DE2036099C3 - Vacuum circuit breaker - Google Patents

Description

if vacuum power switch according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the electrodes (11, 16, 17) at least partially Getter material included

12 vacuum circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the Electrodes (16) is provided with slots (35)

13. Vacuum circuit breaker according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that the inner electrode (11) as the power supply bolt (12) surrounding hollow cylinder is formed, which is only at the end provided with the contact piece (7) with the power supply bolt (12) is connected (Fig. 1).

In the construction of vacuum switches, efforts were made for a long time to improve the performance of the switches and their operating properties through the choice of contact material and the geometric design of the To influence contact pieces. However, it has become known that the contact pieces have a separate Electrode system can be assigned to which the arc after its ignition between skips the contact pieces and in which it comes to extinction iUSA. patent specification 3 509 404). The known arrangement has two concentrically arranged, essentially cylindrical Electrodes, of which the outer one carries a contact piece or on its end face as a contact piece serves. The movable contact pieces pass through openings of a carrier on which the inner cylindrical electrode is attached. The otherwise usual block contact pieces for vacuum switches cannot be used with the described arrangement.

With the present invention is aimed at a reliably working vacuum switch for to create high voltages and powers that work with simple disc contact pieces. One suitable geometric design of the internal structure of the vacuum interrupter should help to achieve a lower contact erosion, a lower chopping current strength and, in particular, a higher one Achieve switching capacity as well as a higher dielectric strength over the required service life.

The invention is based on a vacuum circuit breaker with contact pieces, of which eir Switching arc on an electrode system is transmitted from an inner cylindrical and a con centrally to this arranged double-walled consists of formed cylindrical outer electrode whose outer jacket is connected to voltage, unc the one the contact pieces and the electrode system Has surrounding housing, which consists of an insulating

Body and this final face-side live voltage Consists of metal parts,

According to the invention is one of the contact sticks attached to the inner ejecta, and axially ne-sen The double-walled electrode has a further outer electrode arranged on it, which I have at the potential the inner electrode and the double-walled electrode under the image of a little-Sens partially facing radially extending annular channel

With this arrangement, the arc is indeed
initially quickly enough to allow the
Kontäktstücken brought whose life is thereby increased, but nevertheless it remains until membered stiraemg void in one of the electrode surfaces vollkom- i _S puts his This leads men enveloped space captured. The large one, the current path, which causes the arc outside of the contact pieces to the S k

Jointed running surface initially causes a considerable reduction in the tear-off current strength. d id b ie di llkne

their outer coat to the of the housing of the vacuum

through the fastening

frontal metaUteS

switch can be reached.

In order to burn the {ken, it is desirable that the

quickly from the contact piece «*" J ₁ J

stem crosses. By «^ bindere

double-walled electrode Jf ⁸ ™

SPEED INCREASED ™ ^Γ £ J * »° Invention can do this to the inner

outer coat of the <^ ™ »* f S

each other through ^one

be, and the inner M

rige stirasemge Metallted D fh

Strp,
it works for the senses
trode as the S ^ f hollow cylinder formed

k h

homo- and bisexual S? d

a significant reduction in chopping current strength. Hohlzyhnder aug ^; J

But it is very special because of the perfect contact piece provided in this way

Elk bolt «rbunden i, t Di

the

Contact

This inner electrode can η obliteration, guide forms of the EA ' ^d " ⁿ J ^vo ; f As mentioned, the ^invention gives a good chance," ne gunsöge dlrtm

chu.g des Isol ^ierk
ensure, to care. This can
outer coat the additional outer coat of the double-walled hd Mt

that the

A special feature, however, is the encasing of the arc space by means of electrical

A migration of charge carriers from the electrodes or a recession of Charge carriers on not serving as electrodes

OberflicherT completely prevented. This does not apply the need for additional

tion and collection of load carriers

an anode patch. Such anode spots, which as a result

their tendency to overcoat the dpp g at certain points for a long time

venveilen and eroding them excessively, and that 30 and that this cursing coat

this quickly becomes unusable parallel to ^^^^^

of vacuum switches therefore occur below one between the

relatively high current limit not ^ in ^ M.t. ^

^m Due to the fact that the double-walled electrode 35 a relatively uniformly over Jn ^ MmeUe.i of

additional electrode faces, insulator is also built up and it is possible

achieves that the switching arcs are not as far as desired despite maintaining small distances within the Va

can wander in the arrangement of electrodes, but darkly along the surface of the fields

the nad. Entry into the opposing, expedient choice of ^Elekt ™ ^de " ^k ™haben XSSeS

the sections of the two outer electrodes become the stress limits of the insulator surfaces

be driven back full of force. Maintain the arc. Information about the

can therefore be at a safe distance from the ISO basis of the arrangement, according to Icher

ller body of the vacuum vessel are held, the electrodes in the vacuum vessel »f '" den

avoided by stunning it with metal vapor down of gases below Paschen ^ ' can be. An additional vapor screen, which in 45 sign Data of H'gh-Voltage

well-known vacuum switches for the condensation of 68 TP 647-PWR. IEEE, 19öK_ _q metal vapor is provided, is therefore not used. The desired leadership of the Sc Jf

necessary, and the disadvantages associated therewith are: the electrode system is of the Gestal

"Style. path dependent. In the area of additional bleu outer By the arrangement of two mutually 50 trode can dns desired ^ i ^ nJkMjbdfr opposing electrodes may sheet improves characterized also: bowler, that ^ ^een favorable stress of the insulating body of the Va additional electrode and the inner electrode kuumgefäßes brought about and compliance with insulating gap present, st. If this is the case, small electrode gaps within the gap will result in undershooting

^{hdih AS} ^ Sr

erb
to Büdung the mentioned ring channel between borrowed electrode with one

2SÄ

tonsJl The radial course can differ if i

is

it is favorable if you have power supply to both of them

sr ssrsLTJx ^^ · χ no

appropriate attachment of the outer electrodes that the Li

at the

5 6

the electrode arrangement is prevented even before an elongated hollow cylinder in the electrode 11 it is in the laolator's field of vision. However, such a design can contribute to the addition of an actuating rod IZ. This actuating rod is also used to select external electrodes so that they encompass a labyrinth-like manner in the switched-on state and immediately. If also in 5 according to as a power supply bolt. The electrode 11 A further development of the invention between the ends is only possible at the end with the actuating rod 12 of the now labyrinthine ring channel, on which the contact piece 7 is located, is not connected. If there is a line of sight, see the light bulb. The actuation rod 12 is through an opening 13 against metal vapor that is always present on the adjacent metal part3 from the housing! out Batten electrodes down and can therefore no longer be OK and can be moved there in a manner not shown get to the insulator. stored and with a suitable drive system.

To ensure that no arcs are connected by treatment. Between the metal part 3 and the so-called detour discharge can arise, actuating rod 12, a bellows 14 is arranged, it is recommended to net the distances between the housing 2 and the surrounding Different potential located electrodes seals about 15 atmosphere and enables the switch-on and switch-off equal or partially smaller than the distance between the movement of the actuating rod 12. To the To choose contact pieces in the open state. Relief of the bellows 14 from the current conduction

A connecting part is used to ensure that the vacuum switch works properly! IS, the operators must always be a high vacuum. The vacuum can also connect metal part 3 galvanically immovably with the scope of the invention.

are maintained in that at least In the housing 2 are concentric to the inner

one of the electrodes at least partially made up of getter electrodes 11 two outer electrodes 16 and 17 material consists without the actual axially arranged side by side, the between Contact piece material thereby adversely affects the contact pieces 6 and 7 ignited arc needs to be. Conduct by partially atomizing the »5 in a manner to be described. The Elek-Getterwerkstoffes during switching processes directly trode 16 is double-walled, with their before the arc is extinguished, any cross-sectional shape will be approximately U-shaped. The open one occurring gases then bound. The end faces the metal part 4, with the internal

The invention is described below with reference to the nere jacket 20 is shorter than the outer jacket 21, The embodiments shown in the figures are connected to the front metal part 4. explained here. A current entering the electrode 16 flows there-

The F i g. 1 shows a switching vessel of a vacuum always over the jacket 21 to the metal part 4. Intermediate section in which the inner cylindrical see the jackets 20 and 21 of the electrode 16 is attached to the movable contact piece a step 22 arranged in such a way that the zwii _s t. 35 see the coats 20 and 21 at the top of the

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the electrode 16 is at a small distance 22 ' provided with the inner cylindrical electrode a larger distance 23 is expanded. Contact piece fixedly arranged. The further outer electrode 17 Ix is essentially seated

3 shows a modified version borrowed the same shape as the electrode 16; she Example of the vacuum switch according to FIG. 2, in which 40 accordingly has an inner electrode 11 between the inner and outer jacket of the concentric with an insulating annular gap 28 a gap is provided on an outer electrode. surrounding jacket 24 and an outer jacket

In FIG. 4 are turned to the right and left of the 25, with between these coats - similar to Draw the center line of two other embodiments - with the electrode 16 - a step 26 is present. games shown. 45 The jacket 25 is connected to the metal part 3 on the end face

On the basis of FIG. 5, an embodiment is connected to the housing 2, with which the electrode 17 a particularly simple, for example, basic one receives the potential of the inner electrode II Electrode explained. Essential for the arrangement of the Elektrooen

In the figures are for the same parts, distances and 17 is a labyrinth-like overlap etc. the same reference numbers are entered. 50 in such a way that an annular channel ÜJ7 with the transverse

The vacuum switch according to FIG. 1 has a sectional shape of a Z that is formed radially Matically shown housing 2, which consists of frontally extending sections and an axially extending arranged plate-shaped metal parts 3 and 4 section. Since the electrodes 16 and as well as one between these metal parts - the operating voltage of the vacuum switch is The insulating body 5 is formed from the outlet of the channel 27 and the hollow-cylindrical 55 connected to it. development of the electrostatic field, and through the

In the interior of the housing 2 there are fixed, speaking dimensions of the radii of curvature 30 and existing contact piece 6 and a movable contact 60 31 at the outer mouth of the channel 27 as well piece 7 opposite. Both conical pieces are shaped like blocks 32 and 33 with appropriately dimensioned jokes. The stationary Kon- see the outer jackets 21 and 25 and the Isotaktstuck 6 can for example be attached to the metal part 4 Iierkörper5 an electrical overbeanspmbefasten, via which at the same time the power supply to the surface of the IsolierkösrpersS is prevented he follows. For connecting a busbar * of a cable. 65 An enlargement of the distance between the electrodes bels od. The like. Serves a connecting bolt 10, which along the electric field line "substantially over the metal part 4 is connected to the contact opening width j ^ ehend can there-

_f The movable contact piece 7 is omitted on the forehead through, through the mentioned favorable

Field distribution crgibl: there is a high dielectric strength along the insulating body, and in connection with the reliable arc return from channel 27, there is a very considerable reduction the dusting of the inner surface of the insulating body 5 and thus even with the highest levels of Absehaltlcislun ^ cn an increased switching cycle is achieved.

When switching off, the contact pieces 6 and 7 move into the open position shown in FIG. The arc ignited between the contact pieces 6 and 7 migrates due to magnetic influence into the annular gap between electrodes 11 and 16. It can move upwards in this gap as long as until it comes from the outer electrode 17, which is at the same potential as the inner electrode 11 is located, is taken over. If the arc has not yet extinguished, it can be Z-shaped Enter channel 27. However, there is such a magnetic influence on the arc, that it is effectively driven back immediately. Therefore he cannot get into the field of vision reach the wall of the insulating body S and damage it or dust it with metal vapor. This especially contributes to the fact that from the entrance of the Z-shaped channel, which is between the uppermost Point 29 of the F.lcktrodc 16 and the step 26 of the outer electrode 17, no line of sight to the insulator.

The vacuum switch according to FIG. 2 is correct in his basic structure and its mode of operation with the switch of Figure 1 completely übercin; however, a change is made in the arrangement of the Kontaktstückc 6 and 7 as far as the inner The electrode 11 with the contact piece 7 is arranged in a stationary manner and the contact piece 6 is movable is arranged. Correspondingly, the bellows 14 is located on the matching metal parts and the contact piece 6 is attached to a slidably guided carrier 36. As in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. A connector 15 is used to relieve the bellows 14 from the Current conduction.

In the modified vacuum switch according to FIG. 3 differs from the other embodiments the inner jacket 20 of the outer electrode 16 also with the steel-sided metal piece 4 of the vacuum vessel 2 connected, and in the area of the upper end 29 of the electrode 16 is a insulating ring gap 34 is provided. This gap can be located directly at the top as well as slightly below this point on the one facing the inner electrode II or facing away from it Side. The parts of the electrodes adjoining the annular gap 34 can be through a The bead can be rounded or instead of the rounding, an overlap can be provided, as in FIG Fig.4 is indicated. Through this structure the outer Electrode 16 is achieved that after the arc has emerged from the area of the Kontaktslückc 6 and 7 an intense grinding effect is exerted, which the arc very quickly moved to the upper end 29 of the electrode 16. But as soon as the arc passes to the electrode 17 and enters the channel 27, he is also prevented from running through a strong loop effect and driven back.

In the previously described Ausführungsbcispicicn part extends the outer electrode 17, which is located at the potential of the inner electrode 11 as the sheath 24 while maintaining an annular gap 28 to the inner electrode 11. In Figure 4, are parallel to two variations for the design of specified outer electrode and the inner electrode 11, which allow an additional influence on the arc.

In the left part of Figure 4 is the additional electrode designated as a whole with 18. Your inner man

to tcl 24 is redesigned in such a way that it is a straight line Continuation of the part of the electrode 17 (Fig. 1) previously referred to as step 26 protrudes radially inward, the inner electrode 11 being shortened and also drawn inwards so that the gap 28 with

»5 remains in a reduced position. One achieves through this also a reliable detection of the arc at the entrance of the channel 27.

In the right part of FIG. 4, the additional electrode is designated as a whole by 19. Your inner mancl 24 is contrary to the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS below, d. H. in the direction of the coherent metal part 4, angled. In addition, the inner electrode 11 is also shortened, with the end of the shortened Electrode 11 and the end of the inner jacket 24 face in a similar manner as the inner and outer sheaths of the electrode 16 in FIG. 3. However, it is advisable to do this again with 28 designated gap between the inner Elckirodc 11 and the outer electrode 17 are not at the same height as the gap 34 in FIG. 3 to be arranged. The opposite ends of the electrodes 11 and 18 hy \ v. 19 can, as Fig. 4 shows, / • Overlap each other in regular terms.

The changed direction of the inner jacket 24 of the outer F.lcktrodc 19 in the right part of the Fi g. 4th causes a lengthening of the labyrinth-like overlap between the two outer electrodes 16 and 19. The danger of metal vapor getting onto the insulating body is therefore special small amount. Contributes to this. that the changed position of the gap 28 between the electrodes 11 and 19 the arc after entering the labyrinthine The outer electrodes 16 and 19 overlap even earlier than in the previous embodiments drives back.

It is known per se: in vacuum switch a cigcnmagnctisch caused rotation of the arc through slots in the contact pieces or theirs to generate associated electrodes. Such slots can advantageously also be used in the electrode arrangement according to the invention are used axially obliquely. May already be a beneficial effect can be achieved if only one of the electrodes is slotted, and that itself simply in the axial direction; however, all three electrodes can also be provided with slots. In Fig.2 is the double balance electrode with axial give away inclined slots 35 which are located in the outer jacket 21.

Individual features of the described embodiment can also be combined with each other to correct the magnetic effect on the arc. For example can

the design of electrodes 11 and i7 (Fte 4) regardless of this, the outer electrode 16 can be divided and in the area of its obcrsi ™ Place has a gap 34 (Fig. 3).

In Fig. 5 another embodiment is shown, which is characterized by a particularly simple design of the double-walled here designated 40 Electrode and the additional, labeled 39 electrode. The additional electrode 39 extends radially inward and then at right angles starting from its outer jacket 25 again at right angles axially in the direction of the frontal metal part 4. Also the double-walled Electrode 40 is more simply shaped than in the examples discussed above. Except for the annular gap 34, which has already been described with reference to FIG Has layer, the doppelwandigc electrode 40 is U-shaped in cross section, the inner Jacket 41 and the outer jacket 42 arranged concentrically to the actuating rod 12

10

Hollow cylinders are formed which have a radial connecting piece 43 own. The inner electrode U already has that on the right part the F i g. 4 illustrated shortened form with a recess at its upper end through which a Annular spar 28 is formed with the additional electrode 39.

The channel 44 present between the electrodes 39 and 40 has a simple angular shape in FIG. However, as in the embodiments described above, there is no line of sight between the inlet of this channel, which is located at the mutually offset annular gaps 28 and 34, and the opening on the insulating body 5. This is essential for protecting the insulating body S from dusting by metal vapor.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

Claims (8)

Patent claims: 1. V & awnleistungs8cbelter with contact pieces, of which a switching arc on top of an electrode system consists of an inner cylindrical and concentric to this arranged double-walled cylindrical outer electrode, the outer jacket of which is connected to voltage, and with one the contact pieces and The housing surrounding the electrode system , which consists of an insulating body and this closing, end-face live metal parts, characterized in that one of the contact pieces (7) is attached to the inner electrode (11) and that axially next to the double-walled electrode (16 ) a further outer electrode (17) is arranged, which is at the potential of the inner electrode (11) and faces the double-walled electrode (16) to form an at least partially radial annular channel (27) (FIG. 1) . 2. Vacuum circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional Electrode (17) has an outer jacket (25) and starting from its double-walled Electrode (16) opposite end (30) continues radially inward (FIG. 1). 3. Vacuum circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that the double-walled electrode (16) with its outer jacket (21) on one (4) and the further electrode (17) with its outer jacket (25) on the other end-face metal part ( 3) attached i ^r t (Fig. 1). 4. Vacuum circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner jacket (20) and the outer jacket (21) of the double-walled electrode (16) from each other by a insulating annular gap (34) are separated and that the inner jacket (20) over the associated end face Metal part (4) is also connected to voltage (Fig. 3). 5. Vacuum circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer jacket (25) of the additional electrode (17) with the outer one Sheath (21) of the double-walled electrode (16) is aligned and that these aligned sheaths (21, 25) with a gap (32, 33) run parallel to the insulating body (5), the channel (27) opens approximately in the middle of the insulator (5) (Fil) 6. Vacuum circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that between the additional Electrode (17) and the inner electrode (11) an insulating gap (28) is present is (Fig.l). 7. Vacuum circuit breaker according to claims, characterized in that the additional The electrode (19) has a part (24) which is approximately aligned with the inner electrode (11) and that the insulating gap (28) between the aligned parts (11, 24) in the area of the inner The end (29) of the double-walled electrode (16) is located (FIG. 4). 8. Vacuum circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional Electrode (19) surrounds the double-walled electrode (16) like a labyrinth (FIG. 4). 9 VekUBudeirtrogSBchaUer according to requirements, characterized in that there is no visual connection between the ends of the fungus channel (27) ¹¹⁸ Yo! ¹ Vatoäm / eistungsscnalter _j oach claim 1, characterized in that the distances zvrt-Xn au? different electrodes located at potential (π, U or Mn **** or are partially smaller than the distance between the contact pieces (6,7) in the open state