DE2034011A1 - Tri-and tetravalent glasses - contg carbides or nitrides - Google Patents
Tri-and tetravalent glasses - contg carbides or nitridesInfo
- Publication number
- DE2034011A1 DE2034011A1 DE19702034011 DE2034011A DE2034011A1 DE 2034011 A1 DE2034011 A1 DE 2034011A1 DE 19702034011 DE19702034011 DE 19702034011 DE 2034011 A DE2034011 A DE 2034011A DE 2034011 A1 DE2034011 A1 DE 2034011A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- glasses
- powder
- tetravalent
- tri
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title description 7
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 title description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000006121 base glass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical compound [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940000489 arsenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003258 bubble free glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011494 foam glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 germanate Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006233 lamp black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005284 oxidic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003238 silicate melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C11/00—Multi-cellular glass ; Porous or hollow glass or glass particles
- C03C11/007—Foam glass, e.g. obtained by incorporating a blowing agent and heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/11—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing halogen or nitrogen
- C03C3/111—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing halogen or nitrogen containing nitrogen
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von tri- und tetravalenten Gläsern. Process for the production of tri- and tetravalent glasses.
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von tri- und tetravalenten Gläsern, die Nitride und Carbide der Metalle der 4. bis 6. mebengruppe des Periodensystems enthalten. The invention relates to a method for producing tri- and tetravalent glasses, the nitrides and carbides of the metals of the 4th to 6th centuries included in the periodic table.
Bekannte Gläser sind das monovalente Fluoberyllatglas und die divalenten oxydischen Gläser, so Borat-, Silikat-, Germaniat-,Phosphat- und Arsenatgläser, als Seltenheit Sulfidgläser. Das einfach zusammengesetzte Natron-Kalk-Glas, das die Zusammensetzung Na2O. CaO.6SiO2 hat, ist das "Kormalglas'. Well-known glasses are the monovalent fluoberyllate glass and the divalent ones oxidic glasses, such as borate, silicate, germanate, phosphate and arsenate glasses, as a rarity sulfide glasses. The simply composed soda-lime glass that the composition Na2O. CaO.6SiO2 is the "normal glass".
Durch mehr oder weniger weitgehende Änderungen in der Zusammensetzung erhält man außer den Normalgläsern noch Hunderte von Spezialgläsern mit jeweils neuen Eigenschaften. Gegenüber dem monovalenten Fluoberyllatglas sind die oxydischen, divalenten Gläser in ihren Lichtbrechungs- und Ifäfteeigenschaften gesteigert.Through more or less extensive changes in the composition In addition to normal glasses, you get hundreds of special glasses with each new properties. Compared to the monovalent fluoberyllate glass, the oxidic, divalent glasses increased in their refraction and strength properties.
Von größtem technischen Interesse wäre es nun, eine nochmalige Steigerung der Eigenschaften durch den tfbergang auf tri- oder gar tetravalente Gläser zu erreichen. Das ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung. It would be of the greatest technical interest to increase it again to achieve the properties through the transition to tri or even tetravalent glasses. That is the object of the present invention.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe dadurch, daß den Schmelzen monovalenter und divalenter Gläser, vorzugsweise den Schmelzen der divalenten Gläser, metallisches Titan in Pulverform zugeführt wird, das mit den in den Schmelzen enthaltenen Gasen wie Stickstoff N2, Kohlenmonoxid ao, Kohlendioxid und anderen unter Bildung von Nitriden und Carbiden reagiert. This problem is solved by making the melt more monovalent and divalent glasses, preferably the melts of the divalent glasses, metallic Titanium is supplied in powder form with the gases contained in the melt such as nitrogen N2, carbon monoxide ao, carbon dioxide and others with the formation of Nitrides and carbides react.
Es bilden sich solche Reaktionsprodukte, die von der Schmelze gelöst werden. Man kann auch Glasscherben zu Pulver vermahlen, Titanpulver und Kohlenstoffpulver z.B. ltampenruß zumischen und zussmmenschmelzen, wobei für die Nitridbildung Stickstoff aus der Luft entnommen wird. Die zwischen dem dem Metall und der Glasschmelze sich ab spielenden metallurgischen Vorgänge führen offenbar zu anderen Produkten wie in den üblichen chemischen Methoden der Darstellung von Ditalnitrid und Titancarbid; denn die Zugabe der chemisch hergestellten Verbindungen zu den Glasschmelzen führt nicht zu dem gewünschten Erfolg. Diese führt vielmehr zu starker grobblasiger Schaumbildung unter Zersetzung der Verbindungen und unter Bildung dreiwertiger Oxide des Titans.Such reaction products are formed that are released from the melt will. You can also grind broken glass into powder, titanium powder and carbon powder E.g. mix in lamp soot and melt it together, whereby for the nitride formation nitrogen taken from the air. The one between the the metal and the molten glass itself starting metallurgical processes apparently lead to other products such as in the usual chemical methods of the preparation of dital nitride and titanium carbide; because the addition of the chemically produced compounds leads to the glass melt not to the desired success. Rather, this leads to strong, coarse-bubble foam formation with decomposition of the compounds and with the formation of trivalent oxides of titanium.
An Stelle von Titan können auch andere Metalle der 4. bis 6. Nebengruppe des Periodensystems verwendet werden, wobei für Herstellung trivalenter, stickstoffhaltiger Gläser die Metalle Titan, Niob und Tantal und für die Herstellung tetravalenter Gläser die Metalle Vanadin9 Molybdän und Wolf ram zu be-vorzugen sind. Titan verhält sich in allen Fällen optimal, sowohl für die Nitridbildung wie für die Carbidbildung. Von besonderem Vorteil ist die Anwesenheit der Oxide des Eisens und des Mangans in der Schmelze, die offenbar die Löslichkeit der Reaktionsprodukte in der Glasschmelze erhöhen. Es sind für die Darstellung praktisch alle technischen Gläser geeignet, auch die Silikatschmelzen der Gesteine. Die erfindungsgemäßen Gläser sind Mischgläser der beiden Klassen von divalenten und trivalenten bzw. von divalenten und tetravalenten oder von di-,tri- und tetravalenten Gläsern,in denen die Nitride und Carbide des Titans bzw. der anderen Metalle als komplexe Verbindungen,-in denen meist Eisen oder ein anderes Metall enthalten ist, vorliegen. Instead of titanium, other metals from the 4th to 6th subgroups can also be used of the periodic table can be used, with trivalent, nitrogen-containing Glasses the metals titanium, niobium and tantalum and for the manufacture of tetravalent Glasses made of the metals vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten are preferred. Titan behaves are optimal in all cases, both for nitride formation and for carbide formation. The presence of the oxides of iron and manganese is particularly advantageous in the melt, which evidently increases the solubility of the reaction products in the glass melt raise. Practically all technical glasses are suitable for the display, also the silicate melts of the rocks. The glasses according to the invention are mixed glasses of the two classes of divalent and trivalent or of divalent and tetravalent or of di-, tri- and tetravalent glasses, in which the nitrides and carbides of the Titans or the other metals as complex compounds, -in which mostly iron or another metal is contained.
Besonders auffallend ist die hohe Härte der erfindungsgemäßen Gläser, mit denen sich normale Gläser leicht schnei -den lassen. Die Härte entspricht der von Hartmetallen, So liegen auch die Brechungsindizes höher als bei divalenten Gläsern. The high hardness of the glasses according to the invention is particularly striking, with which normal glasses can be easily cut. The hardness corresponds to that of hard metals, the refractive indices are also higher than with divalent glasses.
Von großem technischen Interesse ist geschäumtes, vzellulares tri- und tetravalentes Glas für Dichtungen, Isolationen, Filtermaterial, Satalysatorträger und dergl. Es bildet sich aus den Schmelzen bei Überschuß der flüchtigen Bestandteile wie N2, CO und CO2.Foamed, vcellular tri- and tetravalent glass for seals, insulation, filter material, catalyst carriers and the like. It is formed from the melts in excess of the volatile constituents like N2, CO and CO2.
Die Mischungsverhältnisse der tri- und tetravalenten Gläser mit den divalenten Gläsern können in weiten Grenzen liegen, sowohl Mischgläser mit kleinen Anteilen von divalenten Gläsern, wie auch Mischgläser mit großen Anteilen divalenter Gläser sind herstellbar. Die Löslichkeit unter einander ist lückenlos. The mixing ratios of the tri- and tetravalent glasses with the Divalent glasses can be within wide limits, both mixed glasses with small ones Proportions of divalent glasses, as well as mixed glasses with large proportions of divalent glasses Glasses can be produced. The solubility among each other is complete.
Beispiel 1 Man pulverisiert Scherben von Fensterglas soweit, daß sie bis zu 55 % Korngrößen unter 0, 075 mm haben, mischt 5 % Titanpulver unter 208 dazu, erhitzt bei Pulverschichtdicken von 25 mm und mehr auf 8750C, wobei das Titan unter Stickstoffaufnahme aus der Luft von der Glasschmelze vollständig unter Bildung eines bronzefarbenen Mischglases gelöst wird. Man erhält so ein geschäumtes zellulares Produkt, das bei weiterer Temperaturerhöhung zu einem blasenfreien Glas geläutert werden kann. Example 1 Shards of window glass are pulverized to such an extent that they have up to 55% grain sizes below 0.075 mm, mix 5% titanium powder below 208 in addition, heated with powder layer thicknesses of 25 mm and more to 8750C, with the titanium with nitrogen uptake from the air from the glass melt completely under formation a bronze-colored mixing glass is dissolved. A foamed cellular one is thus obtained Product that refines to a bubble-free glass when the temperature is further increased can be.
Beispiel 2 Man mischt zu Glaspulver aus Fensterglas in der Kugelmühle 5 % Titanpulver und 1 % Lampenruß und erhitzt auf 875°C. Example 2 The mixture is mixed to form powdered glass from window glass in a ball mill 5% titanium powder and 1% lamp black and heated to 875 ° C.
Es wird ein Produkt von tiefschwarzer Farbe, hohen Glanz und außerordentlicher Härte erhalten, mit dem man Fensterglas schneiden kann. Es läßt sich ebenfalls bei erhöhter Temperatur läutern. Ungeläutert und mit tberschuß von Ruß liegt es als Schaumglas vor.It becomes a product of deep black color, high gloss and extraordinary Preserved hardness that can be used to cut window glass. It can also be used Purify at an elevated temperature. It lies unrefined and with an excess of soot Foam glass in front.
Beispiel 3 Für die Herstellung eines Plättchens von hoher Härte zur Metallbearbeitung mischt man Titanpulver und Glaspulver im Gew.-Verhältnis 1:1 und füllt damit eine kleine Kastenform entsprechender Abmessungen und erhitzt auf 875°C. Man erhält ein hartes, bläschenfreies Plättchen, dessen Härte durch Zumischen von Lampenruß erhöht werden kann. Example 3 For the production of a platelet of high hardness for For metalworking, titanium powder and glass powder are mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 1 and It fills a small box shape of the appropriate dimensions and heats it to 875 ° C. A hard, bubble-free platelet is obtained, the hardness of which is obtained by adding Lamp soot can be increased.
Alle Produkte nach Beispiel 1 bis 3 müssen im Glasentspannungsofen bei 5000C entspannt werden. All products according to example 1 to 3 have to be put in the glass relaxation oven relaxed at 5000C.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19702034011 DE2034011A1 (en) | 1970-07-09 | 1970-07-09 | Tri-and tetravalent glasses - contg carbides or nitrides |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19702034011 DE2034011A1 (en) | 1970-07-09 | 1970-07-09 | Tri-and tetravalent glasses - contg carbides or nitrides |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2034011A1 true DE2034011A1 (en) | 1972-01-13 |
Family
ID=5776222
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19702034011 Pending DE2034011A1 (en) | 1970-07-09 | 1970-07-09 | Tri-and tetravalent glasses - contg carbides or nitrides |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2034011A1 (en) |
Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2391964A1 (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1978-12-22 | Corning Glass Works | Thermally crystallisable glass compsn. - contg. silica, alumina and nitrogen |
| US4141739A (en) * | 1977-10-20 | 1979-02-27 | Corning Glass Works | Oxynitride glass-ceramics |
| US5588977A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1996-12-31 | East West Trade Group, Inc. | Method of producing glass materials from ash-slag waste |
| WO2003011783A3 (en) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-07-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Method of making amorphous materials and ceramics |
| US6984261B2 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2006-01-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Use of ceramics in dental and orthodontic applications |
| US7141522B2 (en) | 2003-09-18 | 2006-11-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ceramics comprising Al2O3, Y2O3, ZrO2 and/or HfO2, and Nb2O5 and/or Ta2O5 and methods of making the same |
| US7141523B2 (en) | 2003-09-18 | 2006-11-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ceramics comprising Al2O3, REO, ZrO2 and/or HfO2, and Nb2O5 and/or Ta2O5 and methods of making the same |
| US7175786B2 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2007-02-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Methods of making Al2O3-SiO2 ceramics |
| US7179526B2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2007-02-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Plasma spraying |
| US7197896B2 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2007-04-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of making Al2O3-SiO2 ceramics |
| US7258707B2 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2007-08-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | AI2O3-La2O3-Y2O3-MgO ceramics, and methods of making the same |
| US7292766B2 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2007-11-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Use of glasses containing rare earth oxide, alumina, and zirconia and dopant in optical waveguides |
| US7297171B2 (en) | 2003-09-18 | 2007-11-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of making ceramics comprising Al2O3, REO, ZrO2 and/or HfO2 and Nb205 and/or Ta2O5 |
| US7332453B2 (en) | 2004-07-29 | 2008-02-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ceramics, and methods of making and using the same |
| US7497093B2 (en) | 2004-07-29 | 2009-03-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making ceramic articles |
| US7507268B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2009-03-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Al2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2/HfO2 materials, and methods of making and using the same |
| US7563294B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2009-07-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive particles and methods of making and using the same |
| US7563293B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2009-07-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Al2O3-rare earth oxide-ZrO2/HfO2 materials, and methods of making and using the same |
| US7625509B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2009-12-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making ceramic articles |
| US7662735B2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2010-02-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Ceramic fibers and composites comprising same |
| US7811496B2 (en) | 2003-02-05 | 2010-10-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of making ceramic particles |
| US8003217B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2011-08-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Metal oxide ceramic and method of making articles therewith |
-
1970
- 1970-07-09 DE DE19702034011 patent/DE2034011A1/en active Pending
Cited By (35)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2391964A1 (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1978-12-22 | Corning Glass Works | Thermally crystallisable glass compsn. - contg. silica, alumina and nitrogen |
| US4141739A (en) * | 1977-10-20 | 1979-02-27 | Corning Glass Works | Oxynitride glass-ceramics |
| US5588977A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1996-12-31 | East West Trade Group, Inc. | Method of producing glass materials from ash-slag waste |
| US5763341A (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1998-06-09 | East West Trade Group, Inc. | Materials produced from ash-slag waste |
| US7563294B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2009-07-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Abrasive particles and methods of making and using the same |
| US7168267B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2007-01-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making amorphous materials and ceramics |
| US8003217B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2011-08-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Metal oxide ceramic and method of making articles therewith |
| US7101819B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2006-09-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Alumina-zirconia, and methods of making and using the same |
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