DE1914554C3 - Method for sealing ground formations and civil engineering structures - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for sealing soil formations and civil engineering structures by introducing a flowable, solidifiable preparation containing compounds with isocyanate groups into the cavities to be sealed.

In conventional soil consolidation methods, injected by injection of chemical preparations get a chemical liquid that is immediately prior to injection by mixing two or more chemically reacting components was obtained, in the soil, initially the water in the soil cavities by the chemical Ge mixed is displaced and then by reaction of the various chemical components water-insoluble, solid masses "wipe" in the cavities the soil particles are formed, which remove water hold or consolidate the soil. This method however, has the disadvantage that the solidification reaction of the mixture begins from the point in time at which the various chemical components are mixed together. This solidification of the chemical mixture leads to a rapid increase in viscosity, with the mixture rapidly becoming a takes on a gel-like consistency. This leads to the formation of grafts at the outlets of the injection device in the soil, with the solid reaction product

ao prevents the unreacted liquid components from passing through. Thus, this method is flawed.

On the other hand, if one uses a chemical preparation that is slow to solidify, so it is Although it is possible to keep the increase in viscosity in the injection device low, the chemical preparation remains even after it has been reached treated soil area still thin. It is then diluted by the water present in the soil, so that the solidification is delayed even further and the injected chemical preparation occasionally through the groundwater is transported from the site to be treated to other sites, resulting in a complete failure of the injection.

Thus, in the conventional process, the chemical preparation used should have two fundamentally contradicting properties. she should namely on the one hand good flowability in the Have injection device, on the other hand, however quickly solidify at the area to be treated.

Because of this contradiction, the only known method of controlling the rate of solidification of the chemical liquid is to use the Speed of chemical reaction along to control the increasing time-viscosity curve, keeping the increase in viscosity as low as possible at the beginning of the injection, the viscosity but increases rapidly after a certain time. As the speed of the chemical reaction, however

so by a number of factors such as: B. on the ambient temperature, the concentration of the chemical preparation, the ratio of the chemical Components depends on each other and the like, the control is extremely difficult. This occurs in the

SS Praxis still have other complications, such as B. the different soil conditions, the performance of the injection device, the different experience of the operator and the like. Such a complicated procedure, moreover still requires a great deal of technical experience is for Working in places that are not visible, especially in the area where the working conditions are still difficult, is unsuitable. Even with building structures such. B. in construction from basements or tunnels, it can happen that groundwater through cracks in concrete walls or linings leaked. Conventionally, the water entry at such locations was in a

3 4

in a manner similar to that already described with a room that seals the similar chemical liquid described above. However, these disadvantages of previous methods were avoided or on method, similar to the above effective and cheap way,
described, inadequate. Even if it succeeded, the This task has now been solved by one

to solidify chemical liquid in the cracks, 5 the isocyanate preparation could only be found in the ground, however, a layer of water between the borrowed water was converted to solidify and the cavities were sealed with solidified preparation and the surface of the crack, releasing a gas,
do not avoid; this water now causes on It is preferred that the flowable preparation

any case contains poor contact between the surface-active agent,
solidified preparation and the crack surface. In addition, the flowable preparation advantageously contains the penetration of water into the also fine-grained solid particles as fillers,
According to a preferred embodiment of the

a reduction in strength, so that a good method according to the invention contains the flowable Sealing against water becomes impossible. Preparation of cement.

The German Auslegeschrift 1 129 894 relates to a 15 It is advantageous to work in such a way that the flow processes for sealing and solidifying a bare preparation a mixture of an isocyanate-verbingological Formations against water or gas, manure and a silane derivative as a reactive compound which contains a means used for the injections thinning agent.

is obtained by mixing an isocyanate compound. It is also advantageous that the flowable accessories

and an organic compound containing at least three 20 mixtures of an isoyanate compound, Has reactive OH groups and is able to use a silane derivative as a reactive diluent to react with the isocyanate compound, contains in medium and a fine-grain carbide powder, a liquid carrier. Obviously, another advantageous embodiment of the invents in the mixture thus produced a chemical inventive method consists in that one Reaction to form a cross-linked product 25 initially enters the voids of a soil with water the chemical grouping formation and then the flowable preparation into it

Allows cavities to penetrate, where it reacts with the previously added H O and

clear a solidified mass.
- N - C - O - 30 One can also proceed with advantage so that

the water to be added beforehand an accelerator

instead, which contains a seal against water or for solidification.

a consolidation of the soil formation can be achieved Another advantageous method of working, in particular,

target. In this case, the cross-linking reaction sets in if the flowable preparation detects fine-grained solids after mixing the two together contains 35 particles as fillers, consists in that, Components. Such a reaction is doubtful after the isocyanate preparation in the soil with an increase in the viscosity brought about by the not yet solidified preparation Mixing or possibly even pushing away with a liquid and then the flowable one Intended solidification within the injection preparation by reaction with water with formation device connected. 40 of a compacted, bowl-shaped or cell-shaped body

The Austrian patent specification 252134 relates to a pers solidified in the ground. Advantageously used Method of treating permeable masses, e.g. B. here as a liquid water. The water can of soil formations, with a solution according to a further advantageous embodiment resin-forming substance and an organometallic accelerator for the solidification reaction Keep in a suitable solvent.

puts the solution in the pore space. injected into the mass The method according to the invention is extraordinary

and leave the solution in the mass until a hard one, effective and can be carried out very easily,
crosslinked resin is formed, whereby one comes a liquid mixture of an isocyanate

Melallorganischs compound used, the at least compound and a silane compound with water in a to react with vtn particles of the to be treated so contact, which is in cavities in the ground or the mass suitable functional group and min- in components, so the mixture reacts with at least before the other to react with one of the grains of water, and the water-insoluble reaction product components of the resin-forming system or the functional group suitable for this purpose, with the help of the product formed during the reaction, serves to block the cavities. It keeps forming. Here, for example, silanes with amino functions, ie a solid mass, functions or epoxy functions, are used in the treated cavities. The spaces used in So can be clogged in a simple and effective manner, e.g. B. when sealing water-, organometallic compound has only the purpose of gas- and / or oil-permeable places in construction the bond between the soil grains and the and in soil formations, and it can also strengthen a gas-solidifying resin. As a result, the proportion of organometallic connec- tive components, 2. B. Gäsäausfall when drilling into natural waste in the solution is very low and is only about borrowed gas sources or natural gas sources, prevents 0.25 to a maximum of 1 percent by volume . will.

The invention is based on the object of using a liquid containing a tsocyanate

Method of sealing ground formations and connecting relatively high molecular building structures by introducing a flowable weight, it is by reaction with water solidifiable, compounds with isocyanate groups resulting reaction product very tough and a solid Preparation in the hollow body to be sealed with high mechanical strength; those with it

Occurring volatile substances are not toxic. Solids containing a high proportion of reactive isocyanate groups included are easily accessible; the isocyanate compound has only one disadvantage that it has a relatively high viscosity and therefore the penetration into soil or component cavities has great resistance and is difficult to inject.

According to the invention, it is therefore preferred to use a flowable mixture composed of an isocyanate compound and a derivative of a silane compound consists. This has the remarkable advantage that it uses the silane derivative as a solvent for the isocyanate compounds serves and reduces the viscosity, whereby the penetration into the cavities easier will. Although this silane derivative is a biological diluent, like the isocyanate compound, it undergoes the hydrolysis with the formation of a water-insoluble reaction product, which uiii da / .u serves to clog pores; is the reaction product resulting from the hydrolysis of the silane derivative Although brittle on its own, it can be a solid body of extremely high toughness and high compressive strength when it is present together with the gel produced by the reaction of the silane derivative with Water has been formed. According to the invention, cavities can be particularly durable in this way seal. If a flowable preparation according to the invention is used, it reacts when it is touched with water so quickly that the solid body that forms is not washed away by the flowing groundwater can be. When the silane derivative is hydrolyzed, it becomes a reactive gel to form a silicate gel Hydrogen-containing alcohol is formed, which reacts easily with the isocyanate compound, so is formed in particularly advantageously quickly a solid. This is described in more detail in Embodiment 3 below. This represents the most preferred Embodiment of the invention is. However, it is also possible to use an isocyanate compound alone to use.

The invention differs from the conventional process both in theory and in Practice in principle in the following points:

a) The chemical preparation used according to the invention only solidifies when it is applied Moisture meets.

b) It is particularly advantageous that in the inventive Use of the flowable preparation simultaneously with the formation of a solidified one Mass a gas is released. The gas pressure facilitates the automatic advance and penetration of the chemical preparation to the desired location. The solidified Mass is thus firmly bound to part or all of the surface of the cavity, thereby keeping water and oil out and preventing gas permeability; the flowable or Solidified mass is pressed into the cavities under the gas pressure, which completely plugged and sealed. This is the greatest advantage of the invention.

c) The flowable preparation, which solidifies on reaction with water, is before the meeting easily flowable with water. So it easily penetrates the cavities of the injected site Soil a.

d) When it comes into contact with water, a solid mass is formed without any dilution Water and its associated disturbances occur. The released gas displaces briefly excess groundwater. The effective solidification range becomes in the case of the present invention Procedure widely expanded by the gas bubble.

e) The mass is brought into a form that cannot be transported away by> o water, whereby the cavities of a soil formation are filled in such a way that water or oil is kept out, gas permeability is prevented and the soil is effectively consolidated.

f) Carrying out the process is very easy because of the rate of solidification is easy to control.

g) The flowable preparation used according to the invention reacts automatically at the points where water is to be kept or a solidification is required and seals this Turn off. As a result, the process can be carried out cheaply and efficiently without that special technical experience such as

are required in the conventional methods.

A very simple injection device is therefore sufficient to carry out the method according to the invention.

F i g. 1 shows a simplified side view of the method for soil consolidation according to the invention; F i g. Fig. 2 shows an injection tube for injecting the chemical preparation into the ground;

F i g. 3 and 5 show, enlarged and partially sectioned, injection nozzle parts of other injection devices;

F i g. 4 shows, partly in section, a handy injection device with which a chemical can be conveniently applied Inject preparation into the ground;

F i g. 6 shows in section a structure with water-permeable cracks which are sealed according to the invention can be;

F i g. 7 to 9 are sectional views showing the process stages in sealing water-permeable Show cracks;

13 shows in perspective a water protection wall of the usual type arranged in the ground;
14 shows, in perspective, partially sectioned, a liquid-tight Vrand which is arranged in the ground and which has been built according to the method according to the invention;

F i g. 15 shows, partly in section, only the solid mass of a solidified soil formation.

Preferred embodiment 1

The soil consolidation or sealing process is illustrated using an example in FIG. 1 and 2 shown; the

lower tube part 21 is of suitable length, has a sharp point 20 and many holes 22 as outlet openings for chemical preparation; the injection tube is, as shown for example in FIG. 1 shown is driven into the ground at a predetermined depth, the

to be solidified, e.g. B. the bottom 25, the Soil 24 is adjacent, which in turn is to be excavated; the head part 26 of the injection tube 23 is with the tank 27 for chemical preparation with

connected to a hose 28, the liquid preparation In the tank 27 is pressed into the injection tube 23 under static pressure, which is maintained by compressed air wirci supplied from an air compressor 29; so will the chemical preparation injected into the bottom 25 through the outlet holes 22.

When using a flowable chemical container, which reacts with water on contact and forms a water-insoluble, solidified mass and releases a gas, a water-insoluble, solidified lump of earth is automatically formed by the moisture that is in the soil around the the part 21 of the injection tube 23 having outlet openings is located, so that the floor information is sealed with cavities and the testicle is solidified. At the same time as the solidification of the wall, when the soil 24 is excavated, the leakage of water from the excavated construction pit can also be prevented by sealing the porous soil formations. Q ^: If the soil to be consolidated stretches strongly from top to bottom, the injection holes 22 on the injection tube 23 can be arranged in a corresponding length, or the chemical preparation can be injected in such a way that the injection tube 23 is gradually raised or lowered will.

If the flowable preparation to be used is liquid, it can easily and safely be converted into extremely small ones Penetrate cavities.

An isocyanate compound which corresponds to the general formula R - (NCO) _n or another group of isocyanate compounds which are produced by reaction of the mentioned isocyanate compounds with other compounds containing active hydrogen and the associated property of reactivity to water, These compounds can easily polymerize with groundwater to form a water-insoluble, high-polymer compound with the release of carbon dioxide gas.

In the above formula R - (NCO) _n , R denotes an organic group, such as an aliphatic and / or aromatic group; η means the number 2 or a larger number.

Examples of such isocyanates are: 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, a mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, crude toluene diisocyanate, Diphenylmethane ^^ diisocyanate, polyallylene polyisocyanate, m - phenylene diisocyanates, hexamethylene l, 6-diisocyanate, o-, m- and p-xylene diisocyanates, Methylene-bis-p-phenylene diisocyanate and polyallylene polyphenyl isocyanate; and prepolymers containing a terminal isocyanate group and by reaction an excess of these isocyanates initially mentioned above with active hydrogen containing compounds were obtained.

Examples of active hydrogen containing compounds, that can be used for the preparation of the prepolymers are water, alcohols, organic Acids, amines and the like; 2- and polyhydric alcohols are preferred, e.g. B. ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, glycerine, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol; as Rieinusö! and its derivatives and terminated polyethers Hydroxyl groups and polyester.

The polyethers mentioned with terminal hydroxyl groups are the addition polymerization products between low molecular weight compounds containing active hydrogen and alkylene oxides, and in this case, it is desirable to select low molecular compounds having two or more contain more active hydrogen atoms per molecule. Examples of such polyethers are the reaction products between one or more of the following, active hydrogen-containing compounds

fertilize: water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, Glycerine, trimethylolpropane, sorbitol, sucrose. Phosphoric acid, hypophosphorous acid, Orthophosphoric acid, phosphoric acid derivatives such as glycrophosphoric acid. Ammonia, ethylenediamine, di-

ethyl triamine, ethylene triamine or urea and the like, and one or more of the following alkylene oxides: ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 2,3-biilylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, Epichlorohydrin, styrene oxide and the like.

Examples of polyesters with terminal hydroxyl groups are the products that are polybasic by reaction organic acids are obtained with an excess of polyhydric alcohols; therefor Suitable polybasic acids are oxalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, Maleic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, tetrachlorophthalic acid, Trimellitic acid and the like; Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are suitable as polyhydric alcohols. Diethylene glycol, Dipropylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1.3.6-hexanetriol, glycerine, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane. Pentaerythritol, sorbitol and mixtures thereof. The polyesters can be made by adding small amounts of organic monobasic acids and monohydric alcohols are modified. Also are polyesters with terminal hydroxyl groups that obtained by polymerization of oxyacids, and lactone compounds are useful. As organic Acids can also all of the organic acids used to make the aforementioned Hydroxyl terminated polyesters are used; Polyester with terminal hydroxyl groups, those from the mentioned organic acids and raw materials for the production of the mentioned polyethers with terminal hydroxyl groups can also be used.

According to the invention, isocyanates are preferred which are in the liquid state, or when they are themselves are solid, dissolve in a solvent and then as a liquid under the conditions of use exist; in this form the isocyanates are just as suitable. It is also possible to adjust the viscosity the liquid with suitable solvents depending on the soil conditions at the area to be injected Position to maintain the viscosity required for working. In general a viscosity of 1 to 2000 cP is suitable, and an isocyanate group content of 2% and more is suitable desirable. The solvents used are those which do not react with the isocyanate group Groups and contain no water, e.g. B. aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, Ketones, esters, ethers and alkyl halides. Practical examples are benzene, toluene, xylene, acetone, methyl

ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, cellosolve acetate, Trichlorethylene, methylene chloride, dichlorobenzene and the like.

To adjust the speed of the reaction

the isocyanate compound with contained in the soil

809 641/67

1 914 564

ίο

Appropriate amount of catalysts and crosslinking agents can be added to water. All suitable catalysts which accelerate the reaction of known isocyanates with active hydrogen-containing compounds can be used as catalysts, e.g. B. triethylamine, N-methylmorpho-Hn, N-ethylmorpholine, N-cocomorpholine, dimethylbenzylamine, triethylenediamine, N, N-dimethyl-2-methylpiperazine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine and similar tertiary amines, or tin (II) chloride, dibutyltin dilaurate, Dibutyl tin oxide, tin (II) octate and other organic tin compounds. These catalysts can be used as a mixture or diluted with a suitable solvent, and they can be allowed to penetrate at the points of the soil which is to be treated according to the invention. Surfactants can be added to the isocyanate compounds in order to improve the contact of the isocyanate compound with water and to allow the reaction which occurs in the process to proceed uniformly or to control the stability of the bubbles of released carbon dioxide. Particularly suitable surface-active agents are non-ionic silicone types, which are useful for making the well-known urethane foam.

If the above described. If additives are added to the isocyanate compounds and the isocyanate compound is injected into the soil, the polymerization reaction begins at the moment when the isocyanate compound comes into contact with the water in the soil, and a water-insoluble, gel- like, highly polymeric solid mass is formed in the slots or cavities> betw. Interstices between the soil particles without the defects inherent in the conventional processes, which were explained at the beginning of the description, occurring. Rather, the soil is solidified with immediate effect and the seal is effected.

Isocyanate compounds generally release carbon dioxide when they come into contact with water

ίο come; the released carbon dioxide gas briefly displaces excess water in the vicinity of the part of the soil to be consolidated, which leads to the advantages of the invention already described.

The results of comparative tests are given below.

Attempt 1

A model floor is made from a layer of sand »° in which the hydraulic gradient is freely controlled can be. Comparative tests were carried out on this model floor under the conditions given in Table I. performed using four commercially available water-soluble chemical liquids and with an isocyanate-type prepolymer made from 70 parts by weight of a bifunctional urethane prepolymer from polypropylene glycol toluene diisoeyanate and 30 parts by weight of xylene as solvent and an addition of 0.1% (based on the total weight) surface-active Contains silicone type agents and 0.5% triethylamine as a catalyst.

Table I Conditions for Examples 1 to 3

example 1 Example 2 Example 3

Grain size of the soil sample

Soil sample porosity

Hydraulic gradient

Apparent water flow rate

True speed of water flow

Water permeability coefficient of the soil sample

Injection mass amount

Injection pressure

Injection time

Gel time

0.3 to 0.6 mm

40%

1.5

0.600 mm / sec

1.50 mm / sec

4.00 x 10 " ² cm / sec

300 ml

0.5 kg / cm ^a

20 to 40 see

60 ± 5 see

0.6 to 1.2 mm

38%

1.5

0.747 mm / sec

1.965 mm / sec

4.98 · 10- ² cm / sec

300 ml

0.5 kg / cm ²

20 to 40 see

60 ± 5 see

1.2 to 2.5 mm 37.5%

1.5

0.800 mm / sec

2.130 mm / sec

5.83 x 10 "cm / sec

300 ml

0.5 kg / cm »

20 to 40 see

60 ± 5 see

The results of the tests are given in Tables II to IV. The isocyanate-type prepolymer of the invention exhibited very effective solidifications of the model floor with a strong background current.

Table II Results of the first experiments

Kind of used Injection compound

Solidification volume

(cm ³ )

(Injection (Solidification effectiveness volume / injection Void volume / mass quantity) 100 Injection compounds amount) 100 ( ⁰ W (%) 629.0 251.6 124.0 49.6 171.7 68.7 134.0 53.6 153.3 fil, 3

Prepolymer isocyanate type

Acrylainidtvp

Water glass type

Urea-formaldehyde type

Chromium lignin type

1887
572
515
402
460

Table III Results of the second trials

12th

Type of use: «! Injection compound

Isocyanate-type prepolymer Acrylamide type Water glass type Rainstoff formaldehyde type Chromium lignin type

Attendance volume

1860

279

181

86

120

(Solidification volume / injection mass amount) ■ 100

(VJ

620.0 93.0 60.3 2S.7 40.0

(Injection

effectiveness

Void volume /

Injection compound

lot) ·

235.6 35.0 22.9 10.9 14.9

Table IV Results of the third trials

Type of injection device used

Isocyanate-type prepolymer Acrylamide type Water glass type, Urea formaldehyde type Chromium Iignin type

Solidification volume

1560 565 330 295 295

C solidification volume / injector mass amount) ■ 100

(Vt)

Attempt 2

A model floor formation of the sandwich type was produced in which one layer was sieved Sand with a grain size of 0.6 to 1.2 mm in diameter is arranged between an upper and lower impermeable clay layer. On this model comparison tests were carried out with the aim of making the sand layer watertight do. Under the conditions given in Table V below, four different conditions were found commercially available water-soluble chemical liquids and the isocyanate-type prepolymer of the invention was examined. The prepolymer used from Isocyanate type consisted of 70 parts by weight of a bifunctional urethane prepolymer from toluene diisocyanate-polypropylene glycol, 10 parts by weight of acetone and 20 parts by weight of xylene with the addition of 0.2% (based on the total weight) triethylenediamine as a catalyst.

520.0 183.3 110.0

98.3

98.3

Table V

(Injection effectiveness, cavity volume / injection mass amount)

197.6 71.6 41.8 37.7 37.7

Test conditions Soil sample porosity ... 38%

Hydraulic gradient 3.0

Apparent water flow rate 1.39 mm / sec

True water flow rate 3.66 mm / sec

Injection, 1-shot method Injection mass quantity 600 ml Injection pressure 0.5 kg / cm ¹ Injection time 15 to 30 seconds Gel time 45 seconds

The results of Run 2 are given in Table VI. Only when using the 'isocyanate-type prepolymer of the invention was that Degree of solidification such that flowing water is prevented with an efficiency of 100% could.

Table VI Results of Test 2 of the Waterproofing Seal

Kind of used
injection compound Solidification
voiumen
(cm·) (Solidification *
volume / injection
mass quantity) 100
(V.) (Injection*·
effectiveness
Void volume /
Injection Muses »
quantity) ■ ICX)
(V.) Effectiveness of the
Abhattens from
flying water
(V.) Vot polymer of the isocyanate type
Acrylamide type
Water glass type
Adhesive formaldehyde type
Chromium lignin type 4 750
washed away
washed away
760
555 7 917
126.7
92.5 300.8
48.1
35.2 100
7.15
17.4

13 I ₄

Waterproofing effectiveness = α - b '. , ..,, -

100, where a = water flow rate before embodiment 3

Injection, b = water flow rate according to the invention can be used as a chemical liquid

Injection is. a solution used by adding

If the gas-releasing compound used is a silane derivative of the metal carbide in embodiment 2 in the form of a very fine-grained general formula R _n - Si - R'u ») verse, this is as in the following Embodiment (in which R 'does not mean halogen) to an isocyanate form 2 is shown advantageously that the carbide forms a compound of the water-insoluble substances described in embodiment 1. benen general formula R - (NCO) ₁ , or to

i ° another isocyanate is produced which is produced by reaction of an isocyanate of the formula R - (NCO) _n

^Embodiment 2 with an active hydrogen containing compound

has been received. Since in this case the isocyanate compound and the silane derivative mutually

A liquid preparation is used which dissolve a 15 and mix with water to form a water-insoluble silane derivative the general formula lent solid gels react, one can by Ver

use of the silane derivative as a reactive dilution

R _n - Si - X (4-n) medium for the isocyanate compound different before

achieve parts. Because of their superior mechanical

and a small amount in the silane derivative suspen- contains fine-grained metal carbide. In the case of the merisale, the one terminal isocyanate according to the invention is advantageous Use of this liquid subgroup contain and by reaction between a In preparation, the liquid silane derivative reacts with a compound containing active hydrogen and water and hydrolyzed excess polyisocyanate has been produced at ambient temperature, with the formation of a water-insoluble gel-like 25 the one aromatic or aliphatic radical ent-silicon compound, and the fine-grained metal carbide holds. In addition, isocyanate compounds act on the does not put hydrocarbon gas in contact with water poisonous to the human body, but they do free. most of these isocyanate prepolymers have the disadvantage

In the formula R _n - Si - Xu »; R represents a _se hr to be viscous so that it only slightly in the hollow-alkyl or aryl group and X is an alkoxy group space ₃₀ can penetrate soil and components, or a halogen atom. _ It is therefore necessary to adjust the viscosity by adding

The fewer carbon atoms R described so as to set various organic solvents such as hydrolyzed rapidly in general, the silane derivative of Embodiment 1 to reduce, but and the better its fluidity, it therefore _w j _r d thereby inevitably also the concentration of effective under the invention applied 35 effective components are reduced. Can be used. but alkoxysilane compounds as solvents,

If X is a halogen atom, the application _W J _C tetraethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, dimethoxide of the silane derivative is limited to those cases in which silane and dipropoxysilane are not subject to the corrosion effect caused by the released hydrogen halide solvent when they come into contact with water _4O and form silicate gels with water. Therefore can can. these chemical preparations according to the invention

Silane derivatives in which X an alkoxy group can be used more effectively because they are useful solid are relatively cheap and do not contain any components in higher concentrations, corrosive substances free; on the other hand, they hydrolyze in the In addition, such alkoxysilane compounds set in the general slow. You must therefore the hydrolysis 45 hydrolysis alcohol free, which is advantageous in the accelerate. further conversion of the chemical preparation into

An effective acceleration is achieved by accelerating a solid mass because of the alcohol mixing a small amount of an organic acid containing active hydrogen and therefore with the or a suitable amount of alcohol in which the sodium isocyanate prepolymer reacts. Such a alcoholate is resolved. 50 mix liquid containing an alkoxysilane compound

In practice, alkoxysilanes are mostly yer dun ?, containing dilute isocyanate prepolymer, like tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane has a low viscosity and a better impact. Like. Compared to the cleaned products are urgent and yet the useful test contains the raw products with low hydrochloric acid content components in high concentration. By reac relatively cheap and hydrolyze rapidly, so that they j ₅ tion with the groundwater is at the same time suitable for practice. Formation of gas bubbles an inorganic silicate gel

As fine Metallcarbidverbindungen that so that the above-mentioned liquid are suspended can be obtained gel of very high mechanical strength among other things, calcium or magnesium _w j _r d in formed, which is embedded in polyurethane. Furthermore, the use of the alkoxy used in the version carbide and the like, which _{react with water e o} to form the cheaper isocyanate polymerizate, leads to the formation of acetylene gas. silane derivatives for higher profitability without

If one desires much gas foam, it may be the behavior of the chemical liquid verschlechdies by increasing the amount of these is tert in the liquid; rather, the behavior is improved,
achieve suspended fine-grain metal carbides. If you reduce the solvent silane derivative

Using calcium carbide so _6s share hydrolyzed with respect to the isocyanate compound, this "is to form calcium hydroxide, which in alkalinity reduced the hydrolysis of the silane derivative loading groundwater because of the development of gas by reaction with the, but is a fraction of | ]

quick !. 5 to 80 ⁿ / ₀ silane derivative is sufficient in practice. Around

in this case to accelerate the reaction with water, all the tertiary amines can act as a catalyst or organic metal compounds described in Embodiment 1 can be used.

The use of a preparation specified in claim 5 is advantageous because the hydrolysis reaction is accelerated by very fine-grain carbide powder.

In order to carry out the process in practice, one used in FIG. 3 shown kickback u » valve 33 at the outlet 32 of an injection tube 31 for injecting a chemical preparation, whereby the check valve shown prevents the following three possible breakdowns during the injection:

»5

a) A backflow of the chemical liquid in the injection tube due to a backward flow to the tank the chemical preparation directed pressure due to an artesian pressure of the groundwater,

b) a backflow of the chemical liquid due to an increase in ground pressure as a result of continuous injection of the chemical liquid,

c) a backward pressure of the isocyanate compounds injected into the soil released set gas.

In this way, the chemical preparation can be injected easily and effectively under any condition.

Furthermore, the force associated with the pressure of the gas that is formed by the injected chemical liquid can act on aera check valve and find resistance there, so that the injected chemical liquid is actively spread in the soil, the effective one against Water sealed and reinforced area is greatly enlarged.

The handy device shown in FIG. Injection device 40 shown in FIG. 4, in which an injection tube 38 is connected via a connection 37 to the pressure chamber 36 of the pump of the type of a hand-operated injection syringe 35. With the hand-driven piston 39, the _4S in the pressure chamber 36 of liquid chemical are injected under a suitable static pressure.

Here, too, it is desirable to incorporate a system _So that acts as a check valve as described above.

F i g. Figure 5 also illustrates a handy means for effectively practicing the method of the invention and shows an injection tube 45 having a open end 46 as an outlet; the edge part 48 jumps laterally over the injection tube 45 and is together with the cap 50, which is a sharply pointed End 49 located at outlet 46 of the injection tube; in this arrangement, the injection pipe 45 is buried in the ground to a predetermined depth driven, then pulled out a little, with the protruding edge portion 48 of the cap as a resistance acts so that the cap 50 is left at the point reached and the outlet 46 is opened. If the parts are pre-arranged in this way, the clogging of the outlet 46 with soil when the injection pipe is driven into the ground can be prevented be: this arrangement can also be used to distribute the injected liquid preparation in the horizontal direction.

If such a cap is provided with a backflow-preventing mechanical cap as described above Combined system, injections of chemical liquids can be carried out more safely and better.

The method is carried out according to the invention according to claim 2 or 3.

Embodiment 4

The method according to the invention can particularly luch when sealing cavities in construction, e.g. B. of cavities between concrete linings and the pending rock or earth material in tunnels, of cracks in basement outer walls or of cavities that are between a cement mortar plaster and building concrete can be applied. That way you can prevent water from seeping through these cavities. The example in F ϊ g. 6 shown Cracks 58 that have formed in the outer concrete wall 55, and the cavity 60 formed between the Exterior concrete wall and the cement mortar lining 59, causing groundwater from the outside to the inside can leak can be treated effectively.

The method according to the invention can also be used effectively in the case of leaky cracks in tunnel or water tank walls, as for example in FIG the F i g. 7, 8 and 9 is shown. One makes one at the crack 61, which is exposed on the forehead front V-shaped incision 62 and pours this, as in F i g. 8, with quick-setting mortar 63 then, as in FIG. 9, holes 64 are shown for injection of the chemical preparation at the go to the inside of the cracks, and then inject the required amount of chemical liquid or chemical liquid, which may contain water putty or other fine-grain solid particles, through the injection holes 64 by means of a hand operated piston pump or a simple piston device with a nozzle 65 which fits into the injection holes 64. Because of the gas released When internal pressure is exerted, the chemical liquid automatically fills the inside of the cracks of one to the other end to form the solid mass 66, so that the sealing or keeping out of water is achieved flawlessly.

The results are even more favorable if a mortar is used as the rapidly setting mortar 63, that by mixing the chemical injection liquid of the invention with a powdery or fine-grained material such as natural sand and ground sand, or with an active fine-grained one Powder, as obtained with water putty and water mortar,

This mortar binds without difficulty, even if there is water at the V-shaped incision 62 is located, and one can also choose between the inner surfaces of the V-shaped incision and the A good bond can be achieved with the mortar.

Because of the gas pressure coming from the inside of the mortar, the mortar is against the inside of the V-shaped incision, leaves no unbonded parts and gives an excellent one Filling and sealing. In contrast to this method according to the invention, in the case of the

different conventional processes are present of water during this work, the setting, also remain the result of the injected chemical preparation solidified masses formed not only within the cavities or components and the ground, but they can also be spread around the cavities, thereby keeping out water becomes more effective. Another method can be used to create water-permeable cracks in components be sealed, that the wall surface with the cracks somewhat chopped off and at this point the A solidifying preparation is applied and the area is filled or filled. This method is particularly suitable in the places where cracks are in the shape of a single line and not clear can be seen, and in places where water seeps through.

The following method of the invention is also suitable for sealing water:

The chemical preparation already described is made with sand, glass powder, carbon powder or other Powder or fine-grained inert material or with an active material such as cement mortar to one dough-like, rapidly setting mortar mixed. This rapidly setting mortar is used to keep water away in the in F i g. 8 is used. One sets thereby the mixture of the chemical liquid a small amount of water, a good consolidation of the solid masses is achieved, with the addition, which lay 13 m below the groundwater level on a sandy-pebbly mountain layer. The crack was about 1 mm wide and about 3.5 m long and let pro Minute about 1501 water through it. To seal this leak against the seepage of Pressurized groundwater made three holes in the foundation slab along the crack drilled at approximately equal intervals; An injection tube was inserted into each drilled hole, the with a tapered cap, as in FIG. 5, and an anti-backflow mechanism, as in Fig. 3 shown was equipped. The injection tube was inserted so far that the pointed Cap about 20 cm below the foundation

, ₅ plate came to rest in the ground; about 80 liters of chemical liquid containing an isocyanate-type prepolymer was injected through each injection tube.

About 10% of the total occurred as a result of the injection of the injected chemical liquid from the gap and flowed over the foundation slab while most of the preparation filled the crevice and soil below and solidified; the Water seepage through the gap decreased to about 21 / min.

In addition, a partial V-shaped incision was made where the seal was still imperfect made, and as in FIG. 9, holes for chemical liquid injection are shown and drilled around the V-shaped incision

set amount of catalyst is _{matched to the desired ab- 3O} located places with fast-setting mortar binding speed. So filled with; Since there is sufficient water through these holes for a total of the inner surfaces of the V-shaped sipe, it is desirable to spray water beforehand.

Since it takes a long time for the leakage water to react with the front surface of the filled preparation, the plasticity suitable for filling remains long enough, so that this has the advantage that there is enough time to clean the processed surface and with the unprocessed, ₄ "giving surfaces to close flush.

The above-mentioned additives to the chemical liquid result in a dough-like mixture get that applied like cement mortar

becomes, but leads to a result that with cement- ₄₅ water; after mixing the Kompomörte] was not achieved; Whether the sealing material can be used, the mortar can be handled and stored in a desirable way for working and sealing, or whether it is used directly for sealing, it is always possible for the water to pass through

of 11 of the chemical liquid that make up the prepolymer of the isocyanate type, with a simple hand operated injection pump as in FIG F i g. 4, the seepage of water through the crack stopped completely. The one here used chemical liquid containing an isocyanate type prepolymer was the same as that was used in Experiment 2 of Embodiment 1; the fast-setting one used for filling Mortar consisted of 1 part by weight of this isocyanate-type prepolymer, 3 parts by weight of sieved River sand with an average grain size of 0.1 to 0.3 mm in diameter and 0.4 parts

Embodiment 5

immediate solidification of the filling material off hold ₅ ".

Since the chemical liquid polymerises when it comes into contact with water and at the same time releases gas it is understandable in view of the preceding explanation that an accurate and effective sealing must be achieved against water.

The method according to the invention can not only be used at watertight points in components located in the ground can also be used for water tank walls, retaining walls, slope surfaces and the like

The following experiment illustrates the method of sealing against water.

attempt

3 years and 5 lunates after construction, cracks appeared in the foundation slab of a reinforced concrete building. The method of the invention can also be used for the construction of structures located in the ground, which can be used effectively as water-repellent walls. In the case of a water-blocking wall constructed by a conventional injection method in the form of a continuous series of piles which, as shown in FIG. 13 shows consist of solidified soil that actually effective for the holding of water zone 1st the Zjne 95 shown hatched, and the non-hatched area 96 is helped build nut for convenience, but is not functionally necessary. The chemical preparations used in zone 96 are thus wasted. In order to reduce the amount of chemical preparations used, the waste

6 _S stood the Injeküonsrohre and at the same time the radius of the pile-shaped solidified earth. In this case, however, the number of the injection pipes 97 must be increased, so that the economic disadvantage is not avoided

t 914554

can be. If you reduce the radius of the pole-shaped solidified earth, the driven-in injection pipes 97 tend when building a water-repellent Wall of great depth causes it to move out of position, causing difficulties in the construction of a continuous water-repelling wall.

If, on the other hand a chemical Injektionsfliissigkeit which forms upon contact with water a water-insoluble solid mass and at the same gas _free-LN, so is the formation of clods zcllcnartigen solidified possible. In this case, the chemical injection liquid is first injected through the injection tube into the testicle and then injected before the chemical preparation reacts by reacting with water in the cavities of the soil to form a gel, as long as the :: rr 7: ·. ' .: rrt *. H.-r rhrr

holding an appropriate amount of water or other liquid through the same injection tube. This _a o method is claimed in claims 8 and 9. In this two-step process, the chemical preparation injected first is pushed to the points remote from the outlet openings of the injection tube by the injection of the second liquid; In this way it is possible to form cell-like solidified clumps of earth in the soil, in which the interior is not solidified. In this case, since the inner part of the solidified lump of earth has not come into contact with the water in the voids of the ground, the solidification of the inner part is delayed. If, however, water is used as the liquid injected later, this has the advantage of rapid solidification, since while the outside of the cell-like solidified lump of earth comes into contact with the water in the cavities of the ground, the inner part of the lump of earth comes into contact with the later injected water comes into contact so that both the inside and the outside of the solidified lump of earth are in contact with water. If a small amount of a catalyst is added to the water used as the second injection liquid. which accelerates the chemical reaction of the injected chemical liquid with the water, the solidification of the lump of earth is accelerated from the inside. The reaction between the chemical preparation and the later injected water releases carbon dioxide gas, and the chemical preparation injected first is automatically pushed outside by the pressure exerted by the gas, so that the solidification zone is enlarged without additional work and excellent results are obtained.

For the formation of mechanically strong, solidified lumps of earth or for keeping or sealing off against groundwater is generally a chemical injection fluid, the compounds of the isocyanate type contains, superior to conventional chemical injection preparations commonly used. The invention opens up by making use of the characteristics inherent in isocyanate-type compounds a way to a rational, economical and cheap process.

F i g. 14 shows, in perspective and partially in section, a liquid-tightness located in the ground Wall built according to a multi-stage grouting process in which grouting work was repeated in a vertical direction, one behind the other, cell-like solidified lumps of earth 98 and thus continuously a pile-shaped one solidified lump of earth 99 was formed. If you connect these pile-shaped, consolidated clods of earth 99 in the horizontal direction, a wall 100 of honeycomb-like construction results.

During the injection, the chemical preparation is advanced and formed because of the gas formation a widespread solidified lump of earth, as described in detail below.

In this liquid-tight wall, the in F i g. 14, zones 101 and 102 marked with horizontally extending dashed lines represent a double wall which seals against liquid more effectively. The front and back zone 101 and 102 of the continuous liquid-tight wall are mutually ⁿⁱ at the Zo? 'Π.1 connected so that the wall is very strong and can be used as an in-ground liquid-tight wall with high reliability.

As a curved, bowl-shaped solidified one Lump of earth is present and the shell-like part of it contains the soil parts that make up the soil, the amount of solidifying material can be kept very small.

In this arrangement, the invention, Components located in the ground are very effective in increasing the load-bearing capacity of the ground (in the case of vertical and horizontal loads).

In the method described for building components located in the ground, one preferably uses as a liquid that pushes and spreads the chemical preparation, one that solidifies it accelerates chemical preparation. Even if as a liquid that squeezes the chemical preparation and spreads, a liquid other than water is used, so can this liquid and the chemical Preparations can be conveniently fed separately by attaching two tubes to the injection tube 97 are connected in such a way that they are alternately connected to the injection tube 97 via a valve are.

attempt

For the construction of a sewer, a tunnel was to be built under a road using the shield tunneling method a shield with a diameter of 3 m. The tunnel should be in a water-containing, crack-prone, sandy layer. In order to seal and solidify this layer, a Test carried out in which a honeycomb-like floor structure was formed from contiguous cell-like solidified clumps of earth existed. In this experiment, instead of the Soil that was in front of the shield in the direction of the shield drive, injection pipes at a distance of 80 cm driven into the ground in a grid-like pattern. Using these injection tubes, in In a multi-step process, injections were carried out one after the other, and one in the ground was thus achieved honeycomb-like structure formed, which extended over the space hollowed out during the shield drive and from coherent, witness-like solidified lumps of earth, as shown in FIG. 15 shows consisted. The vertical one The distance between each step was 1.2 m. 401 chemical liquids were initially injected,

21 22

which contained a prepolymer of isocyanate glycol. kimg up and made the shield drive extremely safe

Immediately afterwards, 50 l of water went through and lightly. The chemical used in this lall

the same injection tube was injected, around which the injection liquid initially consisted of 70 parts by weight

injected chemical preparation by pressing in modified bifunctional urethane prepolymer

to expand another area; the same work was carried out on polypropylene glycol - toluene diisocyanate.

was repeated at each stage and so were modified with hydrocarbon resin. and as a

granular, solidified lumps of earth in a vertical thickness of 30 parts by weight of xylene; the isocyanal

Directional and perpendicular to each other. content 18.5% and the viscosity was at 20 ⁰ C

horizontal directions linked together. 16.7 cP. 0.5 "/ '" (related to this mixture

The honeycomb bodc structure thus formed accounts for the total amount of triethylamine as the reaction

strengthened the cutting resulting from shield driving - added accelerating catalyst. That after

surfaces and pointed a suitable wedge. that of injecting the chemical preparation

did not cause any difficulties when driving the shield. Water was ordinary fresh water. the 0.1 "/"

and a completely water-proofing we- triethylamine as llärtungshcschleimiger / ugcset / l was.

In addition 5 sheets of drawings

Supplementary sheet to patent specification No. 19 14 554

AI. C 09 K size 17/00 issued on April 2nd, 87

The patent 19 14 554 is by final judgment of the Federal Court of Justice of 14.10.1986 partially declared null and void:

In claim 1 the words "and civil engineering"
painted.

Claims (10)

Patent claims: 1, method of sealing ground formations. by introducing a flowable, solidifiable preparation containing compounds with isocyanate groups into the cavities to be sealed, characterized in that the isocyanate preparation is only applied when it is in the ground Reacts water with solidification and seals the cavities with the release of a gas. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flowable preparation contains surface-active agents. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flowable preparation is fine-grained Contains solid particles as fillers. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flowable preparation is cement contains. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flowable preparation is a mixture of an isocyanate compound and a silane derivative as a reactive «diluent contains. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the flowable preparation is a mixture of an isocyanate compound, a silane derivative as a reactive diluent urd a fine-grained Contains carbide powder. 7. The method according to claim I, characterized in that water is first allowed to penetrate into the cavities of a soil formation and then the flowable preparation into these cavities, where it reacts with the previously added water and thereby forms a solidified mass in the cavities. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the water to be added beforehand Contains accelerators for solidification. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after the isocyanate preparation has been introduced into the soil, the still pushes away non-solidified preparation with a liquid and then the flowable preparation by reaction with water to form a compacted, bowl-shaped or cell-shaped body solidified in the ground. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the liquid is water.