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DE19936931A1 - Smoothing contours of stereolithographic parts for rapid prototyping, involves repeated withdrawal from liquid during build-up and irradiating - Google Patents

Smoothing contours of stereolithographic parts for rapid prototyping, involves repeated withdrawal from liquid during build-up and irradiating

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Publication number
DE19936931A1
DE19936931A1 DE19936931A DE19936931A DE19936931A1 DE 19936931 A1 DE19936931 A1 DE 19936931A1 DE 19936931 A DE19936931 A DE 19936931A DE 19936931 A DE19936931 A DE 19936931A DE 19936931 A1 DE19936931 A1 DE 19936931A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
smoothing
construction
component
exposure
contours
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19936931A
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German (de)
Inventor
Dieter Fichtner
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Individual
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Individual
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19936931A priority Critical patent/DE19936931A1/en
Publication of DE19936931A1 publication Critical patent/DE19936931A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
    • G05B19/4099—Surface or curve machining, making 3D objects, e.g. desktop manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/34—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C41/52—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
    • B29C64/135—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/001—Shaping in several steps
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49013—Deposit layers, cured by scanning laser, stereo lithography SLA, prototyping
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49371—Variable laser spot width, small for boundary, large for rest

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

A component (1) is built up in stepped layers from a liquid (3) by irradiation from a scanning laser (4). To smooth the contour between layers, the component is lifted out of the liquid (3) periodically and the adherent liquid (5) hardened by suitably scanned laser beams (6,7,8,9). The process is controlled from a computer with stored relevant parameters.

Description

Beschreibung des bekannten Standes der TechnikDescription of the known prior art

Aus (Gebhardt, Andreas: Rapid Prototyping, München, Wien: Carl Hanser Verlag, 1996) u. a. ist bekannt, dass Prototypen in kurzer Zeit mittels einer eigens ausgelegten Vorrichtung hergestellt werden können. Es existieren mehrere technologische Verfahren, eines nutzt den Laserstrahl zur Polymerisation von Fotopolymeren - nämlich die Stereolithografie. Bei diesem Verfahren wird ein Urformprozess sequentiell realisiert, indem dünne Schichten flüssigen Materials nacheinander in einem zyklisch verlaufenden Prozess verfestigt werden. Die räumliche Ausdehnung einer Schicht wird aus dem virtuellen CAD-Modell im Computer ermittelt. Nachdem alle Schichten ver­ festigt sind, fährt das entstandene Bauteil aus dem Bad mit flüssigem Baumaterial vollständig heraus, tropft ab und wird nach ausreichender Zeit abgetrocknet, von unnötigen Partien befreit (Stützgeometrie) und zum Nachhärten (Nachbelichten) aufgestellt.Aus (Gebhardt, Andreas: Rapid Prototyping, Munich, Vienna: Carl Hanser Verlag, 1996) u. a. is known that prototypes can be produced in a short time using a specially designed device can be. There are several technological processes, one uses the laser beam for Polymerization of photopolymers - namely stereolithography. With this procedure A master molding process is realized sequentially by placing thin layers of liquid material one after the other are solidified in a cyclical process. The spatial extension of a Layer is determined from the virtual CAD model in the computer. After all layers ver are solidified, the resulting component moves completely out of the bath with liquid building material out, drips off and is dried after a sufficient time, freed of unnecessary parts (Support geometry) and set up for post-curing (post-exposure).

Bedingt durch den schichtenweisen Aufbau und das nahezu senkrechte Auftreffen des Laserstrahl auf die zu bauende Schicht, entsteht am Bauteil - betrachtet in einer beliebigen die Z-Achse ent­ haltenden Ebene des dem Bauprozess zugrunde liegenden Koordinatensystems (Bauen von Schichten entlang der Z-Achse) - verfahrensbedingt eine treppenförmige Kontur (Gebhardt, Andreas: Rapid Prototyping, München, Wien: Carl Hanser Verlag, 1996, S. 46), wenn das Bauteil Konturstücke enthält, die nicht parallel zur Z-Achse oder nicht senkrecht zu ihr, sondern anders geneigt verlaufen.Due to the layered structure and the almost vertical impact of the laser beam on the layer to be built, arises on the component - viewed in any direction along the Z axis level of the coordinate system underlying the building process (building of Layers along the Z axis) - due to the process, a step-like contour (Gebhardt, Andreas: Rapid Prototyping, Munich, Vienna: Carl Hanser Verlag, 1996, p. 46) if the component Contains contour pieces that are not parallel to the Z axis or not perpendicular to it, but different run inclined.

Nachteile des bekannten Standes der TechnikDisadvantages of the known prior art

Der vorangehend beschriebene Stand der Technik hat den Nachteil, dass die infolge der Treppung vorhandene Rauheit der Kontur in Kauf genommen werden muss oder über ein manuelles Feinbe­ arbeiten (Finish) mit Handwerkzeugen zu mindern ist. Bei der letztgenannten Vorgehensweise entstehen Abweichungen von der entworfenen Kontur.The prior art described above has the disadvantage that the due to the staircase existing roughness of the contour must be accepted or via a manual Feinbe working (finish) with hand tools is to be reduced. With the latter approach deviations from the designed contour arise.

Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, den Glättungsprozess der treppenförmigen Konturbe­ standteile von Stereolithografie-Bauteilen maschinell durchzuführen und die dazu notwendige Steueranordnung bereitzustellen.The object of the invention is the smoothing process of the stair-shaped contour machine parts of stereolithography components and the necessary Provide control arrangement.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass das Bauteil im ersten Falle nach dem vollständigen Schichtenaufbau nicht ganz aus dem Bad herausgefahren wird, sondern nur um einen bestimmten Betrag, abhängig von der Bauteilkontur, und im anderen Falle nach partiellem Bauen der Schichtaufbau unterbrochen wird, das Bauteil genauso wie im ersten Falle aus dem Ba­ de herausgefahren wird, soweit wie es der Glättungsvorgang erfordert. Anschließend belichtet der Laserstrahl nach angemessener Zeit das Bauteil zusätzlich, hier aber nicht entlang der Schichtkon­ tur, wie im Aufbauprozess, sondern um eine oder mehrere Strahldurchmesserbreiten nach außen versetzt, den Raum zwischen den Konturen zweier Schichten, soweit wie für den Glättungspro­ zess notwendig, überstreichend. Das unmittelbar neben der treppenförmigen Stufe zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Schichten anhaftende flüssige Material, das für den Glättvorgang genügend abgelaufen ist, wird so verfestigt. Nachdem auf einer Höhe der Zyklus beendet ist, wird das Bauteil auf die nächste Ebene angehoben und der Vorgang der Materialverfestigung für den Zweck des Glättens, wie zuvor beschrieben, wiederholt, und zwar solange, bis alle Konturteile mit Stufenprofil geglättet sind. This object is achieved in that the component in the first case after complete layer structure is not completely pulled out of the bathroom, but only around a certain amount, depending on the component contour, and in the other case on partial Build the layer structure is interrupted, the component just like in the first case from the ba de is moved out as far as the smoothing process requires. Then the exposes Laser beam after an appropriate time, the component additionally, but not along the layer con structure, as in the construction process, but by one or more beam diameter widths to the outside offset, the space between the contours of two layers, as far as for the smoothing pro process necessary, painting over. This is right next to the stair-shaped step between two successive layers of adhering liquid material that is sufficient for the smoothing process expired is solidified. After the cycle is finished at a height, it will Component raised to the next level and the process of material hardening for the Purpose of smoothing, as described above, repeated until all contour parts with Step profile are smoothed.  

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen darin, dass statt einer manuellen Bearbeitung des Stereolithografie-Teiles - mit deren Verfälschungen der geometrischen Ausprägung des Bauteils - die Glättung der Kontur maschinell ausgeführt wird und dabei eine ansprechendere Oberfläche für den Nutzer entsteht.The advantages achieved with the invention are that instead of manual processing of the stereolithography part - with their falsifications of the geometric expression of the Component - the smoothing of the contour is carried out mechanically and thereby a more appealing Surface for the user is created.

Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der ErfindungDescription of exemplary embodiments of the invention

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden nä­ her beschrieben. Es zeigenAn embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is nä in the following described here. Show it

Fig. 1 das erfindungsgemäße zusätzliche Belichten anhaftenden formlosen Stoffes, Fig. 1 additional exposure of the present invention adhering formless substance,

Fig. 2 die erfindungsgemäße Steueranordnung. Fig. 2 shows the control arrangement according to the invention.

Das Bauteil 1 - auf einer Bauplattform 2 im flüssigen Baumaterial (formlosen Stoff) 3 plaziert - ist soweit, wie geplant, im Schichtenaufbau fortgeschritten und wird zur Zusatzbelichtung um 2 Bauschichten aus dem Bad gehoben. Der an den Stufen anhaftende formlose Stoff 5 wird nach einer kurzen Haltezeit durch verschiedene Laserwege 6, 7, 8 und 9 verfestigt. Der Laserstrahl wird von einem Scanner 4 bereitgestellt.The component 1 - placed on a building platform 2 in the liquid building material (formless material) 3 - has progressed as far as planned in the layer structure and is lifted out of the bath by two building layers for additional exposure. The shapeless substance 5 adhering to the steps is solidified by various laser paths 6 , 7 , 8 and 9 after a short holding time. The laser beam is provided by a scanner 4 .

In den Prozessrechner 10 werden die Schichtdaten via Prozesssteuerung eingelesen und im Schichtdatenspeicher 13 abgelegt. Über das Interface der Maschinensteuerung 11 wird der Glät­ tungsgrad eingegeben und in den zugehörigen Speicher 14 übertragen. Der Zyklendatengenerator 15 bestimmt aus dem vorgegebenem Glättungsgrad und den Schichtdaten den Weg der Bauplatt­ form in einem Zyklus. Das Bauteil wird mit den Schichtdaten hergestellt. Nach Fertigstellung einer Partie ermittelt der Zyklendatengenerator 15 aus dem Glättungsgrad und den Schichtdaten die Stücke des Bauteils, wo eine Zusatzbelichtung erfolgen soll und den Verfahrweg des ersten Zyklus. Diese Daten nutzend, bestimmt der Haltezeitgenerator 16 die Wartezeit des Systems, be­ vor die Zusatzbelichtung am vom Zyklendatengenerator 15 ermittelten Stufenprofil beginnt. Die Zyklendaten werden dem Weggenerator 17 zur Verfügung gestellt. Er ermittelt die für die Glät­ tung notwendigen Belichtungswege des Laserstrahls.The shift data are read into the process computer 10 via process control and stored in the shift data memory 13 . The smoothing degree is entered via the interface of the machine control 11 and transferred to the associated memory 14 . The cycle data generator 15 determines the path of the building platform in one cycle from the predetermined degree of smoothing and the layer data. The component is manufactured with the layer data. After completion of a batch, the cycle data generator 15 uses the degree of smoothing and the layer data to determine the pieces of the component where additional exposure is to take place and the travel path of the first cycle. Using this data, the hold time generator 16 determines the waiting time of the system before the additional exposure begins on the step profile determined by the cycle data generator 15 . The cycle data are made available to the path generator 17 . It determines the exposure paths of the laser beam required for smoothing.

Die Belichtungswegedaten werden im Zusatzbelichtungs-Datenspeicher 18 abgelegt und dem An­ triebssystem für die Laserstrahlführung und Bauplattformsteuerung 19 sukzessive zur Verfügung gestellt.The exposure path data are stored in the additional exposure data memory 18 and are successively made available to the drive system for the laser beam guidance and construction platform control 19 .

Claims (3)

1. Verfahren und Steueranordnung zum maschinellen Glätten der Kontur von Stereolitho­ grafie-Bauteilen unter Verwendung des Prozessrechners, der Prozesssteuerung, des Lasersystems und der damit verbundenen Antriebe und Messsysteme einer Stereolitho­ grafie-Anlage, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein maschinelles Glätten der Kontur von Stereolithogra­ fie-Bauteilen erfolgt, dass das Bauteil nach dem vollständigen schichtweisen Aufbau in einem Zyklus oder in mehreren Zyklen schrittweise aus dem flüssigen Baumaterial herausgefahren wird, dass eine unterschiedliche Haltezeit eingestellt wird, die die Menge des anhaftenden unverfestigten Materials reguliert, dass das anhaftende unverfestigte Material nach jedem Schritt einer Zusatzbelichtung mit Laserstrahlen ausgesetzt wird, dass die Belichtungsbahnen nach einstellbaren geometrischen und technologischen Pa­ rametern, entsprechend den Anforderungen des Glättungsprozesses, zwischen den Kon­ turen zweier Bau-Schichten liegen, dass die Steuerbefehle für die Bewegung des La­ serstrahls und die Bauplattform ein Weg-Generator erzeugt, dass ein Zyklen-Generator die Zyklendaten für das schrittweise Fahren aus dem Bad ermittelt, dass ein Zeit-Ge­ nerator die Haltezeit zum Abfluten von Material nach den Anforderungen des Glät­ tungszustandes vorgibt und dass der Weg-Generator den Bereich zwischen den Kontu­ ren zweier Schichten nach einstellbaren geometrischen und technologischen Parametern mit Bahnen füllt, denen der Laserstrahl folgt, dabei das anhaftende Material verfesti­ gend.1. The method and control arrangement for machine smoothing the contour of stereolithography components using the process computer, the process control, the laser system and the associated drives and measuring systems of a stereolithography system, characterized in that machine smoothing the contour of stereolithography -Components is that after the complete layer-by-layer construction, the component is gradually removed from the liquid building material in one cycle or in several cycles, that a different holding time is set, which regulates the amount of adhering non-consolidated material, that the adhering non-consolidated material after each Exposure to an additional exposure to laser beams is carried out such that the exposure tracks are located between the contours of two construction layers according to adjustable geometric and technological parameters, in accordance with the requirements of the smoothing process, that the control For the movement of the laser beam and the construction platform, a path generator generates that a cycle generator determines the cycle data for the step-by-step movement out of the bath, that a time generator determines the holding time for the material to flow away according to the requirements of the smoothing state specifies and that the path generator fills the area between the contours of two layers according to adjustable geometric and technological parameters with paths that the laser beam follows, thereby solidifying the adhering material. 2. Verfahren und Steueranordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bauteil nicht vollständig gebaut ist, dass der Baupro­ zess für Zyklen der Zusatzbelichtung unterbrochen wird und dass nachfolgend der Bau­ prozess fortgesetzt wird.2. The method and control arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the component is not completely built, that the construction pro process is interrupted for cycles of additional exposure and that subsequently the construction process continues. 3. Verfahren und Steueranordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bauteil nicht vollständig gebaut ist, dass der Baupro­ zess abgebrochen wird und dass die Zusatzbelichtung am Rumpfteil ausgeführt wird.3. The method and control arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the component is not completely built, that the construction pro process is canceled and that the additional exposure is carried out on the fuselage part.
DE19936931A 1999-08-05 1999-08-05 Smoothing contours of stereolithographic parts for rapid prototyping, involves repeated withdrawal from liquid during build-up and irradiating Withdrawn DE19936931A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11786345B2 (en) 2017-11-21 2023-10-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making a physical object
US12268567B2 (en) 2019-09-12 2025-04-08 Solventum Intellectual Properties Company Apparatus, system, method of post-curing an article, and post-cured article

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0420614A2 (en) * 1989-09-29 1991-04-03 3D Systems, Inc. Methods of coating stereolithographic parts
US5209878A (en) * 1990-10-30 1993-05-11 3D Systems, Inc. Surface resolution in three-dimensional objects by inclusion of thin fill layers
WO1998051478A1 (en) * 1997-05-13 1998-11-19 3D Systems, Inc. Method of and apparatus for deriving data intermediate to cross-sectional data descriptive of a three-dimensional object

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0420614A2 (en) * 1989-09-29 1991-04-03 3D Systems, Inc. Methods of coating stereolithographic parts
US5209878A (en) * 1990-10-30 1993-05-11 3D Systems, Inc. Surface resolution in three-dimensional objects by inclusion of thin fill layers
WO1998051478A1 (en) * 1997-05-13 1998-11-19 3D Systems, Inc. Method of and apparatus for deriving data intermediate to cross-sectional data descriptive of a three-dimensional object

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
OTT,Hans-Jürgen: Stereolithographie - lasergeformte Prototypen ohne Werkzeug und Form. In: Technische Rundschau 11/91, S.40,41 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11786345B2 (en) 2017-11-21 2023-10-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making a physical object
US12268567B2 (en) 2019-09-12 2025-04-08 Solventum Intellectual Properties Company Apparatus, system, method of post-curing an article, and post-cured article

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