DE2460592A1 - MEANS OF REGULATING THE GROWTH OF PLANTS AND ITS USES - Google Patents

Description

DR. ING. A. VAN DERWERTH DX. FRANZ LEATHER

21 HAMBURG 90 8 MÖNCHEN

WILSTORFER STR 32 TEL. (040) 77 08 61 LUCILE-GRAH1M-STR. 22 TEL. (0891472947

Munich, December 20, 1974 4571

The Malaysian Rubber Producers' Research Association, 19, Buckingham Street, London, W.C. 2, England

Means for regulating wax turns in plants and its

use

The invention relates to an agent for treating living plants and a method for regulating the growth of plants.

It has long been known that traces of ethylene can be found in Plant tissue occurs and that it 'plays an essential role in the physiology and biochemistry of plants plays, although the exact nature of this role is not yet available

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is enlightened. The supply of additional ethylene to plants or parts of plants is known to affect the Physiology of growth and development, flowering, fertility or germination and especially in numerous Cases the speed of the tire.

Since ethylene gas itself is a difficult substance to be supplied, treatment by use can be performed of ethylene-inducing chemicals such as the substituted phenoxyacetic acid, which the plant tissues stimulate the local formation of additional ethylene, or use chemicals that generate ethylene such as 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid and certain silane compounds which, when applied to the plant, result in local formation decompose of ethylene, or by using agents that contain releasable, stored ethylene, or by Use of agents which contain or form compounds that mimic the activity of ethylene is achieved will.

In applicant's UK patent application 1,315,131 agents for the treatment of plants are described. These contain a volatile or gaseous growth regulator for plants like ethylene and a solid, non-volatile, adsorbent material that is in a viscous, liquid Medium is dispersed, at least part of the growth regulator on the. Surface of the adsorbent material is releasably adsorbed.

Because the surface tissue of the trees or plants is a barrier for effective penetration is the use of such an agent or of ethylene-inducing or ethylene-generating Chemicals often associated with scraping the bark or drilling an I / O in the trunk to get the To ensure assimilation of the growth regulator. If e.g.

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growth regulating agents or chemicals for enhancement the yield of rubber from Hevea brasiliensis are used, this usually requires the application of the agent or the chemical on the exposed incision or on the scraped bark beneath the bleed incision, or inserting the agent or chemical into a hole, that was drilled into the trunk. Each of these three alternative ways of working has its drawbacks. Although the mission of the Effective means or the chemical on the tapping incision it has to be repeated quite often and is therefore costly; The operations of scraping the bark and the Drilling holes in the trunk not only damages the trees, they are also time consuming and costly, when a large number of trees are to be treated. The same difficulties exist with other plants.

The object of the invention is to create means by which growth regulators for plants in an effective manner without physical damage to the tree or plant can be fed.

According to the invention, this is achieved through the use of assimilating agents which allow the penetration of the bark of the tree or support the cuticle of the plant.

The invention therefore relates to an agent for treating living plants, which is a growth regulator for plants together with an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid or anhydride and / or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and / or glycerine as a means to support assimilation of the plant growth regulator by the plant.

As previously described, is the type of growth regulator not critical for plants. Well-known examples are ethylene, 2: 4- - D, 2: 4: 5 - T, 2-rChloräthyl-

2: 4-D - 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2: 4: 5-T = 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid

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phosphoric acid and 2-substituted ethylsilanes.

The function of the aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid or of the aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid anhydride and / or of DMSO and / or glycerin resides in that they act as assimilating agents, i.e. that they have the Support assimilation of the growth regulator for plants by this plant. It is believed that this is due to Penetration occurs through the protective tissue, e.g. the cork bark or the waxy cuticle of the plant. A chemical and physical modification of the protective tissue probably plays a role here. The preferred one aliphatic carboxylic acid is acetic acid. Propionic acid - despite its unpleasant odor - and the higher ones Acetic acid homologues can also be effective in certain circumstances. Succinic acid, pyruvic acid, Malic acid, benzoic acid and coumaric acid are also useful. DMSO shows a positive effect as a penetrant for bark, but this is less pronounced than with acetic acid. Acetic anhydride can be advantageous instead of the free acid. These assimilants work not themselves as growth regulators for plants. acetic acid is a naturally occurring material like many other aliphatic carboxylic acids, so its use should not cause serious pollution or toxicity problems.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the agent for treating living plants comprises a volatile one or gaseous growth regulator for plants and a solid, non-volatile, adsorbent material, which in one liquid medium is dispersed. At least part of the plant growth regulator is releasable on the surface of the adsorbing material is adsorbed, whereby here also

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if an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid or such anhydride and / or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and / or glycerol is present to assimilate the growth regulator for plants to support through this plant.

Any volatile or gaseous plant growth regulators that interact with the substrate or the liquid Medium not responding can be used. Ethylene is the best known and most effective gaseous form Plant stimulant, however, it is not the only stimulant. Other volatile or gaseous growth regulators for plants are acetylene, propylene, carbon monoxide and the volatile halogen paraffins.

So that a substantial amount of the growth regulator for plants can be adsorbed, the adsorbent Material has a large inner surface of e.g. at least 100 m / g and a suitably larger pore diameter in relation to the molecular size of the adsorbate. Preferred Materials are aluminosilicates, which are called zeolites or molecular sieves are known, silica gel and activated carbon. Such materials are usually made in a fine way in divided form, although they can also be granulated or tabletted for easier handling. . A controlled, slow release of the plant growth regulator can be obtained from zeolites, which are therefore the preferred adsorbent materials.

The agent furthermore preferably contains a liquid ', or fluid, in particular a viscous-fluid medium, e.g. animal, vegetable or mineral fats or oils, Vaseline, paraffin or other waxes, polyethylene oxide or polyethylene glycol materials, gelatin or agar, or suitable mixtures of such materials, or a

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natural rubber coagulate, which after dispersing the growth regulator of the supporting material is created in fresh Hevea latex. If necessary, this.fluid or fluid medium contain a miscible, organic liquid that is a solvent for the stimulant and those in promoting the dissolution and diffusion of the growth regulator as it desorbs from the adsorbent material will, can be beneficial.

Since, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the rate of release of the plant growth regulator from the adsorbent material is increased by the presence of water, it is generally preferred to use a substantially anhydrous, fluid medium. A preferred fluid medium containing from 60 to 95 wt -.% Vaseline together with 5 to 30 wt -.% Of a mineral oil. However, a small proportion of water may be present in the medium or it may be added intentionally in order to induce a controlled release of the plant growth regulator.

The agent of this preferred embodiment of the invention can be suitably prepared by not doing that volatile, adsorbent material, on the surface of which the growth regulator for plants is releasably adsorbed is dispersed in the fluid medium. The assimilant can be added at any stage will.

The weight of the volatile or gaseous plant growth regulator in the adsorbent material is normally at least 0.1 wt%, and preferably at least 1.0 wt .- ^ of the adsorbent material. There is no upper one Limit for these areas. In general, the more volatile or gaseous growth regulator there is, the better given volume of adsorbent material adsor-

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can be beer. The adsorption of the growth regulator onto the adsorbent material can easily be 'carried out' by conventional methods. It has been found that Zeolite about 7 wt .- ^ ethylene and activated charcoal about 4 wt -.% At ambient temperature and adsorbing pressure.

The concentration of the plant growth regulator in the composition is not critical and it can be selected according to principles known per se so that a suitable amount of the composition is applied to each plant. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the agent can advantageously as little as 2.5 or 5 wt .- #, but usually not more than from 10 to 55 wt -.%, And preferably 20 or 30 to 50 wt -.% To contain combined, non-volatile, adsorbent material and growth regulator for plants. It appears that a greater amount of plant growth regulator is required in the presence of assimilating agents such as acetic acid than in the absence of them. This can be the result of a. Acetic acid has a tendency to reduce the efficiency of (basic) molecular sieves, or to drive off a small amount of ethylene. The upper limit of the aforementioned ranges is given by the amount of adsorbent material that can be mixed with the fluid medium to produce a dispensable product.

The assimilation is generally present in an amount of 0.5 to 15 wt .- ^, and preferably from 2 to 10 ^g ew .- #, based on the weight of the composition or of the fluid medium before. While the upper limits are not critical, the disadvantages of exceeding them appear to outweigh the advantages. ■ V

Other conventional ingredients can be added to the means will. Generally a surfactant

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Means for assisting the dispersion of the assimilant in the viscous, fluid medium and for improving it added to the adhesion of the agent on the tree. It has been found that surfactants by themselves are not effective Are assimilants, and that they are unable to adequately penetrate the growth regulator through the Promote bark.

The agents according to the invention are mainly for use on plants, in particular trees and bushes Influencing their development, in particular to accelerate the ripening of citrus fruits, pome fruits, pineapples, Tomatoes, grapes and other fruits or to stimulate the excretion of resins, latices and other vegetable fluids suitable. Such applications therefore also belong to the invention. The amount applied depends on the size of the plant and the type of growth regulator for the plant off. If ethylene is the growth regulator, is the amount of agent applied to each plant is generally sufficient to be from 0.005 g to 2.5 g, and preferably Contains 0.025 g to 1.0 g ethylene.

A main purpose of the agents according to the invention is the application at Hevea brasiliensis to stimulate the yield of rubber latex.

The invention therefore also relates to a method for treating Hevea brasiliensis to stimulate the yield of rubber latex therefrom, the method comprising applying an effective amount of the agent defined above embracing the tree. The amount applied depends on the size. of the tree and the type of plant growth regulator or Growth substance. If ethylene is the growth regulator, i.e. an agent stimulating the outflow of Iiatex, is the Amount of agent applied to each tree in general

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so that they are from 0.005 S to 2.5 g, and preferably 0.025 g to "contains 1.0 g of ethylene.

The agent is usually applied to the scraped or, preferably, unscraped bark of the tree or Smeared on the bush. When treating Hevea, it is also possible to apply the remedy to the tap to apply. The application site is not critical, but at Hevea the preferred position is generally 2.5 to 7/6 cm below the tapping incision.

The lubricated agent can optionally be covered with a protective layer that is suitably around the Lubrication point is attached to the tree trunk, and the may or may not be impermeable to the volatile plant growth substance. This is preferably done Foil made of aluminum, polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) is used as a protective layer, whereby in particular the latter film is used because it is practically impermeable to ethylene.

The bark penetrants are also along with other types of plant growth regulators, which can be applied directly to the bark of trees or bushes, and they can also be beneficial in promoting conducive to the assimilation of plant growth regulators normally applied by spraying be.

It is believed that acetic acid or other assimilation aids in contact with the trunk of trees react with the bark, this swell and their physical and / or change chemical nature so that the remainder of the agent or at least the plant growth regulator can penetrate into the interior of the trunk. That

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Plant growth regulator is slowly absorbed by the adsorbent Material desorbs, enters into solution in the fluid medium and migrates from there into the tissue of the tree. It is believed, that the viscous fluid in addition to its formation of a suitable Medium for applying the plant growth regulator to the tree and additionally for protecting the adsorbent before a rapid loss of the adsorbate (stimulant) to the atmosphere, also the desorption of the plant growth regulator or dampens growth substance from the adsorbent material, so that a controlled, slow release of the Plant growth regulator or growth substance given to the tree is. Many of the suitable, viscous, fluid media are themselves slowly absorbed into the tree tissues, whereby they likely to transport the plant growth regulator.

If the tree to be treated is rubber-bearing Hevea brasiliensis, the agent is preferably applied to the Bark that has not been scraped off near the tapping incision applied. A suitable application area is

approximately 6.5 to 77.5 ₅ cm of the bark on a fully grown tree. This area can be extended to either side with viscous agents. An advantage of these means is that, once the tree has been stimulated, either an increased yield of rubber can be obtained from the tree or the frequency of extraction can be reduced without loss of yield, or the length of the extraction incision can be reduced without loss of yield. Dispensing costs are a major factor in the price of natural rubber and the benefits of reducing the frequency of dispensing, for example from 2 to 4 days, can therefore be great. Alternatively, a reduction in the length of the tapping incision, for example from half a spiral to an eighth spiral, can lengthen the drawing life of the tree.

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The invention is further illustrated by the following examples explained.

example 1

The stimulant agents used were as follows Table I shown composed of:

TABEL ingredient A. 2 -I B. t 4th Weight (g) - by doing approach 250 30th 250 'C D. E. Powdered molecular
sieve,
Variety 4a 251 708 86 250 250 25Ο White petroleum jelly
¹ (BPC) 23 63 251 7Ο8 708 Liquid paraffin
(BPC) ■ - 39 106 148 Acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) 15th 43 - ' Interfacial
Means I.
(Span 85) 4th 4th Interfacial
Means II
(Tween 80) 2 Dimethyl sulfoxide

previously impregnated with ethylene

4 g of each batch was applied immediately to each of 20 adult trees of Hevea brasiliensis (PB 86 & lon) applied below the tapping incision · In some lallen the application was made on scraped bark and in some Felling on bark that has not been scraped off. In some cases, a polyvinylidene chloride tape was placed over the smear point of the agent upset. The application was made at the beginning of a test and was repeated once every two months. All

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Trees were tapped 100% on plate C according to a system S / 2.d / 2. The mean results in g per tree per tap for the control experiment and in ° ß> of the control experiment for the other approaches are summarized in Table II below.

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TABLE II

. approach

Cover scraped off with tape bark (S) or ■

non-scraped bark formulation with bark penetrant

First 2 Second 2 Third 2 means of total yield
Months months months 6 months at 18 months

Control - attempt A. there A. there' B. there B. there cn ° ' no α σ no co co σ there NJ _, ^ σ there 5 ^D no co D. no oo E no E. no there E. there

4-5.7 g

, 7 g 37.4 g

39.3 g

100

(kg / ha)
2338

S U S Ü S U S U S U S U S U

175

153 "

187 "

158 "

158 "

154- "

184- "

191 "158 ^fl 14-3" 171 "135"

192 "14-3"

128 (JS) ■ 163 (*) 157 C *) It dd 154 3606 I. 118 ti 152 It 142 Il dd 158 3694 130 ti 172 Il 165 dd 155 3616 I. 1-27 Il 166 It 151 It 146 3457 117 It 149. Il 143 Il 150 3500 137 It 145 It 146 It 164. 3842 127 dd 174 Il 164 It 183 4267 144 'ti 162 Il 168 t » 180 4203 130 dd 164 It 151 dd 160 3747 126 It 144 dd 138 ti '157 3660 137 It 174 It 162 dd 184 4311 121 It 139 Il 132 152 '3547 133 It 189 It 174 187 4368 116 It 155 It 139 147 3443

From this table II it can be seen that the effect when applying the approach O on unscraped bark is particularly noteworthy.

Example 2

The following were given in Table III Means used to stimulate the yield:

TABLE III

weight I. (s) 4th - in the approach 4th ingredient G II
2 E. P. _ . 250 - 250 250 43 Powdered molecular sieve
Variety 4a 251 708 708 White Vaseline (BPG) 39 14-8 106 Liquid paraffin (BPG) 15 ' • - - Acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) Surfactant
(Span 85) Surfactant
(Tween 80) Glycerin

⁺ Previously impregnated with ethylene.

The "trees" were 16 small wildlings of Hevea brasiliensis with an age of. about two years, a height of 1.5 to 2 m and a circumference of 4-5 cm at the tapping point, which had been grown in a tropical greenhouse in pots 22 cm in diameter containing a fertilized peat-sand mixture. All
Plants had a well-developed, corked, cork-brown fabric on the trunk at the tap and at least 15 cm above the tap, this outer fabric with the
The cork bark of the mature tree is identical, but slightly less
was developed.

Daily tapping was carried out for 9 days using a
a single puncture with a fine needle underneath the intended place for the application of the stimulant mixture. The plants were then divided into four
Divided into groups of four plants each, with the

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individual plants of each group have similar variations in yield exhibited. ,

The average yield over the 9 day period of pre-treatment draw before stimulation was:

First group - 4.4 mg of dry rubber per plant per day

Second group - 4.8 mg hard rubber per. Plant per day

Third group - 4.25 mg of dry rubber per plant per day

Fourth group - 4.1 mg of dry rubber per plant per day

The stimulant materials were then applied to each plant as follows: -

An amount of 0.05 g of batch E without assimilation aid was applied to each plant of the first group on an area of Λ cm of the slightly scraped off "bark" immediately above the tapping area, the paste being covered with a PVDC film.

Each plant in the second group was applied directly to the "bark" which had not been scraped off immediately above the tapping area an amount of 0.05 g of formulation E without assimilation aid applied, the paste in turn covered with the PVDC IOlie became.

On each plant of the third group was directly on the not scraped off "bark" immediately above the Abzapfbereiehes an amount of 0.05 g of the batch IP, the glycerine as an assimilation aid contained ^ applied, the paste was also covered with PVDC film.

On each plant of the fourth group was directly on the not scraped off bark an amount of 0.05 g of batch-C, the glacial acetic acid contained as an assimilation aid, the paste again being covered with PVDC film. ,

The average yield over 9 · days following the stimulation connected, scam:

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First group - 18.4 mg of dry rubber: per plant per day

Second group - 11.5mg "'" ""

Third group - 20.2 mg "." "" "

Fourth group - 15.4 mg "" "" "

The value of glycerine and acetic acid as assimilation aids on unscraped bark is thereby shown.

The health of all trees and plants which were subjected to the experiments of Examples 1 and 2 were not adversely affected.

Example 3

The following approach was made:

2-chloroethylphosphonic acid 7 w / w. - ° / o

Acetic acid 3 w / w "

Surfactant 1 w / w -%

Palm oil 89 w / w -%

Example 4 _x

The following approach was made:

2-chloroethyltrimethoxysilane. 12 w / w -% acetic acid 3 w / w. -%

Vaseline 85 w / w -%

It is advantageous to add about 1% w / w surfactant, which reduces the level of petroleum jelly to about $ 84 to improve the dispersion of acetic acid in the petroleum jelly.

Example 5

The agents of Examples 3 and 4 are also effective, if so Glycerin is used in place of acetic acid as a bark penetrant.

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-M-

Example 6

The agents of Examples 3 and 4 are also effective, if so DMSO is used in place of acetic acid as a bark penetrant.

- patent claims -

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Claims (5)

Claims 1. Means for treating living plants, thereby . characterized that it is a plant growth regulator together with an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid or an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid anhydride and / or dimethyl sulfoxide and / or glycerol as an assimilation aid of the plant growth regulator by the plant. 2. Means according to claim 1, characterized in that it is marked e t that the plant growth regulator ethylene or a compound which the plant for endogenous formation stimulated by ethylene, or a compound which decomposes to form ethylene, or a composition which is a compound that mimics, contains or forms the activity of ethylene. 3. Means according to claim 1, characterized in that that the plant growth regulator: is gaseous or volatile and releasable on the surface of a particulate, solid adsorbent is adsorbed. 4-. Means according to claim 3> characterized in that that the plant growth regulator is ethylene, acetylene, propylene, carbon monoxide or a volatile halogen paraffin is. 5. Means according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that net that the particulate adsorbent is a zeolite, silica gel or activated carbon. 6. Agent according to one of claims 3 to 5 »thereby g e k e η η · indicates that the particulate adsorbent has a specific surface area of at least 100 m / g. 509827/0 9 48 7. Means according to one of claims 3 "to 6, characterized g e identifier I mean the particulate adsorbent and the plant growth regulator together from 2.5 . make up to 55% by weight of the composition. 8. Means according to claim 7, characterized in that that the adsorbent and the eegulant make up 20 to 5 ° wt .- $ of the agent. 9. Agent according to .einem of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the agent is a fluid Includes medium. 10. Composition according to claim 9 »characterized in that the fluid medium is an animal, vegetable or mineral .. fat or oil, vaseline, paraffin or another wax, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, Gelatin, agar or mixtures thereof, or a natural chewing coagulum, which after the dispersion of the growth regulator load-bearing material in fresh. Hevea latex is created is. 11.Mittel according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the fluid medium contains 60 to 95 wt. % Vaseline and 5 to 30 wt. % Of a mineral oil. 12. Agent according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the assimilation agent Acetic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, pyruvic acid, malic acid, benzoic acid or coumaric acid or their Anhydrides or a mixture thereof. 1 · 3 · Agent according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the assimilation agent in an amount of 0.5 to 15 wt .- ^, based on the Weight of the agent, is present. 5 0 9827/0948 Means according to claim 13, characterized in that that the amount of the assimilating agent is 2 to wt .- ^. 15 · Means according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that there is also a smaller Contains portion of a surface active agent. 16. A method for regulating the growth of plants, characterized in that on the plants an effective amount of the agent according to any one of claims 1 to 15 is applied. 17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the plant is a tree or a shrub. 18. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the plant is a citrus fruit, pome fruit or pineapple ,. Is tomato, grape or other fruit-bearing plant. 19 · Method of stimulating the yield of rubber latex from a tree of the species Hevea brasiliensis, thereby marked that thereupon an effective Amount of the agent according to any one of claims 1 to 15 is applied. 20. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 19 »characterized in that the agent on the not scraped off the bark of the plant is applied. 21. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 19 »characterized- that the agent on the scraped bark of the plant is applied. 509827/0948 22. The method according to any one of claims 20 or 21, characterized marked that the agent with a Protective layer is covered. . · ,, ·; ■ r. 5 0 9827/0948