DE19612334A1 - Foot overload warning device for patients after leg or hip operations - Google Patents
Foot overload warning device for patients after leg or hip operationsInfo
- Publication number
- DE19612334A1 DE19612334A1 DE19612334A DE19612334A DE19612334A1 DE 19612334 A1 DE19612334 A1 DE 19612334A1 DE 19612334 A DE19612334 A DE 19612334A DE 19612334 A DE19612334 A DE 19612334A DE 19612334 A1 DE19612334 A1 DE 19612334A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- pressure sensor
- foot
- current
- leg
- warning device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000003423 ankle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001624 hip Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/1036—Measuring load distribution, e.g. podologic studies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices ; Anti-rape devices
- A61F5/01—Orthopaedic devices, e.g. long-term immobilising or pressure directing devices for treating broken or deformed bones such as splints, casts or braces
- A61F5/0195—Shoe-like orthopaedic devices for protecting the feet against injuries after operations
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Nursing (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
- Rehabilitation Tools (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein tragbares Fuß-Belastungs-Warn gerät für die schonende Rehabilitation von operierten Pat ienten (wie Beinbrüche, Hüft-, Knie-, Fußgelenkoperationen usw.) sowie für alle invaliden Personen, die eine best immte Fußbelastung nicht überschreiten dürfen.The invention relates to a portable foot stress warning device for the gentle rehabilitation of operated patients ienten (such as broken legs, hip, knee, ankle surgery etc.) as well as for all disabled people who have a best must not exceed the constant foot load.
Insbesondere nach Beinoperationen ist es entscheidend, daß der Patient das operierte Bein in der ersten Zeit nur mini mal und in der Folge nur allmählich etwas mehr belastet um die vom Arzt vorgeschriebene Höchstbelastung nicht zu über schreiten. Erkann sie höchstens durch wiederholte Belast ungen auf einer Fußwaage kontrollieren, das richtige Gefühl dafür wird er sich aber nur in ganz grober Annäher ung aneignen können.After leg operations in particular, it is crucial that the patient only operated on the operated leg for the first time sometimes and only gradually a little bit more not exceed the maximum load prescribed by the doctor stride. You can only recognize them by repeated stress Check the solutions on a foot scale, the right one But he will only get a feel for it in very rough approximation can acquire appropriately.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, diesen immer wieder beobacht eten Übelstand zu überwinden und dem Patienten ein Mittel in die Hand zu geben, um eine Überlastung trotz täglichem Belastungstraining mit Sicherheit zu vermeiden.The object of the invention is to observe this again and again Overcoming evil and giving the patient a remedy in hand to keep an overload despite daily Avoid stress training with certainty.
Zu diesem Zweck schafft die Erfindung ein tragbares Fuß- Belastungs-Warngerät, das gekennzeichnet ist durch einen unter dem Fuß des Patienten anzubringenden Drucksensor, einen mit diesem funktionsverbundenen Druck-/Strom-Spann ungs-Wandler, einen elektronischen Vergleichsmesser, der bei Überschreitung eines voreinstellbaren Strom-/bzw. Spann ungs-Grenzwertes ein optisches oder akustisches Signal erzeugt, einen Regler zur manuellen Einstellung dieses Grenzwertes und eine Stromquelle zur Versorgung der elek trischen Elemente.To this end, the invention provides a portable foot Load warning device, which is identified by a pressure sensor to be attached under the patient's foot, one with this function-related pressure / current clamp ungs converter, an electronic comparison knife, which at Exceeding a preset current / or. Tension a visual or acoustic signal generates a controller for manual adjustment of this Limit value and a power source to supply the elec trical elements.
Der Drucksensor kann eine mit einem Fluid gefüllte elast ische Kapsel, ein mit einem Fluid gefüllter, zur Spirale gewickelter Schlauch, ein eingepannter Biegestab mit auf diesem aufgebrachtem Dehnungsmeßstreifen oder eine als elektrischer Kondensator ausgebildete Sohle sein, dessen durch die Belastungen bewirkte Kapazitätsänderungen in ein elektrisches Signal umgewandelt und einem elektronischen Meßwandler zugeführt werden. The pressure sensor can be an elastic filled with a fluid is capsule, a filled with a fluid, to the spiral wound hose, a clamped bending rod with this applied strain gauge or as electrical capacitor formed sole, the changes in capacity caused by the loads in a electrical signal converted and an electronic Transducers are supplied.
Zweckmäßig ist der Drucksensor im Sohlenbereich eines Schuhs, der Wandler am hinteren Ende desselben und Regler sowie Stromquelle in einem am Patienten zu tragenden Käst chen untergebracht.The pressure sensor in the sole area is expedient Schuhs, the converter at the rear end of it and regulator and power source in a box to be carried on the patient Chen housed.
Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführung ist der Wand ler ein piezo-elektrisches Element, dem ein Stromverstärker nachgeschaltet ist.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the wall ler a piezo-electric element, to which a current amplifier is connected downstream.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfind ungsgemäßen Warngerätes rein schematisch dargestellt.In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention Warning device according to the invention shown purely schematically.
In einem Schuh 1 (z. B. einem unter der Markenbezeichnung "Ilco-Adopter" bekannten offenen Holzschuh) ist in einer Ausnehmung 2 der Sohlenoberfläche eine elastische Kapsel 3 untergebracht, die mit Hydrauliköl oder einem anderen zweckdienlichen Druckfluid gefüllt ist.In a shoe 1 (for example an open wooden shoe known under the brand name "Ilco-Adopter") an elastic capsule 3 is accommodated in a recess 2 of the sole surface, which capsule is filled with hydraulic oil or another suitable pressure fluid.
Mit 4 ist eine versteifte Fersenhalterung anstelle eines Oberleders und mit 5 ein üblicher Halteriemen mit Ver stell-Schnalle 6 bezeichnet.With 4 , a stiffened heel holder instead of an upper leather and 5 is a conventional strap with Ver adjusting buckle 6 .
An der Halterung 4 ist hinten ein Druck-Stromwandler 7 in Form eines piezo-elektrischen Elementes oder ein Druck- Spannungswandler befestigt, der über eine Druckleitung 8 mit der Kapsel 3 verbunden ist. Das piezo-elektrische Element liefert in praktisch linearer Abhängigkeit vom Belastungsdruck einen Strom von etwa 4-20 Milliampere. Ein dünnes elektrisches Kabel 9 verbindet den Wandler 7 mit einem Kästchen 10, das die elektronischen Steuer- Elemente aufnimmt, und das so gestaltet und dimensioniert ist, daß es bequem in der Hosentasche oder am Gürtel mitgetragen werden kann. Das Kästchen 10 enthält eine Block-Batterie zur Stromversorgung und einen elektron ischen Vergleichsmesser, der bei Überschreitung eines voreinstellbaren Strom- bzw. Spannungs-Grenzwertes ein elektrisches Signal erzeugt. Der Ansprechwert des Ver gleichsmessers ist mittels eines Reglers in Form eines äußeren Drehknopfes 11 manuell einstellbar. Die dem Drehknopf 11 zugeordnete Skala kann entweder in Milliamp. oder direkt in kg Fußbelastung aufgetragen sein. Es genügt hierbei, die Belastung in Stufen von 10, 20, 30, 40 und 50 kg anzugeben, wobei eine mechanische Einrast ung für jeden entsprechenden Drehwinkel vorgesehen sein kann. Das Steuergerät ist indessen zweckmäßig für Grenz- Belastungen, z. B. bis 100 kg, dimensioniert.A pressure-current converter 7 in the form of a piezoelectric element or a pressure-voltage converter, which is connected to the capsule 3 via a pressure line 8 , is fastened to the holder 4 at the rear. The piezo-electric element delivers a current of approximately 4-20 milliamperes depending on the loading pressure. A thin electrical cable 9 connects the converter 7 to a box 10 , which receives the electronic control elements, and which is designed and dimensioned so that it can be carried comfortably in your pocket or on your belt. The box 10 contains a block battery for power supply and an electronic comparison knife, which generates an electrical signal when a preset current or voltage limit value is exceeded. The response value of the comparison knife is manually adjustable by means of a controller in the form of an outer rotary knob 11 . The scale assigned to the rotary knob 11 can either be in milliamps. or directly in kg foot load. It is sufficient to specify the load in steps of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg, whereby mechanical engagement can be provided for each corresponding angle of rotation. The control unit is useful for limit loads, for. B. dimensioned up to 100 kg.
Das elektrische Signal des Vergleichsmessers wird über ein weiteres dünnes Kabel 12 einem kleinen elektro-akust ischen Wandler 13 übermittelt, der bei jeder Überschreit ung der eingestellten Belastung ein akustisches Warnsignal erzeugt. Der Wandler 13 ist in Gestalt eines Knopfes im Ohr des Trägers einsetzbar. Statt dessen kann auch ein leichter Kopfhörer vorgesehen sein.The electrical signal of the comparative knife is transmitted via a further thin cable 12 to a small electro-acoustic transducer 13 , which generates an acoustic warning signal each time the set load is exceeded. The transducer 13 can be used in the form of a button in the ear of the wearer. Instead, light headphones can also be provided.
Im Kästchen 10 ist ferner eine Batterie-Prüfschaltung untergebracht, die mit einem Signallämpchen zur Anzeige der ausreichenden Stromversorgung verbunden ist, da der Patient sich auf die Funktionssicherheit des Geräts ver lassen können muß.In box 10 , a battery test circuit is also housed, which is connected to a signal lamp to indicate the sufficient power supply, since the patient must be able to rely on the functional reliability of the device.
Das beschriebene tragbare Gerät erfüllt in vorteilhafter Weise die eingangs erläuterten Forderungen. Jedoch sind im Rahmen der Erfindung zahlreiche Varianten möglich.The portable device described fulfills in an advantageous manner Way the requirements explained above. However are Numerous variants are possible within the scope of the invention.
Statt der Kapsel 3 kann als Drucksensor ein mit Druck fluid gefüllter, zur Spirale gewickelter Schlauch oder ein Torus vorgesehen sein. Statt dessen kann der Sensor auch ein elektrischer Kondensator sein, dessen durch die Belastungen bewirkte Kapazitäts-Änderungen in ein elekt risches Signal umgewandelt und verstärkt der Vergleichs elektronik zugeführt wird. Er kann aber auch ein in der Sohle eingespannter Biegestab mit auf diesem aufgebrachtem Dehnungsmeßstreifen sein, dessen Widerstandsänderungen der Vergleichselektronik zugeführt werden.Instead of the capsule 3 , a hose filled with pressure, wound into a spiral or a torus can be provided as the pressure sensor. Instead, the sensor can also be an electrical capacitor, the capacitance changes caused by the loads are converted into an electrical signal and increasingly fed to the comparison electronics. However, it can also be a bending rod clamped in the sole with strain gauges applied thereon, the resistance changes of which are fed to the comparative electronics.
Die steife Sohle kann mit einem Gelenk ausgebildet sein, wobei jeder Sohlenteil mit einem Sensor versehen ist. Ferner kann der Sensor mit einer ihn überdeckenden Druck ausgleichsplatte versehen sein.The rigid sole can be formed with a joint, each sole part is provided with a sensor. Furthermore, the sensor can with a pressure covering it compensating plate.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH94595 | 1995-04-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE19612334A1 true DE19612334A1 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
Family
ID=4198828
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19612334A Withdrawn DE19612334A1 (en) | 1995-04-04 | 1996-03-28 | Foot overload warning device for patients after leg or hip operations |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19612334A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19751878A1 (en) * | 1997-11-22 | 1999-05-27 | Sonja Lange | Indication system for occurrence of loading on foot or leg e.g. for rehabilitation, therapy and athletic research |
| DE19949653A1 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2001-04-19 | Robert Wagner | Re-useable alarm for progressive healing of broken bone, is placed in loading path as e.g. insole, and allows for progressive increase of load-warning threshold |
| DE102004030570A1 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2006-01-12 | Gottinger Orthopädie-Technik GmbH | Lower leg orthosis supporting unit for patient with e.g. deep paralysis, has transducer converting mechanical energy into electrical signal and readjusting component or damping component operated based on signal to change unit`s spring rate |
| DE202005005521U1 (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-08-17 | Reich Kg, Regel- Und Sicherheitstechnik | force gauge |
| US11451965B2 (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2022-09-20 | T.J.Smith And Nephew, Limited | Device communication management in user activity monitoring systems |
| US11638554B2 (en) | 2018-02-21 | 2023-05-02 | T.J.Smith And Nephew, Limited | Negative pressure dressing system with foot load monitoring |
| US12239454B2 (en) | 2019-05-01 | 2025-03-04 | T.J.Smith And Nephew, Limited | Communication and user interface control in user activity monitoring systems |
Citations (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3791375A (en) * | 1971-09-29 | 1974-02-12 | E Pfeiffer | Device for sensing and warning of excessive ambulation force |
| US3974491A (en) * | 1974-07-22 | 1976-08-10 | Smithkline Corporation | Load signaling device for a patient's foot |
| DE2656864A1 (en) * | 1976-11-10 | 1978-05-11 | Straumann Inst Ag | Instrument for measuring weight carried by foot - has sensor which fits as insole into ordinary shoe |
| EP0136247A2 (en) * | 1983-08-19 | 1985-04-03 | Brig Research Ltd. | Apparatus for the prevention of pressure sores |
| US4647918A (en) * | 1985-01-16 | 1987-03-03 | Goforth William P | Multi-event notification system for monitoring critical pressure points on persons with diminished sensation of the feet |
| DE3631923A1 (en) * | 1986-09-19 | 1988-03-31 | Hanno Ernst | Device for measuring compressive forces |
| US4745930A (en) * | 1986-10-16 | 1988-05-24 | Chattanooga Corporation | Force sensing insole for electro-goniometer |
| DE3714218A1 (en) * | 1987-04-29 | 1988-12-01 | Huberti Helmut Dr Med | THERAPEUTIC PROTECTIVE DEVICE AGAINST OVERLOAD OF THE HUMAN MOTORIZED APPARATUS, SOCIAL FOOT SCALE |
| DE3732891A1 (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1989-04-20 | Tetron Developments Ges Fuer I | Shoe with measurement device |
| DE3827999A1 (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1990-01-11 | Effner Gmbh | MEASURING DEVICE FOR OPERATING FORCES |
| DE4100834A1 (en) * | 1991-01-14 | 1992-07-16 | Volkmar Meyer | Walking pressure determination equipment - comprises filled chamber under-foot connected to sensor by detachable hose |
| DE4121287A1 (en) * | 1991-06-27 | 1993-01-14 | Psycotron Bioelectronics Prof | Correcting undesirable human behavioural patterns - using combination of pulse rate and skin conductivity measuring appts. to ascertain basic sensitivity of individual reaction to external stimulus |
| DE4308945A1 (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 1993-11-18 | Paromed Medizintechnik Gmbh | Shoe insert for ulcer prophylaxis for diabetic foot - has hydrocell with pressure sensor connected to liquid in cell which activates warning signal if adjustable max. pressure threshold is exceeded |
| DE9406117U1 (en) * | 1994-04-13 | 1994-09-08 | DEKUMED Gesellschaft für Kunststoff- und Medizintechnik mbH, 83233 Bernau | Shoe insert with load monitoring |
| DE4442930A1 (en) * | 1994-12-02 | 1996-06-05 | Wolfgang Singewald | Orthopaedic joint support |
-
1996
- 1996-03-28 DE DE19612334A patent/DE19612334A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3791375A (en) * | 1971-09-29 | 1974-02-12 | E Pfeiffer | Device for sensing and warning of excessive ambulation force |
| US3974491A (en) * | 1974-07-22 | 1976-08-10 | Smithkline Corporation | Load signaling device for a patient's foot |
| DE2656864A1 (en) * | 1976-11-10 | 1978-05-11 | Straumann Inst Ag | Instrument for measuring weight carried by foot - has sensor which fits as insole into ordinary shoe |
| CH603138A5 (en) * | 1976-11-10 | 1978-08-15 | Straumann Inst Ag | |
| EP0136247A2 (en) * | 1983-08-19 | 1985-04-03 | Brig Research Ltd. | Apparatus for the prevention of pressure sores |
| US4647918A (en) * | 1985-01-16 | 1987-03-03 | Goforth William P | Multi-event notification system for monitoring critical pressure points on persons with diminished sensation of the feet |
| DE3631923A1 (en) * | 1986-09-19 | 1988-03-31 | Hanno Ernst | Device for measuring compressive forces |
| US4745930A (en) * | 1986-10-16 | 1988-05-24 | Chattanooga Corporation | Force sensing insole for electro-goniometer |
| DE3714218A1 (en) * | 1987-04-29 | 1988-12-01 | Huberti Helmut Dr Med | THERAPEUTIC PROTECTIVE DEVICE AGAINST OVERLOAD OF THE HUMAN MOTORIZED APPARATUS, SOCIAL FOOT SCALE |
| DE3732891A1 (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1989-04-20 | Tetron Developments Ges Fuer I | Shoe with measurement device |
| DE3827999A1 (en) * | 1988-07-01 | 1990-01-11 | Effner Gmbh | MEASURING DEVICE FOR OPERATING FORCES |
| DE4100834A1 (en) * | 1991-01-14 | 1992-07-16 | Volkmar Meyer | Walking pressure determination equipment - comprises filled chamber under-foot connected to sensor by detachable hose |
| DE4121287A1 (en) * | 1991-06-27 | 1993-01-14 | Psycotron Bioelectronics Prof | Correcting undesirable human behavioural patterns - using combination of pulse rate and skin conductivity measuring appts. to ascertain basic sensitivity of individual reaction to external stimulus |
| DE4308945A1 (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 1993-11-18 | Paromed Medizintechnik Gmbh | Shoe insert for ulcer prophylaxis for diabetic foot - has hydrocell with pressure sensor connected to liquid in cell which activates warning signal if adjustable max. pressure threshold is exceeded |
| DE9406117U1 (en) * | 1994-04-13 | 1994-09-08 | DEKUMED Gesellschaft für Kunststoff- und Medizintechnik mbH, 83233 Bernau | Shoe insert with load monitoring |
| DE4442930A1 (en) * | 1994-12-02 | 1996-06-05 | Wolfgang Singewald | Orthopaedic joint support |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19751878A1 (en) * | 1997-11-22 | 1999-05-27 | Sonja Lange | Indication system for occurrence of loading on foot or leg e.g. for rehabilitation, therapy and athletic research |
| DE19949653A1 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2001-04-19 | Robert Wagner | Re-useable alarm for progressive healing of broken bone, is placed in loading path as e.g. insole, and allows for progressive increase of load-warning threshold |
| DE102004030570A1 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2006-01-12 | Gottinger Orthopädie-Technik GmbH | Lower leg orthosis supporting unit for patient with e.g. deep paralysis, has transducer converting mechanical energy into electrical signal and readjusting component or damping component operated based on signal to change unit`s spring rate |
| DE202005005521U1 (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-08-17 | Reich Kg, Regel- Und Sicherheitstechnik | force gauge |
| EP1709904A2 (en) | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-11 | Reich KG, Regel- und Sicherheitstechnik | Force measuring device for measuring the force applied by a body to a foot |
| US11638554B2 (en) | 2018-02-21 | 2023-05-02 | T.J.Smith And Nephew, Limited | Negative pressure dressing system with foot load monitoring |
| US12357230B2 (en) | 2018-02-21 | 2025-07-15 | T.J.Smith And Nephew, Limited | Dressing system with foot load monitoring |
| US11451965B2 (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2022-09-20 | T.J.Smith And Nephew, Limited | Device communication management in user activity monitoring systems |
| US11722902B2 (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2023-08-08 | T.J.Smith And Nephew,Limited | Device communication management in user activity monitoring systems |
| US12279122B2 (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2025-04-15 | T.J.Smith And Nephew,Limited | Device communication management in user activity monitoring systems |
| US12239454B2 (en) | 2019-05-01 | 2025-03-04 | T.J.Smith And Nephew, Limited | Communication and user interface control in user activity monitoring systems |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR8 | Request for search as to paragraph 43 lit. 1 sentence 1 patent law | ||
| 8122 | Nonbinding interest in granting licences declared | ||
| 8105 | Search report available | ||
| 8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |