DE2608074A1 - Damaged lawn restoration vehicle - has plungers inserting tough grasses forming intensive cultures into previously drilled holes - Google Patents

Abstract

The wheeled vehicle is used to restore damaged lawns, particularly turf covered sports grounds. Where the damage has taken place, tough lawn grasses forming intensive cultures are inserted in seed holes (12) previously drilled at regular intervals. Grass specially cultivated in tubes can be used, and is thrust (5) from the tubes into the seed holes together with its nutritive soil, by a piston-shaped tool. A single machine, indexing forward, and with a wheeled chassis can be used to drill the holes and thrust the grass into them. The tubes containing the grass are fed forward automatically.

Description

Patent attorneys Dipl.-lng. Curt Wallach

Dipl.-Ing. Günther Koch 2 6 0 8 0 7 A Dipl.-Phys. Dr Tino Haibach

Dipl.-Ing. Rainer Feldkamp

D-8000 Munich 2 Kaufingerstraße 8 Telephone (0 89) 24 02 75 - Telex 5 29 513 wakai d

Date: 2 7th Fßb. «76

Our reference: 15 332 - K / Ap

Wolf-Geräte GmbH, Gregor-Wolf-Str., 5240 Betzdorf / Sieg

Process and device for the regeneration of lawn scars, especially of turf sports fields

The invention relates to a method of restoration and improvement of damaged turf scars «especially turf sports fields.

The heavy load on sports turf fields, for example soccer fields, resulting from a high game frequency, Handball fields or Hookeyfeidern leads to constant mechanical damage to the turf, which sooner or later, depending on the intensity of care, will result in Leaves bald spots interspersed playing field.

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State of development :

So far, essentially 2 processes have been used to regenerate gaps in lawns:

A) The overseeding with suitable lawn grasses (so-called overseeding), whereby the base course mechanically flat scratched the existing turf and then the lawn seeds sown in the tracks torn open by knife or disc coulters by seed coulters will.

B) The laying of pre-drawn turf, whereby the existing and mostly destroyed The sod is peeled off and replaced with a new sod.

These two known methods have a number of disadvantages:

1.) Procedure A and B require a space ban of 2-3 months. This time requirement is in in most cases, until either the overseeding introduced in overseeding is sufficient has rooted, especially in the goal and midfield area, where usually only one Remnants of grasses are present, or until the newly laid sod is laid according to method B. is firmly attached to the turf layer.

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This brings considerable disadvantages both in lawn sports facilities of all types financially - due to game failure - as well as in terms of occupancy mostly very expensive systems.

2. According to the previous overseeding method (A), it is only to a very limited extent possible to specifically establish special types of grass in an existing scar. The different degrees of usage require that the degree of Scar coverage fluctuates between ο - 1oo. Perhaps one can follow the previous one Overseeding processes only develop in very different ways. This then inevitably leads to very different proportions of the most varied Grasses in the stigma if the same grasses are not used for reseeding are predominantly present in the existing turf. If this is not observed, there is a risk that one in the parba aspect, growth behavior and resistance completely uneven turf arises.

3. Highly resilient sports turf surfaces require that the turf with the roots very deep, if possible 10-20 cm in the base course is anchored.

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A deep root depression is neither with the overseeding method according to A, is still guaranteed when the upholstery is carried out, as this will in most cases result in the Playing field with the installation of a completely new base course.

Neither the overseeding process (A) nor the laying of preferred turf (B) alone can make a decisive contribution to improving soil aeration and water flow, because both methods only require very shallow tillage.

5. Neither of the two methods is suitable, depending on the use of the field (Goal area - middle field) specially suitable grasses targeted in the Harbe so establish that these grasses by appropriate preparation of the site targeted development lead over the competing grasses of the remaining grass stock.

6. Neither of the two methods provides the option of specifically targeting grasses in an existing " Establish scar without interrupting the game.

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The invention is based on the object, while avoiding the disadvantages described, such damaged Turf scars from lawn sports fields close in no time at all due to a full scar closure, so that only relatively short interruptions in the game are necessary.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that, in the area of the damaged sward, powerful, Well-tolerated, tillering-intensive and accordingly regenerative cultivated turf grasses in the existing one Residual scar can be introduced into pre-drilled plant holes at the specified distance.

;, dalT <cÜes

It has been shown that this method can be used within 4 to 6 weeks, the remaining scar is brought back to full scar closure can be, while maintaining resilience the scar experiences a substantial improvement against mechanical stress. Through the selective Planned sowing or planting of special types of lawn grass and lawn grass varieties, a higher load capacity is created compared to the original load capacity, and this significantly improves the functionality of the playing field and the possible frequency of play.

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Description of the procedure :

<Depending on the condition of the field, this will be "Regeneration system as a whole", or also used in "system parts".

This is closely related to the extreme stress on special areas of play (goal area, Penalty area, midfield), the existing floor structure, the age of the rabbit scar and the general Maintenance condition.

The description is based on a playing field in which all negative features such as

a) gappy, poorly efficient turf over the entire field -

b) heavy weeds -

c) strongly consolidated, hardly ventilated Soil - resulting in insufficient water flow in the sod or base course - ...

d) fully deployed goal and penalty areas -

The description shows how such a playing field through the "regeneration system" in a period of time from 4-6 weeks into a fully functional is converted into a playable and resilient sports field.

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Measure 1

The playing field is worked intensively with a special scarifying device at a depth of 2 - 3 cm.

Motor-driven, vertically rotating, cutting knives and tearing spring tines, work through the turf intensively, cut the existing turf, throw Rotten grass parts and only shallowly rooted parts of the plant to the surface and lookers the bottom of the base course at the desired depth of 2-3 cm.

For this purpose, self-propelled or tractor-driven scarifying devices known on the market are used.

The intensity of this first step depends on the state of the scar and the nature of the soil.

The processing is carried out so intensively that it is practically the prerequisite for recording and sufficient embedding of the seeds is given,

The parts of the grain carved out during scarifying are removed.

I ¹ Suitable lawn sweepers can be used for this work step.

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Measure 2

In order to achieve better floor ventilation in the long term, the entire playing field is aerated. Either conventionally designed coring devices or those specially developed for the regeneration system are used Drilling - transplanting machine «

The (drilling and transplanting machine) is generally used when in addition to the soil aeration the second effect is the improvement of the water flow through drilling depths of up to 20 cm Need to become.

In the aeration duct, at a distance of 3o χ to 1oo sr 1oo mm holes with a diameter of 8 - 25 mm punched into the turf base layer at depths of 6o - 2oo mm, depending on the requirements or drilled.

Drilling distance, drilling depth and drilling diameter depends on

a) the soil conditions

. (Compaction, soil structures, water flow, etc.) -

b) the grass stock of the existing scar and the proportion of the color establishing new sowing.

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The after. Measure 1 + 2 prepared! Area shows compared to conventional methods for the following sowing has 3 essential characteristics:

a) The soil is loosened evenly at a depth of 1o - 3o mm and prepared ready for sowing -

b) the base course is with the remnants of the partly existing old turf interspersed -

τ;) the bottom is perforated at regular intervals.

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Measure 3

In the support layer prepared according to measure 1 + 2 a special turf mixture is sown using the broad sowing method.

Simultaneously with the sowing of the lawn mixture, a starter fertilizer is applied, which in the Nutrient components meet the special needs in the direction of a strong and deep-reaching V7ur ze! Wax turns is adapted.

In this special fertilizer, the N component is partly in a poorly soluble form, i.e. as a long-term formulation before. All nutrients are in so-called. Vermiculite stored so that even over-salting of the soil at high application rates is avoided.

The rapid youth development of reseeding and rapid regeneration of the remaining ones In particular, a high proportion of available PpO j- serves as a scar.

After the spreading process, both lawn mixes and special fertilizers are padded with the scarifier incorporated.

The loosened soil layer, fertilizer and seed are intensively mixed, although considerable Part of this mixture will fall into the aeration holes.

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In the aeration holes are opposite for the applied seeds for two reasons the environment created significantly improved development conditions.

a) the aeration holes fill z. part with a mixture of loose soil, fertilizer and seeds, whereby the young seedlings are already through the depth of the holes optimal conditions for a good root subsidence are given.

b) Further favorable gate exposures for the germinating seed and the young development of the grasses, are seen in the fact that these do not suffer any noteworthy mechanical injuries can grow in the contactor of the aeration holes.

This is due to the fact that considerable amounts of the seed introduced into the aeration holes Germinates 1o - 2o mm below the soil surface. Even at the advanced stage of development the tillering zone of the grass is still in the protection of the aeration holes and is in this way protected from significant damage from examples and drought, so that even at relatively high Remnants of the old stigma, at least the development of the sowing of new, high-performance grasses is guaranteed selectively and it is only possible in this way, with security an overall even proportion of certain Establish grasses in the stigma afterwards.

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Measure 4-

A layer of approx. 5 mm is applied to the base course completed according to measures 1-3 River sand with a grain size of ο - 3 mm evenly brought to distribution and rolled.

For this purpose, the type of roller known under the term Cambridge rollers is used, the exerts both vertical and horizontal pressure on the seedbed.

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Seeds

In the interest of establishing the new sowing as quickly as possible on the one hand, and in the interest of a significant improvement in the turf with regard to the amount of the shares from the most efficient Grasses, on the other hand, are of great importance to the seed mixture used in the regeneration system to.

The lawn mixture used in measure 5 consists with a dominant portion of the protected LoIium perenne variety "Loretta".

the regeneration process are the variety characteristics of this described below Critical Grass:

a) short. Germination time of only 6 - 10 days

b) rapid youth development

c) excellent scarring ability

d) good foot tolerance

e) good cut characteristics

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measure

The objective of the measures 1 -5 »a period of 4-6 weeks a new, Establishing a closed turf on the entire pitch can be "purely temporally" be called into question by the fact that the time available for the development of the new color is simply there too short is where there was practically no grass stand before regeneration.

In most cases, this applies to the heavily used goal and penalty areas, as well as the midfield spaces too.

While the remainder of the old paint is largely due to the rapidity of time In areas where there is no more grass growth is guaranteed is connected with the considerable technical part that it takes several months, among other things, to get into the heavily used Play areas have strengthened the turf to such an extent that subsequent use is possible is possible.

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2Λ *

Therefore, in measure 5 in. The existing turf according to the desired proportion of special grass species in association from 5o x 5o to 15o x 15o mm ^ preferred grass plants like that

used that these plants immediately get close to the base layer, im Are firmly anchored to the ground and are self-supporting in the event of mechanical stress (playing) Being able to develop space further. The special cultivation and planting process ensures sufficient marrow reduction given from the outset, or the prerequisites for a deeper rooting is necessary.

This objective applies both to the cultivation of the grass plants and to the planting out even special requirements, which are described in detail below.

The grass plants used are primarily those species that have a high mechanical load capacity given is.

So here in the process a special Poa species (Poa supina) is provided, whose reproduction z. Currently is rationally only possible in a vegetative way.

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The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method. According to a first embodiment of the invention is for the regeneration of small areas for Manual operation provided a slidable auger in a guide tube, which during the drilling process by means of a the base plate connected to the guide tube is supported, an extension tube being provided for more convenient handling can be, in the upper end of which a drill can be inserted and which leads a drilling spindle extension. To facilitate the work of retrieval, return springs can be provided for the auger. In that pre-drilled The plant tube can be inserted directly into the hole using a piston-like tool. The holes can be at such a manual operation expediently using hole templates at a predetermined mutual distance to be ordered.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, a mobile device is provided for processing larger areas, which is characterized in that on a chassis with interval drive in a single or multiple row working arrangement Drilling or punching tools use a mechanical pressure device to drill holes in the grass base or punch, to which an automatic transport device brings Fflanzröhren with pre-grown single plants and the individual plants are pushed through the plant tubes into the planting holes by means of a pressure ram will.

Although the method according to the invention and those provided for it Devices, in particular for public sports grounds are suitable, the invention can also be used advantageously in home gardens, where likewise

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260807A

there is often a need to replace worn turf in certain places. For the purpose of The production of holes can then be made using simpler tools, for example in the form of hollow cylindrical digging sides, Find application, in which the then delivered in tubes Plants can be inserted by means of a suitable stack or the like.

Exemplary embodiments for carrying out the method according to the invention are described below with reference to the drawing. In the drawing show:

Pig. 1 is a sectional view of a plant tube with soil substrate;

Pig. 2 a plant tube with grown single plants;

Pig. 3 is a perspective schematic view of a plant box designed according to the invention;

Pig. 4 is a schematic view of a semi-manual Operation suitable drilling device;

Fig. 5 is a view of the in the device according to Pig. used special auger;

6 shows a section along the line 6-6 according to FIG. 4;

Pig 7 is a side view of an inventively designed, fully automatic planter;

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Pig. 8 is a front view of the machine shown in FIG.

In special plant tubes 10, for example made of plastic material, a soil substrate 12 is placed, which for the development of the grass plants creates the optimal conditions and ensures that the plant is in this Tubes fully developed within 4 to 6 weeks and the root system, the plant tube and the inside Soil substrate grows through.

Those filled with soil substrate and seeds or clones (= parts of plants from which new plants develop) Plant tubes 10 are introduced through special cultivation boxes 14, the bottom 16 of which is provided with perforation holes is, so that between the soil substrate 12 located in the plant tube and the plant box 14 supporting Surface through the perforation a moisture bridge is created.

Through additional nutrient enrichment of the standing area on which the cultivation box 14 stands, the plant tubes 10 additional nutrients are supplied from below, which ensures faster, full rooting in the shortest possible time.

The planting holes are filled with generative propagation via seeds and with vegetative propagation via clones (= vegetative plant parts) in magazines, with part of the plant substrate adding seeds or clones will.

For transplanting the grown single plants (Fig. 2)

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must exactly match the dimensions in diameter and depth holes adapted to the plant tube are drilled. this can by means of the semi-automatically operating device shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 or by means of the fully automatic device working device according to Figure 7 and 8 take place. To avoid jams in the machine when transplanting the edges of the plant tube overhanging plant and To prevent root parts, these are expediently before the planting process at the top and bottom of the Plant tube cut off exactly, so that only a smooth cylinder is moved in the supply organs.

The planting holes are drilled to a depth of 100 to 200mm at regular intervals and the correspondingly dimensioned, Plant parts located in the tubes 10 are then inserted into the holes. The planting depth will be like this chosen that the tillering zone of the preferred individual plants is 10 to 30 mm below the soil surface lies. As a result, the individual plant is largely protected from mechanical damage in the initial development.

The drill shown in Figure 4 has a conventional mains-operated drill 18 as a drive, which over a pipe extension 20 an elongated drill spindle 22 and a bearing 24 attached to the lower end of the pipe carries, which supports the elongated drilling spindle 22. The drill spindle 22 carries a drill chuck 26 in which a special auger 28 (Figure 5) is clamped. The drill is on a base plate with pipe attachment 30 via spring clips 32, the are arranged in a star shape (Fig. 6), supported on the ground.

As a result of the pressure exerted on the drill 18, the drill 28 pushes itself through the tubular extension 30 of the base plate through into the ground and is in its depth through one

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limited by a clamping screw height-adjustable pin 34, which hits the base plate. In this way it is achieved that the borehole 36 when retrieving the Drill 28 initially from the base plate and the Rohraufsatζ 30 remains enclosed until the drill head is completely outside the soil, so that even in loose soil conditions an exact borehole edge remains, which is used for the insertion of the individual plants that have been drawn into the plant tubes 10 Requirement is.

FIG. 7 shows a fully automatic planting machine, consisting of a chassis 38 which rests on wheels 40 and is advanced intermittently by a drive, the extent of the advance being adjustable. This machine has a piston drive 42 which is mounted around a pivot pin 44 can be swiveled out into the position shown in dashed lines in FIG. The piston rod 46 of this drive that is pneumatically or hydraulically displaceable, is also subjected to a rotary movement. She wears at the bottom At the end of a cylindrical cutting tool 48 which, when the punch is lowered, makes the holes 36 in the ground. In the direction of travel behind the drilling tool there is an ejection device with a piston cylinder drive 50, which can be actuated pneumatically or hydraulically. The piston rod carries a plunger 52, which is used in eject the plant located in the plant tube from this tube and introduce it into the bore 36. These with plants Filled plant tubes 10 are from a magazine 54 over a chute 56 fed to a star switch 58, which in the direction of the arrow 60 is rotated interraettierend and the Plant tubes fed via the chute 56 one after the other the guide of the ram 52 feeds from this tube pushes the plant down and out. The sleeves 10 emptied in this way are transferred from the distributor star 58

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a discharge channel βθ after a receptacle 62 promoted.

The machine is advanced by the amount a (FIG. 7), one after the other in each operation Hole made by the tool 48 and pressed a plant by the punch 52 into the previously made hole will.

As can be seen from FIG. 8, several such drilling and ejection units and feed chutes are located next to one another arranged so that several rows of holes can be made and provided with plants at the same time. After this The illustrated embodiment, five such units are arranged side by side. This way you can yourself Larger areas can be processed within a very short tent, this processing being carried out fully automatically and one operator only has to reverse the direction at the edges of the area to be planted.

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Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIMS Procedures for restoration and improvement damaged lawn scars, especially lawn sports fields, characterized in that in the area of the damaged lawn scars high-performance, step-tolerant, energy-intensive and correspondingly regenerative Cultivated grasses are introduced into pre-drilled planting holes at a specified distance will. Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the existing turf is first scarified and then perforated using the drilling and punching process at fixed hole spacings, hole diameters and hole depths, and that the cultivated grasses are then introduced into these perforation holes. Method according to claim 2,
characterized in that the Lolium perenne "Loretta" lawn cultivar in combination with a phosphate-accentuated special thing in broad seed is applied to the scarified, perforated base layer interspersed with scar remains. - 23 - 709836/0070 ORIGINAL INSPECTED- 4.) Method according to claim 3 * characterized, that the seed and the special fertilizer applied in broad seeding are incorporated by shallow scarifying and the punched or drilled holes partly with a mixture of seeds . Manure and soil are filled. 5.) Method according to claim "1 to 4, characterized, that depending on the soil and weather conditions the sown lawn with a 5 mm thick layer of washed river sand of the grain size 0-3 mm is coated. 6.) Method according to claim 1 to 5 *, characterized in that that the sown and sanded top soil layer through a subsequent rolling process is compressed. 7.) - Method according to claim 1 characterized, that grass plants of special breeds in plant tubes are preferred that in the In particularly badly damaged areas of the lawn, planting holes are drilled Diameter and depth are those indicated in the "plant tubes" The root stocks of the grass plants correspond and that finally the grass plants with their nutrient medium located in the plant tube from the plant tubes into the pre-drilled ones Holes are inserted. 709836/0070 - 24 - 8.) The method according to claim 7 »characterized in that that the grass plants grown in the plant tubes through the lower tube opening are supplied with nutrient solutions in a targeted manner, resulting in extreme root subsidence results. 9.) The method according to claim 7, characterized in that that the plant tube is placed on a pre-drilled hole and the grass plant with it their nutrient medium is introduced into the hole by means of a piston-like tool. 1ο.) Device for producing insert holes for the grass plants in damaged sward for carrying out the method according to claim 7,
characterized,
that an auger slidable in a guide tube (20) (28) is provided and the borehole is supported during the drilling process by means of a base plate connected to the guide tube. 11.) Device according to claim 1o, characterized in that ". that an extension tube (20) is provided * In its upper end a drill (18). e ^ liiie ^ ebar. is, and the one Bohrspindelverlängerung (22). leads· 709836/0070 - 3g- - 12. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that that the bottom plate carries a Pührungsrohransatz (30) for the drill. IJ. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that that the guide tube (20) is supported on the base plate via springs (32). 14. Device according to claim 13 * characterized in that the springs are designed as leaf springs, which are arranged in a star shape between the extension tube (20) and the base plate. 15. Device for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant tubes (10) in a breeding box (14) be raised, which has a perforated base (16), over which the plant tubes from the underside be supplied with nutrients. 16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the above from the plant tubes (lo) protruding grass parts and the root parts protruding below are separated before the planting process. 17. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the planting depth is chosen so that the tillering zone of the preferred individual plants come to lie 10 to 30 mm below the soil surface. 7 09836/0070 - 3fr - 18. Fully automatic device for performing the method according to the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that on a chassis (38) with interval drive drilling or punching tools (48) are provided in a single or multiple row working arrangement, which through mechanical pressure devices act on drilling or punching holes in the turf base layer which via a fully automatic transport device (54; 56; 58) plant tubes with advanced Individual plants are brought in and the individual plants are fed through the plant tube by means of a pressure ram (52) Chen (10) are pushed through into the planting holes (36). 19. Apparatus according to claim 18,
characterized in that the drilling and punching devices have a pneumatic or hydraulic piston drive (42) whose piston rods (46) carrying the tool (48) can be set in rotating movements. 20. Device according to claim 19 *
characterized in that the piston drive (42) can be pivoted forward about a horizontal axis (44). 21. Device according to claims 18 to 20, characterized in that that in the direction of travel behind the drilling and punching device (48) an ejection device (50) is arranged is, and that the distance between the two corresponds to an advance interval of the vehicle. 709836/0070 - 27 - 22. Device according to claims 18 and 21, characterized in that that the ejection device (52) is associated with a feed star (58), which is one step at a time Place the plant tube under the stamp (52). 23. Apparatus according to claim 22,
characterized in that the feed star (58) is assigned a distribution chute (56) from which plant tubes (10) are conveyed by a magazine (54). 24. Device according to claims 22 and 23, characterized in that that the Ford star (58) the punch (52) ejected empty plant tubes (10) via a channel (60) to a storage chamber (62). 25. Apparatus according to claim 18,
characterized in that several punching and feeding devices are arranged side by side in the vehicle, all of which are fed from the upper magazine (54). 7 09836/0070