DE19723911A1 - Low temperature pyrolysis of e.g. lumpy scrap containing low-melting alloy, composites and harmful substances - Google Patents
Low temperature pyrolysis of e.g. lumpy scrap containing low-melting alloy, composites and harmful substancesInfo
- Publication number
- DE19723911A1 DE19723911A1 DE1997123911 DE19723911A DE19723911A1 DE 19723911 A1 DE19723911 A1 DE 19723911A1 DE 1997123911 DE1997123911 DE 1997123911 DE 19723911 A DE19723911 A DE 19723911A DE 19723911 A1 DE19723911 A1 DE 19723911A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- smoldering
- gas
- pilot
- char
- oxygen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910000743 fusible alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000952 Be alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/18—Modifying the properties of the distillation gases in the oven
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
- F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
Beim Schwelen wird einem brennfähigen Feststoff gerade soviel Wärme zugeführt, daß er nicht schmilzt oder verbrennt; die Wärme wird dabei mit der Sauerstoffzufuhr in das Schwelgut hinein dosiert. Die dabei entstehenden Schwelgase sind unvollständig oxidiert und umweltschädlich, wenn sie nicht nachverbrannt und gereinigt werden. Wenn, wie im alten Meilerverfahren, Schwelgas- und Wärmestrom gleichgerichtet sind, kann nur langsam verschwelt werden, damit der Feststoff nicht überhitzt (verbrannt) wird. Hohe Schwelgeschwindigkeiten erreicht man dagegen in moderneren (Schwel-Brenn)-Verfahren, indem Wärme im Gegenstrom zu den abziehenden Schwelgasen und gezielt Sauerstoff auf das Schwelgut aufgebracht wird. Dazu wird die bei der Nachverbrennung entstehende Wärme für die Verschwelung genutzt, in dem der Gasstrom (Schwelgas + Sauerstoff = Heißgas) dem Feststoffstrom entgegengeführt wird, um die Wärme des Heißgases (Wärmequelle) zur Verschwelung des Feststoffs (Wärmesenke) einzusetzen. Durch Wärmeaustauscher wird die Energie des Heißgases auf den Feststoff übertragen, damit sich Schwelgas und Heißgas nicht vermischen und die Sauerstoffzufuhr für die Verschwelung gezielt erfolgen kann. Apparativer Aufwand und Wärmeverluste sind damit vorgegeben.When smoldering, so much heat is added to a combustible solid that it does not melt or burns; the heat is metered into the carbonization with the supply of oxygen. The resulting Smoldering gases are incompletely oxidized and harmful to the environment if they are not burned and cleaned. If, as in the old Meiler process, carbonization and heat flow are rectified, it can only be slow be charred so that the solid is not overheated (burned). High smoldering speeds achieved one, on the other hand, in more modern (smoldering and burning) processes, in which heat is countercurrent to the stripping Carbonization gases and targeted oxygen is applied to the carbonization material. This will be the afterburning The heat generated is used for the smoldering in which the gas flow (carbonization gas + oxygen = hot gas) Solid flow is counter-directed to the heat of the hot gas (heat source) for smoldering the Solid (heat sink) to use. The energy of the hot gas is transferred to the solid by heat exchangers transmitted so that carbonization gas and hot gas do not mix and the oxygen supply for the carbonization can be targeted. Equipment expenditure and heat losses are thus predetermined.
Wärmeübertragung durch Strahlung wird im täglichen Gebrauch und in der Technik vielfach angewendet. Bekannt ist jedoch nicht, daß aus der Wärmestrahlung nachverbrannter Schwelgase ein Schwelprozeß autogen betrieben werden kann. Ein solches Verfahren wäre zwar energiesparend und wirtschaftlich, jedoch schwierig zu realisieren, weil für die Nachverbrennung hohe aber für die Verschwelung niedrige Temperaturen und Sauerstoffangebote erforderlich sind.Heat transfer by radiation is widely used in daily use and in technology. However, it is not known that a smoldering process is autogenous from the thermal radiation of afterburned smoldering gases can be operated. Such a process would be energy efficient and economical, but difficult to do Realize because high temperatures for afterburning but low for charring Oxygen offers are required.
Die Verwendung von Zwischenwänden (Wärmeaustausch durch Flächen oder Rohrwände) bedingt Kosten bei Investitionen und Betrieb im Vergleich zur erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung, wo ein Wärmeaustausch zwischen Nachverbrennungszone und zu verschwelendem Feststoff ohne Zwischenwände erfolgen kann. Insbesondere für relativ kleine Mengen von zu verschwelenden Feststoffen sind einfache Konstruktionen ohne Wärmeaustauscher wirtschaftlicher.The use of partitions (heat exchange through surfaces or pipe walls) entails costs Investment and operation compared to the arrangement according to the invention, where a heat exchange between Afterburning zone and solid to be smoldered can be done without partition walls. Especially for Relatively small amounts of solids to be smoldered are simple constructions without a heat exchanger more economical.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sollen Kunstoff-Keramik-Metallverbunde mit gefährlichen Inhaltstoffen und niedrigschmelzenden Metallegierungen sowohl energiesparend als auch umweltsicher verschwelt werden. Es ist deshalb für solche Einsatzstoffe erforderlich, den zu verschwelenden Feststoff bei nicht zu hohen und die Schwelabgase bei nicht zu niedrigen Temperaturen zu oxidieren. Die Wärme der Schwelgasnachverbrennung soll für den Wärmebedarf beim Schwelen auf einfache Weise ohne Wärmeaustauscher-Zwischenwände genutzt werden.With the method according to the invention, plastic-ceramic-metal composites with dangerous ingredients are said to be and low-melting metal alloys are both energy-saving and environmentally safe. It is therefore necessary for such feedstocks, the solid to be smoldered at not too high and the Oxidize smoldering gases at not too low temperatures. The heat of the smoldering gas post-combustion should used for the heat demand when smoldering in a simple way without heat exchanger partitions will.
Die Nachverbrennungszone wird so nahe am Schwelgut angeordnet und die Zündflamme so klein eingestellt, daß die erforderliche Schwelwärme nur durch Strahlung aus der Nachverbrennungszone auf dieses und dem Schwelgasstrom entgegengerichtet übertragen werden kann.The afterburning zone is arranged so close to the smoldering material and the pilot light is set so small that the required smoldering heat only by radiation from the afterburning zone on this and that Smoldering gas flow can be transmitted in the opposite direction.
Da der für eine energetisch günstige Verschwelung erforderliche Gegenstrom-Wärmeaustausch zwischen Nachverbrennungszone und zu verschwelendem Feststoff ausschließlich durch Strahlung stattfindet, können herkömmliche Apparaturen zum Wärmeaustausch entfallen. Indem der Brennstoffgehalt des Einsatzes genutzt wird, können auf diese Weise gleichzeitig ein fester Schwelrückstand bei niedrigen Temperaturen und Sauerstoffpartialdrücke und bei hohen Temperaturen und Sauerstoffpartialdrücken ein vollständig nachverbranntes Heißgas erzeugt werden. Für kleinere Mengen zu verschwelenden Feststoffs ist dies im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik wirtschaftlicher. Because the countercurrent heat exchange required for an energetically favorable carbonization between Afterburning zone and solid to be smoldered can only take place by radiation Conventional heat exchange devices are no longer required. By using the fuel content of the insert a solid smoldering residue at low temperatures and Oxygen partial pressures and at high temperatures and oxygen partial pressures a completely afterburned Hot gas are generated. For smaller amounts of solid to be smoldered, this is compared to the state of the Technology more economical.
In einem Kanal (1), durch den Heißgas (2) mit einem Gebläse abgesaugt wird, ist ein Zündbrenner (4) angeordnet, dessen stark oxidierend eingestellte Flamme den Schwelgasen entgegengerichtet ist. Vor den Düsen dieses Brenners bildet sich deshalb eine Nachverbrennungszone (5) mit hohen Temperaturen bis zu ca. 2000°C aus; in ihr werden die entgegenströmenden Schwelgase (6) zusammen mit entweder dem Sauerstoffüberschuß des Brenners oder zusätzlich mit Sauerstoff aus der Zentraldüse (7) des Brenners oder aus Nebendüsen (8) nachverbrannt. Heißgaskanal und Brenner sind so dimensioniert, daß die Schwelgase ausschließlich über die Nachverbrennungszone als vollständig verbranntes Heißgas (2) die Vorrichtung verlassen können. Weder die Zündflamme noch die Nachverbrennungszone berühren das Schwelgut (3) konvektiv, vielmehr wird dieses durch Wärmestrahlung (9) aus der Nachverbrennungszone erhitzt. Da die oben erwähnten Sauerstoffströme dosiert und gerichtet auf das Schwelgut (3) zugegeben werden können, kann die Temperatur dort niedrig, z. B. bei 700°C gehalten werden. Zu Beginn eines Schwelvorganges muß der Brenner kurzzeitig näher an das Schwelgut herangefahren werden, damit sich die Nachverbrennungszone ausbilden kann (Zündung). Danach laufen das Schwelen und die Nachverbrennung bis auf die kleine Zündflamme nahezu autogen ab.A pilot burner ( 4 ) is arranged in a duct ( 1 ) through which hot gas ( 2 ) is drawn off with a blower, the flame of which is strongly oxidizing and is directed towards the carbonization gases. A post-combustion zone ( 5 ) with high temperatures of up to approx. 2000 ° C. therefore forms in front of the nozzles of this burner; in it the countercurrent smoldering gases ( 6 ) are burned together with either the excess oxygen of the burner or additionally with oxygen from the central nozzle ( 7 ) of the burner or from secondary nozzles ( 8 ). The hot gas duct and burner are dimensioned such that the carbonization gases can leave the device only via the afterburning zone as completely burned hot gas ( 2 ). Neither the pilot flame nor the afterburning zone convectively touch the carbonized material ( 3 ); rather, it is heated by thermal radiation ( 9 ) from the afterburning zone. Since the above-mentioned oxygen flows can be metered and directed towards the char ( 3 ), the temperature can be low there, e.g. B. be kept at 700 ° C. At the beginning of a smoldering process, the burner must be briefly moved closer to the smoldering material so that the afterburning zone can form (ignition). After that, the smoldering and the afterburning are almost autogenous except for the small pilot light.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1997123911 DE19723911A1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1997-06-06 | Low temperature pyrolysis of e.g. lumpy scrap containing low-melting alloy, composites and harmful substances |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1997123911 DE19723911A1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1997-06-06 | Low temperature pyrolysis of e.g. lumpy scrap containing low-melting alloy, composites and harmful substances |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE19723911A1 true DE19723911A1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
Family
ID=7831691
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1997123911 Withdrawn DE19723911A1 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 1997-06-06 | Low temperature pyrolysis of e.g. lumpy scrap containing low-melting alloy, composites and harmful substances |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19723911A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2432425B2 (en) * | 1974-07-04 | 1976-05-26 | ROTARY FURNACE MOUNTED IN ANGLED POSITION AND AIR-TIGHTLY CLOSED AT BOTH ENDS | |
| DE2810839A1 (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1979-10-31 | Herit Ag | PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE RECOVERY OF SECONDARY MATERIALS FROM PYROLYTICALLY DECOMPOSED MATERIALS FROM PYROLYTICALLY DECOMPOSED MATERIALS, IN A USED CONDITION, RECOVERED, PRESERVED AND / OR TO BE TRANSFERRED IN IT |
| DE4420420A1 (en) * | 1994-06-10 | 1995-12-14 | Siemens Ag | Process and plant for waste processing |
-
1997
- 1997-06-06 DE DE1997123911 patent/DE19723911A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2432425B2 (en) * | 1974-07-04 | 1976-05-26 | ROTARY FURNACE MOUNTED IN ANGLED POSITION AND AIR-TIGHTLY CLOSED AT BOTH ENDS | |
| DE2810839A1 (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1979-10-31 | Herit Ag | PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE RECOVERY OF SECONDARY MATERIALS FROM PYROLYTICALLY DECOMPOSED MATERIALS FROM PYROLYTICALLY DECOMPOSED MATERIALS, IN A USED CONDITION, RECOVERED, PRESERVED AND / OR TO BE TRANSFERRED IN IT |
| DE4420420A1 (en) * | 1994-06-10 | 1995-12-14 | Siemens Ag | Process and plant for waste processing |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OM8 | Search report available as to paragraph 43 lit. 1 sentence 1 patent law | ||
| 8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
| 8125 | Change of the main classification |
Ipc: C10B 53/00 |
|
| 8130 | Withdrawal |