DE2124842A1 - Agricultural machine - Google Patents

Description

PATENT ADVOCATE

33 BRAUNSCHWEIG

AM BÜRGERPARK 8 TELEPHONE (0531) 74798

May 18, 1971 R 520 - G / Lie

Rotary Hoes Limited 3? He Governors of the

Station Road, National College of

Vest Horndon, Essex Agricultural Engineering,

ENGLAND Silsoe, Bedfordshire , ENGLAND

Agricultural machine

The invention relates to an agricultural machine, in particular a separating device for a Dres chmas chine.

The invention finds particular, but not exclusively, application in combined harvesting-threshing machines for. Harvesting rice, oats, and other grains that grow in panicles.

There are such combined harvest threshing machines known, with which the grain from the standing stalk by the effect is harvested by thugs. Such machines have the advantage that the grain is standing by a threshing process Stalk is harvested so that only small amounts of fiber material need to be handled. The accumulation of fiber material can be reduced, but not completely avoided. It is therefore necessary that the resulting fiber material with the grain is separated from the grain.

109849/1291

The object of the invention is to provide a separating device create, with which this fiber material is separated from the grain material can be.

Since the fiber material generally has larger dimensions than the grain, the fiber is sometimes separated from the grain with the help of a sieve. Other separators use the properties of air currents of different speeds to move different materials to promote in the air currents. According to the invention, | a sieve used in conjunction with an arrangement at that the substances to be separated are carried in an air stream.

According to the invention, a threshing machine has an inlet for grain-fiber material mixture, which is conveyed in an air stream, an outlet for the fiber material which is entrained by the air stream, an endless, movable sieve which is arranged and designed so that by a portion of the screen, the air flow passes on its way from the inlet to the outlet, guide means for said screen and drive means for the screen, wherein the separating device is arranged so that at least part of the fiber material separated by W, the screen from the incoming air stream and through the screen is fed to the outlet ₉ where it is entrained by the air stream which passes through the outlet, and a section of the sieve also acts as a conveyor with which the grain is conveyed for removal from the separating device.

When passing through the sieve, at least part of the fiber material is deposited on the sieve and is moved with the sieve towards the outlet, whereby the free Eorngiitj d ^ it can pass completely through the sieve, falls out of the air flow and through the sieve to the outlet the separation device is promoted.

1098A9 / 1291

The separating device expediently has housing means, the sections of the screen are adjacent and force the flow of air between the inlet and the outlet through the pass through the remaining sections of the screen.

Preferably, the housing means form a support surface for the grain over the portion of the sieve which acts as a conveyor works.

The sieve is expediently designed as an endless sieve belt made of mesh material.

The guide means can be rollers over which the screen runs away, one of the rollers being designed as a drive roller.

The sieve is preferably arranged by the guide means in such a way that a triangular cross-section inside the sieve Space is created, with three sieve rubble as walls, with one sieve rubble acting as a conveyor. Is expedient a second sieve strand completed so that the air flow is forced to flow through the third sieve strand. The third sieve strand is expediently divided into two sections by a dividing member, the air flow being forced will enter through one of these sections and exit through the other section.

The invention is further features in the following description of an embodiment of an inventive Machine explained and described in detail with reference to the drawing. In this represent;

1 09 δ Λ 9/1 291

Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a harvesting machine according to the invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic end view in the direction of the arrow 2 in Fig. 1.

3 shows a sectional side view of a separating device.

Fig. 4 is a sectional side view of part of a
Threshing head.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the part shown in FIG.

6 is a sectional view of part of the head according to FIGS. 4 and 6.

Fig. 7. a sectional plan view of a section
of a threshing head rotor.

Fig. 6 is a sectional end view of the rotor according to FIG.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of a development of part of the
Rotor according to FIGS. 7 and 8.

10 9 8 4 9/1 291

In the drawing, particularly FIGS. 1 and 2, a machine for harvesting and threshing rice, oats and Similar grains are shown, which has a main frame 10 which can be moved on sliding chains 11. The caterpillars extend along the "two sides of the frame and." are held on sprockets 12. The crawler tracks can be of a known type and with rubber cushions on each one Chain links must be provided for use on roads. The crawler tracks result in a low surface pressure achieved the soil, so that the machine can also be used on soft soils, such as those in rice fields in particular are to be found.

The main frame 10 carries a drive motor 13 'with the one oil pump, not shown, is driven. That of this one Pump-fed pressurized oil is used to operate a Drive for the crawlers 11 and other power-operated devices of the machine, a tank 14 for hydraulic oil is arranged in the vicinity of the drive motor 13 and above the Drive motor 13 and the tank 14, a platform 15 is arranged, which can be used as a bagging platform on which the harvested grain is filled into bags 16, or on which a grain tank can be arranged.

A threshing head 17 ', which is to be described in detail below, is arranged on the front of the machine. This The head has tapering part or guide fingers 18 on, which are arranged transversely to the machine at a distance from one another and form slots in which the grain is crowded together when the machine moves forward. A rotor 19 then acts on the collected and compacted grain at the end of fingers 18. The rotor 19 is driven by an oil motor 9.

109849/1291

The rotor 19 strikes against the part of the grain carrying the grains, the grain material and a certain amount of fiber material being separated from the upper part of the plant. This mixture of grain and fiber is moved towards the rear towards a separating device 20. As it rotates, the rotor 19 generates an air flow which entrains the grain / fiber mixture. A sheet metal hood 21 extends to the rear of the rotor and serves to give the air flow and a grain-fiber mixture entrained by this in a forced guidance so that the mixture reaches the separator 20 ge.

The separating device 20, which will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3, has a drive roller 22, two guide rollers 23 and 24 and an endless, movable screen 25 (see Fig. 3), which around the rollers 22, 23 and 24 runs around, so that a separating sieve results which includes a wedge-shaped space, the tip of which the rotor 19 faces. . .

An angle plate 26 extends in close proximity to the sieve parallel to the horizontal lower and rear upright strand of the sieve. It serves to increase the airflow in the separator so that it exits the separator through an outlet part of the screen which the air and the fiber material are discharged. The horizontal section 27 of the plate 26 also serves as a receiving surface for sieved grain that is moved through the sieve towards a screw conveyor 28 which extends across the machine extends and conveys to one side of the machine.

The screw conveyor 28 conveys the separated grain the separating device to a height conveyor 29 »which is located in

rearward direction of the machine extends upward.

109849/1291

The conveyor 29 can be of any known type which enables the grain to be conveyed upwards without that damage to the grain occurs as a result. It can, for example, also be a screw conveyor.

The conveyor 29 has at its upper end a chute 30 through which the grains are conveyed into a hopper 31, Via which the grain is filled into sacks 16.

On the top of the hood 21, a seat 32 is arranged so that the operator can use the threshing head 17 during the Has a direct eye on the operation of the machine.

In order to be able to adjust them to different heights of the grain, the threshing head 17 »is the separating device 20 and the seat 32 is formed as a sub-frame unit which is movable relative to the main frame. When moving forward the machine tends to bend the grain forward so that the grain is tilted away from the machine. If the Head 17 is raised vertically in order to be attached to the grain, it would also tend to come off the stalk heads to be moved away. For this reason, the subframe unit can be moved upwards and forwards, up to the position which is shown in dashed lines in FIG.

The sub-frame is mounted on the frame 10 by pivotable parallel links 35 of equal length. These handlebars are hinged at one end to the frame 10 and at the other end to the unit. A hydraulically operated adjusting cylinder 36 is arranged between the frame 10 and the unit. With this adjusting cylinder, the unit becomes relative to the frame 10 parallel to this and adjusted in height. With the help of the link 35, the unit is thus moved forward and upward. Through the formation of the frame 10, the link 35 and the unit formed articulated quadrilateral as a parallelogram ensures that the subframe unit

109849/1291

always remains parallel to the ground surface. The conveyor 29 is hinged to the subframe at the top. Since the seat 32 is arranged on the sub-frame unit and moves with this unit, the operator always has one good view of the grain and its heads, regardless of how high the heads are.

With reference to FIG. 3, a separating device for separating the grain material from the fiber material will be described in detail below. The endless, revolving screen belt 25 has W square meshes with an opening width of approximately 12 mm. The width of the sieve belt corresponds essentially to the full width of the machine. The drive roller 22 is driven by an oil motor 22a in such a way that it moves in the direction of the arrow, that is to say clockwise, in the illustration according to FIG. 3. The roller is provided with corresponding projections with which it is in driving connection with the screen. The guide rollers 23 and 24 are designed similarly to the roller 22.

The sieve 25 includes a wedge-shaped space which is in the Longitudinal section has a triangular shape, with the chisel tip in Direction of travel of the machine is in front. A sieve strand 40 extends obliquely upward from the roller 22. A downward running strand 41 between rollers 23 and 24 extends at a small distance parallel to a section 4-2 the angle plate 26. A horizontal run 43, which at the same time serves as a conveyor for the screened and the fiber material exempted grain serves, extends horizontally and lies with a small distance parallel to the horizontal section

27 of the angle plate 26. The screw conveyor 28 extends parallel to the drive roller 22 and is in it arranged in the immediate vicinity. A cover plate 44 prevents grain and fiber from entering the screw conveyor

28 occurs that has not yet passed through the separating device is.

109849/129 1.

The hood 21 extends from the rotor 29 to the rear and delimits a space 45 through which the grain-fiber material mixture, carried by an air stream, passes through the rotor is generated, enters the separating device. The hood 21 extends at its rear end ″ to in the vicinity of the rear end of the upper strand 40 and is connected at this end to a guide plate 46, which in cross section forms a segment of a circle, here a semicircle. This curved plate 46 forms an outlet 47, from which the separated fiber material from the separating device exit. From the inside of the hood 21 a transversely arranged plate 48 hangs down, the lower edge of which is directly is above the Siebtrumms 40. Veiter above the Siebtrumms an adjustable plate 49 is arranged, which is parallel to the sieve run 40 and is arranged under the rear edge of the hood 21.

The plate 49 is adjustable in a plane parallel to the screen run. The Teil'des Siebtrumms 40, which between the lower edge of the plate 48 and the rear edge of the Plate 49 is, is practically closed so that no air can flow through it. The one at the very back Part of the screen run 40 between the rear edge of the plate 49 and the guide roller 43 forms an outlet through which Air and fiber pass through the sieve. The cross section of this outlet is made by adjusting the plate changeable.

During operation, a part of the fiber material is separated from the grain material by the separating device, which afterwards by the rotor is promoted at the rear. The grain-fiber mixture occurs through room 45. When the mixture passes through through the Siebtrumm 40 is a part of the fiber material of the

1Q9849 / 1291

encircling sieve. This fiber material is carried away by the sieve under the plates 48 and 49. The Korngut and the rest of the fiber gets into the wedge space within of the sieve 25 · Here, the grain falls from the air stream onto the conveying strand 4-3 due to the reduction the air speed inside the sieve interior, the lighter fiber mixture is in the air flow through the Sieve conveyed through into the outlet 47, with the passage of the air flow through the sieve at the same time the outside of the sieve with fiber material led into the outlet 47 is blown ) will.

If necessary, additional air can be introduced into the bar enclosed by the sieve to allow the fiber material to be discharged to support. Such additional air can run through a transverse Pipe are fed, which is located above the guide roller 24 and a number of outlet openings has, from which the air is blown upwards in sighting at the outlet 47.

Sieved grain, which is essentially free of fiber, is along the plate 27 through the sieve 43 in the direction conveyed onto the drive roller 42 and enters the screw conveyor 28 between the roller 22 and the plate 27 with which the grain is moved in the direction of the conveyor 29 ·.

The threshing head of the machine will now be described in detail with reference to FIGS. The threshing head has a plurality of circular arc-shaped troughs which are arranged at a distance from one another in the axial direction of the rotor are. In Figs. 4 and 5, there is only one of these troughs 50 illustrates. Each of the troughs 50 eats at one another ÜJeil extending at the front and tapering towards the front

109849/1291

or feed member 51 attached. The troughs 50 are each provided with a cylindrical bottom part 52. Side walls 53 extend from this bottom part 52 in the direction on the center of curvature, these side walls at the same time diverge. In this way, the radially inner edges of the side walls 53 are at a greater distance than that edges adjoining the cylindrical bottom portion 52. The side walls 53 run in at their free, inner end radially directed, parallel edge sections 54-. the Maiden 50 are approximately semicircular in side view, with the two free ends of the troughs in a common, horizontal lie on the plane.

The rear ends of the troughs 5 ° are through a transverse plate 55 connected to each other. This transverse plate 55 has projecting tongues 56 which, as shown in Fig. 5, between the ends of the troughs extend, preferably so that they are flush with the inner edge. The hollows are on their other end further connected to one another by a transversely arranged, hollow connecting member 57. This link 57 protrudes from the front edges of the troughs and has a rounded profile. On the link 57 a curved plate 58 is attached which is part of the hood 21 (see Fig. 3).

The partial or feed members 51 are finger-shaped and each formed from a metal plate. The fingers are designed as hollow bodies with conical surfaces in a Tip at the front end, taper off. The bottom 60 of each Finger 51 is wedge-shaped and extends horizontally on the long duck to the lowest point of the bottom 52 of the troughs 50. The sides 61 of the fingers 51 diverge upwards and merge into the side walls 53 and 54 of the troughs. The side walls 61 have vertical, wedge-shaped sections 62 and un-

109849/1291

tere, vertically inclined, wedge-shaped sections 63. The Top side 64 of the individual fingers 51 extends obliquely upwards from the tip. She is with the one in front the upper end of the trough 50 is welded. Page 64 is, in Cross-section seen, roof-shaped. The transition between the finger and the trough is always smooth and without Edges formed. FIG. 6 shows a typical cross section through a finger 51

The described training of the fingers narrows the gap between two adjacent fingers progressively backwards to a minimum gap that is equal to the gap between two adjacent troughs 50. Venn the threshing head moves forward through the grain, the grain heads are pressed together between the partial fingers until the heads between the troughs exposed to the action of the rotor are. The height of the threshing head above the ground will be adjusted so that the ears of corn or panicles are predominantly below the horizontal plane in which the ends of the Wells lie, but above the lowest point of the edge 54 of the side walls 55 of the wells 50. The heads of the stalks with oversize strike against the transverse link 57, are bent so that they then in the Gap between the hollows. When the grain enters between the troughs, the rotor hits the panicles or Yours, whereby the grain and the panicles or yours are separated from the stalks that remain in the field.

The projections 56 of the plates 55 serve the one essential Amount of grain that has been separated from the grain by the rotor can fall to the ground behind the rotor. The projections 56 can also extend down a short distance between the troughs. In the rest of the column between the troughs 50 prevent those crowded together here Grain stalks so that grain falls down between the hollows.

1098497 129 1

The troughs and the guide or guide fingers are designed in such a way that that any sharp edge is avoided in the area in which contact with the grain occurs in order to access them Way damage to the cargo and possibly premature To prevent loosening of the grain from the grain stalks.

In the JEPig. 7 »8 and 9 is one embodiment of a rotor construction illustrated. The eotor has a tubular shape Shaft 65, on the outer circumference of which radial disks 66 are welded at an axial distance, which are shown in the drawing are only partially shown. These disks 66 lie in planes transverse to the axis of the shaft 65. The disks 66 are in arranged at such a distance that each disc 66 is immersed in one of the troughs 50. Extending through the discs 66 from one end of the shaft 65 to the other tubular rods 67, which are evenly distributed over the circumference and are movable in the longitudinal direction. Each rod has between each pair of adjacent discs 66 and equidistantly Cross bores 68 distributed over the rod.

The shaft 65 is at one end with drive means 9 (Fig. 1) which have an oil motor by which the rotor is rotated. At the opposite end is the shaft provided with an axle pin 59, which is carried coaxially to the hollow shaft 57 of annular disks 69, which are inside the shaft 65 are welded.

Racket rods 70 with a circular cross-section are straight or bent inner ends held in the bores 68 in the rods 67. They are secured by pins 71. The radial outer.Ends of the rods 70 are bent and angled in transverse, arranged holes near the outer periphery of the disks 66 inserted so that the rods 70 relative to the discs

109849/1291

2 T24842

are pivotable. The rods 70 are this way inclined at an acute angle to the planes transverse to the axis of the shaft 65. However, they lie in radial planes, which pass through the shaft axis.

In Pig. 7, the rods 70 are shown so that they are after opposite ends of the shaft 65 are inclined. The rods 7 ° are further arranged so that the racket rods 70 alternately to one and the other end of the shaft 65 are inclined and alternately in the circumferential direction of the shaft 65 · The rods '70 thus overlap over the circumference of the Wave.

The discs 66 and the racket rods 70 form groups, which are arranged axially to the rotor shaft 65 at a distance, wherein a group comprises two adjacent discs and the rods 7 ° between these two discs.

For the axial adjustment of the rods 67 relative to the shaft 65 adjusting means are provided. When the rods 67 are axially displaced, the inner ends of the racket rods become 70 adjusted to the effect that the inclination of the Rods 70 relative to the discs 66 and thus the extent the overlap of the rods is adjusted 7 ° in the circumferential direction will * These adjustment means for the rods 70 are on one Arranged at the end of the shaft. They comprise a ring 73 'which is arranged coaxially on the shaft 65 and relative to the shaft is rotatable. The ring 73 is in Pig. 9 in. Flat development shown. It has a series of oppositely inclined pairs of slots 74 inclined relative to the axis of the shaft 65 · The pairs of slots 74 act with axially arranged slots 75, which are formed in the shaft 65. A pin 76 which is attached to the end of each rod 67

109849/1291

is, engages through the slots 74- of the adjusting ring 73 in the slots 73 of the shaft 65. When the ring 73 is rotated relative to the shaft 65, the pins 76 are displaced in the longitudinal direction of the slots 75 via the oblique slots 74 in the ring 73 so that the rods 67 are also displaced axially. When the ring 73 is rotated, the inner ends of the rods 70 are displaced over the rods 67 in a direction parallel to the shaft 65, the ends of the rods 70 being associated with the neighboring rods 67 due to the opposite inclination of the neighboring slots in the opposite direction move.

The ring 73 is held in position against the outer disk 66 by a snap ring 77 . The ring 73 has a radial projection 78 "This projection 78 carries a spring-loaded locking pin 79" by means of which the ring is locked in a selected position relative to the shaft 65. The pin 78 is guided in a bushing 80 which is welded to the projection 78. The spring 81 is supported against the bushing 80 on the one hand and a ring fixed on the shaft on the other hand. The pin 79 is provided with a handle 82 with which it is retractable. In the end plate 66 a series of locking holes 8 $ are provided on an arc of a circle at a distance, with which the pin 79 can optionally be brought into engagement.

Special locking means can be provided to prevent the rotor from rotating, see above as long as the pin 79 is out of engagement with the disk 66.

The rotor works as follows.

109849/1291

The rotor is driven and creates an air flow. The air is forced to flow out of the upper part of the rotor in the direction of the separating device. When the machine is driven forward into the grain to be harvested, the racket rods come into engagement with the panicles or watch the grain and remove the grain and part of the fiber from it. The grain-fiber mixture is of the Air flow entrained and carried into the separator. . The special construction of the racket bars in the illustrated Embodiment has been found to be particularly effective for the separation of grain from grain has been proven, in which the fc grain is arranged in panicles. The rackets can, however modified to give optimal results with other grains.

So that the grain is obtained relatively undamaged by the action of the racket rods and a relatively high degree of threshing efficiency is achieved, it is important to optimally set the circumferential speed of the rotor and the inclination and degree of overlap of the racket rods. The optimal mode of operation of the rotor varies with the type and condition of the grain. For example, it may be necessary to adjust the speed of the rotor and the position of W · racket rods depending on the moisture content of the grain.

In order to meet the different working conditions au the speed of the rotor can be varied by changing the speed of the oil motor. It turned out that a speed of 500 to 1000 rpm is advantageous. The preferred rotor speed is 700 rpm.

The position of the racket bars is determined by those described above Adjustment means set to adjust the working character

109849/1291

to further change the characteristics of the rotor

The machine can be behind the rotor with a tiller provided so that the soil can be prepared immediately after the grain has been harvested, whereby the standing · Remaining stalks can be worked into the soil. The rotary tiller can be of a known type with a transverse arranged shaft and a series of spaced discs to which L-shaped tillage tools are attached are.

109849/1291

Claims (10)

Expectations 1. Separating device for a threshing machine with an inlet for a grain-fiber mixture, which is from an air stream is carried along, a sieve for the separation of grain and fiber and an outlet for the fiber, thereby characterized in that the fiber material is carried along in the air stream towards the outlet (47), so that the sieve (25) is endless and is driven so that the air flow is guided so that it is on the way between the inlet (45) and the The outlet (47) passes through a portion (40) of the sieve that the separating device is designed so that at least a part of the fiber material is separated from the incoming air flow through the sieve and through the sieve is conveyed to the outlet, where the fiber material is entrained again by the air stream flowing to the outlet, and that a section (43) of the sieve acts as a conveyor with which the grain is conveyed to be withdrawn from the separating device will. 2. Separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing parts (27, 42), the sections (41, 43) of the screen (25) are adjacent, the air flow between the inlet (45) and the outlet (47) flow through the remaining sections (40) of the sieve. 3. Separating device according to claim 2, characterized in that the housing means form a storage surface (27) for the grain over the portion (43) of the sieve, which acts as a conveyor works. 4. Separating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sieve as an endless belt (25) consists of mesh material. 1 0 9 8 4 97 1 2 9 1 5. Separating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as guide means for the Sieve rollers (22, 23, 24) are provided over which the Sieve (35) is guided, and that one of the rollers (22) is provided with a drive. 6. Separating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sieve (25) has guide means (22, 23, 24) is guided so that the sieve a Triangular path traverses, with three screen debris (40, 41, 43) are formed, of which one (43) as a conveyor for the grain works. 7. (Separating device according to claim 6, characterized in that that a second run (41) of the screen is completed so that the air flow is forced through the third run (40) of the sieve to pass through. 8. Separating device according to claim 7 »characterized in that that the third Siebtrumm (40) is divided into two sections by a separator (48, 49), so that the air flow is forced to enter the tree enclosed by the sieve through one section and through the other Abechnitt to step out of this tree. 9. Separating device according to claim 8, characterized in that the width of the two sections can be changed. 10. Separating device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a screw conveyor (2S) for the removal of the grain is provided by. the sieve has been taken. 1291 to Blank page