DE19929463A1 - Dosing process for halogen lamps comprises applying rhenium bromide or rhenium chloride in liquid solution optionally together with a phosphorous getter in the lamp space on a spiral wound filament body - Google Patents
Dosing process for halogen lamps comprises applying rhenium bromide or rhenium chloride in liquid solution optionally together with a phosphorous getter in the lamp space on a spiral wound filament bodyInfo
- Publication number
- DE19929463A1 DE19929463A1 DE19929463A DE19929463A DE19929463A1 DE 19929463 A1 DE19929463 A1 DE 19929463A1 DE 19929463 A DE19929463 A DE 19929463A DE 19929463 A DE19929463 A DE 19929463A DE 19929463 A1 DE19929463 A1 DE 19929463A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- rhenium
- getter
- phosphorous
- liquid solution
- optionally together
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- KXLQKNLVPVYVKX-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrabromorhenium Chemical compound Br[Re](Br)(Br)Br KXLQKNLVPVYVKX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- XZQYTGKSBZGQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-I Rhenium(V) chloride Inorganic materials Cl[Re](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl XZQYTGKSBZGQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- UXMRNSHDSCDMLG-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlororhenium Chemical compound Cl[Re](Cl)(Cl)Cl UXMRNSHDSCDMLG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 9
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000691 Re alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FJBFPHVGVWTDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibromomethane Chemical compound BrCBr FJBFPHVGVWTDIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrocarbon halogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Re] DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/02—Incandescent bodies
- H01K1/04—Incandescent bodies characterised by the material thereof
- H01K1/08—Metallic bodies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/50—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified pressure thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
- H01K3/22—Exhausting, degassing, filling, or cleaning vessels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren zum Dosieren von Halogenlampen mit gasförmigen Verbindungen sind seit langem bekannt. Ebenso wurden Verfahren zum Dosieren mit Verbindungen in der flüssigen Phase beschrieben. Ebenso ist bekannt, dass Wolfram-Rhenium Legierungen im kälteren Lampenbereich gegen chemischen Angriff widerstandsfähiger und im allgemeinen auch stossunempfindlicher sind. Rhenium-Metall wird als Kathodenmaterial in Gasent ladungslampen mit chemisch aggressiven Gasen ebenfalls verwendet.Methods for dosing halogen lamps with gaseous compounds have been around known for a long time. Methods for dosing with compounds in the liquid phase described. It is also known that tungsten-rhenium alloys in colder lamp area more resistant to chemical attack and in general are also less sensitive to impact. Rhenium metal is used as the cathode material in Gasent charge lamps with chemically aggressive gases are also used.
Es ist ebenso bekannt, dass Halogenlampen beispielsweise mit einer gasförmigen Ver bindung wie Methylendibromid oder einer verwandten Kohlenwasserstoff-Halogen Ver bindung mit einem Fülldruck je nach Lampentyp zwischen 0.1 und 10 mbar gefüllt werden. Im Zusammenwirken mit einem geringen Sauerstoffdruck bildet sich ein chemisch regenerativer Zyklus aus, der verdampftes Wolfram zurück in den Wendel bereich transportiert. Der chemische Angriff der Zuführungen und kälteren Wendel bereiche ist durch chemische Kinetik bestimmt, so dass eher fein verteiltes Wolfram von der Kolbenwand und nicht massives Wolfram von den Wendelenden abtransportiert wird.It is also known that halogen lamps, for example with a gaseous Ver bond such as methylene dibromide or a related hydrocarbon halogen ver bond filled with a filling pressure between 0.1 and 10 mbar depending on the lamp type become. In cooperation with a low oxygen pressure it forms chemically regenerative cycle, the vaporized tungsten back into the coil area transported. The chemical attack of the feeders and colder filaments ranges is determined by chemical kinetics, so that rather finely divided tungsten from the piston wall and not massive tungsten is transported away from the coil ends.
Anwendungsgebiet der Erfindung ist die Halogen-Glühlampe für den Niedervolt- und Hochvoltbetrieb mit Hartglas- oder Quarzkolben. Die reaktive Halogenfüllung wird in Form von gelöstem Re3Br9 oder Re3Cl9 als Flüssigkeit auf die Glühwendel oder in den Kolben eingebracht. Als apolare Lösungsmittel kann Ethanol oder auch Methylisobutylketon verwendet werden. Das Rheniumbromid kann so auf die Wendel aufgebracht werden. Nach Abpumpen des flüchtigen Lösungsmittels wird die Glühlampe mit einem Inertgas gefüllt und abgeschmolzen.The field of application of the invention is the halogen incandescent lamp for low-voltage and high-voltage operation with hard glass or quartz bulbs. The reactive halogen filling is introduced in the form of dissolved Re 3 Br 9 or Re 3 Cl 9 as a liquid on the filament or in the flask. Ethanol or methyl isobutyl ketone can be used as the non-polar solvent. The rhenium bromide can thus be applied to the coil. After the volatile solvent has been pumped off, the incandescent lamp is filled with an inert gas and melted off.
Ein solches Verfahren ist bereits bekannt für das Einbringen eines Getters wie P3N5 in Hartglas-Halogenlampen. Man könnte beispielsweise P3N5 und Re3Br9 in dieser Weise gemeinsam mit einem Lösungsmittel aufbringen. In der Regel werden Halogenlampen mit einem Inertgas und gasförmigen Beimengungen von halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen gefüllt, wobei in der Regel unerwünschte Mengen von Kohlenstoff und Wasserstoff in den Lampenraum gelangen. Diese Elemente führen zur Versprödung des Wendelmaterials oder auch zum Versagen des chemischen Kreisprozesses mit dessen Hilfe die Kolbenwand klar gehalten werden soll.Such a method is already known for the introduction of a getter such as P 3 N 5 in tempered glass halogen lamps. For example, P 3 N 5 and Re 3 Br 9 could be applied together with a solvent in this way. As a rule, halogen lamps are filled with an inert gas and gaseous admixtures of halogenated hydrocarbons, with undesirable amounts of carbon and hydrogen generally getting into the lamp space. These elements lead to embrittlement of the spiral material or also to failure of the chemical cycle with the help of which the piston wall is to be kept clear.
Durch die vorliegende Erfindung wird Brom oder auch Chlor in das Lampenvolumen ein gebracht, ohne dass ein schädlicher Einfluss von Kohlenstoff oder Wasserstoff zu be fürchten ist. Das in der Lampe verbleibende Re3Br9 oder Re3Cl9 wird bei Einschalten des Brenners verflüchtigt, wobei Rhenium bei Temperaturen unter 1500 K sich auf kälteren Wendelteilen oder Zuführungen abscheidet und freies Brom oder Chlor in die Gasphase gelangt. Das Halogen unterstützt den chemischen Kreisprozess in bezug auf den Wolframtransport.The present invention brings bromine or chlorine into the lamp volume without fear of a harmful influence of carbon or hydrogen. The Re 3 Br 9 or Re 3 Cl 9 remaining in the lamp is evaporated when the burner is switched on, with rhenium being deposited on colder filaments or feeds at temperatures below 1500 K and free bromine or chlorine entering the gas phase. The halogen supports the chemical cycle in relation to the tungsten transport.
Der Niederschlag von Rhenium auf den kälteren Wendelteilen und Zuführungen dient als Schutzschicht gegen chemischen Angriff und setzt die Reaktionsrate von Sauerstoff und Brom oder Chlor in Bezug auf Wolfram stark herab. Insbesondere werden so klein kristalline Gefüge und Kristallübergangsbereiche mit normalerweise leicht anätzbaren Korngrenzen vor dem chemischen Angriff geschützt.The precipitation of rhenium on the colder coil parts and feeders serves as Protective layer against chemical attack and sets the reaction rate of oxygen and Bromine or chlorine greatly decreased in relation to tungsten. In particular, become so small crystalline structure and crystal transition areas with normally easily etched Grain boundaries protected from chemical attack.
Zusätzlich wird die Austrittarbeit von Wolfram für Elektronenemission durch Rhenium heraufgesetzt, so dass mit Re3Br9 oder Re3Cl9 gefüllte Brenner durchschlagsfester sind.In addition, the work function of tungsten for electron emission by rhenium is increased, so that burners filled with Re 3 Br 9 or Re 3 Cl 9 are more resistant to breakdown.
Geht man davon aus, dass in vielen Fällen ein Lampenvolumen von 1 ml bis 2 ml vorliegt, so ergibt sich bei einer Füllung, beispielsweise mit 0.3 mbar Re3Br9 oder Re3Cl9, dass an kalten Wendelteilen und Zuführungen eine Rhenium-Schicht zwischen 20 bis 400 nm abgeschieden wird.If one assumes that there is a lamp volume of 1 ml to 2 ml in many cases, a filling, for example with 0.3 mbar Re 3 Br 9 or Re 3 Cl 9 , results in a rhenium layer on cold filament parts and feeds is deposited between 20 to 400 nm.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19929463A DE19929463A1 (en) | 1999-06-26 | 1999-06-26 | Dosing process for halogen lamps comprises applying rhenium bromide or rhenium chloride in liquid solution optionally together with a phosphorous getter in the lamp space on a spiral wound filament body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19929463A DE19929463A1 (en) | 1999-06-26 | 1999-06-26 | Dosing process for halogen lamps comprises applying rhenium bromide or rhenium chloride in liquid solution optionally together with a phosphorous getter in the lamp space on a spiral wound filament body |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE19929463A1 true DE19929463A1 (en) | 2000-12-28 |
Family
ID=7912750
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19929463A Withdrawn DE19929463A1 (en) | 1999-06-26 | 1999-06-26 | Dosing process for halogen lamps comprises applying rhenium bromide or rhenium chloride in liquid solution optionally together with a phosphorous getter in the lamp space on a spiral wound filament body |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19929463A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6815888B2 (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2004-11-09 | Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. | Halogen lamps, fill material and methods of dosing halogen lamps |
-
1999
- 1999-06-26 DE DE19929463A patent/DE19929463A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6815888B2 (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2004-11-09 | Advanced Lighting Technologies, Inc. | Halogen lamps, fill material and methods of dosing halogen lamps |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8127 | New person/name/address of the applicant |
Owner name: PHILIPS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY & STANDARDS GMBH, 20 |
|
| 8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |