DE2730052A1 - Bonded felt used as floor and wall covering substrate - contg. cellulose and stabilising polyester, nylon or glass fibres (NL 10.1.78) - Google Patents

Abstract

Bonded felt consists of fibres (I) and a binder (II), has a substance of >=150(200-700)g/m2 (I)+(II), a dry (II) content of >=10(20-35) wt. % w.r.t. (I)+(II) and a thickness of >=0.3 (0.5-1)mm. (I) consists of >=50(8-50) wt. % cellulose fibres (Ia) and >=8(10-50)% stabilising fibres (Ib). (Ib) pref. are polyester, nylon or glass fibres. Pref. 25-75% of (Ia) is (un)bleached (semi)chemical or mechanical soft- or hard-wood pulp or (un)crimped regenerated cellulose fibres and the rest recovered fibres, esp. newspaper. (II) is a styrene/butadiene or acrylic copolymer latex. Used as substrate for floor and wall coverings with a decorative layer, esp. a decorative resilient vinyl floor covering with a foamed vinyl layer and a wear-resistant coating. The felt is suitable as a replacement for (wet-laid) asbestos substrates for floor coverings, eliminating problems of toxicity. Part of (Ia) can consist of waste paper or newspaper, which reduces the cost.

Description

Flat material and its uses

The invention relates to sheet materials for use as substrates are suitable for floor or wall coverings, especially for decorative resilient vinyl floor coverings, And these coverings Decorative resilient vinyl flooring are currently in great use Scope manufactured. They consist of a decorative layer of resilient vinyl that carried by a substrate. The decorative resilient vinyl layer consists of the generally from a layer of a foamed vinyl polymer, which from an unfoamed wear-resistant layer is covered, the foamed layer or the wear-resistant Layer or both together give the product a decorative effect. Such Products are made by applying a foamable composition to a substrate and then foaming the composition. This layer can be done on purpose be embossed or caused to foam in such a way that there is an embossing effect results.

Typical substrates that come into consideration are given on page 3 of the GB-PS 1,069,993 described. For satisfactory use as a substrate For resilient vinyl floor coverings, the substrate must have a high degree of stability, one high dimensional accuracy and sufficient strength to withstand the manufacturing conditions to withstand that occur in the manufacture of flooring, and it must be smooth respectively.

be soft (smootb) (hereinafter referred to as smooth for the sake of brevity net), or you have to be able to apply a smooth coating.

Flat materials made of matted cellulose or mineral fibers are described in GB-PS 1,069,993 as being particularly suitable. In all examples, in which one used a substrate, one used a cellulose felt, which with was impregnated with a synthetic binder. This may not be very surprising because cellulose felts have long been used as a cheap substrate for various purposes used, and these impregnated with bitumen are used extensively in floor coverings Find.

Unfortunately, cellulosic felts proved themselves in the commercial Use as substrates for resilient vinyl floor coverings as unsatisfactory. One reason for this is that despite the huge investments that have been made in research and development Development of such floor coverings has been made in the last 10 years, nobody produced a cellulosic substrate that had adequate stability in bulk and Has dimensional accuracy, especially when used in an environment where it is with Condensation or other moisture can come into contact.

Of course, cellulose products are sensitive to moisture generally known and numerous proposals have been made and commercialized used to overcome this disadvantage. It is currently in use, specialty papers which generally weigh up to about 100 g / m2, and which are made entirely of synthetic materials Fibers or mixtures of cellulosic fibers with some non-cellulosic fibers Fibers are made, and such papers can be made with a synthetic binder impregnate.

Typical recent examples are in British Patents 1,239,157 and 1,338 759, but there are also many others dating back many years. the obtained products are known to be relatively expensive and are only for special purposes suitable, and they are therefore intrinsically thin products, e.g. a thickness of less than 100 g / m2, i.e. with a normal paper thickness. Such products are of course called Substrates for resilient vinyl floor coverings in terms of their very low mass and strength absolutely unsuitable.

A few efforts have been made lately, one Commercially manufacture resilient vinyl flooring by making a cellulosic substrate used on the back of the product, but none was at the general one Usage very satisfactorily. Instead of the substrate, m is used the most a wet-laid lsbest felt, ('.h.

an asbestos felt that can be obtained by removing water from a layer a pulp of asbestos fibers and binding agent in water. Despite the fact, that asbestos is expensive and poses a serious health risk no alternative substrate a further inclusion.

Despite the previous lack of success with cellulose felts as substrates For resilient vinyl floor coverings, according to the invention, it was found that one can produce an acceptable substitute for asbestos based on cellulose, which is a has satisfactory stability in terms of mass and dimensional accuracy and none has toxicity problems with asbesta.

The invention provides a substrate that is particularly suitable for resilient vinyl floor coverings is suitable and represents a flat material that consists of a bonded Felt is made up of fibers and binders, where the weight of the fibers and the Binder is at least 150 g / m², the at least 10 °, 4 dry weight binder, -related on the weight of the fibers and the binder and that is at least 0.3 mm thick, with at least 50% by weight of the fibers in felt cellulose fibers and at least S% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, of the fibers are stabilizing fibers.

It was a natural endeavor for any person skilled in the art of substrates for floor coverings, cheap materials to use, and hence the use of a large amount of reclaimed cellulosic fibers comes about in many cellulose felts. The use of expensive materials was therefore always limited to light weight and high cost papers.

The invention is based in part on the discovery that many of the Problems with substrates for floor coverings, particularly resilient vinyl floor coverings from come from this special procedure, in which one despite the enormous research effort persisted in this general field.

Thus, according to the invention, both high-cost materials are used as well as those with low or lower cost such that one can get a product that is eminently suitable for its intended use, i. especially as a replacement for asbestos substrates in resilient vinyl floor coverings.

Of course, it can also be used as a substrate for resilient vinyl wall coverings and for various other vinyl based and non-vinyl based floor and wall coverings use.

The cellulose fibers that can be used according to the invention can be: bleached or unbleached, chemicr; e, semi-chemical or mechanical 'e' oak or resin wood pulps; crimped or uncrimped regenerated cellulose fibers; or recovered Fibers such as waste paper and / or paperboard, and / or newspaper paper, either as received or discolored, and / or bleached or unbleached rag waste, which may contain a proportion of synthetic fibers. Used preferably a mixture of recovered fibers and high quality fibers, which in particular contains at least 25% high quality fibers, and receives a higher dimensional accuracy. For example, the cellulose fibers used according to the invention 30 to 70% by weight, for example 50% by weight of the chemical pulp and 70 to 30% by weight, for example 50 Contain% by weight of waste paper or newsprint or other recovered fibers.

The bonded felt contains at least 8% of the fiber weight stabilizing Fibers, i.e. fibers that are hydrophobic or have poor water sensitivity to have. You should of course withstand the processing temperatures that occur during the formation of the floor covering on the substrate. Such Fibers can be made from polyester, acrylic, nylon, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, Select glass, ceramic and mineral fibers. Although it can also be used it is important not to use asbestos for health reasons. Fiberglass are often preferred. Although one has organic and / or inorganic stabilizing Fibers, the stabilizing fibers preferably include organic ones Fibers a. Preferably at least 10% by weight of the fibers are organic stabilizing Fibers, and for reasons of health it is often preferred that all stabilize Fibers are organic fibers. Preferred organic fibers are nylon and in particular Polyester fibers.

The stabilis:; erenden fibers can be crimped or uncrimped Form, dyed or undyed, and either as staple fibers or as frayed and include chopped lumens.

The amount of stabilizing fibers based on the fiber weight im Fila is suitably from 3, or preferably from 10 to 5 weight percent, in particular 20 to 50 wt%; 25 to 40% by weight are particularly preferred. Generally there is the fiber content of the felt consists only of the cellulose fibers and the stabilizing fibers, the preferred weight of the cellulosic fibers being 50 to 80%, for example 60 to 75%.

The stabilizing fibers give wet strength and dimensional stability the felt under conditions of varying humidity. To use a flat material To form maximum uniformity, it is preferred to use fibers that have no have random distribution in length and / or denier.

Instead, the fibers are preferably of uniform length and denier or a mixture obtained by mixing controlled amounts of fibers of various uniform lengths and / or deniers. Preferably the longest fibers are no more than five times the length of the shortest fibers in any mix, and preferably is the largest denier no more than the five-facre of the finest denier.

The preferred stabilizing fibers are polyester fibers are uncrimped and undyed staple fibers. Such fibers are gate-wise 1 to 25 mm long, and in particular 2 to 9 mm lE, ng. Your denier is preferably 1 to 20 and especially 2 to 10.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the fiber mixture used is a mixture of 30 to 40% by weight of chemical cellulose pulp, 30 to 40% by weight of reclaimed waste cellulose fibers (preferably newsprint) and 20 to 40 weight percent uncrimped polyester fibers, preferably composed of about equal proportions by weight of uncrimped polyester fibers 3 mm in length and 2 denier strength and uncrimped polyester fibers with 6 mm length and 5 denier strength are composed.

Used to give the bonded felt optimum wet strength it is preferable to use a binder that is after any necessary hardening stage is not sensitive to water.

Suitable materials are bitumen, hydrocarbon resins, polymers Types of latex (latices), dispersions or solutions and water-soluble polymeric materials, which can be hardened in the felt and which result in a water-insoluble resin. The binder must also be able to withstand the conditions (especially high temperature) to which it is subject to during the manufacture of floor coverings in which the Flat material represents a substrate. Those preferred in the use according to the invention Binders are styrene / butadiene resins and acrylic copolymer latex types. To the To improve wet strength during processing or in the final product wet strength resins such as urea / formaldehyde type are used as part of the binder use, e.g. up to 20% by weight of the binder. In general, this is used Weight of the binder 10 to 45% by weight, in particular 20 to 35% by weight of the raw weight of the fibers and the binder in the felt.

The preferred weight of fibers and binder in the bonded felt is 150 to 1000 g / m2, in particular 200 to 70C g / m2; are particularly preferred 300 to 500 g / m2. Higher weights are possible, e.g. up to 2000 g / m 2, and these products are suitable, but generally less economically desirable. The thickness of the felt according to the invention is generally at least 0.30 mm and generally no more than 1.2 mm, e.g., at least 0.35 mm, preferably at least 0.4 mm and in particular 0.5 to 1 mm. According to the invention you can use the connected Use felts as floor coverings satisfactorily if they are thinner than equivalent are satisfactory asbestos felts. For example, asbestos felts are of less Than 0.5 mm is almost invariably unsuitable because they tend to be insufficient I have the strength to withstand the processing conditions, in particular the stresses during printing, but the substrates according to the invention with a thickness of 0.5 mm can be used satisfactorily.

In addition to the fiber and binding agent components of the felts, you can add various other additives in smaller quantities and have certain properties to enhance. For example, one can use to improve the color of the connected felt Include colorants, e.g., inorganic or organic pigments or dyes. Fungicides, deodorants and / or bactericides can be added. All such Additives are generally preferred in a total amount of from 0 to 10% by weight 0.5 to 5 percent by weight at present, based on the weight of fibers and binder. However, larger amounts, e.g. 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by weight, based on the weight of fibers and binders, to use fillers improve the smoothness or density of the felt, and are kaolin or chalk white very suitable for this purpose.

The bonded felt according to the invention can be suitably manufactured by that you first have the cellulose fiber in a conventional paper or cardboard production plant manufactures, e.g. in a water pulper (hydropulper), Holländer, Plattenabßch e ider (disc refiner) or scraper (cleaner).

The mass is then diluted and the stabilizing.

Fibers either dry or as a dispersion. The mix of the Mass and the stabilizing fibers form mar.

then to a felt for subsequent saturation with the u binder or mixes them with binder and forms them into a bonded felt.

Three examples of the different methods of binder addition are given described below. In each case a Fourdrinier screen paper machine was used, but you can also use other machines that make felts. The first method can be referred to as "wet end addition". This method the binder is added to the fiber mass.

the machine sieve. The binding agent can either be in batch: nweiser or admit continuous working method. because the binder evenly through the material is dispersed, it is chemically or physically bound to the fibers and forms a paper / cardboard felt. The felt is then dried in the usual way, calenders it and produces an acceptable product. This working method is more detailed in GB-PS 1,333,759.

If necessary, the felt can be given a surface treatment on the Give the impresale (size press). he type of material used depends of course depends on whether you want an improvement in the surface, the color or the wet strength demands.

The second method, "size press saturation" is a continuous (on-line) saturation method in which a felt without a binder, which may contain wet strength resins, forms on the sieve and then partially dries. Before it is completely dry, one saturates (len Felt with a binder in a suitable unit, e.g. in a size press. Then the felt is dried with a downstream fineness (in tandem) and receives a felt that is similar in appearance and properties to the one with the Wet final saturation method produces.

The latex binder can be in the fiber matrix by heat or deposit a chemical treatment. "Dip saturation" is the third method, which is an off-line method, in which The initial step is to make a binder-free felt, the one May contain proportion of wet strength resin.

The dried felt is then dipped to saturation (dip saturated) discontinuously in a binder bath and dries it again. The binder can be deposited in the fiber matrix by heat or chemical treatment.

The flat material according to the invention can only consist of the connected felt exist, but one can increase its properties when using it as a substrate For floor or wall coverings to improve one or more coatings on the connected Apply felt. The sheet of the invention is desirably so smooth as possible, especially if you use it as a substrate for decorative resilient vinyl flooring or want to use wall coverings made by foaming an applied composition produced because small fluctuations in the smoothness of the substrate due to the foam ratio can be enlarged, and that can be more than five times. Hence it often is a smoothing coating, e.g. 50 to 500 g / m2 of a plastic composition to apply at least to the surface that is to support the foamed covering.

Such a composition can be a plastisol.

You can also apply coatings to the back of the substrate. The coverings can be made of foamed or foamable material and an additional one Thickness and elasticity, or they can be unfoamed, e.g. made of filled PV '<(- compositions, and the substrate still further through against the attack Protect moisture, give a more decorative reinforcement or give flexibility of the final product and the product's ability to lie flat, should it's built in.

All these different coatings can be applied in the usual way, e.g. by spread coating or printing of liquid compositions or through Calendering of preformed layers on the connected mushroom.

The total weight of the coating or coatings on top That is, the surface area which is to carry the decorative layer is generally 50 to 500 g / m2, while the total weight of the coating or coatings on the rear surface is generally 100 to 1000 g / m2. The total weight of the sheet material is preferably 300 to 2000 g / m 2, with the preferred Flat materials weigh 1000 to 2000 g / m2, of which 300 to 500 g / m2 is the weight of the Fibers and binder in the conjoined mushroom, 100 to 300 g / m2 a smoothing Coating and 500 to 1000 g / m2 one or more supporting coatings and 0 to 500 g / m2 are the filler in the bonded felt.

When using it as a substrate for a decorative vinyl floor or wall covering you can put the decorative vinyl finish (finLsh) on the flat material apply in any usual way. For example, you can have one or more Lay out layers of vinyl chloride on it, which you can then with a decorative pattern printed, which in turn with a transparent wear layer can cover. Inabes, others, however, use the flat material as a substrate for a springy vinyl layer. One can produce this by having a foamable composition, generally a plastisol, then applies heated and causes foaming. The applied composition can be used with print a decoration and / or with a wear layer in general cover the foaming. The foamed layer obtained may be of more uniform Thick or profiled.

There are two general ways of making one according to the invention profiled resilient wall or floor covering, i.e.

of a product that (1) consists of a foamed layer of a foamed Polymer material with a surface that has a level that in some areas is above the level of the rest of the surface, (2) from a decorative pattern in or above the foamed layer and in general (3) an unspoiled wear layer over the decorative pattern, wherein the wearing course is generally transparent. One method separates one has a substantially uniform layer of foamable material on top of one Substrate from and foams oie thereafter, generally after the application of the wear-resistant Layer, and then embosses it several times, so that you get the desired profile effect achieved. One such method of operation is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,741,851.

A second method of making the resilient vinyl floor or floor Wall coverings with a profiled surface is to a greater extent commercial introduced and consists of putting a layer of a foamable on a substrate Material separates that can be foamed in such a way that a surface level forms in some areas above the level of the rest of the surface, and by causing such foaming, generally after application the wear-resistant layer.

The foamable layer can be an all-covering layer of one be splittable material or it can be an interrupted layer, whereby the foamable material is deposited in this way only on some parts of the surface layer is that after foaming there are some raised areas of foamed material separated by areas where there is no foamed material.

In general there are two main ways of depositing a layer made of foamable material that can be foamed in such a way that one surface level achieved in some areas above the level of the rest of the surface. at One of these methods is to apply a foamable composition in this way Substrate that different areas of the substrate have different amounts of the same Wear composition (e.g. by spreading it out on a profiled Substrate or by printing), or that they are identical or different quantities of different Wear compositions, e.g.

Compositions containing various amounts of blowing agent. Such Methods are described, for example, in U.S. Patents 2,920,977 and 3,239,365 and in British Patents 1 409 295.

The other main way of performing this method is; man and provides a substantially uniform layer of foamable composition They use a chemical agent only in selected areas, for example through Imprint beneath it, on it or on a wear-resistant layer above ye causing preferential foaming in various areas. One can So apply an inhibitor for the blowing agent in certain areas in such a way that that there is less foaming in these areas than in others. Such Methods are described in GB-PS 1,069,993 and 1,150,902, for example.

The invention is explained in more detail below by means of examples.

Example 1 A mixture of 50 parts by weight of a was prepared bleached chemical pulp and 50 parts by weight of newsprint by adding used conventional pulp making equipment. The crowd with a The consistency of 5 Vo was diluted to a consistency of 2% and a mixture was added of equal parts by weight of dry polyester fibers 3 mm in length and 2 denier Thickness or 6 mm length and 5 denier thickness and carefully dispersed them in the crowd. The weight of the polyester fibers was one third of the weight of the Cellulose fibers.

A styrene / butadiene mixed polymer latex with a solids content of 50 do (Intex 173 - trademark of ISR Corporation) was then added with a solids content of 25 parts to 75 parts of the dry fibers. The whole thing was dispersed evenly, Thereafter a concentrated aqueous dispersion of a fungicide was added to the dispersed ones Fibers and latex and received a concentration of the active ingredient of 1 wt .-; Ó, based on the total weight of fiber and binder, and carefully dispersed. The fungicide was copper A-hydroxyquinoline (sold under the trademark Cunilate RQ31 from Cuprinol Limtted).

An alum solution was added to the system and the latex dispersion was decomposed (Alum addition up to a pH value of 4 to 5.5). The system and the decomposed latex one then diluted to a consistency of 0, 0 and dosed it in one Flow box. A polyacrylamide (Percol 292, 's' trademark of Allie Colloids) in an amount of 3 to 12 pptn (solids content based on the total water content) as a 0.05% solution and flocculated the Particles off. By using such a compound, one achieved a high level of latex retention on the fiber, and the level of flocculant has also been adjusted to give satisfactory drainage properties scored on the machine screen.

The felt was then dried on paper / cardboard drying cylinders and calendered it, preferably continuously, and formed a sheet that had such stability and bulk properties that it was satisfactory could use as a substrate for a floor covering. Its weight was 390 gotm2, of which 97.5 g / m2 was binder and it was 0.63 mm thick.

Example 2 A mixture of 50 parts by weight of unbleached Kraft material and 50 parts by weight of newsprint were produced using a conventional paper or used paperboard making equipment. After diluting as in the example 1 was given straight glass fibers with a staple length of 6 mm and a diameter of 10 pm and carefully dispersed them in the wet. The weight of the fiberglass was 1/9 of the Weight of the cellulose fibers.

A styrene / butadiene mixed polymer latex with a solids content of 50% (Intex 17, a trademark of I.S.R. Corporation) was then added at a solids level from 30 parts to 70 parts dry fibers. The whole thing was dispersed evenly and followed the working method as in Example 1.

The felt produced in this way was smooth after drying and calendering with a high tensile strength even in the wet, with a high tensile strength, with greatly improved dimensional stability compared to felts, which can be made without adding glass fibers hwr made, and it was for use as a substrate in the manufacture of Suitable for floor coverings. Its weight was 425 g / m², of which 127.5 g / m² was binder and it was 0.53 mm thick.

Example 3 A mixture of 50 parts by weight of unbleached material was prepared Kraft material and 50 parts by weight of waste paper with the consistencies as in the example 1 ago. A mixture of 3 parts by weight of polyester fibers 3 mm in length and 2 denier Strength and 7.5 parts by weight polyester fibers with a length of 6 mm and a strength of 5 denier then admitted Main and carefully dispersed it in the mass. The weight of the Polyester fibers accounted for 58% of the weight of the cellulose fibers.

An acrylic mixed polymer latex with 40% solids content (cronal 3121), Trademarks of B.A * S.i '.) Were then issued with a fixed content of 10 Allocate dry fibers to 30 parts. The latex and fibers dispersed on evenly with the method as in Example 1 with the exception that then the Adjusted mass consistency in the flow box of the paper machine to 0.5%.

The felt produced in this way was smooth after drying and calendering, retained good dimensional stability and strength in the wet and was for use as a substrate in manufacture suitable for floor coverings. Its weight was 392 g / m2, of which 113 g / m2 was binder, and was 0.69 mm thick.

Other flat materials according to the invention can be used in a similar manner as with the method described here. For example, one can use the polyester or glass fibers by equal amounts of nylon or other stabilizing fibers substitute; you can use urea / formaldehyde resin in an amount of, for example 5 wt .-, O, based on the total weight of the binder, add, with the Wet strength additive, preferably as a suspension in water to the mass in the Adding the holSing chest in front of the paper machine screen.

Kaolin can be used in any of the examples in an amount 2 of for example add 90 g / m2 by adding a paste of kaolin to the water Cellulose dispersion is added and the fibers are stabilized before the addition of latex.

Example 4 The sheet material from any of Examples 1 through 3 gave a special mass, smoothness, llasticity and stability by looking at the Top and bottom coatings applied.

A smoothing coating of 250 g / m² was brought out of a filled one Acrylic latex on top of the sheet with a suitable coating apparatus e.g. with a knife on a jacket coater.

The latex cover dried. one by putting it through a convection oven sent, cooled the flat material as it exited the furnace and rolled it up further processing.

An extra weight, a different grip or feel and The flat material can be improved in stability by coating the rear side of the flat material. Therefore, they mixed 36% IVC, 45.6 GAo limestone filler, 11.6 ffi dioctyl phthalate plasticizers, 6.8% lubricants, secondary plasticizers, Carefully dry antioxidant and pigment in a dry blender, blending them further and melted them by extruding them through a mixing extruder. the molten mass was fed to a calender mill and calendered as a uniform one Flat material that you can immediately after formation on the previously uncoated Side of the flat material spread out. The thickness of the film was approximately 0.15 mm and its weight 2SC g / m2. After spreading the flat material, the was now coated on both sides for further processing.

Optionally, the flat material can be used as a decorative material for wall or floor coverings after applying the first coat and the back of the substrate as described above or with for example a mechanically foamed PVC layer, as the final stage of the main processing step.

Example 5 A resilient vinyl floor covering was made by the sheet material of one of Examples 1 to 4 is used as the substrate, preferably a sheet of example 4, in which the bonded felt 90 g / m2 kaolin contained as a filler. In order to produce the floor covering, the flat material was coated on the top with 350 g / m2 of a chemically foamable VVC plastisol, e.g. with any of the foamable compositions described in British Patent 1,069,993 are.

The coating was melted at 160.degree. C., a temperature at which the coating can be gelled without the blowing agent decomposing by sending it through through a convection oven, the coated material is then printed by Solvent-based inks used on a gravure press; if a texture is desired in the product obtained, some of the colors are said to be an inhibitor for the foaming reaction, as described in GB-PS 1,069,993.

A clear plastisol was then obtained by coating with a Reverse roller on, which had such an approach that it was after hardening a hard transparent Wear-resistant layer formed.

The material obtained was then sent through a forced air oven at 200 ° C. and hardened the coatings and caused foaming. The material cooled one and then wound it up. Because the material used to vcrwefl <iunL? as a floor covering should serve, the amount of the foamed layer was preferably 200 to 600 g / m², especially about 400 g / m²; but if felt use the material as a wall covering want, quantities of 50 to 200 g / m2 are suitable and tnan can be the most wear-resistant Omit the layer or replace it with a coat of paint.

Claims (16)

Claims 1. Flat material, characterized by a connected Felt comprising fibers and binder, a weight of the fibers and binder of at least 150 g / m2, a content of at least 10% binder dry weight (based on the weight of fibers and binders) and a minimum thickness of 0.3 mm, where at least 50% by weight of the fibers in the felt are cellulose fibers and at least 8 percent by weight of the fibers are stabilizing fibers. 2. Flat material according to claim 1, characterized in that the stabilizing fibers selected from the group of polyester, nylon and glass fibers are. 3. Flat material na <h claim 2, characterized by Iolyester fibers as stabilizing fibers. 4. Flat material still one of the previous AnsDrüere, thereby characterized in that 25 to 75) of the cellulose fibers are bleached or unbleached chemical, semi-chemical or mechanical soft or hardwood pulp or crimped or uncrimped regenerated cellulosic fibers and the remainder reclaimed fibers are. 5. Flat material according to claim 4, characterized in that 30 to 70% by weight of the cellulose fibers is chemical pulp and the remainder is recovered Fibers are. 6. Flat material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the fiber mixture is a mixture of 30 to 4C 'by weight,' chemical cellulose pulp, 30 to 40% recycled cellulose fiber and 20 to 40% polyester fiber. 7. Flat material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized through newsprint as reclaimed fiber. 3. Flat material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized It is shown that the binder consists of a styrene / R! ltadiene Har .: or from an acrylic mixed polymer latex. 9. Flachma; erial according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the amount of binder is 20 to 35 wt. based on the dry weight of the fibers and the binder in the felt. 10. Flat material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized Geke; indicated that the weight of grain and binding agent is 200 to 700 g / m2. 11. Flat material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the thickness of the bonded felt is 0.5 to 1 mm. 12. Flat material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that it has a smoothing coating of 50 to 500 g / m2 of a plastic composition wearing. 13. Flat material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the amount of stabilizing fibers is 10 to 50% by weight of the fibers amounts to. 14. Flat material according to one of the preceding claims as a floor or wall covering, characterized in that it has a decorative layer. 15. Flat material according to claim 14 as a decorative resilient vinyl floor covering, characterized in that the decorative layer consists of a foamed vinyl layer and an abrasion-resistant layer. 16. Flat material according to claim 15, characterized in that the decorative layer made of a foamed vinyl layer and an abrasion-resistant layer where the connected felt has a weight of fibers and binder of 200 up to 700 g / m2, binder in an amount of 20 to 3 wt. p. based on the dry weight on grain and contains binding agent, is 0.5 to 1 mm thick and made of a fiber mixture consists of 5 to 50% cellulose fibers, with 30 to 70% of the cellulose fibers are recovered fibers.