DE2546097A1 - Removing plastic materials from domestic refuse - by disintegrating, heating to form plastics granulate and removing granulate in cyclone classifiers - Google Patents

Abstract

The disintegrated refuse is washed and then subjected to centrifugal classifying in a cyclone, whereby the light wt. foreign bodies and fine plastics granulate are sepd. as a first fraction and the coarser plastics granulate freed to a large extent from foreign bodies is sepd. as a second fraction. Appts. includes a classifying chamber supplied with the refuse through an opening and subjected to action of air flow to deposit coarse fractions of solids in containers associated with collecting hoppers. Plastics fraction can be removed inexpensively without the necessity of long heating period.

Description

Process for processing the plastic components

of possibly pre-sorted waste materials (addendum to patent application P 24 41 811.9) The additional invention relates to a method according to the main application P 24 41 811.9.

It is well known that the individual Waste components according to their weight and their physical properties corresponding dicing devices, such as magnetic separators, air separators, Classified cyclones and the like. In all of these processing methods, a so-called light fraction, which essentially consists of a mixture of paper and plastic films and light textiles.

It is known to separate these components of the light fraction (Study report of the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Research Paper FPL 200, 1973) to pour the light fraction into a rotating drum, in which coaxially a heated roller is rotated in opposite directions. Because of their adhesiveness divorce the plastic film is removed from the heated roller and can be stripped from there and removed from the drum. The known method, however, has one less than satisfactory degree of effectiveness, which can only be achieved through a disproportionately long duration of treatment can be improved.

The object of the invention is the method according to the main application to the effect that a preparation of the plastic components on even simpler and cheaper way is made possible.

The object is achieved according to the invention by the features in the characterizing part of the claim 1 given characteristics solved.

Advantageous refinements and developments of the two solutions are marked in responses 2 to 4.

In the process according to the invention, the initially used light fraction designated mixture of waste materials in a manner known per se (DT-AS 1 679 834) preferably.

crushed, warmed and cooled in a single container. at the warming agglomerate and condense. Plastic components of the . Light fraction while the remaining components partially are melted into the plastic agglomerates and partially crushed in their Remaining state without connection with the plastic aglomerates. Which of these Possibilities outweighs depends on the ratio between plastic components and remaining components of the treated waste. In the subsequent The plastic agglomerates granulate after cooling. In the case of only a small amount of storage the remaining components in the plastic granulate formed is this after a preferred embodiment subjected to gravity wind weighting, where the plastic granulate that has become significantly heavier as a result of the previous compression separated from the residual constituents which maintain the original light weight can be.

Contains the plastic granulate cleaned with the help of the air sifting Some of the paper and textile parts are still stored, but it has been shown that this is deposits during the processing of the plastic granulate can be tolerated. The plastic granulate becomes too mechanical in particular less highly stressed plastic products, such as pipes or insulation boards, in a known manner by extrusion. Sprint casting, rotation casting or blow molding processes further processed. For mechanically higher contaminated plastic products can the plastic granulate obtained with the aid of the method according to the invention as an admixture to fresh plastic granulate, for example in a ratio of 1:10 be used.

The invention will be based on its further details and advantages the drawings explained in more detail. They show: FIG. 1 a section through a horizontal wind straightener with a downstream cyclone to separate the various components of household waste according to their weight and soft resistance area; 2 shows a section through a device to carry out the method according to the invention, which either in the cyclone The light fraction separated according to FIG. 1 is supplied, and further FIG. 3 is a Section through a / wind sifter, which is similar to Lich / the wind sifter according to FIG. 1, formed is and with which the starting products of the device according to FIG. 2 again after their Weight to be sorted The sorting device shown in FIG for household waste comprises an elongated, cylindrical or cuboid housing 19, the open end faces of which are closed off by flanged covers 30, 31 are. The housing 19 has on its top in the vicinity of the cover 31 a Filling opening 25, which is connected to the lower opening of a hopper above it 3 is aligned. The feed hopper 3 is inclined, adjustable in its inclination Slide 20 with pre-cleaned of fines and ferromagnetic components Garbage loaded in the direction of arrow 18.

This pre-cleaned garbage contains not only plastics but also specifically light ones Foreign matter such as textile and wood particles, kitchen waste, etc. on the underside of the housing 19 is located over almost the entire length of the housing Opening 32, at the edge of which a separating device 33 is flanged. The separator 33 includes three output funnels arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the housing 34, 35, 36, the openings 26, 27 and 28 of which are each connected to an air lock 37 are, which in turn with their outlet opening 41 in an associated collecting container 9, 10 or 11 opens. As an air lock 37 can be an example shown in the case indicated rotary valve are provided.

The covering hood 30 extends like a chimney from the right, open one Front side of the housing 19 upwards and is only partially at its upper end pipe 38 shown flanged. The pipe 38 leads to a cyclone 22, which acts on the chimney-like hood 30 with negative pressure. The cyclone 22 is also connected to the suction side of a blower via its exhaust air line 24, which is fastened centrally in the end wall of the cover hood 31. The fan 1 sucks Via the exhaust line 24 of the cyclone 22 air and promotes one through a upstream Kospressor optionally compressed air flow 2 into the interior 4 of the housing 1. To homogenize the air flow 2 is on the left, open A perforated distributor plate 39 is arranged on the end face of the housing 19.

The connection of the covers 30, 31 with the Zaklon 22 and the Attachment of the air locks 37 to the openings .26 to 28 enable a closed Air circulation of the air conveyed through the interior 4.

The garbage components falling into the interior space 4 via the task step 3 are detected there by the air flow 2 of the fan 1 and depending on their weight carried more or less far through the interior 4. And that is from the Trajectory described by garbage components the shorter, the heavier their weight is at the end of their trajectory, the differently distracted garbage components appear through the closest opening 26, 27 or 28 of the separating device 33 from the Housing 19 and get through the associated air lock 37 in the relevant Collecting container 9, 10 or tl. Instead of the collecting container 9 to 11 can also endless conveyor belts are provided.

To achieve a good selectivity of the individual waste components or waste fractions are short between the individual output hoppers 34 to 36 vertical partitions 13 are provided, which are horizontal in the direction of the arrows are adjustable. In order to avoid a vortex formation in the air flow 2 au, extend the partitions 13 extend only to the inner edge of the opening 32, i.e. they do not protrude into the interior 4 of the housing 19 and therefore only cut the air flow 2 on the edge.

At the free end of each partition 13 is one in both directions of rotation drivable, rotating roller 14 provided, which the deposition of waste components prevented at the upper edge of the partition 13 concerned.

The garbage fractions sorted by the apparatus of Fig. 1 are indicated in the drawing by the strongly marked arrows 5, 6, 7 and 8, where arrow 5 the heavy fraction, arrow 6 the half heavy fraction, the arrow 7 the middle fraction and the arrow 8 indicate the light fraction. While the factions 5 to 7 in the manner shown on the bottom of the housing 19 over the dispensing funnel 34 to 36 emerge, which is essentially made of plastic films, paper and lightweight Light fraction 8 consisting of textiles is discharged from the housing 19 by the air stream 2 and reaches the cyclone via the chimney-like cover 30 and the pipeline 38 22. From there the light fraction falls over the lower one, with an air lock 37 closed opening 29 of the cyclone 22 in a collecting container 12 or on a endless conveyor belt. The light fraction collected in the container 12 represents a possible starting product for the process according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows an apparatus for carrying out the invention Process to which the light fraction collected in the container 12 (FIG. 1) is fed will. The device of Fig. 2 comprises a cylindrical container 130 'on a base frame 100 rests in which a drive motor 200 axially in the direction a-b adjustable is arranged. Its hub 300 extends through a seal 140 and the container bottom 120 into the interior of the container.

Have grinders attached to the hub 300 of the motor shaft the shape of beater arms 400, on which beater bars 500 by means of clamping plates 600 are attached.

About the same height as the crushing organs are on the circumference of the cylindrical part of the container 130 fixed crushing organs 80 in Provided in the form of plates or pins. They are advantageous in a radial direction c-d adjustable and can be in the desired position by a terminal strip 70 lock.

In the container lid 101 there is an optionally closable filling opening 110 provided, the diameter of which must not exceed a certain amount in order to those thrown up by the impact effect during the crushing and AGGLOMERATION To prevent waste from escaping.

An outlet 90 is on the cylindrical portion of the container 130 immediately provided above the container bottom 120.

It can be closed by a flap 180. For adding liquid Several injection nozzles 150 are mounted in the container lid 101 for cooling. Appropriate Nozzles 150 for blowing in a cooling gas are provided in the container bottom 120.

An outlet 160 is provided for drawing off the vapors during the cooling process provided, to which a fan (not shown) can be connected. To the A thermometer 170, which is attached in this way, serves to observe the agglomeration process is that it dips into the good filling.

The waste materials brought into the container 130 in batches (light fraction) are first of all due to the interaction of the rotating shredding organs 400, 500 and the fixed comminuting organs 80 are cut into small chips. The frictional heat generated when the abandoned waste is shredded leads to their heating, whereby only the plastic components of the waste materials compress and agglomerate.

The non-plastic components of the abandoned waste will be during the agglomeration of the plastic components partially into the plastic agglomerates melted down and left partially untouched. Ii connection to the agglomeration a cooling gas is fed into the container bottom 120 via the injection nozzles 150 and cooled the cut filling within the container 130. The cooling can auoh be carried out in a manner other than that described above; for example is sufficient the sole supply of cooling liquid, which instead of via injection nozzles 150 also A cooling liquid and About the injectors 150 in wall or in the container lid 101 or manually by briefly opening the container lid 101 of the material filling can be added.

It is advantageous if the energy supply in the agglomerated material means of the comminuting organs 400, 500 and 80 during cooling by a corresponding one Reducing the speed of the drive motor 200 is reduced. The one in cooling Any vapors (vapors) produced are drawn off via outlet 160, as already mentioned. The cooling is continued until the agglomerated plastic components the waste materials are granulated. By renewed supply of energy through the shredding organs 400, 500 and 80 is made from a mixture of plastic granules and crushed Remaining components (paper and textiles or only textiles) existing good filling dried in the container 130 and then through. Open the flap 180 since container 1.30 has been removed.

Depending on how the ratio between the to the plastic granulate bound and non-bound residual constituents, this is done with the aid of the device The product obtained according to FIG. 3 is subjected to a further gravity air classification or directly in plastics processing fed. For the Gravity air separation can, the device illustrated by way of example in FIG. 3 be provided, which is constructed similarly to the device of FIG and, in contrast, has only a single discharge funnel 34. That with the Plastic granulate mixed with residual constituents is moved in the direction of arrow 18 Abandoned on the slide 20.

Because as a result of the previous agglomeration, the plastic granulate has become much heavier than the only crushed, but otherwise untreated Residual constituents, the heavier plastic granulate becomes in the direction of the arrows 50 deposited via the funnel 34 and the air lock 37 and in the container 91 collected.

The lighter residual components, however, are in the direction of the arrows 81 sucked in by the cyclone 22 and pass through its discharge opening 29 and the air lock 37 into the collecting container 121.

In the case of heavily contaminated waste materials, this can. either before they are placed in the container 130 or after they have been comminuted by the organ 500, 600 and 80 are subjected to washing. This washing can be beneficial in there container 130 take place if in its bottom 120 or in its side wall near of the bottom 120 is also blocked off by a sieve Drain for the washing liquid is created. During this washing process, over the nozzles 150 mounted in the container lid 101 are supplied with washing liquid until until the washing liquid exiting the drain is clear. At the same time with The addition of washing liquid can crush the abandoned waste take place.

L e r s e i t e

Claims (4)

Claims 1. A method for processing the plastic components of possibly pre-sorted waste materials which, in addition to plastics, are specific light foreign matter such as textile and wood particles, kitchen waste and the like contain the following process steps: a) shredding the waste materials; b> Heating of the after process step (a) pretreated waste materials, such that the plastic components of the waste materials agglomerated and compacted, and c) cooling the after the process step (b) pretreated waste materials, such that the agglomerated and compacted Plastic components are granulated. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the after as process step (c) pretreated waste materials of a gravity wind blow to separate those not stored in the granulated plastic components Foreign substances are subordinated. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the gravity wind sifting is adjusted so that the present in the form of suspended particles comminuted Foreign matter as well as the smallest plastic granulate as the first fraction and that from one Most of the foreign matter was freed from coarser plastic granulate as the second fraction is deposited. 4. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that before, during or after process step (a) the waste materials getting washed.