DE19956926A1 - Textile surfaces based on tear fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a two- or multilayer composite or laminar material that consists of at least one film layer and one textile fiber layer linked therewith in a non-positive and positive fit that has a velour-like character. The fiber surface of said material is obtained by separating a fiber layer in its horizontal mid-area that runs parallel to the film surface and whose fibers have a native or synthetic origin with an initial fiber length of less than 0,1 mm to more than 400.000 m.

Description

The functional characteristics of the outer shells of personal hygiene products such. B. baby diapers, sanitary napkins, panty liners, incontinence products, etc. is organized according to the following priorities:

• a) Tightness against the penetration of the liquids from the inside outward,
• b) maximum possible comfort in terms of fit compared to the movement body, regarding water vapor permeability and
• c) convincing textile appearance with regard to the presence of Fibers with surface structure and volume (compressibility) or prevention of plastic impression.

For these reasons mentioned above, the previous ones are increasingly used today Films preferably based on polyethylene or polypropylene by so-called "textile backsheets ". These composites using water vapor permeable or not water vapor permeable films in Combination with fiber fabrics, preferably based on nonwovens.

The above-mentioned textile backsheet composites can be divided into the following groups with regard to the foils used and the fiber flat structures used:

• 1. Products with non-water vapor permeable films that, for. B. by inline Extrusion and lamination of the still hot film melt, or through Thermobonding, or by gluing with the simultaneous use of Adhesives with in turn prefabricated or manufactured in situ Fiber fabrics of the product groups fabrics, knitted fabrics, scrims, dry laid staple fiber fleeces (dry laid), spunbonded fabrics (spunbond), meltblown (MB), aerodynamically laid staple fiber nonwovens, hydrodynamically laid Staple fiber fleeces, hydrodynamically perforated dry laid nonwovens, u. a. m. force- and were positively connected.
• 2. Products with water vapor permeable foils with a microporous structure, AFTER the production of the microporous structure of the film with the same z. B. by Thermobonding non-positively and positively with the various mentioned under 1.) Fiber sheets have been connected or those in which the Connection process of the two-layer composites BEFORE the representation of the The microporous structure of the foils takes place and the fibrous sheet-like structures serve this purpose go through the necessary process step together with the film.
• 3. Products with water vapor permeable films based on hydrofiler polymers such as B. polyurethane, polyester, polyamide and their copolymers, isomers, Homologues in which the moisture is transported from the inside to the outside  Chemistry occurs through absorption / desorption, essentially via inline Extrusion and lamination of the still hot film melt or via gluing with simultaneous full or partial use of adhesive, preferably hydrofiler Adhesive with the fiber sheet structures mentioned under 1 non-positively and positively connected.
• 4. Products without the simultaneous use of foils, in which at least two different fiber sheet structures of very different porosity or Hydrophobicity or oleophobia via thermobonding, Ultrasonic welding or bonding so that they are non-positive and positive connected that they mechanically-technologically the level of film Achieve composites that are highly permeable to air and water vapor and have limited water resistance at a medium level.

All of the above-mentioned fiber fabrics are usually produced using the following fiber provenances:

• a) native fibers of finite length such. B. Cotton u. Ä.
• b) semi-synthetic and fully synthetic, cold-drawn staple fibers with finite length and medium to high crystallinity, the length of which depends on Processing processes between a few millimeters up to approx. 100 Millimeters or slightly above it
• c) Endless filaments that are cold drawn and medium to high Possess crystallinity (filament yarns, spunbonded nonwovens)
• d) hot drawn fibers (meltblown) with low crystallinity and Fiber lengths that are between one and four powers of ten higher than that under b staple fibers.

The polymer base as such plays no or for the approach sought here only minor role.

In a further consideration, it is assumed that all the fiber fabrics intended for the above-mentioned use for the purpose of a competitive price structure in the market of textile backsheets are on the one hand as light as possible on the one hand, but on the other hand also a sufficiently high and weight-dependent cohesive behavior of the unconsolidated ones for the manufacturing and processing processes or also have to have solidified fibers with each other and thirdly has to take sufficient account of the convincing "textile impression" required in the end product. The latter in turn depends on the one hand on the m ² weight of the fibers used and the geometric fiber orientations themselves relative to the film surface of the composite.

The conflicting requirements in accordance with the aforementioned priorities have inevitably shown unsatisfactory solutions from a cost and market point of view. This takes into account in particular the fact that regardless of the fiber processing processes, all efforts to produce a voluminous and lightweight fiber substrate with visually and tactilely convincing textile properties are destroyed at the latest when fiber substrates are exposed to the simultaneous application of temperature, pressure and time in the process of connecting the foils are so damaged or deformed that all fibers are essentially parallel or horizontal to the film surface. Thus, some essential factors for the identification of the created surfaces with regard to a convincing textile behavior are missing, namely
Volume of the fiber composite,
Structure or fiber layer angle of the fiber material relative to the film surface, and
Compressibility.

The result of this consideration is that the weight fractions of the fiber used in such composites are disproportionately high compared to the triggering effect. There are about 45% of non-water-permeable (fully covered with fibers) textile backsheets with a total weight of 35-45 g / m ² and approximately 50% water-vapor permeable (fully covered with fibers) textile backsheets with a total weight of 40-50 g / m ² 30% from spun fibers. This corresponds to effective fiber weights in the finished product of 12.00-20.25 g / m ² .

Against this background, it is one of the most essential due diligence requirements of the Praktikers, the fiber systems and fiber quantities used are as perfect as ever possible mechanical-technological damage to the finished textile backsheet to convict. A targeted acceptance of specifically specified Damage quotients regarding the factors of crystallinity and / or tearing of the Fibers with shorter fiber lengths than those used are for the reasoning of the affected practitioners for obvious reasons alien and atypical.

To deal with this problem, alternative textile backsheet products and processes for their production are described in DE 197 16 263 A1, in which no spun fibers, as mentioned above, are used to produce a textile surface. Rather, the group of alternatively described films is loaded on one side with polymers of at least 0.5 g / m ² and immediately thereafter this polymer layer is brought into contact with a second surface briefly and over the entire area. The film is then separated from the opposite surface again, and the applied polymer layer can be torn apart to a fibril structure of about 1 mm in length when the glass transition temperature is reached. Since after this step there is no need for further treatments of the textile backsheet produced in this way with the simultaneous application of temperature, pressure and time, a convincing, velor-like, textile character of the surface is achieved.

The object of the present invention is to present water vapor-permeable and / or non-water vapor-permeable fiber-film composites with convincing textile surfaces, in which spun or native fibers are used, the longitudinal orientation of the fibers preferably perpendicular or at an angle of approx. 90 ° to the film plane, the fiber ends are longer than 1 mm and the fiber weight is <10 g / m ² .

The solution to this problem was solved in a surprising and, for the handling of the fiber technologists, way, by

• a) very low-weight nonwoven fabrics with spun, hot drawn and very low crystallinity fibers with diameters between 0.1 / 1000 and 15/1000 mm (0.1-15 microns) with weights of not more than 24 g / m ² , or
• b) low-weight dry-laid, aerodynamically-laid or hydrodynamically-laid staple fiber nonwovens using commercially available and cold-stretched or warm-stretched staple fibers on a fully synthetic, semi-synthetic or native basis with fiber lengths between approx. 5 and approx. 100 mm and weights between 5 and 24 g / m ² , or but
• c) low-weight pulp made with paper technology and Fiber lengths from 0.1 to 5 mm containing and / or semi-synthetic or fully synthetic Fibers with staple lengths of 0.1 to 10 mm containing fiber composite systems

on both sides with suitable foils non-positively and positively over the whole or in part were connected and the three-layer film-fiber-film composite thus produced after falling below temperatures of approx. 30 ° C. in the outlet area of a Roll pair is separated in the middle, using two congruent looking materials consisting of film and fiber surface. In this process especially the one typical for unconsolidated or only slightly consolidated fiber composites low gap strength used to tear apart the fiber composite in the middle and thereby creating surfaces with fiber orientations that are essentially vertical or at an angle of 65-115 ° relative to the course of the film surface are arranged.

For its part, the separation process cannot be compared to the production of so-called Cut velours from the textile industry, in their manufacture from loop fabrics or double fabrics, the yarn structure provided for this purpose by means of full or partial area effective tension knife for full or partial velor, high quality fabrics is cut open and either a tissue is created or two congruent ones Tissues arise.

The separation and tearing process described here rather takes place without simultaneous Use of mechanically effective separation media and only in statistically effective ones Way in that the adhesion between the two outer films and the associated outer layers of the middle fiber composites is larger than that of Separation process applied forces to overcome the cohesion and / or Peeling forces of the middle layer of the fiber composite.

The so produced and in the broadest sense similar to a velor structure Textile surfaces can be unmodified over their entire surface. H. without further Deformation effects from the application of pressure, temperature and time (e.g. full-surface calendering, laminating, pressing, etc.) are retained and up to End use of a baby diaper for example. That is new compared to the commercially available products on the market.

It has also been shown that one following the separation and tearing process Application of so-called overprinting structures with e.g. B. engraved sufficiently deep or etched embossing rollers the already convincing textile character of the so manufactured fiber surfaces even more with textile surface attributes can provide. Structural courses of fabrics, knitted fabrics,  Knitwear, known from the consolidation philosophy of the thermobonding pattern High-low structures, moiree effects known from the textile industry u. a. m. while maintaining the fiber orientation angle of 65-115 ° in preferred pattern areas of the product surface and transferred via thermal and / or mechanical influences in the fiber base area or on the film surface fixed.

The low crystallinity of the hot drawn fiber systems leads to specific ones Fiber strengths of 5-40% of those for cold drawn fibers of provenance Spunbond fibers or staple fibers are common. The fiber strengths are in g / dtex between 0.05 and 0.8 g. The elongations at break of these fiber systems are also significantly below those of the cold-drawn fibers of the provenances Spunbond fibers or staple fibers. They are between 8 and 50% of those Fiber composites at 5-20%, while spunbond fibers or staple fibers for the Areas of application Hygiene products usually between approx. 50 and <300% lie.

When using cold or warm drawn staple fiber or spunbond systems primarily affects the low cohesive behavior of the fiber composites in the Middle of the geometric thickness of the material or in the case of minor consolidated (preferably thermally consolidated) fiber composites through Influences of temperature and mechanical influences of crystallinity Changes in accordance with the existing legalities of the used Pattern geometry.

When using paper-like materials, care must be taken that the process the mechanical or chemical solidification in the composite as low as possible takes place so that a central separation of the fiber composite with simultaneous use the low cohesive forces after double-sided lamination over the entire area of the composite remains guaranteed.

During the separation process, it has been shown that the tearing of the fiber composite runs more perfectly the lower the m ² weight of the fiber system between the two foils. Of course, taking into account the required covering behavior of the film surfaces by the remaining fiber substrate after the separation process, minimum weights of approximately 1.0 g / m ^{2 are} required. The upper weight limit essentially depends

• - on the one hand according to the required fiber length after the tearing process and
• - on the other hand after any used and in the sense of a positive and positive in Regarding the two outer films that have become effective Application of thermal bonding, ultrasonic bonding, or similar techniques the process of connecting the three elements involved, film-fiber-film.

The two-sided, partial or full-surface connection of the fibers or of the fiber composite with the two foils arranged on the two surfaces of the same with the simultaneous use of suitable plastic melts, hot-melt adhesives, dispersion adhesives, organosol-based adhesives, and two- or multi-component adhesives has also proved convincing Shown form as a way to not only bring about a non-positive and positive connection of the three levels, but also to guarantee the visual coverage of the film surface by fibers on the one hand and on the other hand to be able to influence the length of the resulting fiber length in the process of tearing in such a way that velor Composites with pile heights of preferably <1 mm and <4 mm are created. The amount of adhesive used is between 0.1 g / m ² and 5.0 g / m ² per side.

The ones used to make the fiber-film composites are not Water vapor permeable films can be wholly, partially or in mixtures of the olefinic polymers of the genera polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, and Polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene butyl acetate, EMA, EBA, crystalline or amorphous fillers on an inorganic or organic basis, and surface active processing aids as well as stabilizers and coloring substances exist.

The water vapor-permeable films used to produce the fiber-film composites can alternatively be produced according to the following patents or in a manner known per se:
US 5,176,953 from Amoco
No. 4,758,239 from Kimberly-Clark
US 5,317,035 from Amoco
US 5,405,887 from Mitsui
US 5,362,553 from Tetratec Corp.
US 4,761,324 from Rautenberg
DE 36 19 644 A1 Prof. Zhang, Shanghai
EP 418 369 A1 / US 4,975,469 from Amoco
WO 9609165 from Exxon
WO 9639031 from Kimberly Clark
US 5,422,377 by Sandia Corp.
US 5,236,963 from Amoco
EP 492 942 A2 from Amoco
EP 470 633 A2 from Ube Industries
WO 9112132 A1 from WL Gore and Ass.
US 4,994,335 from Ube Industries
EP 378 346 A2 from Hoechst Celanese
EP 365 111 A2 from Minnesota Mining
EP 352 802 A2 from Hercules
EP 283 920 A2 from Hercules
JP 08324096 from Toyo Boseki
JP 08302048 from Toyo Boseki
JP 08080684 the Oji Yuka Goseishi Kk
JP 07207072 of Tokuyama
JP 06096753 from Asahi Chemical Ind.
JP 06071766 by Kagawa Seiji
CN 1062357 of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Inst. Of Chem.
JP 03168229 of Idemitsu Petrochem.Co.
Minnesota Mining EP 365112
JP 01201342 by Toray Industries
BR 8806398 of Minnesota Mining
JP 01223136 from Toray Industries
JP 01081831 of Tokuyama Soda
JP 01054042 of Tokuyama Soda
JP 63210144 of Tokuyama Soda
JP 63108041 of Tokuyama Soda
JP 62297130 by Kohjin Co.

It goes without saying that the films are produced according to other not mentioned here Patents possible or the production of water vapor permeable films based on hydrofilic polymers as mentioned in known per se Method.

For the production of hot-drawn fibers or fiber composites with lower All polyolefinic homologs of the polyethylene series Polypropylene, polybutylene, their isomers, their copolymers, block polymers, block Copolymers, EMA, EBA, polyacrylates, polyesters, polyether block amides, polyamides as well as their homologs, isomers, copolymers, block polymers and block copolymers be used.

The fibers are produced in a conventional manner by means of the so-called meltblown technology, or fiber-spinning hotmelt application techniques such as. B. DYNAFIBER from Dynatec, rotary or centrifugal casting spinning techniques, conventional processes for the production of filaments, staple fibers etc. or else one uses the resources for native fibers, cellulose etc. This is preferably done in such a way that the production of the fiber Compound of <2 g / m ^{2 takes place} in situ with the delivery of two film webs, which in turn are prepared in the manner described above for the connection with the fiber structure in a three-way arrangement, the amount of fiber is fed in the middle between the two films and the connection process z . B. between two rollers with the simultaneous application of pressure and temperature or cooling. The application of temperature or cooling in this case depends on whether e.g. B. to be worked with thermobonding or with adhesive.

In the outlet nip of this pair of rollers or in the outlet nip of a downstream one or further pair of rollers or in the procedure according to DE 197 16 263 A1 is then the separation of the middle class with simultaneous application of Temperatures below the recrystallization point of the fibers and if necessary using vacuum on the separating rollers while forming the two congruent textile composites.

The polymers or adhesives or hotmelts intended for the connection of non-water vapor permeable foils to the fiber substrate can belong to the following types of raw materials:

• 1. polyolefinic or non-polyolefinic, preferably thermoplastic Polymers with the raw materials for the production of the film group itself can be identical or by coordinating the processing  Viscosity set to a level between 3,500 cps or 120,000 cps were.
• 2. EVA, polyethylene wax, synthetic resins, alone or in combination with one or more polymers of the aforementioned group 1 with processing Viscosities between 3,500 cps and 80,400 cps.
• 3. Hydrofile polymers such as B. polyurethanes, polyesters, polyether block amides, Polyamides, their copolymers, their homologs and isomers with Processing viscosities between 3,500 and 80,000 cps.

The polymers or adhesives or hotmelts provided for the connection of water vapor permeable films to the fiber substrate can belong to the following types of raw materials:

• 1. Hydrofile polymers such as B. polyurethanes, polyesters, polyether block amides, Polyamides, their copolymers, their homologues and isomers alone or in a mixture with EVA, polyethylene waxes and synthetic resins Processing viscosities of 1,500 and 80,000 cps.

Embodiment 1 See drawing I.

Two micoporous film webs (A1 + A2) of the same provenance with a weight of 33 g / m ² and a density of sd = 1.32, were produced according to US Pat. No. 4,777,473, one coming from the left, the other coming from the right inserted into a horizontally arranged two-roll calender system from top to bottom. Immediately before entering the nip, both foils were completely covered on their inner contact surfaces for the fiber system using a so-called slot nozzle application technology from Inatec GmbH, Leverkusen, with a polyurethane hot melt from Henkel KgaA, Düsseldorf, called Macroplast QR 5120 (One-component polyurethane) with a processing viscosity of approx. 20,000 cps. and an order quantity of 1.5 g / side applied (C1 + C2). The melt temperature of the hot melt in the application head was between 160 and 165 ° C.

A prefabricated, unconsolidated PP meltblown fleece (B) with a weight per unit area of 8.6 g / m ² and an average fiber diameter of 3.5 / 1000 mm was inserted vertically in the middle of this prepared and provided with adhesive film feed gap and with the simultaneous use of a Line pressure of 50 dN / m roller width with a cooling water outlet temperature of the laminating rollers of 27 ° C and a driving speed of 150 m / min. glued to the inside of the films to form the three-layer film-MB-film composites in the first stage and wound up in the usual way.

In a second stage of the process, the so produced was after 48 hours three-layer composite by continuous unwinding from the roll in one Roll gap with surface temperatures of 18-24 ° C and a contact pressure of 50 dN / m roll width was drawn in and then the three-layer composite in the outlet nip  initially by hand in two two-layer textile composites (AF1 + AF2) consisting of each separated from a film and a textile surface structure, both Separation products in a deduction and Winding unit introduced and the separation and winding process continuous operated progressively. The rolls joined to each other in the separation gap were in the Outfeed from the separate two-layer composites with a roll wrap of 120 ° looped and both lanes with a lead of 4% over the The peripheral speed of the pair of rollers itself is wound up by the winding units.

The final weight of the textile backsheet thus produced was 36.2 g / m ² . The protruding fiber ends formed an average pile height of 1.8 mm. The water vapor permeability of the product as measured by the gravimetric method DIN was 1800 g / m ^2/24 hours.

Embodiment 2

Two commercially available, non-water vapor permeable, modified PE diaper films with a weight of 27 g / m ² were again inserted from the left, the other coming from the right, in a horizontally arranged two-roll calender from top to bottom. Immediately before entering the calender gap, both foils were completely covered on their inner contact surfaces for the fiber system using a so-called slit valve from Inatec GmbH, Leverkusen, with a commercially available APAO laminating adhesive with a processing viscosity of approx. 60,000 cps and an application amount of 2.0 g / m ² applied. The melt temperature of the hot melt in the application head was between 162 and 166 ° C.

A prefabricated, unconsolidated cellulose fiber fleece with a basis weight of 12 g / m ² was inserted vertically from above into the film feed nip prepared in this way and with simultaneous application of a line pressure of 500 dN / m roll width at a cooling water outlet temperature of the laminating rolls of 32 ° C and a driving speed of 125 m / min. glued to the inside of the films to form the three-layer film-MB-film composites in the first stage. The separation process to the two congruent fiber-film composites was carried out using the vacuum roller separation technology described in DE 197 16 263 A1 in a second operation at a driving speed of 90 m / min. The separated composites were fixed on the roll surface with a force of 6,800 g / m ² . The composites were wound up on the winders with a lead of 1.5% based on the peripheral speed of the separating rollers.

The final weight of the composite was 32.5 g / m ² . The protruding fiber ends formed an average pile height of 2.2 mm.

Of course, it can be assumed that the in the examples mentioned process steps regarding film production, fiber composite production, Adhesion or connection of the three starting layers to a composite and the then required separation or tearing and the winding of End products can be processed in an integrated process.  

In a particular embodiment of the invention described above, it is also possible to manufacture

• - microporous and water vapor permeable foils as inventory part of the two-layer fiber-film composites
• - The production of the fiber composites required for this
• - The connection of the polymers responsible for the film part with the fiber composites manufactured in situ
• - The representation of the microporous film structure joint stretching of the three-layer network (see drawing II)
• - and the separation required to represent the two-layer system process with subsequent winding

to cope in one operation. It is considered that the It is known to one of ordinary skill in the art that thermobonding Nonwovens made of monolithic fibers due to their strong distinction Insulation behavior temperatures compared between the two thermobonded and thermally deformed surfaces hardened significantly worse Have fiber area in the center of the fiber composite, which z. B. in the evaluation the peeling behavior or also when checking the tear behavior of the Clearly perceive materials. The nonwovens behave in this area still like fiber material and not like made from fibers by means of thermal bonding Foils.

If two films are now connected, which consist of polymer mixtures known per se, including mineral additives for the production of microporous films, in the middle with the previously described hot-drawn fiber composites of low crystallinity in a force-fitting and form-fitting manner either via limited penetration of the film melt into the fiber composite surface or via fully or partial thermal bonding of the triple bond or by gluing with filler-containing polyolefin melts with processing viscosities of <80,000 cps, cool the triple bond to temperatures between 40 and 80 ° C. and stretches it with a lasting effect in MD by up to 70% and / or in CD by up to 70% and then carries out the separation process necessary for the formation of the two-layer fiber-film composite. B. according to DE 197 16 163 A1 at temperatures of <30 ° C. by, one obtains a surprising manner in two-layered composites with better textile surfaces and water vapor permeabilities, depending on the degree of stretching 1000-4500 g / m ^2/25 hours.

The elongation behavior of the hot drawn low crystallinity fibers becomes of elongations at break between 5 and 20% in a standard climate due to the process-related Raising the drawing temperature up to 80 ° changed so that Elongation at break of the fibers of up to 80% can be achieved and consequently the Fibers harmless the process of displaying water vapor permeability survive.  

In a further special embodiment of the invention, the minor Elongation at break of the hot drawn fibers of low crystallinity within the The three-layer material composite described above used specifically that the necessary for the representation of the water vapor permeability Post-stretching of the films or the composite is not as described above Temperatures between 40 and 80 ° C. is driven, but at temperatures of <25 ° C. The process used for this and known from textile finishing Microstretching from Küsters, Krefeld, can be used in such a way that or full-area, permanent stretching in MD and / or CD of <20% on the one hand lead to the desired increase in the water vapor permeability of the film plane and on the other hand a tearing with the simultaneous formation of a velor-like Surface of the one not available in the middle layer of the three-layer composite plasticized parts of hot-drawn fibers with low crystallinity or non-thermoplastic fibers takes place. The subsequent separation process of the two two-layer fiber-film composites from each other then find themselves in again known or described form instead.

This procedure of cold stretching a three-layer film-fiber-film composite on the basis of the practically double m ² weight compared to the known procedures for single stretching of films or two-layer nonwoven film composites also leads to a considerably increased process and product safety among the Aspects of the required water resistance on the one hand and the required water vapor permeability on the other. Another significant advantage is, of course, the doubling of the output behavior or the halving of the manufacturing costs.

The production of such fiber-film composites in water vapor permeable or not water vapor permeable form leads to an increased Attractiveness in the market with special consideration of the cost situation. The weight differences apparent from the exemplary embodiments compared to conventional competitive products are likely to be essentially relevant to Raw material cost advantages of 10-44% compared to these product groups conventional product solutions of this kind.

In this respect, not only are the personal hygiene application areas mentioned at the beginning (baby diapers, sanitary napkins, panty liners, incontinence products) but also the application areas

• - Packaging material with attractively designed surfaces
• - classic textiles with velor based surfaces
• - Fabric, flock coating, flock printing, rough suede
• - Wallpaper, wall coverings
• - Protective clothing, casual clothing
• - u. a. m.

affected by the products of the invention.

Claims (25)

1. Two-layer composite or composite material consisting of a film layer and a non-positively and positively connected textile fiber layer with the character of a velor, characterized in that the visually perceptible velor surface by mechanical - technological separation in the horizontal, parallel to the film surface central area of a Fiber layer was formed, which consisted of fibers of native or synthetic origin and contained starting fiber lengths between <0.1 mm and <400,000 m. 2. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the film layer is 10.0 g / m ² to 100 g / m ² heavy and is not designed to be permeable to water vapor. 3. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the film layer is 10.0 g / m ² to 50 g / m ² heavy and is designed to be permeable to water vapor. 4. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fiber diameter of the fiber layer is from 0.1 / 1000 mm to 25/1000 mm and the fiber weight is from 1.0 to 12 g / m ² . 5. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 4, characterized, that the resulting from the separation process and on the velor surface the fibers involved are connected on one side to the film in a force-fitting and positive manner and the longitudinal axes of the finite part of the fibers in the stato nascendi in an angle of 65 to 115 ° relative to the course of the film longitudinal axis are arranged. 6. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 5, characterized, that through the homogeneity of the velor surface made of fiber material partial application of mechanically and / or thermally effective Surface deformations in the sense of structure courses of tissues, Knitted fabrics, knitting patterns, thermobonding patterns or moireé effects is interrupted. 7. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 6, characterized, that the composite is antistatic and / or over the entire material structure flame retardant according to DIN 4102 B1.   8. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 7, characterized, that the fiber material is oleophobic and dirt-repellent by using Is fluorocarbon derivatives. 9. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 8, characterized, that the non-water vapor permeable films completely, partially or in Mixtures of the polymers polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, Ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene butyl acetate, EMA, crystalline and / or amorphous Fillers based on inorganic or organic substances, polyethylene waxes, Synthetic resins, surface and surface active processing aids as well Stabilizers and coloring substances exist. 10. Double-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 and 3 to 8, characterized in that the water-vapor-permeable films reach their water vapor permeability of 400-4500 g / m ^2/24 hours in a conventional manner through micropores structures or through the use of hydro file polymers. 11. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 10, characterized, that the fibers or fiber composites used are unconsolidated and under Use of polyolefinic homologs from the polyethylene series, Polypropylene, polybutylene, their isomers, their copolymers, block polymers, Block copolymers, EMA, EBA, polyacrylates, polyesters, polyether derivatives, Polyether block amides, polyamides, and their homologs, isomers, Copolymers, block polymers, block copolymers, cellulose, and wood are manufactured. 12. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 11, characterized, that the fibers or fiber composites used by simultaneous application of temperature, pressure and time are solidified in whole or in part. 13. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 12, characterized, that the hot drawn fibers have specific fiber strengths of 0.05 g / dtex to 0.8 g / dtex at elongation at break values between 8 and 50% and the Elongation at break values of the fiber composites are between 5 and 20%. 14. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 13, characterized, that the hot drawn fibers or fiber composites of lower crystallinity simultaneous application of meltblown technologies, fiber spinning Hotmelt application techniques (DYNAFIBER), rotary spinning techniques or spin-spinning techniques. 15. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 14, characterized,  that the establishment of the positive and positive connection between the film on the one hand and the fibers or the fiber bundle on the other involved polymers from polyolefinic and / or non-polyolefinic Polymers exist that are identical to the raw materials of the films themselves and / or processing viscosities from 3,500 cps to 120,000 cps are set. 16. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 14, characterized, that the establishment of the positive and positive connection between the film on the one hand and the fibers or the fiber composite on the other all or part of the polymers involved or from mixtures of EVA, Polyethylene wax, synthetic resins and polyolefinic or non-polyolefinic Polymers exist that are identical to the raw materials of the films themselves and / or set to processing viscosities of 3,500-80,000 cps. 17. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 14, characterized, that the establishment of the positive and positive connection between the film on the one hand and the fibers or the fiber composite on the other all or part of the polymers involved or from mixtures of hydrofiles Polymers from the groups polyurethane, polyester, polyether block amide, poly amide, their copolymers, their homologs and isomers with processing Viscosities of 3,500 to 80,000 cps exist. 18. Two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 14, characterized, that the establishment of the positive and positive connection between water vapor permeable films on the one hand and the fibers or the Fiber composite, on the other hand, involved polymers from hydrofilic polymers Groupings polyurethane, polyester, polyether block amide, poly amide, their Copolymers, their homologs and isomers alone or in a mixture with EVA, Plyethylene waxes and synthetic resins with processing viscosities from 1,500 to 84,000 cps exist. 19. A method for producing the two-layer composite according to the invention or Composite material according to claims 1 to 18, characterized, that the two films are first produced in a multi-stage inline process be on their facing sides with the invention Connection polymers are applied. At the same time, the fiber or fiber composite web and made midway between the two films arranged together with these in the feed nip of a two-roll Calenders introduced, with line pressure from 100 to 10,000 dN / m and at driving speeds of <20 m / min. a three-layer strength and positively connected composite is produced and this after cooling Composite temperatures of <25 ° C. in the outlet gap of a second one, so-called separation calenders through mechanical-technological separation in Center of the fiber composite by tearing apart and there are two Fiber-film composites with a congruent, velor-like surface are formed.   20. The method for producing the two-layer composite or composite material according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that two prefabricated films are unwound in a two-stage offline process, are guided quasi parallel to each other and on the two mutually facing sides with the inventive connecting polymers over the entire surface or in part or by means of fiber-spinning hot melt application techniques of the DYNAFIBER type or by means of a meltblow technique. At the same time, the likewise prefabricated fiber composite of hot-drawn fibers of low crystallinity is unwound from a roll, arranged in the middle between the two films described above and introduced together with these into the feed nip of a two-roll calender, applied with line pressures of 100 to 10,000 dN / m and at driving speeds from <20 m / min. a three-layer, non-positively and positively bonded composite is produced and this after cooling to composite temperatures of <25 ° C. in the outlet gap of a second, so-called vacuum separating calender in the center of the fiber composite while simultaneously tearing apart the preferably continuous fiber structure to form two fiber-film composites with a congruent, velor-like surface, which are then both separated with a suction pressure of 50 to 8,000 g / m ² a wrap angle of 20 to 120 ° is drawn off on the upper and lower rollers of the vacuum separating calender and fed to the two winding stations and wound up. 21. A process for the preparation of the two-layer composite or composite material according to the invention in a water vapor-permeable embodiment according to claims 3 to 18, characterized in that in a first step polymer mixtures of polyolefinic polymers, tactifiers, and waxes with mineral additives (in micronized form and particle sizes of < 1/1000 mm) in melted form alone or with the addition of an additional, also identical, olefinic polymers, tactifiers, waxes and mineral additives containing compound layer with processing viscosities of <80,000 cps on both sides of an in situ manufactured fiber or fiber composite material with simultaneous formation of a three-layer or 5-layer composites with non-positive and positive connections between fiber composite and film is produced.
The three-layer composite is then heated to temperatures below 30 ° C. cooled and stretched in MD and / or CD by 30-80% with a permanent effect, whereby

• 1. the notch effect of the inorganic crystallites leads to a microporous structure of the two film planes,
• 2. the notch effect of the inorganic crystallites leads to a microporous structure in the connection plane, and
• 3. If the maximum elongation at break of the hot-drawn fiber composite systems is exceeded, the fibers in the center of the three-layer composite, which do not participate in the force-fitting and form-fitting composite, are torn open and broken off

which is then separated into two two-layer fiber-film composites using a vacuum separating calender in accordance with the procedure according to claim 20 and these are wound up independently of one another. 22. Personal hygiene products such as baby diapers, sanitary napkins, panty liners, Incontinence products, characterized, that they are using the products of the invention at the same time according to claims 1 to 18 and the method according to the invention 19 to 21 were produced. 23. Protective clothing, casual clothing, characterized, that they are using the products of the invention at the same time according to claims 1 to 18 and the method according to the invention 19 to 21 were produced. 24. packaging material, characterized, that it while using the products of the invention according to claims 1 to 18 and the inventive method 19 to 21 were produced. 25. Wallpaper, wall coverings and wall hangings, characterized, that they are using the products of the invention at the same time according to claims 1 to 18 and the method according to the invention 19 to 21 were produced.