DE2311467A1 - Continuous carbon cylinder graphitizing furnace - with hollow vertical electrode and granular coke filling - Google Patents
Continuous carbon cylinder graphitizing furnace - with hollow vertical electrode and granular coke fillingInfo
- Publication number
- DE2311467A1 DE2311467A1 DE19732311467 DE2311467A DE2311467A1 DE 2311467 A1 DE2311467 A1 DE 2311467A1 DE 19732311467 DE19732311467 DE 19732311467 DE 2311467 A DE2311467 A DE 2311467A DE 2311467 A1 DE2311467 A1 DE 2311467A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- strand
- furnace
- graphitizing furnace
- graphitizing
- graphitized
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/60—Heating arrangements wherein the heating current flows through granular powdered or fluid material, e.g. for salt-bath furnace, electrolytic heating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Grafitierung von Kunstkohlekörpern Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Grafitierung von Kunstkohlekörpern. Process and device for the continuous graphitization of carbon bodies The invention relates to a method and a device for continuous graphitization of carbon bodies.
Der Grafitierungsprozeß besteht im wesentlichen darin, daß sogenannte Hartbrandkörper aus Kunstkohle auf Grafitierungstemperaturen von etwa 2.000 bis 2.600 Og erhitzt werden.The graphitization process consists essentially in the fact that so-called Hard-fired bodies made of synthetic charcoal at graphitization temperatures of about 2,000 to 2,600 og can be heated.
Die großtechnische Erzeugung von Grafitprodukten, insbesondere von Grafitelektroden für Elektroöfen erfolgt gegenwärtig überwiegend nach dem Acheson-Verfahren, bei dem durch elektrische Widerstandserwärmung einzelne Ofenchargen diskontinuierlich grafitiert werden. Außerdem gibt es das Graf itieren durch induktive Erwärmung, wobei sich der zu grafitierende Kohlekörper innerhalb einer Induktionsspule befindet. Neben der vorherrschenden diskontinuierlichen Grafitierung sind auch verschiedene Ausfuhrungsarten der kontinuierlichen Grafitierung bekannt geworden.The large-scale production of graphite products, especially of Graphite electrodes for electric furnaces are currently mainly made according to the Acheson process, in which individual furnace batches are discontinuous due to electrical resistance heating be graphitized. There is also graph iting by inductive heating, wherein the carbon body to be graphitized is located inside an induction coil. In addition to the predominant discontinuous graphitization, there are also various Types of execution of continuous graphitization have become known.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist zunächst ein Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Grafitierung, das sich durch eine Reihe technischer und wirtschaftlicher Vorteile auszeichnet.The present invention is initially a method for continuous graphiting, which is characterized by a number of technical and economic Advantages.
Es ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zu grafitierenden Formkörper aus Hartbrandkohle in Form eines Stranges vertikal durch einen Grafitierungsofen hindurchgeführt werden, wobei gleichzeitig eine Schüttung aus körnigem Kohlenstoffmaterial den Grafitierungsofen mit durchwandert und der elektrische Strom über eine Hohlelektrode aus Elektrografit zugeleitet und über den grafitierten Kunstkohlestrang wieder abgeleitet wird. Hierdurch werden folgende Vorteile erzielt: 1. Günstige Erfassung der Grafitierungsabgase.It is characterized in that the moldings to be graphitized made of hard charcoal in the form of a strand vertically through a graphitizing furnace are passed through, at the same time a bed of granular carbon material walks through the graphitizing furnace and the electric current passes through a hollow electrode fed in from electro graphite and discharged again via the graphitized synthetic carbon strand will. This has the following advantages: 1. Inexpensive coverage the graphitization exhaust.
2. Keine Staubprobleme.2. No dust problems.
3. Nahezu konstanter elektrischer Energieverbrauch und damit gunstige Stromtarife.3. Almost constant electrical energy consumption and therefore cheap Electricity tariffs.
4. Einsparung elektrischer Energie.4. Saving electrical energy.
5. Verwertung der Wärmemengen aus der Abkühlung.5. Utilization of the heat from the cooling.
6. Erzielung eines sehr homogenen Grafitierungsgrades der Grafitprodukte.6. Achieving a very homogeneous degree of graphite graphite products.
7. Anfall eines hochkalzinierten, teilweise grafitierten und damit hochwertigen Koksmaterials, z.B. Erzeugung eines teilgrafitierten Anthrazits für die Herstellung von Kathodenblöcken für Aluminium-Elektrolysezellen.7. Attack of a highly calcined, partially graphitized and thus high-quality coke material, e.g. production of a partially graphite anthracite for the manufacture of cathode blocks for aluminum electrolysis cells.
8. Weitgehende Mechanisierung und Automatisierung des Grafitierungsverfahrens.8. Extensive mechanization and automation of the graphiting process.
Ein zur Ausführung des Verfahrens gemäß der Erfindung geeigneter Ofen ist in der Zeichnung wiedergegeben. Es handelt sich um einen Grafitierungsofen, der beispielsweise zur Grafitierung von zylindrischen Kunstkohlekörpern dient.A furnace suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown in the drawing. It is a graphiting furnace, which is used, for example, to graphite cylindrical carbon bodies.
Die zu grafitierenden zylindrischen Kunstkohlekörper 1 werden in Form eines Stranges in vertikaler Richtung durch den Grafitierungsofen hindurchgeführt, wobei die einzelnen Zylinderkörper durch eine grafitische Kittmasse 2 miteinander verbunden sind. Der elektrische Strom zur Widerstandsbeheizung des Grafitierungsofens wird über die hohle Grafitelektrode 3 zugeführt und über den unteren Teil des Stranges, bestehend aus den grafitierten Zylinderkörpern 13, und über die Kontaktbacken 4 wieder abgeführt. Es kann sowohl Wechsel- als auch Gleichstrom verwendet werden.The cylindrical charcoal body 1 to be graphitized is shaped a strand passed in the vertical direction through the graphitizing furnace, the individual cylinder bodies with one another by means of a graphitic cement compound 2 are connected. The electrical current for resistance heating of the graphitizing furnace is fed through the hollow graphite electrode 3 and through the lower part of the strand, consisting of the graphitized cylinder bodies 13, and via the contact jaws 4 discharged again. Both alternating and direct current can be used.
Die Zylinderkörper aus Hartbrandkohle werden in demFuhrungsrohr 5 auf den sich nach unten bewegenden Strang aus Zylinderkörpern aufgesetzt. Nach Verlassen des Führungsrohres 5 durch läuft der Ilartbrandkörper die zweckmäßig dickwandige Hohlelektrode 3 aus Grafit. Zwischen der Innenwandung der Hohlelektrode 3 und dem hindurchwandernden Hartbrandkörper ist ein Abstand von ca.The hard coal cylinder bodies are placed in the guide tube 5 placed on the downward moving strand of cylindrical bodies. After leaving of the guide tube 5 runs through the Ilart fire body, the appropriately thick-walled Hollow electrode 3 made of graphite. Between the inner wall of the hollow electrode 3 and the Hard-burn bodies wandering through must be kept at a distance of approx.
50 - 200 mm vorgesehen. Innerhalb der stromführenden Hohlelektrode wird der Hartbrandkörper langsam vorgewärmt. Um die Hohlelektrode herum wird in den Grafitierungsofen ein Koksmaterial 6 mit einer Körnung im Bereich von ca. 5 - 20 mm aufgegeben. Das Koksmaterial kann aus ktlziniertem Anthrazit, kalziniertem Petrokoks oder gekörntem Elektrografit bestehen. Unterhalb der Hohlelektrode legt sich die Kokskornschüttung 6 mit dem sich einstellenden Böschungswinkel an die aus der Hohlelektrode austretenden Hartbrandkörper an. Das bedeutet, daß sich unmittelbar unter der dickwandigen Hohlelektrode ein trichterförmiger Hohlraum 7 befindet, in dem der Hartbrandkörper weiter indirekt aufgeheizt wird. 50 - 200 mm provided. Inside the current-carrying hollow electrode the hard-fired body is slowly preheated. Around the hollow electrode, in the graphitizing furnace a coke material 6 with a grain size in the range of approx. 5 - 20 mm abandoned. The coke material can consist of calcined anthracite, calcined Petrocoke or granular electrographite consist. Lays underneath the hollow electrode the coke grain bed 6 with the setting angle of repose to the from the hard-fired body emerging from the hollow electrode. That means that immediately a funnel-shaped cavity 7 is located under the thick-walled hollow electrode, in which the hard-fired body is further indirectly heated.
Der elektrische Strom tritt über den Außenmantel der Hohlelektrode in die Kokskornpackung ein, durchfließt diese und gelangt dann in den Strang aus den zylindrischen Kunstkohlekörpern. Die Kokskornschüttung hat einen vielfach höheren Widerstand als der zu grafitierende Kunstkohlestrang. Infolge dieses hohen Widerstandes wird die Xokskörnung hoch erhitzt und grafitiert. Der Kunstkohlestrang ist demnach mit gut leitendem gratitiertem Material umgeben, so daß der Strom über eine relativ breite Zone von dem Strang aufgekommen wird. Der in dem Strang gesammtelte Stromfluß bringt die Xindrischen Hartbrandkörper auf die erforderlichen maximalen tierungstemperaturen. The electric current passes through the outer jacket of the hollow electrode enters the coke grain pack, flows through it and then comes out of the strand the cylindrical carbon bodies. The coke grain bed is many times higher Resistance than the strand of charcoal to be graphitized. As a result of this high resistance the xok grain is heated up and graphitized. The charcoal strand is accordingly Surrounded with highly conductive gratitated material, so that the current over a relatively wide area of the strand. The flow of current collected in the string brings the Xindrian hard fire bodies to the required maximum animal temperatures.
DYey -Kcksf11ung bewegt sich etwa synchron mit der Absenkung dbs Kunstkohlestranges durch den Grafitierungsofen nach unten. Das klassierte Koksmaterial wird durch die Chargieröffnungen 8 aufgegeben und über den Austragteller 9 abgezogen. Durch die elastisch anliegenden Abstreifer 10 wird das Koksmaterial vom grafitierten Kunstkohlestrang getrennt. Das Koksmaterial hat nicht nur die Aufgabe, den Strom von der Hohlelektrode auf den Kunstkohlestrang zu übertragen. Die Koksfüllung stellt gleichzeitig die Wärmeisolation im Hochtemperaturbereich dar, so daß das Mauerwerk 11 des Grafitierungsofens gegen zu hohe Temperaturen geschützt ist. Das Eoksmaterial hat ferner die Aufgabe, die schonende Abkühlung des grafitiefsten Kunstkohlestranges zu gewährleisten. Der Grafitierungffen besitzt im unteren Teil den konisch nach unten verlaufenden wassergekühlten Mantel 12. Über diesen Ofenteil wird die Hauptwärmemenge in günstiger Weise abgeführt. DYey-ckf11ing moves roughly synchronously with the lowering of dbs Carbon strand down through the graphitizing furnace. The classified coke material is applied through the charging openings 8 and withdrawn via the discharge plate 9. The coke material is graphitized from the elastically applied stripper 10 Charcoal strand separated. The function of the coke material is not just to provide electricity to be transferred from the hollow electrode to the charcoal strand. The coke filling represents at the same time the heat insulation in the high temperature range, so that the masonry 11 of the graphitizing furnace is protected against excessively high temperatures. The ook material also has the task of gently cooling the graphite-deep carbon strand to ensure. The Grafitierungffen has the conical in the lower part The water-cooled jacket 12 running downwards discharged in a favorable manner.
Patentansprüche Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Grafitierung von Kunstkohleprodukten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zu grafitierenden Formkörper aus Hartbrandkohle in Form eines Stranges vertikal durch einen Grafitierungsofen hindurchgeführt werden, wobei gleichzeitig eine Schüttung aus körnigem Kohlenstoffmaterial den Grafitierungsofen mit durchwandert und der elektrische Strom über eine Hohlelektrode aus Elektrografit zugeleitet und über den grafitierten Kunstkohlestrang wieder abgeleitet wird.Patent claims process for the continuous graphitization of charcoal products, characterized in that the shaped bodies to be graphitized are made of hard burnt charcoal be passed vertically through a graphitizing furnace in the form of a strand, at the same time a bed of granular carbon material is the graphitization furnace with wandering through and the electric current through a hollow electrode made of electrographite is fed in and discharged again via the graphitized charcoal strand.
2) Ofen zur Ausfuhrung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine hohle Grafitelektrode (3), durch die die aus Hartbrandkohle bestehenden Formkörper (1) hindurchtfihrbar sind.2) furnace for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized through a hollow graphite electrode (3) through which the hard charcoal Moldings (1) can be guided through.
3) Ofen nach Anspruch 2, gekennzeichnet durch einen nach unten konisch verlaufenden gekühlten Mantel (12).3) furnace according to claim 2, characterized by a downwardly conical running cooled jacket (12).
4) Ofen nach Anspruch 2 und 3, gekennzeichnet durch einen an seinem Austrittsende vorgesehenen elastisch anliegenden Abstreifer (10) in der Nachbarschaft eines Austragtellers (9).4) furnace according to claim 2 and 3, characterized by one at his Exit end provided elastically abutting scraper (10) in the vicinity a discharge plate (9).
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19732311467 DE2311467C3 (en) | 1973-03-08 | Process and furnace for the continuous graphitization of carbon bodies |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19732311467 DE2311467C3 (en) | 1973-03-08 | Process and furnace for the continuous graphitization of carbon bodies |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2311467A1 true DE2311467A1 (en) | 1974-09-26 |
| DE2311467B2 DE2311467B2 (en) | 1975-08-14 |
| DE2311467C3 DE2311467C3 (en) | 1976-03-25 |
Family
ID=
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1984001368A1 (en) * | 1982-10-06 | 1984-04-12 | Savoie Electrodes Refract | Graphitazation method and furnace |
| FR2592875A1 (en) * | 1986-01-16 | 1987-07-17 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PERFORMING THE GRAPHITATION OF CARBON MOLDINGS |
| FR2621311A1 (en) * | 1987-10-06 | 1989-04-07 | Savoie Electrodes Refract | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY CONTINUOUS GRAPHITIZATION OF LONG-CARBON PRODUCTS AND CARBON GRAINS CONDUCTIVE TO BACK-CURRENT |
| US4942002A (en) * | 1988-07-18 | 1990-07-17 | Feist Horst Julius | Process for converting carbon blanks into graphite electrodes |
| WO1991018250A1 (en) * | 1990-05-22 | 1991-11-28 | Tesoriere Jean Marc | Graphitization process and furnace |
| US5694413A (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 1997-12-02 | Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich | Procedure and apparatus for continuous supply of heat in electrically conductive bulk goods |
| WO2003055823A1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-10 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Method for continuous graphitization |
| WO2003055824A1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-10 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Method for the production of cathode blocks |
| WO2009059345A1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-05-14 | Patco Engineering Gmbh | Electrically heated shaft furnace |
| CN102491312A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-06-13 | 四川广汉士达炭素股份有限公司 | Pull-jacking type lengthwise graphitization furnace |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1984001368A1 (en) * | 1982-10-06 | 1984-04-12 | Savoie Electrodes Refract | Graphitazation method and furnace |
| FR2534240A1 (en) * | 1982-10-06 | 1984-04-13 | Savoie Electrodes Refract | CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR GRAPHITIZING LONG CARBON PRODUCTS AND OVEN FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
| US4639929A (en) * | 1982-10-06 | 1987-01-27 | Societe Des Electrodes Et Refractaires "Savoie" (Sers) | Continuous method of graphitizing long carbon-containing products and a furnace for carrying out the method |
| AU568097B2 (en) * | 1982-10-06 | 1987-12-17 | Sgl Carbon S.A. | Graphitazation method and furnace |
| FR2592875A1 (en) * | 1986-01-16 | 1987-07-17 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PERFORMING THE GRAPHITATION OF CARBON MOLDINGS |
| FR2621311A1 (en) * | 1987-10-06 | 1989-04-07 | Savoie Electrodes Refract | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY CONTINUOUS GRAPHITIZATION OF LONG-CARBON PRODUCTS AND CARBON GRAINS CONDUCTIVE TO BACK-CURRENT |
| EP0311538A1 (en) * | 1987-10-06 | 1989-04-12 | SERS SOCIETE DES ELECTRODES & REFRACTAIRES SAVOIE | Process and apparatus for the continuous and simultaneous graphitisation of long carbonaceous bodies and of carbonaceous grains moving counter-currently |
| EP0355361A3 (en) * | 1988-07-18 | 1990-08-01 | Feist Intertec AG | Graphitisation process of carbon slabs in grahite electrodes |
| US4942002A (en) * | 1988-07-18 | 1990-07-17 | Feist Horst Julius | Process for converting carbon blanks into graphite electrodes |
| WO1991018250A1 (en) * | 1990-05-22 | 1991-11-28 | Tesoriere Jean Marc | Graphitization process and furnace |
| FR2662496A1 (en) * | 1990-05-22 | 1991-11-29 | Tesoriere Jean Marc | GRAPHITIZATION METHOD AND OVEN. |
| US5694413A (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 1997-12-02 | Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich | Procedure and apparatus for continuous supply of heat in electrically conductive bulk goods |
| WO2003055823A1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-10 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Method for continuous graphitization |
| WO2003055824A1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-10 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Method for the production of cathode blocks |
| WO2009059345A1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-05-14 | Patco Engineering Gmbh | Electrically heated shaft furnace |
| CN102491312A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-06-13 | 四川广汉士达炭素股份有限公司 | Pull-jacking type lengthwise graphitization furnace |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2311467B2 (en) | 1975-08-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) | ||
| E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 |