DE19753930A1 - Process for attaching external electrodes to solid state actuators - Google Patents
Process for attaching external electrodes to solid state actuatorsInfo
- Publication number
- DE19753930A1 DE19753930A1 DE19753930A DE19753930A DE19753930A1 DE 19753930 A1 DE19753930 A1 DE 19753930A1 DE 19753930 A DE19753930 A DE 19753930A DE 19753930 A DE19753930 A DE 19753930A DE 19753930 A1 DE19753930 A1 DE 19753930A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- shrink tube
- actuator
- outer electrode
- electrodes
- ptfe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/872—Interconnections, e.g. connection electrodes of multilayer piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/02—Forming enclosures or casings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/06—Forming electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/063—Forming interconnections, e.g. connection electrodes of multilayered piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
- H10N30/503—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure having a non-rectangular cross-section in a plane orthogonal to the stacking direction, e.g. polygonal or circular in top view
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/875—Further connection or lead arrangements, e.g. flexible wiring boards, terminal pins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/87—Electrodes or interconnections, e.g. leads or terminals
- H10N30/877—Conductive materials
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Anbringung von Außenelektroden an Festkör peraktoren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for attaching external electrodes to solids peractors according to the preamble of claim 1.
Festkörperaktoren bestehen in der Regel aus gestapelten dünnen Schichten aktiven Materials (z. B. Piezokeramik, elektrostriktiven Materialien) mit jeweils dazwischen angeordneten leitfähigen Innenelektroden. Außenelektroden verbinden diese Innen elektroden abwechselnd. Dadurch werden die Innenelektroden elektrisch parallel ge schaltet und zu zwei Gruppen zusammengefaßt, die die beiden Anschlußpole des Aktors darstellen. Legt man eine elektrische Spannung an die Anschlußpole, so wird diese auf alle Innenelektroden parallel übertragen und verursacht ein elektrisches Feld in allen Schichten aktiven Materials, das sich dadurch mechanisch verformt. Die Summe aller dieser mechanischen Verformungen steht an den Endflächen des Aktors als nutzbare Dehnung und/oder Kraft zur Verfügung.Solid state actuators usually consist of stacked active thin layers Materials (e.g. piezoceramic, electrostrictive materials) with each in between arranged conductive inner electrodes. Outside electrodes connect these inside alternate electrodes. As a result, the internal electrodes are electrically parallel switches and combined into two groups, the two connection poles of the Represent actuator. If one applies an electrical voltage to the connection poles, then this is transferred to all internal electrodes in parallel and causes an electrical Field in all layers of active material, which mechanically deforms as a result. The The sum of all these mechanical deformations is on the end faces of the actuator available as usable stretch and / or force.
Die Außenelektroden und deren Fügestellen werden bei vielen Anwendungsfällen durch die fließenden Pulsströme (bis ca. 80 A), die Dehnungsbewegungen (bis ca. 2 %) und die Verlustwärme des Aktors (bis 200°C) sehr hohen elektrischen, mechani schen und thermischen Belastungen ausgesetzt.The outer electrodes and their joints are used in many applications due to the flowing pulse currents (up to approx. 80 A), the stretching movements (up to approx. 2 %) and the heat loss of the actuator (up to 200 ° C) very high electrical, mechani exposed to thermal and thermal loads.
Festkörperaktoren werden nach dem Stand der Technik meist als Monolithen ausge führt, d. h. das aktive Material wird als Folie vor dem Sintern mit Innenelektroden ver sehen, zu Aktorstapeln verpreßt und dann gesintert, wodurch der monolithische Aktor entsteht. Je nach Fertigungsverfahren treten die Innenelektroden von vorne herein wechselseitig aus dem Monolithen aus, oder aber alle Innenelektroden treten aus dem Monolithen aus und müssen dann wechselweise isoliert werden. Solid state actuators are usually made as monoliths according to the prior art leads, d. H. the active material is used as a foil before sintering with internal electrodes see, pressed into actuator stacks and then sintered, creating the monolithic actuator arises. Depending on the manufacturing process, the internal electrodes come in from the front alternately from the monolith, or all internal electrodes emerge from the Monoliths and then must be isolated alternately.
Die Aktoren können auch aus einzelnen, fertig gesinterten und mit Innenelektroden versehenen Scheiben gestapelt werden. Auch hier müssen die Innenelektroden wechselseitig aus dem Stapel herausgeführt werden.The actuators can also consist of individual, fully sintered and with internal electrodes provided discs are stacked. The internal electrodes must also be used here are mutually led out of the stack.
Der gattungsgemäße Stand der Technik wird nachfolgend anhand der Fig. 1 be schrieben.The generic prior art is described below with reference to FIG. 1 be.
Auf den Aktorstapel 1 wird im Bereich der herausgeführten Innenelektroden 14 z. B. durch Sputtern, galvanische Verfahren, Siebdruck von Silberpaste, eine Grundmetal lisierung 2 aufgebracht. Diese Grundmetallisierung 2 wird verstärkt durch Aufbringen eines metallischen Werkstoffes 3 z. B. durch weitere Siebdruckschritte, Tauchbe schichten, Beloten oder Anlöten eines Bleches. An diese verstärkte Schicht wird der elektrische Anschlußdraht 4 gelötet.On the actuator stack 1 in the area of the internal electrodes 14 led out z. B. applied by sputtering, electroplating, screen printing of silver paste, a basic metalization 2 . This basic metallization 2 is reinforced by applying a metallic material 3 z. B. by further screen printing steps, Tauchbe layers, soldering or soldering a sheet. The electrical connecting wire 4 is soldered to this reinforced layer.
Der Aufbau und die Herstellung derartiger Aktoren und Außenelektroden wird aus führlich beschrieben z. B. in DE 33 30 538 A1, DE 40 36 287 C2, US 5 281 885, US 4 845 399, US 5 406 164 und JP 07-226541 A.The construction and manufacture of such actuators and external electrodes is made from described in detail e.g. B. in DE 33 30 538 A1, DE 40 36 287 C2, US 5 281 885, US 4 845 399, US 5 406 164 and JP 07-226541 A.
Alle derartigen Außenelektroden und deren Fügestellen neigen unter der andauern den elektrischen, mechanischen und thermischen Belastung, die durch den Aktor ver ursacht wird zur Materialermüdung. In der Regel setzt bereits nach wenigen 107 Be lastungszyklen deutlich Rißbildung in den Außenelektroden ein. Die Bauteile versa gen meist durch Lichtbogenbildung an diesen Rissen oder durch ablösende Lötver bindungen. Die Betriebstemperatur wird durch Lötverbindungen auf ca. 120°C be grenzt. Höher schmelzende Weichlote (Au/Sn) sind teuer oder haben eine zu geringe Grundfestigkeit (Pb). Hartlot- oder Schweißverbindungen direkt am Aktor kommen aufgrund der empfindlichen aktiven Aktorwerkstoffe nicht in Frage. Klebeverbindun gen weisen eine zu geringe mechanische und thermische Stabilität auf.All such external electrodes and their joints tend under the constant electrical, mechanical and thermal stress caused by the actuator to material fatigue. As a rule, cracks begin to form in the outer electrodes after just a few 10 7 loading cycles. The components usually fail due to arcing of these cracks or due to detachable solder connections. The operating temperature is limited to approx. 120 ° C by solder connections. Higher melting soft solders (Au / Sn) are expensive or have insufficient basic strength (Pb). Brazing or welding connections directly on the actuator are out of the question due to the sensitive active actuator materials. Adhesive connections have insufficient mechanical and thermal stability.
Die Problematik der Materialermüdung der Außenelektroden kann durch Verwendung von dreidimensional strukturierten, in Richtung der Aktorachse dehnbaren Elektroden umgangen werden, jedoch müssen auch diese Elektroden mit der Grundmetallisierung verlötet werden. Diese Lötungen sind ihrerseits anfällig für Ermüdungserscheinungen und begrenzen die Einsatztemperatur. Derartige Festkörperaktoren mit dehnbaren Elektroden sind beschrieben in der unveröffentlichten deutschen Patentanmeldung P 196 48 545.2.The problem of material fatigue of the outer electrodes can be caused by use of three-dimensionally structured electrodes that can be stretched in the direction of the actuator axis bypassed, however, these electrodes must also with the basic metallization to be soldered. These solderings are in turn susceptible to fatigue and limit the operating temperature. Such solid state actuators with stretchable Electrodes are described in the unpublished German patent application P 196 48 545.2.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Anbringung von Außen elektroden an Festkörperaktoren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 derart zu verbessern, daß der Einsatzbereich vergrößert und die Lebensdauer der Aktoren we sentlich verlängert ist.The invention has for its object a method for attachment from the outside electrodes on solid state actuators according to the preamble of claim 1 improve that the area of application increases and the life of the actuators we is considerably extended.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß eine strukturierte Außen elektrode, z. B. eine gewellte Metallfolie (nach P 196 48 545.2), an die Grundmetalli sierung gepreßt wird, um den elektrischen Kontakt herzustellen.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that a structured exterior electrode, e.g. B. a corrugated metal foil (according to P 196 48 545.2) to the base metal is pressed to make the electrical contact.
Als Anpreßmedium wird erfindungsgemäß ein PTFE (Polytetrafluorethylen) Schrumpf schlauch verwendet. Neben der Temperaturbeständigkeit bis 260°C stellt der Schrumpfschlauch eine ausgezeichnete elektrische Isolation der Aktoroberflächen dar und bietet einen guten mechanischen Schutz für den stoß- und bruchempfindlichen Aktor.According to the invention, a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) shrinkage is used as the pressure medium hose used. In addition to the temperature resistance up to 260 ° C Shrink tubing provides excellent electrical insulation for the actuator surfaces and offers good mechanical protection for those who are sensitive to impact and breakage Actuator.
Erfindungsgemäß kann auch ein PTFE Schrumpfschlauch mit FEP-Innenbeschichtung (Tetrafluorethylen-Hexafluorpropylen-Copolymer) verwendet werden. Neben der Temperaturbeständigkeit bis 205°C, dem elektrischen und mechanischen Schutz bietet diese Methode die Möglichkeit, die sehr feuchtigkeitsempfindlichen Aktoren hermetisch zu verkapseln.According to the invention, a PTFE shrink tube with an FEP inner coating can also be used (Tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer) can be used. In addition to the Temperature resistance up to 205 ° C, the electrical and mechanical protection This method offers the possibility of the very moisture sensitive actuators encapsulate hermetically.
Nachfolgend wird beispielhaft das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren anhand der Fig. 2a, 2b, 2c beschrieben. The method according to the invention is described by way of example below with reference to FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c.
Der monolithisch ausgeführte Aktorstapel 1 wird beidseitig mit einer Grundmetallisie rung 2 versehen (siehe Fig. 2c). Diese kann aus jedem leitfähigen Material bestehen das bis etwa 400°C thermisch belastbar ist, vorzugsweise wird aber eine galvanisch abgeschiedene Nickelschicht mit bondfähigem Feingoldüberzug verwendet.The monolithic actuator stack 1 is provided on both sides with a basic metallization 2 (see FIG. 2c). This can consist of any conductive material that can withstand thermal loads of up to approximately 400 ° C, but preferably an electrodeposited nickel layer with a bondable fine gold coating is used.
Auf diese Grundmetallisierung 2 werden strukturierte Außenelektroden 5 aufgelegt. Diese können aus Drahtgeflecht, Drahtgewirk oder Metallschaum bestehen, vorzugs weise wird gewellte Metallfolie verwendet, die die gleiche galvanische Oberfläche wie die Grundmetallisierung aufweist.Structured outer electrodes 5 are placed on this base metallization 2 . These can consist of wire mesh, wire mesh or metal foam, preferably, corrugated metal foil is used, which has the same galvanic surface as the base metallization.
Auf die strukturierten Außenelektroden 5 werden Druckstücke 6 aus thermisch be ständigem, elastischen Material aufgelegt, vorzugsweise PTFE, Drahtgewirk oder Drahtgeflecht, die vorzugsweise als Zylinder oder Zylinderabschnitt ausgeformt sind.On the structured outer electrodes 5 pressure pieces 6 are placed from thermally be permanent, elastic material, preferably PTFE, knitted wire or wire mesh, which are preferably formed as a cylinder or cylinder section.
Am Boden des Aktorstapels wird das zylindrisch geformte Fußstück 7 positioniert, das zwei isolierte elektrische Durchführungen 8 aufweist. Als Material für das Fußstück kommen gängige Metalle oder Keramikwerkstoffe in Frage, vorzugsweise aber Stahl oder im thermischen Ausdehnungsverhalten dem Aktor angepaßte Legierungen, wie FeNi42 und Aluminiumnitrid. Die durchgeführten Anschlüsse 8 weisen vorzugsweise die gleiche galvanische Oberfläche wie die Grundmetallisierung 2 auf und sind mit Glas, Keramik oder PTFE gegen das Fußstück isoliert. Ihre oberen Enden kommen jeweils auf eine der strukturierten Außenelektroden 5 zu liegen.The cylindrically shaped foot piece 7 , which has two insulated electrical feedthroughs 8 , is positioned on the bottom of the actuator stack. Common metals or ceramic materials come into question as the material for the foot piece, but preferably steel or alloys such as FeNi42 and aluminum nitride which are adapted to the actuator in terms of thermal expansion behavior. The connections 8 carried out preferably have the same galvanic surface as the base metallization 2 and are insulated from the base piece with glass, ceramic or PTFE. Their upper ends come to rest on one of the structured outer electrodes 5 .
Das Fußstück 7 kann mit den an die durchgeführten Drähte 8 angeschweißten struk turierten Außenelektroden 5 und den Druckstücken 6 eine Montageeinheit bilden.The foot piece 7 can form an assembly unit with the welded wires 8 to the structured outer electrodes 5 and the pressure pieces 6 .
Am Kopf des Aktorstapels wird das zylindrisch geformte Kopfstück 9 positioniert. Es besteht aus dem gleichen Material wie das Fußstück.The cylindrically shaped head piece 9 is positioned at the head of the actuator stack. It is made of the same material as the foot piece.
Kopf- und Fußstück weisen vorteilhafterweise rundumlaufende Nuten 12 auf um die Dichtwirkung des Schrumpfschlauches 10 zu verbessern. The head and foot piece advantageously have all-round grooves 12 in order to improve the sealing effect of the shrink tube 10 .
Über die Anordnung wird ein passender handelsüblicher PTFE Schrumpfschlauch 10 geschoben, der eine unterhalb der Schrumpftemperatur schmelzbare FEP- Innenbeschichtung 11 aufweist. Die Anordnung wird nun auf die Schrumpftemperatur von etwa 350°C gebracht, wobei der Schrumpfschlauch 10 radial und axial schrumpft und die Einzelkomponenten mit hoher Kraft verspannt. Die Innenbeschichtung 11 des Schrumpfschlauches 10 schmilzt und verbindet sich unlösbar und völlig dicht mit den Einzelkomponenten.A suitable commercially available PTFE shrink tube 10 is pushed over the arrangement and has an FEP inner coating 11 which can be melted below the shrinking temperature. The arrangement is now brought to the shrink temperature of approximately 350 ° C., the shrink tube 10 shrinking radially and axially and bracing the individual components with high force. The inner coating 11 of the shrink tube 10 melts and connects inseparably and completely tightly to the individual components.
Als Ergebnis erhält man einen feuchtigkeitsgeschützten und stoßgeschützten Aktor der für den Einsatz unter hochdynamischen Bedingungen bis 200°C gut geeignet ist.The result is a moisture-proof and shock-proof actuator which is well suited for use under highly dynamic conditions up to 200 ° C.
Das beschriebene Verfahren kann analog und besonders vorteilhaft für Aktoren ein gesetzt werden, die aus einzelnen, fertig gesinterten Scheiben 13 gestapelt werden (Fig. 3a, 3b). Die Kraft der axialen Schrumpfung des Schrumpfschlauches macht dabei eine Verklebung der Scheiben untereinander überflüssig. Bei geeigneter For mung und Materialauswahl der Innenelektroden 14, vorzugsweise durch eine partiell 15 um die Kanten der Scheiben reichende galvanisch abgeschiedene Nickelschicht mit bondfähigem Feingoldüberzug, kann auf eine Grundmetallisierung verzichtet wer den.The described method can be used analogously and particularly advantageously for actuators which are stacked from individual, sintered disks 13 (FIGS . 3a, 3b). The force of the axial shrinkage of the shrink tube makes it unnecessary to bond the disks to one another. With suitable shaping and material selection of the internal electrodes 14 , preferably by a partially 15 galvanically deposited nickel layer with bondable fine gold coating reaching around the edges of the disks, a basic metallization can be dispensed with.
Um die PTFE-Schicht völlig wasserdampfundurchlässig zu machen wird das Verfah
ren erfindungsgemäß wie folgt fortgesetzt:
Der fertig eingeschrumpfte Aktor wird, z. B. mittels Plasmaätzen und anschließendem
Sputtern mit Ni/Cu rundum mit einer leitfähigen Metallschicht 16 überzogen, wodurch
das vom Aktor ausgehende elektrische Feld abgeschirmt und die Diffusion von Was
serdampf blockiert wird (Fig. 4). Anschließend wird der Aktor mit einem thermisch
beständigem Polymer 17 umhüllt, z. B. durch abermaliges Einschrumpfen in einen
dünnwandigen PTFE Schrumpfschlauch.
In order to make the PTFE layer completely impermeable to water vapor, the process according to the invention is continued as follows:
The shrunk actuator is z. B. by means of plasma etching and subsequent sputtering with Ni / Cu all around with a conductive metal layer 16 , whereby the electric field emanating from the actuator is shielded and the diffusion of water vapor is blocked ( Fig. 4). The actuator is then coated with a thermally resistant polymer 17 , for. B. by shrinking again into a thin-walled PTFE shrink tube.
Als Ergebnis erhält man einen hermetisch dichten stoßgeschützten Aktor der für den Einsatz unter hochdynamischen Bedingungen bis 200°C gut geeignet ist.The result is a hermetically sealed, shockproof actuator for the Use under highly dynamic conditions up to 200 ° C is well suited.
Nachfolgend werden die Figuren nochmals der Reihe nach beschrieben.The figures are described once again in the following.
Fig. 1 zeigt als Beispiel einen Festkörperaktor nach dem Stand der Technik, wobei der monolithische Aktorstapel 1 mit wechselseitig herausgeführten Innenelektroden 14 beidseitig mit einer Grundmetallisierung 2 beschichtet ist, die wiederum mit Lot 3 ver stärkt ist. An das Lot 3 sind die elektrischen Anschlüsse 4 gelötet. Die gesamte An ordnung ist mit einem handelsüblichen Schutzlack überzogen. Fig. 1 shows an example of a solid state actuator according to the prior art, wherein the monolithic actuator stack 1 with mutually led out internal electrodes 14 is coated on both sides with a base metallization 2 , which in turn is reinforced with solder 3 ver. The electrical connections 4 are soldered to the solder 3 . The entire arrangement is covered with a commercially available protective lacquer.
Fig. 2a zeigt als Beispiel einen vertikalen mittigen Schnitt durch einen erfindungs gemäß montierten Festkörperaktor, wobei der monolithische Aktorstapel 1 mit wech selseitig herausgeführten Innenelektroden 14 beidseitig mit einer Grundmetallisierung 2 beschichtet ist, an die mittels des PTFE-Schrumpfschlauches 10 und den Druck stücken 6 die hier nur angedeutete strukturierte Außenelektrode 5 (gewellte Metallfo lie) angepreßt wird. Die FEP-Innenbeschichtung 11 des Schrumpfschlauches ist ge schmolzen und füllt alle verbliebenen Hohlräume. Das Fußstück 7 mit den elektrisch isolierten Durchführungen 8 und das Kopfstück 9 spannen den Aktor 1 axial und dichten mit den Nuten 12 gegen Umgebungsfeuchtigkeit ab. Fig. 2a shows an example of a vertical central section through a solid-state actuator according to the invention, wherein the monolithic actuator stack 1 with alternating internal electrodes 14 is coated on both sides with a base metallization 2 , to which by means of the PTFE shrink tube 10 and the pressure pieces 6 here only indicated structured outer electrode 5 (corrugated Metallfo lie) is pressed. The FEP inner coating 11 of the shrink tube is melted and fills all remaining cavities. The foot piece 7 with the electrically insulated feedthroughs 8 and the head piece 9 tension the actuator 1 axially and seal with the grooves 12 against ambient moisture.
Fig. 2b zeigt einen horizontalen mittigen Schnitt durch den gleichen Aktor, wobei gleiche Zahlen die gleichen Gegenstände bezeichnen. FIG. 2b shows a horizontal center section through the same actuator, wherein like numerals designate the same items.
Fig. 2c zeigt einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus dem Fußbereich der Fig. 2a, wobei gleiche Zahlen wiederum die gleichen Gegenstände bezeichnen. FIG. 2c shows an enlarged section from the foot area of FIG. 2a, the same numbers again denoting the same objects.
Fig. 3a zeigt als Beispiel einen vertikalen mittigen Schnitt durch einen erfindungs gemäß montierten Festkörperaktor, wobei der Aktorstapel 1 aus einzeln gesinterten Scheiben 13 besteht, deren Flächen galvanisch mit einer Ni/Au-Schicht 14 überzogen sind, die an einer Stelle der Scheibe 15 um deren Rand herumgezogen ist. Mittels des PTFE-Schrumpfschlauches 10 wird die als Zylinderabschnitt geformte, strukturierte Außenelektrode 5 (Drahtgewirk) angepreßt. Die FEP-Innenbeschichtung 11 des Schrumpfschlauches ist geschmolzen und füllt alle verbliebenen Hohlräume. Das Fußstück 7 mit den elektrisch isolierten Durchführungen 8 und das Kopfstück 9 span nen den Aktor 1 axial und dichten mit den Nuten 12 gegen Umgebungsfeuchtigkeit ab. Fig. 3a shows an example of a vertical central section through a solid-state actuator according to the invention, wherein the actuator stack 1 consists of individually sintered disks 13 , the surfaces of which are galvanically coated with a Ni / Au layer 14 , which at one point of the disk 15 the edge of which is drawn around. By means of the PTFE shrink-tube 10, the shaped as a cylinder section, structured outer electrode 5 (wire mesh) pressed. The FEP inner coating 11 of the shrink tube has melted and fills all remaining cavities. The foot 7 with the electrically insulated bushings 8 and the head 9 span the actuator 1 axially and seal with the grooves 12 against ambient moisture.
Fig. 3b zeigt einen horizontalen mittigen Schnitt durch den gleichen Aktor, wobei gleiche Zahlen die gleichen Gegenstände bezeichnen. FIG. 3b shows a horizontal center section through the same actuator, wherein like numerals designate the same items.
Fig. 4 zeigt als Beispiel einen vertikalen mittigen Schnitt durch einen erfindungsge mäß montierten Festkörperaktor entsprechend der Beschreibung unter Fig. 2a. Die zusätzliche allseitige metallische Beschichtung 16 verhindert Wasserdampfdiffusion und wird ihrerseits durch den dünnwandigen PTFE-Schrumpfschlauch 17 mechanisch geschützt. Fig. 4 shows an example of a vertical central section through a solid-state actuator according to the invention according to the description in Fig. 2a. The additional all-round metallic coating 16 prevents water vapor diffusion and is in turn mechanically protected by the thin-walled PTFE shrink tube 17 .
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19753930A DE19753930A1 (en) | 1997-12-05 | 1997-12-05 | Process for attaching external electrodes to solid state actuators |
| PCT/EP1998/007899 WO1999030374A1 (en) | 1997-12-05 | 1998-12-04 | Method for mounting external electrodes on semiconductor actuators |
| EP98965233A EP1036419A1 (en) | 1997-12-05 | 1998-12-04 | Method for mounting external electrodes on semiconductor actuators |
| JP2000524828A JP2001526465A (en) | 1997-12-05 | 1998-12-04 | How to attach external electrodes to a solid state actuator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19753930A DE19753930A1 (en) | 1997-12-05 | 1997-12-05 | Process for attaching external electrodes to solid state actuators |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE19753930A1 true DE19753930A1 (en) | 1999-06-10 |
Family
ID=7850812
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19753930A Withdrawn DE19753930A1 (en) | 1997-12-05 | 1997-12-05 | Process for attaching external electrodes to solid state actuators |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1036419A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001526465A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19753930A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999030374A1 (en) |
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| DE10046657A1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-04-04 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Manufacture of piezoelectric element e.g. for vehicle fuel injection system actuator, by forming block with neutral regions, and separating after sintering |
| DE10046661A1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-04-04 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Piezoactuator e.g. for fuel injector of IC engine, has piezoelement clamped between head and foot parts, and casing attached securely to foot part in sealed manner |
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| DE102006006076A1 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-16 | Siemens Ag | Piezo-actuator has elastic, pre-cast and passive transmitter arranged between piezo-stack and casing, where casing surrounds piezo-stack |
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| DE102006018916A1 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2007-10-25 | Siemens Ag | Fluid e.g. fuel, injector`s metallic body for internal combustion engine of motor vehicle, has electrical conductors led through ceramic bodies that are fastened to recesses by hard solder joints, and grooves formed outside recesses |
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| WO2007122149A1 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-11-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Piezoelectric actuator module having a sheath, and a method for producing said module |
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| JP4737799B2 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2011-08-03 | 京セラ株式会社 | Multilayer piezoelectric actuator and injection device |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1036419A1 (en) | 2000-09-20 |
| WO1999030374A1 (en) | 1999-06-17 |
| JP2001526465A (en) | 2001-12-18 |
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