line elements is applied. 2. Pipe joint according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner The reinforcement pressurizes a braid (23 '), 21) with a braid angle above the neutral braid angle it, which is on the dogs of the pipe elements or the connection there is at least axially fixed. 3. Pipe joint according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcement a bandage (91) made of a straight multiplicity of alternately wound in opposite directions, in the extended state of the line elements (88) is applied layers. 4. Pipe joint according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the reinforcement from pushed onto the line element (89), axially abutting Rchrabschnitte (93) consists. 5. Pipe joint in accordance with Claim 4, which is not available n e t that the Rohrslbschnitte (93) extend over substantially in the direction of the radius of curvature of the line element (89) extending, concave cradle surfaces (94) against each other prop up. 6. Pipe joint according to claim 1, characterized in that the line elements (90) in the event of external pressure loading by means of half-shell-shaped and in the longitudinal direction of the line elements in the area of their focal point flexible fiber (95) supporting elements (96) lying against one another are reinforced. 7. Rohraelenk according to claim 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the support elements (96) in the area of the neutral flexible fiber (95) of the line elements (90) against mutual displacement in the direction of the radius of curvature of the line elements are articulated to one another (97). 8. tubular joint according to claim 7, characterized in that the support elements (96) in sections to several by one attached to a support element, the respective line element (90) outside the bracket (98) al line element Are fixed. 9. Pipe joint according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the conduit elements pipes or Tube bundles are. 10. Pipe joint according to one of the claims 1 to 8, d a d u r c h g e it is not indicated that the line elements are corrugated metal bellows or hoses are. 11. Pipe joint according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r it is noted that the arches of the dividing elements (76 to 7 @) around a axis (80) extending transversely to the pipe axis (65) and intersecting it are led. 12. Pipe joint according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that that the @ o @ en of @leitungselerente (21, 22; 40 to 43; 59, 60) are off the axis of the axis (8, rg, o; dried up away. 13. Pipe joint according to one of the forerunners anseruche, d a d u r c t g e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the opening direction of the Connection opening or the openings of the pipe arms tangentially in the of the Beitungselemente on their Connection ends at the starting or nermal position of the pipe joint assumed arch transforms. 14. Rohrge] enk according to AnsT) ruch 1, characterized in that when the pipe joint is assembled and there are even numbers on each pipe, Side by side Xohrarmen half of the tubular arms of a pipe opposite related to the arms of the other pipe assigned to them about the pipe axis (b; 50) in FIG on the other half of the tube arms is offset counterclockwise. 15. Pipe joint according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that between the joint and at least one of the pipe ends one in the direction of the pipe axis length-adjustable connection exists. 16. Pipe joint according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that that with two or more arranged one behind the other in the direction of the pipe axis Joints between two adjacent joints one in the direction the pipe axis is length-adjustable connection.