DE19608263A1 - Ensiling agent - Google Patents

Abstract

An ensilage agent containing an active quantity of at least one methanogenic bacteria inhibitor.

Description

The invention relates to a ensiling agent containing an effective Amount of at least one inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria. Against State of the invention is also a method for producing the Ensiling agent, as well as its use for ensiling of green fodder and prevention of aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes in the Fermentation feed.

The production of silage has an exceptional role in animal nutrition dental economic importance. There are a number of Zu Substances and processes to improve the fermentation process and known to improve the silage quality. So describes the currently valid list of the German Agricultural Society (DLG) tested silage additives the use of salts formic acid and propionic acid, nitrite compounds, Sor Bic acid, formaldehyde-generating compounds and sugar containing substances, such as. B. Molasses.

In DE-A 39 16 563 the addition of lactic acid-producing Bak series to improve the silage quality. The one effective silage additive reduces feed losses Nutrient breakdown and prevents partial or total ver run through false fermentation.

The general rule for the success of very good silage is that A sufficient amount of lactic acid is produced as quickly as possible and this during the said storage period in the silage lasts.

Important parameters for good ensiling are e.g. B. the buffers capacity of the forage plants, the levels of the plants in antimi secondary ingredients that are acidic and Osmotolerance of naturally occurring and added Lactic acid-producing bacteria, the metabolic performance of the natural epiphyte population, the presence of a sufficient the amount of fermentable carbohydrates and anaerobic conditions feedstock.

There are close interactions between these parameters. At The presence of atmospheric oxygen can cause fermentable carbohydrates through not yet dead plant parts or their enzymes and are broken down by aerobic microorganisms. In this process there is a considerable loss of nutrients, lactic acid  inhibits bacteria in their development and silage at the same time Pests open growth opportunities. This process is ongoing until the atmospheric oxygen is used up. Under unun conditions leads to the fact that the silage quickly and the necessary pH reduction is not achieved. Among these be Clostridia will find conditions favorable growth for you conditions before. Butyric acid bacteria (clostridia) are anaerobic Bacteria, under exclusion of organic substrates, too Break down alcohols, acids, CO₂ and N₂. As acid arises before adds butyric acid. The growth of the clostridia and the ver Bound butyric acid formation affects the quality of the sila gene considerably. This butyric acid fermentation can be completed Spoilage of the silage.

Clostridia are well-known feed and food spoilers.

From the published patent application DE 26 13 503 are organic acids known for ensiling green fodder. Lactic acid bacteria for Si green fodder or the combination of organic Acids and lactic acid bacteria are found in the patents, respectively EP 369 198 B1 and EP 399 385 B1.

Clostridia can be suppressed by adding nitrite. Where where nitrite administration is problematic from a toxicological point of view.

Despite this application of nitrite or nitrate in ensiling silages suffer a constant loss of weight and quality by breathing the sugar and starch through these unwanted Microorganisms. This leads to significant economic Damage.

There was therefore the task of developing butyric acid of bacteria (clostridia), without the disadvantages mentioned above, in prevent the silage and thus anaerobic degradation processes of the silage suppress specifically.

Accordingly, it has now been found that by adding inhibitors me thanogenic bacteria to silage the growth of clostridia aims to be suppressed and thereby the fermentation and quality loss of silage can be significantly reduced. Against State of the invention is a silage containing an active same amount of at least one inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria.  

The invention also relates to a method for the production of the ensiling agent, as well as its use for ensiling green feed and prevention of aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes in the fermentation feed.

Inhibitors suitable for the silage additive according to the invention metha Nogeneous bacteria are all substances that selectively inhibit growth inhibit thanogenic bacteria. Among methanogenic bacteria are Archaea, for example, the following families and genera Methanobac teriacae, Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Methanospaera; Methanothermaceae, Methanotherumus; Methanococcaceae, Methanococ cus; Methanosarcinaceae, Halomethanococcus, Methanococcoides, Me thanohalobium, methanohalophilus, methanolobus, methanosarcina, Methanosaeta; Methanomicrobiaceae, Methanoculleus, Methanogenium, Methanol acinia, methanomicrobiuum, methanoplanus, methanospiril lum; Methanocorpusculaceae to understand Methanocorpusculum.

Inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria are, for example, antibiotics such as puromycin and / or bacitracin, bacteriocins and / or methano gene inhibitors such as bromoethanesulfonic acid and / or monensin. Preferred inhibitors are methanogenesis inhibitors used, very particularly preferably bromoethanesulfonic acid and / or Monensin.

Individual inhibitors or combinations of different ones can be used Inhibitors are used.

The inhibitors can be used to ensilage green fodder and Prevention of anaerobic degradation processes in fermentation feed or in a combination nation with other silage additives, lactic acid produce the Bacteria and / or auxiliaries for ensiling green fodder and Prevention of aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes in fermentation feed be used.

The inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria are found in an amount of 0.01 to 99.9% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 90% by weight, ins particularly 0.5 to 70% by weight based on the total silage amount (= 100 wt .-%) used.

Based on one ton of silage, the inhibitors metha bacterial advantageously in an amount of 0.001 to 10 kg, especially 0.05 to 8 kg, most preferably 0.1 to 5 kg can be used.

All known inorganic ones are suitable as ensiling agents and organic ensiling agents. Inorganic silage additives are z. B. calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, cobalt carbonate, Na  trium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, manganese sulfate, cobalt sulfate, iron, Zinc and / or copper sulfate, sodium metabisulfite, orthophosphorus acid, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, sodium chloride, potassium chloride rid, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, diatomaceous earth, mineral acid ren such as hydrochloric acid and / or sulfuric acid. To be favoured Sodium nitrite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium and / or potassium chloro rid.

Organic silage auxiliaries are e.g. B. formaldehyde, para formaldehyde, hexamethylenetetramine, organic acids and / or to understand their agriculturally useful salts without this being limited. Preferably alphatic C₁-C₇ mono-, di-, tricarboxylic acids, benzoic acid and / or their agriculturally useful salts such as ants acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, Vale rian acid, caproic acid, heptyl acid, acrylic acid, maleic acid, Fumaric acid, citric acid, sorbic acid are used. Especially be preferred acids and / or their agriculturally useful Salts are citric acid, formic acid and / or propionic acid. Be particularly preferred salts are calcium formate, sodium formate, Sodium propionate and / or calcium propionate.

Agricultural salts of the above acids are salts of such bases that do not adversely affect the ensiling effect compromise.

Particularly suitable as basic salts are those of the alkali metals talle, preferably the sodium and potassium salts, the Erdal potash metals, preferably calcium, magnesium, and / or barium salts and the transition metals, preferably manganese, copper, Zinc, cobalt and / or iron salts and the ammonium salts.

The silage auxiliaries can advantageously be used in an amount of 0.1 up to 99.99% by weight, preferably 10 to 99.95% by weight, in particular 25 to 99.5 wt .-%, based on the total amount of silage (= 100 wt .-%) can be used.

The silage auxiliaries can be used individually or in combination with the Si Liermittel be added.

The ensiling agent according to the invention can in principle all Strains of lactic acid producing bacteria (= MSB) added those that grow under the conditions prevailing in the silage and produce sufficient lactic acid, d. H. so much lactic acid form that the pH drop caused by it so quickly  follows that no undesirable microorganisms develop can.

Suitable MSB are advantageously those of the genera lactobacil lus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Carnobacterium, Staphylococcus, Aerococcus and / or Pediococcus. Particularly good gnet are microorganisms of the genus Lactococcus, Lactobacillus and / or Leuconostoc. The genus and is particularly suitable Art Lactobacillus plantarum. The bacteria can be liquid, frozen ren or used in lyphilized form. You can before Use to be mounted on a support and / or with white tere auxiliaries are mixed and / or granulated.

Suitable carriers are e.g. B. calcium carbonate, bran, wheat semolina, granulated sugar, bone meal, bolus, talcum, Stearates of alkaline earth, table salt, rock salt or other for feeding suitable minerals. When mixing or Applying the bacteria to a carrier, care must be taken that the bacteria are not harmed. Individuals can Strains of bacteria or combinations of different strains are used will.

The bacteria can advantageously be in an amount from 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 0 to 1% by weight based on the total amount of silage additive (= 100% by weight) be used.

Auxiliaries in the sense of the invention are awake for microorganisms incentives such as fermentable carbohydrates Products such as molasses, boiled potatoes and meat deschrot, dried whey, green kernel flour, dry schnitzel, sugar, Starch or wood hydrolyzates.

The addition of cellulolytic also promotes growth , amylolytic and / or other carbohydrate degrading Enzymes or nitrogen in bound form, for example urine substance or ammonium compounds such as ammonium sulfate.

Auxiliaries can advantageously be produced according to the invention Silage in an amount of 0 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 0 to 50 wt .-% very particularly preferably in an amount of 0 to 30% by weight, based on the total amount of silage additive (= 100% by weight) be added.

The usable silage from fermentation feed according to the invention there is no particular restriction per se. Are suitable all easily silage forage (slightly withered grass and on  other forage plants with more than 3% sugar content in the Fresh mass, withered grass <30% dry matter, withered le guminoses <35% dry matter, silage maize and corn on the cob products < 25% dry matter, whole plant cereals, moist cereals and Moist corn, pulp), medium difficult to silage forage (grass 20 to 25% dry matter, legumes 25 to 30% dry matter and other fodder plants with sugar levels of 1.5 to 3% in the Fresh mass) or difficult to ensilage (grass <20% dry mass or legumes <20% dry matter with less than 1.5% Sugar in the fresh mass as well as grass or legumes, the An wilting failed). The silage is preferably moist activity of at least 50%, more preferably from 60 to 90% (corresponding to 40 to 10% dry matter).

The ensiling agent according to the invention is the silage in a Amount of 0.01 to 20 kg, especially 0.05 to 10 kg, most preferably 0.1 to 5 kg, added per ton of silage. The silage medium can be used as individual components or as a finished product Mixture to be given to the farmer. In this case it is advantageous to use the components in such a form, that an adverse interaction of the components is excluded. This can be done, for example, by micronization can be achieved. It is advantageously in the form of a litter capable mixture of the components to the material to be ensiled puts. However, it can also be added separately to the silage. The ensiling agent is applied either by hand, an applicator or dosing device during chopping and / or during or after storage of the green fodder.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples, which are preferred Embodiments of the invention illustrated, explained in more detail:

example 1

Alfalfa with a dry matter content of 19% was ensiled and in all examples 4 g of silage additive per kg of silage puts. Approach 1 (Table I) gives no silage additive control again. Approach 2 shows the effect of a conventional one Chen silage additive from 50 wt .-% sodium propionate and 50 wt .-% Sodium formate.  

Table I

Ensiling of alfalfa

Approach 3 shows the dry weight losses with a silage additive from 45% by weight sodium propionate, 50% by weight sodium formate and 5% by weight bromoethanesulfonic acid as a methanogenesis inhibitor. The Ta belle I gives the mean values from three independent experiments again.

The use of methanogenesis inhibitors reduces the Ge weight loss of the silage material significantly.

Example 2

Meadow mixed grass with a dry matter content of 23% ensiled. Batch 1 (control) in Table II shows a Ge weight loss of 5.8 g.

A mixture of 50% by weight sodium propionate and 50% by weight Sodium formate (batch 2) showed a loss of 3.0 g. The same mixture with 5 wt .-% bromoethanesulfonic acid had only one Weight loss of 2.0 g. Here, too, the mean values are three independent experiments.

Table II

Meadow mixed grass ensiling

Claims (16)

1. Silage containing an effective amount of at least one Inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria. 2. Silage according to claim 1, containing an effective amount at least one methanogenesis inhibitor. 3. ensiling agent according to claim 1 and / or 2, wherein as Methanoge neseinhibitoren bromoethanesulfonic acid and / or monensin be used. 4. ensiling agent according to claims 1 to 3, wherein one or more Other inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria in an amount of 0.001 to 10 kg per ton of silage is added to the fermentation feed will. 5. Silage containing an effective amount of at least one Inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria and silage auxiliaries, Lactic acid-producing bacteria and / or auxiliary substances. 6. ensiling agent according to claim 5, wherein as ensiling aid organic acids and / or their agricultural use bare salts can be used. 7. ensiling agent according to claim 5 and / or 6, wherein as ensiling auxiliary aliphatic C₁-C₇ mono-, di-, tricarboxylic acids, Benzoic acid and / or its agriculturally useful Salts are used. 8. ensiling agent according to claims 5 to 7, being milk acid-producing bacteria of the genera Lactoba cillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Carnobacte rium, Staphylococcus, Aerococcus and / or Pediococcus be used.   9. Process for the preparation of a silage additive according to the An sayings 5 to 8, characterized in that inhibitors methanogenic bacteria, silage additives, lactic acid produ ornamental bacteria and / or auxiliaries mixed. 10. A method for producing a silage additive according to the An sayings 5 to 9, characterized in that the individual Components granulated before or after mixing. 11. silage, containing a silage agent according to claims 1 till 8. 12. silage, containing 0.01 kg to 20 kg of silage per Ton of digestate. 13. Green anaerobic degradation prevention method forage silage, characterized in that the green fodder plant an effective amount of at least one inhibitor methanogenic bacteria. 14. A method for preventing aerobic and anaerobic degradation courses in green forage silage, characterized in that one the forage plants an effective amount of at least one Inhibitor of methanogenic bacteria and silage auxiliaries, Lactic acid-producing bacteria and / or auxiliary substances puts. 15. Use of a silage additive according to claim 1 to 8 for ensiling green fodder and preventing aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes in fermentation feed. 16. Use of one or more inhibitors of methanogenic bacteria for ensiling of green fodder and prevention of anaerobic Degradation processes in fermentation feed.