DE19537890A1 - Breaking up foundations, subsoil and concrete pavement - Google Patents

Abstract

The comminution tool (30) is used for breaking up subsoil, foundations, concrete pavement etc. It uses a weight which may be repeatedly lifted up and allowed to fall to hit the material underneath. The comminution tool may be carried on a utility vehicle, e.g. a bulldozer, running on endless tracks. Several weights (G1,2,3) may be used, which may be lifted up and let fall together or one at a time. The drive mechanism includes shafts (50) and chain drive mechanisms.

Description

The present invention relates to an underground smash rer, in particular concrete floor breaker comprising:

• a smashing wagon with a chassis,
• - a smashing device carried by the smashing car direction with at least one drop weight, that at least in a working position of the smashing device in a falling weight guide of the smashing device in essentially slidably mounted in the vertical direction and with a lifting device assigned to the drop weight and release device for lifting the falling weight with means at least one attacking on the drop weight drive elements in a maximum lifting position and to the fall Allow the drop weight from the maximum lift position on a surface, especially a concrete ceiling, in the Working position of the smashing device.

In a known one, only as a concrete shatter designated concrete ceiling smashers shows the smashing device exactly one almost over the entire width of the Smashers' falling weight falling on constantly two traction cables, each acting as a drive element ver is bound. The two pull ropes are each from their respective attachment point on the drop weight via an assigned a cross member of the drop weight guide rotatably mounted Deflection pulley led to an assigned winch. For anhe After the falling weight, the two ropes are placed on a rope drum of the assigned winch, which is wound over a Cheek clutch driven by an associated drive motor becomes. The jaw clutches of the two winches will be as soon as a maximum stroke position corresponding to the desired drop height tion is reached to drop the weight on the concrete ceiling uncoupled.

During the falling movement of the Falling weight pulls the two ropes with it. Around a rope Avoid tangling when dropping the case weight, the two cable drums are braked in doses.  

With regard to the dosage of braking the cable drums must A compromise can be found because, on the one hand, to avoid The two rope drums are not too weak may be braked and on the other hand the rope drums must not be slowed down too much to reduce the impact not to be restricted and excessive friction wear avoid. Because rope entanglements the smashing business seriously would disrupt and hinder and even cause damage of the smashers can be noticed in practice Limitations of the fall effect and noticeable friction wear on the rope drums or the associated brake pre have to put up with directions.

In contrast, it is an object of the invention, a subsurface debris of the type mentioned with high impact and verver provide casual function. This will accomplish this task solved that a detachable coupling device between the An Drive element and the at least one drop weight provided is.

The coupling device can be used to lift the drop weight a coupling connection between the drive element and the Fall weight made to drop the case weight after the maximum stroke position has been reached. After loosening the coupling connection, the weight can then be without Restriction of the fall effect fall freely since there is no rope or the like as a drive element with it. Accordingly can in the case of a rope or the like as a drive element also no rope entanglements or the like kick, so that a possibly provided cable drum or the like not be slowed down when the weight is dropped got to. Accordingly, the rope drum, if provided, occurs also no friction wear.

The drive element can be an elongated drive element, be designed in particular as a conveyor chain, the Kop peleinrichtung preferably a driver on the langge  stretched drive element (especially conveyor chain), the one with the drop weight for establishing the coupling connection between the drive element and the drop weight in particular via a driving element, if necessary driving pins of the drop weight cooperates.

The driver can by moving back and forth of the Drive elements between a lower coupling position, in the the coupling connection, if necessary by locking with the entrainment element that can be produced, and an upper decoupling position, in which the coupling connection is detachable, be movable, wherein in If the coupling connection is established by latching the driving element and / or the driver preferably keilar are trained.

As a preferred alternative solution to the latter solution it is proposed that the driver by the same Movement of the closed loop drive elements between a lower coupling position, in the the coupling connection, in particular by taking hold of the with taker under the driving element, is producible, and one upper decoupling position in which the coupling connection can be released is, is movable. Due to the movement of the in the same direction the closed loop drive elements can be a the drive element assigned to a drive device Movement can only be formed in one direction without Gear means for reversing movement are necessary. One at Braking to reverse the direction of movement of the reciprocated Drive elements occurring increased wear is at the preferred solution avoided. Is the coupling connection through Grip of the driver under the driver element provides, so the driver and the driving element easily be trained in what cost advantages and high operating security.  

The maximum lifting position of the drop weight can be determined by vertical Shift of the decoupling position of the driver and / or by vertical displacement of the driving element on the drop weight be adjustable. Since the coupling position of the driver of the Vertical position of the driving element depends on the drop weight, there is a vertical displacement of the driving element on the drop weight to a corresponding shift of the paddock position of the driver. About setting the maximum The impact weight of the falling weight on the stroke position To be set to the underground for to set an optimal smashing result. For one Concrete ceiling that is to be smashed into clods to adjust the impact force so that it is reliable corresponding cracks in the concrete ceiling to form the ceilings Adjust the clods without the concrete ceiling in the impact area of the falling weight is "crushed" into small pieces.

It is suggested that the driver and / or take away Element-associated decoupling means are provided, which Coupling connection in the decoupling position of the driver forcibly solve. A separate manual operation of the Coupling device for dropping the falling weight from a maximum stroke position can thus be omitted.

The driving element of the drop weight can be between a Kop position in which the coupling connection can be established, and a release position in which the coupling connection is released or cannot be manufactured, be movably mounted on the drop weight. In this case, the driving element is preferably through Spring means biased into the coupling position, the provided decoupling means the driving element to solve the Bring the coupling connection into the release position.

In the described configuration of the driving element, the at least one driver on the elongated drive element be simple, for example as a one-piece and rigidly attached to the drive element (especially conveyor chain)  tes, possibly cuboid-like element. Opposite one Driver or driver movable relative to the drive element Merteil is the solution described due to the falling weight available, relatively extensive space less complex and therefore advantageous. In particular, the Her position expenditure for the coupling device to be reduced and you get high operational reliability.

The decoupling means can have at least one control curve around a release curve section on the drop weight guide grasp, the possibly displaceable in the vertical direction, the Decoupling position of the driver defining trigger curves cut on the driving element in the decoupling position of the Driver acts and this to solve the coupling connection in the release position. This preferably extends Driving element from a first, facing the driver Drop weight side to a second side away from the driver Drop weight side through the drop weight and instructs its end of the scanning means remote from the driver to scan the control curve. Is the driving element in before the coupling position on the first drop weight side, is the driving element in the release position opposite the Coupling position preferably in the direction of the second Fallge shifted to the weight side.

The fact that the driving element as described by the Drop weight extends through is a simple reliable positive engagement between the drop weight and the driving element. At the same time this will achieved that the smashing device is relatively compact can be carried out because an essential section of the taking element and the driving element associated storage means for sliding storage largely within the Fallge weight can be arranged. Through the arrangement described becomes a spatial separation of the driver or the driver side end of the driving element and the drive element on the one hand and the scanning means and the control curve of the other  reached, so that the smashing device relative can be constructed simply, both for the driver and the drive element on the one hand and for the scanning means and the control curve, on the other hand, has a relatively large space for ver can be provided.

The first drop weight side can be one (at work position arranged smashing device) in vertical Limit the longitudinal groove in the drop weight in the direction the driving element protrudes at least in the coupling position and in which the driver at least when lifting the drop weight is at least partially arranged. This training the Fallge weight also contributes to the smashing device to be able to train relatively compact.

The scanning means can be at least one on the respective Control cam rolling roller. Due to the Scanning roll occurs minimal friction when dropped of the drop weight so that the drop effect is not turned on is restricted and essentially no frictional wear the scanning means and the control curve occurs.

It is suggested that the drop weight change one has a clear rash head. This training is special advantageous because it adjusts the drop weight different underground characteristics is possible, e.g. B. by optionally providing an edge of impact or Impact area.

The well-known concrete floor shatter described at the beginning has, as mentioned, only a drop weight. It becomes functional operated in such a way in the demolition of concrete slabs that he drives from drop position to drop position on the concrete surface, with the concrete slab shatter at the respective drop position tion is stopped and the drop weight on the concrete surface is dropped. Because the drop weight is essentially essentially over the entire width of the concrete slab shatter  Lichen transversely to the direction of travel of the concrete slab shatter extends and the radius of the curve, that of the concrete slab shatter can follow, is limited, in practice the fall po approximately on a substantially straight line or relatively gently curved line. To the case position NEN are mainly cracks transverse to the direction of travel or expected line. Accordingly, the at the resulting clods transverse to the ang given line be relatively extensive; the extension parallel to the specified line depends on the distance the case positions from. Depending on the distance of the case positions you get relatively large surface clods with strong differences deviating dimensions in the longitudinal and transverse directions or it there are clods with widely varying dimensions or areas due to uncontrollable cracking in any direction if the distance between the drop positions is reduced is to get smaller-sized concrete clods.

It has now been recognized that small-scale concrete clods with relatively uniform dimensions due to controlled Crack formation can then be achieved if successive Falling positions alternating in the opposite direction are laterally offset, since such a staggered side a largely controlled crack formation, with a Crack extension direction, which is ortho to the lateral direction gonal essential directional component.

Accordingly, another aspect of the invention for a subsoiler of the type specified at the beginning or for a subsoiler according to the invention, such as Described above, suggested that the smashing device at least two across a working direction, especially the direction of travel of the smashing car against each other has laterally offset drop weights. Through the two Drop weights can be easily achieved that consecutive case positions are not essentially one follow a straight or gently curved line but from  Fall position to fall position in opposite directions Directions parallel to each other parallel to the working direction line are laterally offset, which is the one described above controlled cracking with a substantial extension promotes component orthogonal to the lateral direction. On one Pre-crusher, which is often required, for further clods can shrink before feeding to the actual crusher so that may be waived.

At least two of the drop weights offset laterally can open the same height in the working direction, the lifting and triggering device assigned to these drop weights lines are designed such that the falling weights with time Lich distance from each other and thus with an ancestor of Smashers in working direction on each other in working direction at a distance from the ground can be sen. Even if the smasher of a straight line following or slightly curved driving line can be the case weights are thus dropped at case positions that are at the break points of at least one in the middle of the driving line following zigzag line, i.e. from fall position to Fall position laterally offset in the opposite direction are. From the above it follows that the subsurface To do this, drive the debris from case position to case position got to.

Alternatively, or in addition, at least two the laterally offset drop weights also in the working direction be offset against each other. According to this preferred training of the underground smashing device or the smashing device Direction can at a position of the underground smash Weights on at least two both in the working direction and Fall positions spaced transversely to the working direction be let. For dropping the drop weights at drop posi tions (as stated) at the breakpoints of one on average zigzag line following the smasher's driving curve the subterranean machine needs less often  be stopped. At a respective position of the smash rers can the at least two drop weights simultaneously or can also be dropped one after the other. In both cases is obtained due to the less frequent stopping of the zer trümmerers a cost saving time saving at Underground destruction.

It is particularly advantageous if the smashing device has a total of three drop weights, which at the corners of an im essential isosceles triangle with the working direction are arranged substantially orthogonal triangular base. It has shown that the use of three drop weights, especially in the case of the specified Triangular arrangement, a high smashing performance (edit tete underground area per unit of time), whereby by the triangular arrangement, despite the smashing device the three weights can be made relatively compact. By this training can also, as will be clear below controlled crack formation in very reliably a direction essentially parallel to the working direction can be achieved.

Each drop weight of the three drop weights can be a separate one Be assigned to the drive element, said drive elements preferably by a common drive device, ins special at least one hydraulic motor, the smashing device direction can be driven. A simple mechanical structure without gears, clutches or the like for driving force distribution can be achieved if in a particular closed loop guided drive elements movement ver are coupled.

The drivers can be arranged on the drive elements in this way be that with movement in the same direction the movement coupling ten, in a respective closed loop Drive elements maximum two of the three drop weights at the same time be raised. This is compared to the older one  native possibility with simultaneous lifting of all three Weights in certain operating states of the smashing direction achieved the advantage that a relatively even ß load or a uniform drive of the arrangement results, preferably with a substantially constant Umlaufge speed of the drive elements. Because of the lesser and The drive device can ent even load be designed to be weaker, the more uniform Stress positive effects on the life of the An has drive mechanism.

The drivers are preferably on the drive elements in this way arranged that the two are arranged on the triangular base Drop weights simultaneously and with that at the top of the triangle arranged drop weight alternately raised and dropped will be. The two cases arranged at the triangular base Weights can then be about half as heavy to about Three quarters as heavy, preferably about two thirds as heavy heavy, like the drop weight arranged at the top of the triangle to be an even load and a corresponding one to obtain a low maximum load for the drive device.

The drop weights at the triangular base preferably point one each for the generation of cracks in the working direction Underground service head, especially one Extend impact head with one in the working direction the impact edge. The falling weight at the top of the triangle points then preferably one to create cracks across Working direction in the subsurface, especially a service head with a cross to the Ar in the direction of the impact edge. The service heads can, as already mentioned above, be interchangeable. The on for example, impact heads can then be replaced, if the edge of the service has worn out or if the edge fit to the surface other head designs better Bring results, for example heads with impact surfaces instead of curbs.  

With the described design of the smashing device becomes a controlled with particularly high reliability Cracking reached, the small-scale clods with in allows substantially constant dimensions. For this it is particularly useful if the cracks Drop weights in the working direction at the triangular base between two using the falling weight on the triangle pointed cracks dropped across the working direction will.

For reasons of convenience, the smashing car can be a self-driving car. In this case it is suggested conditions that the smashing wagon is an excavator, possibly a preferably hydraulic auxiliary pump driven by the excavator motor to drive the at least one hydraulic motor of the smash tion device. The use of an excavator as Smash car is particularly advantageous because Excavator with appropriate construction measures (e.g. new lane road or track construction) at the respective construction site are generally available anyway, especially for Processing the subsurface and performing a variety other tasks, in the present case possibly also for admission of the clods produced by the smashing, if the destruction is complete or interrupted. Becomes a such, already available excavator as a smash Mererwagen used by an excavator according to the invention If the smashing device is installed, the Removal of an additional subsoiler or smashing wagon, which in addition to the construction site would take up space, no longer required.

The smashing device can be attached to an extension of the bag Gers be attached, especially on a hydraulically moving baren excavator arm instead of an excavator bucket or the like. In the case of a hydraulically movable excavator arm, the Smashing device within the scope of the movement Excavator arms (in the case of a drop weight) from drop position to  Case position or (in the case of several case weights) case Position group moved to case position group on the underground will. The smashing device can also be used when driving up the excavator be raised so that none of the Fallge weight grinds on the surface. Such raising the Smashing device is generally not necessary; a grinding of one or more weights on the surface does not bother in most cases. So it is also conceivable that the smashers with appropriate training of the smashes tion device, in particular with two or three only transverse to Working direction, but not parallel to the working direction set falling weights continuously, especially in work direction pulls up without dropping the drop weights to stop.

The excavator can do this especially as a crawler track trained undercarriage and one on the The undercarriage is rotatably mounted and has the boom include carriages. According to this training of the excavator and thus of the smashers are different orientations of work direction relative to the direction of the excavator possible. At for example, the working direction can change with the direction of travel agree or be opposite, orthogonal or be oblique to this. An oblique orientation, ins special such that longitudinal cracks at 45 ° to Fahrrich tion of the excavator offers the advantage that the recording the clods are relieved by a subsequent wheel loader tert because its loader bucket is slightly at the tips of the Can attack clods. You can also turn the upper wa gens the working width according to the maximum boom length of the excavator can be widened.

The invention also relates to a smashing device for Installation on a driving device serving as a smashing car, possibly a truck or preferably a construction machine, such as an excavator or the like. The smashing device can according to the description above (cf. the  features of the Zer relating to the smashing device debris).

In another aspect, the invention relates to a method for smashing concrete ceilings into clods by falling leave at least one drop weight, the at least one Drop weight at a distance from each other in a working direction drop positions on the concrete ceiling. On such method is in connection with the use of the Known concrete ceiling smasher described at the beginning known.

According to the invention it is proposed that in the working direction next-adjacent case positions such as transverse to the working direction tion are offset from each other that the case positions on the Break points of at least one in the middle of the working direction following zigzag line. This will, like the previous one hend in connection with the smashing invention device already mentioned, a largely controlled crack education with extension components in the working direction is enough so that there are relatively easy small clods can be achieved with relatively similar dimensions. For small flat ceiling clods with not too much deviation from each other appropriate longitudinal and transverse dimensions, the distance in working Direction of case posi next to each other in the working direction tion about half to twice the distance across Direction of work correspond to these drop positions.

Preferably two alternate approximately in the working direction located at the same height in relation to the working direction, Fall positions offset from one another transversely to the working direction of the first kind and one across the working direction approximately in the middle second position lying between these case positions Kind of each other. Ceiling clods can be reached with this which are roughly rectangular or square in shape. In In this context it is proposed that at least during a drop weight for most of the procedure  a respective drop position of the first type only then dropped will, if at the opposite of this case position Directions of the next neighboring case positions of the second kind a drop weight has been dropped. This will controlled cracking of the Case positions of the first kind essentially parallel to work direction reached.

In the method according to the invention, a method according to the invention can be used Underground smashers or a smash according to the invention tion device as described above can be used. In principle, however, it is also conceivable not to invent one modern smashers, especially with only one drop weight (In this case, the smasher should go to the individual case positions are driven).

The invention is described below with reference to the figures shown embodiments explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 shows an underground smashing device according to the invention with an excavator as a smashing wagon and a smashing device mounted on a boom of the excavator in a side view;

Fig. 2 shows in Fig. 2a the smashing device of the smashing device of Fig. 1 from the opposite side to the view of Fig. 1 (direction of view corresponding to the arrow IIA in Fig. 2b) and in Fig. 2b in a side view corresponding to the arrows IIB in Figures 1 and 2a;

Fig. 3 shows the smashing device of the smasher in a partially sectioned plan view accordingly arrow III in Fig. 2b;

Fig. 4 shows three further top views of the shattering device corresponding to the illustration of Fig. 3, wherein Fig. 3 and Figs. 4a, 4b and 4c illustrate a sequence of operating states of the shattering device;

FIG. 5 shows a carrier element comprising a driving device of a falling weight of Zertrümmerungsvor direction of FIGS. 1 through 4, wherein Fig. 5a is a partially sectioned plan view corresponding to Fig. 3,

Fig. 5b is a side view corresponding to arrow VB in Fig. 5a and Fig. 5c is a partially sectioned side view corresponding to arrow VC in Fig. 5a;

. 1 Fig 6 shows schematically the crushing apparatus of Figure 1-4 in a lateral view corresponding to Fig for illustrating the operation of the Zertrümmerers, Figs 6a and 6b show two operating states of the un terschiedlichen Zertrümmerers correspond...;

Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the smashing device and the underground smashing device;

Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show in plan views three different working positions of the underground smash according to the invention, wherein the smashing device is slightly modified compared to the embodiment of Fig. 3;

Fig. 11 shows a sequence of crack arrangements in a concrete ceiling, the debris with a Untergrundzer according to the invention according to Figures 1 to 7 (which has three falling weights) in a procedure accordingly Fig. 8 can be produced. and

Fig. 12 shows an alternative sequence of crack arrangements in a concrete ceiling, which can be produced with a subsoiler with two falling weights.

Fig. 1 shows an inventive, especially as Be tondeckenzertrümmerer 10 usable underground smashers with an excavator 12 as smashers. The excavator comprises an uppercarriage 14 and an undercarriage 16 , the uppercarriage 14 on the undercarriage 16 in a manner known per se, e.g. B. is rotatably mounted by means of a slewing ring. The undercarriage 16 includes a crawler track 18 . On the superstructure 14 of the excavator 12 , an excavator arm 20 is pivotally mounted about an essentially horizontal axis, a double-acting cylinder-piston unit 22 known per se being provided for pivoting the excavator arm 20 . At the end of the excavator arm 20 remote from the superstructure 14 , a shattering device 30 (to be described only schematically in FIG. 1), which is described in more detail below, is mounted (for example instead of an excavator shovel) and can be relative to a subsurface U, in particular relative to, using the excavator arm 20 a concrete ceiling, raised and lowered. By means of another, double-acting Zylin the piston unit 24 , which is articulated on the excavator arm 20 near its upper end and on the shattering device 30 , the shattering device can be pivoted about a substantially horizontal axis on the excavator arm 20 such that a Longitudinal axis L of Zertrümmerungsvor direction 30 extends substantially in the vertical direction. (In the following it is assumed that the Zertrümmerungsvor device is arranged in a working position with a vertical longitudinal axis L and with a vertical distance suitable for shattering the ground by means of three falling weights above the ground U.) By rotating the superstructure 14 on the undercarriage 16 by means of a Known rotary drive, the smashing device 30 can be brought in various positions relative to the undercarriage, such as. B. shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10.

As described in more detail below, the shattering device 30 is driven hydraulically. The hydraulic pressure required for this is supplied to the shattering device 30 by means of hydraulic pressure hoses, not shown, from a hydraulic pump of the excavator. The hydraulic pump can be the main hydraulic pump of the excavator, which drives the chassis via corresponding hydraulic motors, or a hydraulic auxiliary pump, which, like the main hydraulic pump, is preferably driven by the excavator motor.

The smashing device 30 comprises a framework composed essentially of double T-beams, in which three case weights G1, G2 and G3 can be displaced parallel to the longitudinal axis L in a respective drop weight guide formed by two double-T beams (in the case of FIG. 1 shown position of the smashing device are thus vertically displaceable). The drop weight guides of the three drop weights G1, G2 and G3 are formed by the double T-beam pairs 33 a, 33 b, 34 a, 34 b and 32 a, 32 b, which extend parallel to the longitudinal axis L, whose (hereinafter also called Double-T longitudinal beams) beams 33 a and 33 b, 34 a and 34 b or 32 a and 32 b are offset from one another transversely to a working direction A orthogonal to the longitudinal axis L. (The working direction A is a direction in the vectoral sense, which points away from the excavator 12 in the arrangement according to FIG. 1.) The drop weights are between the T longitudinal beam sections and (which extend parallel to the working direction A in cross section) the T-crossbar sections of the respective double T-beam pair (extending in cross section transversely to the working direction A).

The double-T beams 33 a, 33 b, 34 a and 34 b and thus the two drop weights G1 and G2 are at the same height with respect to the working direction A; are only offset from each other transversely to the working direction. The double-T beams 32 a and 32 b of the falling weight G2 are arranged in the working direction A in front of the double T-beams 33 a, 33 b, 34 a and 34 b that the falling weight G3 at the triangle tip of an isosceles Three corners is arranged, the drop weights G1 and G2 are arranged on the triangle base on a respective triangle corner. The double-T beams 32 a and 32 b are across transverse to the working direction A and transverse to the longitudinal axis L extending double-T cross beams 36 , 37 and 38 (whose T-longitudinal beam sections extend parallel to the working direction A in cross section) with connected to the double-T side members 33 a, 33 b, 34 a and 34 b.

The double-T longitudinal members 33 b and 34 a each carry a lower and an upper, plate-like articulation member 40 a and 40 b on their side corresponding to the outside of a T-cross bar section and located away from the cross members 36 , 37 and 38 . 41 a and 41 b with a respective bearing opening 42 for receiving a respective, extending orthogonally to the longitudinal axis L and the working direction A connecting bolt with which the two upper link members 40 a and 41 a with the zer smashing device-side end of the cylinder-piston unit 24 and the two lower articulation members 40 b and 41 b can be connected or are connected to the end of the excavator arm 20 on the smashing device side ( FIGS. 2 and 4 show the smashing device 30 alone, but not the excavator 12 or the excavator arm 20 and the cylinder Piston units 22 and 24 ).

The three drop weights G1, G2 and G3, of which the drop weight G3, for example, weigh 3 t (tons) and the drop weights G1 and G2, for example 2 t each, are each assigned a lifting and triggering device for lifting and dropping the drop weight, which is about a drive device common to all three drop weights is driven. The drive device comprises two hydraulic motors 52 a and 52 b acting on a common, rotatably mounted drive shaft 50 (so-called hydraulic brake motors with gears, for example with a lifting capacity of 60 kW each). The two, arranged on two transverse sides of the shattering hydraulic motors are attached to the double-T side members 33 a, 33 b, 34 a and 34 b, support elements including a further double-T cross member 39 and at the ends of the double-T -Cross member 39 attached carriers 39 a and 39 b carried such that the two hydraulic motors connecting, extending transversely to the longitudinal axis L and the working direction A extending drive shaft 50 , referring to the working direction A, is arranged behind the two falling weights G1 and G2. The two hydraulic motors 52 a and 52 b each carry on a rotor 55 a and 54 b coaxial with the drive shaft 50 and coaxial with the drive shaft 50 , a gear 56 a and 56 b coaxial with the rotor and thus with the drive shaft.

Parallel to and at the same height (in the vertical direction) as the drive shaft 50 arranged in an upper end region of the shattering device 30 , a rotatably mounted intermediate shaft 58 is arranged between the drop weights G1 and G2 on the one hand and the drop weight G3 on the other hand, each of which has one end at both ends with the gear 56 a or 56 b aligned gear 60 a or 60 b carries. A conveyor chain 62 a and 62 b rotates in a respective endless loop both around the gear wheels 56 a and 60 a and around the gear wheels 56 b and 60 b. As a result, the drive shaft 50 and the intermediate shaft 58 are motionally coupled, so that the intermediate shaft 58 is equally sensible and with the same rotational speed with the drive shaft 50 rotates.

The drive shaft 50 also carries two gears 64 and 65 , of which, based on a transverse direction orthogonal to the longitudinal axis L and to the working direction A, the gear 64 is arranged approximately in the middle of the falling weight G1 and the gear 65 is arranged approximately in the middle of the falling weight G2 is. Similarly, the intermediate shaft 58 carries a gear pair of two close to each other Benach disclosed gears 66 a and 66 b, which are arranged with respect to said transverse direction, approximately in the middle of the falling weight G3. The gears 64 and 65 and the gear pair 66 each have a gear 67 or 68 or a pair of gears 69 from two closely adjacent gears 69 a and 69 b assigned to the gear 64 , 65 or with the gear pair 66 tending are supported in a lower end region of the shattering device 30 by a respective end shaft 70 , 71 and 72, which is rotatably mounted and parallel to the shafts 50 and 58 . More precisely: the gear 64 is aligned with the gear 67 , the gear 65 with the gear 68 and the two gears of the gear pair 66 with a respective gear of the gear pair 69 . The gear shaft 67 carrying end shaft 70 and the gear wheel 68 carrying end shaft 72 are coaxial with one another and with their respective two shaft ends in two on the double-T longitudinal members 33 a and 33 b or 34 a and 34 b attached shaft bearings 74 a and 74 b or 75 a and 75 b rotatably mounted. In the same way, the end shaft 72 , which is arranged at the same height (in the vertical direction) as the end shafts 70 and 71 and carries the gear pair 69, is rotatably mounted with its two ends in two shaft bearings attached to the double-T longitudinal member 32 a and 32 b , of which only the shaft bearing 76 b can be seen in Fig. 2b.

With respect to the working direction A, the end shafts 70 and 71 are arranged at the same height as the drive shaft 50 and the end shaft 72 at the same height as the intermediate shaft 58 .

Both around the gears 64 and 72 , as well as around the gears 65 and 68 , as well as around the pairs of gears 66 and 69 , a conveyor chain 77 , 78 and 79 is guided in a closed endless loop, so that the end shafts 70 and 71 with the same rotational speed with the drive shaft 50 and the end shaft 72 with the same rotational speed with the intermediate shaft 58 rotate in the same direction (the gears 64 , 65 , 66 a, 66 b, 67 , 68 , 69 a and 69 b accordingly have the same diameter and same number of teeth).

As described above, the conveyor chains 77 ,. 78 and 79 thus so coupled in motion that they can be driven together by the two hydraulic motors 52 a and 52 b and then run with the same sense of rotation and the same speed of rotation.

The conveyor chains 77 , 78 and 79 serve as drive elements for lifting the drop weights G1, G2 and G3. For this purpose, the conveyor chains 77 , 78 and 79 each carry exactly one block-shaped driver 82 , 83 and 84 on their outer circumferential side facing away from the grinding. The catches 82 , 83 and 84 are each assigned a catch device with a catch element in the form of a catch bolt 85 , 86 and 87, which is displaceable in the falling weight G1, G2 and G3 parallel to the working direction A.

The three drop weights G1, G2 and G3 have, apart from a respective impact head at the lower end, parallel to the longitudinal axis L, a substantially constant cross section. The case weights give way from a pure rectangular cross section through a side facing the conveyor chain 77 , 78 or 79 and thus the driver 82 , 83 or 84 through a side running in the middle parallel to the longitudinal axis L to the respective conveyor chain 77 , 78 or 79 open longitudinal groove 90 , 91 and 92 respectively. The driving pins 85 , 86 , 87 are each slidably mounted in a guide sleeve 88 which is received in a through-opening 81 of the falling weight which is open to the groove, and is biased by a compression spring 89 into a coupling position in which the driving pin 85 , 86 and 87 maximum in the respective longitudinal groove 90 , 91 or 92 of the drop weight G1, G2 or G3 before. The driving bolts have a relatively small distance parallel to the working direction A between their respective free end and a respective drop weight, parallel to the longitudinal groove 90 , 91 and 92 extending section of the conveyor chain 77 , 78 and 79 respectively. This section of the respective conveyor chain extends slightly into the longitudinal groove 90 , 91 and 92 , respectively.

If the driver 82 , 83 or 84 of the conveyor chain 77 , 78 or 79 is arranged on the chain section which is close to the falling weight G1, G2 or G3 and is parallel to the respective longitudinal groove 90 , 91 or 92 , this driver is completely in the longitudinal groove 90 , 91 and 92 respectively. The free end of the driving pin 85 , 86 or 87 and the respective driver 82 , 83 or 84 overlap in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis L.

The conveyor chains are driven by the hydraulic motors 52 a and 52 b in such a direction of rotation that the respective carrier after rotation around the gear 67 , 68 or 69 coming from below enters the longitudinal groove 90 , 91 or 92 and the other Circulation of the conveyor chains relative to the falling weight G1, G2 or G3 in the respective longitudinal groove upwards until it reaches a coupling position in which it strikes the Mitnahmebol zen 85 , 86 or 87 , or engages under it, so that a coupling connection is produced between the conveyor chain 77 , 78 and 79 and the drop weight G1, G2 and G3 via the catches 82 , 83 and 84 and the catch bolts 85 , 86 and 87 , respectively.

As the conveyor chain continues to circulate, the respective case weight G1, G2 or G3 is raised due to the coupling connection through the conveyor chain 77 , 78 or 79 , until the driver 82 , 83 or 84 has reached a decoupling position in which the respective driving pin 85 , 86 and 87 is brought by a decoupling means to be written in more detail against the force of the spring 89 into a release position in which the driving pin 85 , 86 or 87 projects less far into the longitudinal groove 90 , 91 or 92 . In this release position, the driver 82 , 83 or 84 no longer engages under the driving pins 85 , 86 or 87 , so that the falling weight falls back into its original position from the maximum lifting position reached. If, as assumed, the smashing device is arranged at a suitable distance above the subsurface U, the drop weight falls from the maximum lifting position onto the subsurface; more precisely: The drop weight hits the ground with a head K1, K2 or K3 located at the lower end of the drop weight.

To adjust the drop height of the drop weights G1, G2 and G3, the driving bolts 85 , 86 and 87 together with their respective guide sleeve 88 on the drop weight G1, G2 or G3 are displaceable in the vertical direction; the drop weights have, as indicated in Fig. 6, three vertically spaced through openings 81 a, 81 b and 81 c for receiving the guide sleeve, in Fig. 6 the respective guide sleeve with the driving pin for all drop weights in the middle through opening 81 b is added. By shifting the driving pin in the vertical direction, the coupling position of the driver 82 , 83 or 84 is shifted in the vertical direction and there is a different maximum lifting height of the falling weight. A further variation of the drop height is possible via the decoupling means by vertical displacement of the decoupling position of the driver, as will be explained in more detail below.

In the following, the drive pins of the three drop weights, which comprise the respective drive pins, the respective guide sleeve and the respective spring, will be discussed in more detail. Here, reference is made in particular to FIG. 5, which shows the entrainment device of the drop weight G3 in three views (the drop weight G3 is indicated by dashed lines, the drop weight management is omitted). The explanations apply accordingly to the driving devices of the case weights G1 and G2.

As already mentioned, the guide sleeve 88 is received in a through-opening 81 opening towards the longitudinal groove 92 of the drop weight G3 and to the opposite drop weight side; it therefore extends between the case weight side S1 drawn in FIG. 5a, which delimits the groove in the working direction A, and the opposite case weight side S2. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the drop weight side S1 faces the driver 84 or the conveyor chain 79 , whereas the drop weight side S2 faces away from the driver or from the conveyor chain 79 . The releasably festge placed in the through-guide sleeve 88 is closed on its projecting over the falling weight side S2 by a cover plate 88 a. The driving pin 87 comprises also on one side to a threaded hole closed bolt sleeve 87 a which is received within the guide sleeve 88 that the closed, the threaded hole having the end of the pin boot from the Füh approximately sleeve protrudes into the longitudinal groove 92 88th At the end opposite the closed-end end end 87, the pin boot on a has a radially protruding annular rim, the larger as shown in Fig. 5a position of the driving pin 87 at an annular shoulder between a sleeve interior diameter portion of the guide sleeve 88 and a sleeve interior portion small ren diameter of the guide sleeve 88 strikes so that the bolt sleeve 87 a can no longer be moved out of the guide sleeve 88 into the longitudinal groove 92 .

The cover plate 88 a has a through hole for a bolt rod 87 b of the driving pin 87 . The bolt rod 87 b extends through the opening of the cover plate 88 a through the interior of the guide sleeve 88 and the interior of the bolt sleeve 87 a to the closed end of the bolt sleeve 87 a and is fixed here in the threaded hole with its one rod end by screwing. Between the cover plate 88 a and the closed end of the bolt sleeve 87 a (this closed end corresponds to the free end of the driving bolt), the helical compression spring 89 carried by the bolt rod 87 b acts and expresses the bolt sleeve 89 a together with the bolt rod 87 b as far as possible the guide sleeve 88 in the direction of the groove 92 .

On the one remote from the pin sleeve 87 a, on the other. On the side of the cover plate 88 a lying end of the bolt rod 87 b, a rectangular frame-like cross element 102 is rigidly fastened (the cross elements of the driving devices of the drop weight G1 and G2 have the reference numbers 100 and 101 ). The cross member 102 extends substantially transversely to the working direction A and transversely to the longitudinal axis L and carries at its two, in the transverse direction spaced ends, a scanning roller 105 a and 105 b (the scanning rollers of the driving devices of the Fallge weight G1 and G2 have the reference numerals 103 a and 103 b or 104 a and 104 b). The scanning rollers, which can be rotated about an axis orthogonal to the working direction A and the longitudinal axis L, roll on the front and rear of the double-T beam 32 a and 32 b, respectively, in relation to the working direction A, during the lifting and falling movement of the falling weight. These front sides of the double-T girders 32 a and 32 b (and correspondingly the front sides of the double T-girders 33 a, 33 b, 34 a and 34 b) function as control curves and bear a wedge-shaped shape at an upper end region Ges trigger element 108 a and 108 b, whose front side in the working direction A represents a trigger curve section of the respective control curve (the double-T beams 33 a, 33 b, 34 a and 34 b carry a trigger element 106 in the same way on their front a, 106 b, 107 a and 107 b).

If the respective scanning roller now reaches the release element held on the corresponding double-T longitudinal member while the drop weight is being lifted, the roller becomes a curved section through the release together with the cross element 100 , 101 and 102 , the bolt rod ( 87 b) and the bolt sleeve ( 87 a) shifted in the direction A, so that the driving pin 85 , 86 or 87 is increasingly drawn into the guide sleeve 88 until the associated driver 82 , 83 or 84 no longer engages under the driving pin, the coupling connection between the with conveyor chain 77 , 78 or 79 and the falling weight G1, G2 or G3 is thus solved. The drop weight has reached its maximum stroke position at the moment the dome connection is released and falls out of it onto the underground U, which it hits with its impact head.

As indicated in Fig. 6 for the trigger elements 106 a and 108 a by a respective double arrow, the trigger elements are displaceable on the respective double-T side member. The vertical position of the trigger elements directly determines the decoupling position of the respective driver, so that the maximum lifting position of the drop weight can be adjusted in a certain range by appropriate displacement of the trigger elements. From the above it follows that the control cams, the triggering elements, the transverse elements and the scanning rollers are parts of the above-mentioned decoupling means, which remove the respective driving pin from the coupling position, in which the assigned driver can engage under the driving pin, into the release position, in the under grip of the driver is lifted under the driving pin.

As already mentioned above, the three conveyor chains 77 , 78 and 79 assigned to the drop weight G1, G2 and G3 are each provided with a driver 82 , 83 and 84 and rotate synchronously with one another at the same rotational speed and the same direction of rotation around their assigned gears. The sense of rotation is such that the section of the conveyor chain which is closer to the respective falling weight and runs in the vertical direction is moved vertically upward, as illustrated in FIG. 6. The drivers are attached at such positions along the closed loop of the respective conveyor chain, so that the drivers 82 and 83 , which are assigned to the drop weights G1 and G2, always move synchronously with one another at the same height. Are the entrainment devices of the drop weights G1 and G2 arranged at the same height relative to the respective drop weight and the triggering elements 106 a, 106 b, 107 a and 107 b are also at the same height relative to the destruction device 30 and the respective double-T side member 33 a, 33 b, 34 a and 34 b arranged, the drivers 82 and 83 simultaneously reach their coupling position arranged at the same height and then their decoupling position arranged at the same height, so that the two falling weights G1 and G2 are raised synchronously with each other and be dropped. The position of the driver 84 along the closed loop of the conveyor chain 79 is so matched to the position of the other two drivers on their respective conveyor chain that the falling weight G3 is never raised simultaneously with the two falling weights G1 and G2. With continuous circulation of the conveyor chains, there is a constant change of the two states shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b:

• a) The two drop weights G1 and G2 are simultaneously in raised their maximum stroke position and then to the Un dropped, the falling weight is G3 in its lowest position;
• b) the drop weight G3 is in its maximum lifting position raised and then dropped, here are the two Drop weights G1 and G2 in their lowest positions.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show a sequence of four Betriebszu stands during a complete revolution of the conveyor chains. In Fig. 3 the drop weight G3 is raised, as can be seen from the position of the dog 84 below the driving pin 87th The drivers 82 and 83 move along the section of the conveyor chain 87 and 78 that is distant from the respective falling weight G1 and G2. In Fig. 4a, the carrier element 84 has just reached the Entkoppelposition. Due to the interaction of the release elements 108 a and 108 b and the scanning rollers, the driving pin 87 has just slid from the driver 84 , so that the falling weight G3 falls on the ground in the next instant. In Fig. 4b, the two drop weights G1 and G2 are now raised, as can be seen from the position of the two drivers 82 and 83 below the driver bolts 85 and 86 . The drop weight G3 remains in its lowest position. (The driver 84 moves here along the section of the conveyor chain 79 that is distant from the falling weight G3.) In FIG. 4c, the drivers 82 and 83 have both reached their decoupling position. The driving bolts 85 and 86 are accordingly just by the interaction of the trigger elements 106 a, 106 b, 107 a and 107 b with the scanning rollers 103 a, 103 b, 104 a and 104 b slid from the respective driver 82 and 83 , respectively that the two falling weights G1 and G2 fall down on the ground in the next moment.

The coordinated movement (lifting movement and falling movement) of the three falling weights G1, G2 and G3 is also clear from the diagram in FIG. 7. In the two upper slide diagrams of this diagram, the vertical position of the drop weight G3 and the common vertical position of the two drop weights G1 and G2 are plotted over a parameter θ. The parameter θ is a measure of the rotation of the conveyor chains and can be identified, for example, with a rotation angle of a fictitious drive gear that rotates exactly 360 ° during a complete rotation of the conveyor chain loops. To clarify the term "complete circulation of the conveyor chain loops", a complete circulation of the conveyor chains is characterized, for example, by the fact that the participants, starting from a respective starting position (for one of the carriers, for example, the coupling position or the decoupling position) after a complete circulation of the conveyor chain have just returned to their starting position.

As shown in the diagram of Fig. 7, the falling weight G3, starting at θ₁ is raised until it falls at θ₂ on the ground. The drop weights G1 and G2 are then raised, starting at θ₃ and then falling at θ₄ on the ground. This is then followed by lifting the falling weight G3, starting at θ₁. The difference between θ₂ and θ₁ (Δθ₂) and the difference between θ₄ and θ₃ (Δθ₄) corresponds to the maximum lifting height of the falling weight G3 and the falling weights G1 and G2. As described above, this maximum lifting height can be varied by vertically displacing the coupling position of the driver (by vertically displacing the driving bolt on the drop weight) and by vertically displacing the decoupling position of the driver (by vertically displacing the release elements). From θ₂ to θ₃ (difference Δθ₃) and from θ₄ to θ₁ (difference Δθ₁) all three case weights are in their lowest position, so they are with their respective impact head K1, K2 or K3 with the shattering device arranged according to FIG. 1 on the ground , especially a concrete ceiling. The differences .DELTA..theta..sub.1 and .DELTA..theta.3 may also differ in size from one another as shown in FIG. 7.

The foregoing description has not yet gone into the forward movement of the concrete floor smasher 10 by appropriately advancing the excavator. To the ancestor, the entire smashing device 30 can be raised by means of the excavator arm 20 , so that the one or those drop weights, which are arranged in their lowest position, do not grind on the ground with their impact head K1, K2 or K3 (on the drop weights and stops are provided in the drop weight guides, which limit the vertical movement of the drop weights downwards relative to the respective drop weight guide). However, it has been found that letting one or more impact heads grind on the ground is mostly harmless, so that it is generally not necessary to lift the smashing device 30 in order to advance the smasher.

For reasons explained in more detail below, the drop weight G3 preferably has an impact head for generating cracks transverse to the working direction A in the subsurface, in particular the concrete ceiling. A design of the impact head K3 with an impact edge extending transversely to the working direction A is particularly suitable for this purpose, as indicated in FIGS. 2 and 6. The two drop weights G1 and G2 preferably have an impact head K1 or K2 for generating cracks in the subsurface, in particular in the concrete ceiling, essentially parallel to the working direction A. A design of the impact heads K1 and K2 with an impact edge extending essentially parallel to the working direction A is particularly suitable for this. The service heads are preferably interchangeable in order to provide other head shapes, for example, with service surfaces instead of service edges, or to be able to replace the heads if these, in particular the service edge, are worn.

Are the impact heads of the drop weights as indicated with Impact edges, so it is at least when the Excavator moves up parallel to working direction A, expediently Excavator while lifting the drop weight with the cross impact edge extending to the working direction (the case weight G3). Relative to the circulation dimension θ of the conveyor the excavator would have to move between θ₁ and θ₂ for this, as illustrated in the partial diagram below. In this partial slide gram with y- marked with M for engine (excavator engine) The intervals are indicated by solid lines, in which the excavator is preferred to be brought up. Depending on the sub this can also be due to grinding the drop weight G3 on the Be tolerated underground when the smashers ancestors; in this case the excavator could turn on during the dashed line Draw drawn intervals. In the latter case it would be expedient, by appropriate arrangement of the driver on the Conveyor chains the interval Δθ₃ much smaller than that Interval Δθ₁ to make so that, based on the circumferential dimension θ, longer intervals for the ancestor of the excavator are available stand. Of course, the circulation of the conveyor chains during the Ancestors of the excavator are also stopped, so that the Ancestor time available from conveyor chain circulation is independent.

In deviation from the preceding description, the shattering device can also be carried out without conveyor chains rotating in closed loops, but for example by means of reciprocating drive elements, in particular conveyor chains. In Fig. 5c such a design of the smashing device is indicated by a dashed double arrow instead of an upward, solid arrow. To produce the coupling connection between the driver 84 and the driving pin 87 in the coupling position of the driver, the driver can be wedge-like in deviation from the block-like shape, as just indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 5c, so that the driver when approaching the Driving pin presses this into the guide sleeve from above, so that the driver can move past the driving pin past at least to a position at which the driving pin is pressed out of the guide sleeve again due to the force of the spring 89 , so that now the Carrier with subsequent movement in the opposite direction ent up the driving pin and thus the drop weight can take. The coupling connection can be released in the decoupling position of the driver as explained in connection with the previously described embodiment.

In the preceding description of the concrete ceiling smasher 10 or the smashing device 30 it has already been indicated that the excavator preferably moves up to a position on the ground, in particular the concrete ceiling, and stops there for dropping the falling weights. The drop weights are arranged in a respective drop position in this excavator position and, as written, are dropped onto the ground one after the other (when the concrete floor shatter is at a standstill). The excavator then moves to the next position on the ground; the drop weights are thereby moved on to their next respective drop position. As explained in conjunction with Fig. 7, the orbital movement of the conveyor chains here on the forward movement of the excavator is preferentially coordinated such that the time required to raise the drop weight G3 is used to drive the excavator forward. Accordingly, at a standstill position of the excavator, the falling weight G3 is first dropped in its falling position depending on the position of the excavator, the rotational position of the superstructure on the undercarriage of the excavator and the position of the excavator arm. Then the two case weights G1 and G2 are raised at this excavator position (with the excavator stationary) and dropped onto the ground. The excavator then moves on to the next excavator position.

The procedure described offers several advantages. On the one hand, the hydraulic motors driving the conveyor chains only need to be designed so strongly that they are sufficient to lift the heavier load of the two loads formed by the drop weight G3 alone and by the two drop weights G1 and G2. On the other hand, a particularly well-defined formation of clods is achieved by producing corresponding longitudinal and transverse cracks in the subsurface, in particular the concrete ceiling, as shown in FIG. 11. This figure shows in FIGS . 11a to 11j a sequence of drop positions of the drop weights G1, G2 and G3 and the cracks in the subsurface resulting from the dropping of the respective weight at the corresponding drop position. From a snapshot to the next snapshot of the sequence, the additionally added case positions at which a drop weight has been dropped are identified by an arrow.

As indicated above, the drop weights G1 and G2 are equipped with an impact head designed to form longitudinal cracks essentially parallel to the orientation A and the drop weight G3 is equipped with an impact head designed to form transverse cracks essentially orthogonal to the working direction A. The mode of operation is as indicated in FIG. 8. The excavator moves to a series of excavator positions spaced apart from one another in the working direction, at each of which the drop weights are dropped at the corresponding drop positions. The drop positions are accordingly also spaced apart from one another in the working direction A. If a series of excavator positions spaced apart in working direction A has been approached, the excavator turns and successively moves to a series of excavator positions parallel to the aforementioned series, which series is essentially parallel to the first-mentioned series. The excavator is therefore moved back and forth across the ground row by row.

Starting from a subsurface without cracks, the drop weight G3 is dropped onto the subsurface as the first weight according to FIG. 11a; this results in a transverse crack QR1 in the underground. Fig case the two weights G1 and G2 are subsequently laser-case according. 11b at the same digging position sen, this results in addition to the cross-sectional view QR1 the two longitudinal cracks LR1 and LR2, the überge at one end in the cross-sectional view QR1 hen. The two longitudinal cracks LR1 and LR2 end at a certain distance from the cross crack QR1. After the two drop weights G1 and G2 have been dropped, the excavator moves in working direction A and stops at the next excavator position in the series of excavator positions. At this position, the drop weight G3 is dropped again, which causes a transverse tear QR2 essentially parallel to the transverse tear QR1, as shown in FIG. 11c. Then the drop weights G1 and G2 are dropped at the same excavator position, whereby longitudinal cracks LR1 and LR2 are generated, which at one end merge into the transverse tear QR1 and at their other end into the transverse tear QR2. The cracks QR1, LR2, QR2 and LR4 thus delimit a flounder of the subsoil or the concrete ceiling, which is essentially rectangular.

When the procedure corresponding to FIG. 11, the excavator of backhoe digging position to position in front travels about a distance which corresponds to the distance of the drop weights G1 and G2 in the transverse direction to the working direction A substantially. Accordingly, the plaice shown in Fig. 11d is substantially quadratic. The two drop weights G1 and G2 can, for example, be spaced about 1.1 m apart from one another transversely to the working direction and have a distance of about 0.7 m from the falling weight G3 parallel to the working direction A. If the excavator moves from excavator position to excavator position approximately 0.7 m, there are clods with a size of approximately 1.4 × 1.1 m, which should still be regarded as approximately square. By appropriate design of the smashing device or by moving the smashing device, for example with means of the excavator arm at a respective excavator position at an angle to the working direction such that the drop weight G3 is dropped exactly between two drop positions at which the drop weights G1 and G2 have already been dropped clods with an edge length of about 0.5 m (with a correspondingly smaller distance between the drop weights of about 0.4 m) are also produced.

To generate the next transverse crack QR3 in the working direction according to FIG. 11e, the excavator again moves to the next excavator position, stops there and the falling weight G3 is dropped at its corresponding falling position. The two falling weights G1 and G2 are then dropped at the same excavator position, so that two longitudinal cracks LR5 and LR6 form between the two transverse cracks QR2 and QR3, which delimit a further slab. As indicated in FIG. 11f, the falling positions closest to one another in the working direction are offset from one another transversely to the working direction in such a way that the falling positions lie at the break points of two zigzag lines Z1 and Z2 following the middle of the working direction A.

According to FIGS . 11g to 11j, the row of drop positions according to FIG. 11f is followed by a parallel row of drop positions at which the drop weights G1, G2 and G3 are dropped after corresponding movement of the shatter. The drop positions of the drop weights G1, G2 and G3 are chosen such that on the one hand the drop positions of the drop weight G3 are each approximately at the same height as a drop position of this drop weight of the row according to FIG. 11f, so that the already existing transverse cracks QR1 and QR2 in be extended substantially transversely to the working direction, and on the other hand the falling positions of the falling weights G1 and G2 of the adjacent rows have a substantially constant distance transversely to the working direction, so that the longitudinal cracks LR9, LR10, LR3 and LR4 accordingly also have a substantially constant distance from one another. Approximately square clods with essentially the same dimensions are formed.

If the procedure illustrated in FIG. 11 is continued accordingly, a crack pattern as illustrated in FIG. 8 is finally achieved. Here the subsurface has a large area that is smashed into square clods with essentially constant dimensions. (Depending on the surface, the cracks may also be more straightforward than drawn in the figures for better differentiation from other figure lines.) FIGS. 8 and 11 give an example of a method for smashing, as the preceding statements clearly make from concrete ceilings to clods by dropping three weights. The distance in the working direction from the nearest neighboring falling positions in the working direction corresponds approximately to the distance of these falling positions transverse to the working direction.

In deviation from the preceding description, the superstructure can also be rotated relative to the undercarriage of the excavator in such a way that the working direction A and the direction of travel F of the excavator are not parallel. According to FIG. 9, the angle between the working direction A and the driving direction F is approximately 45 °. This arrangement has the advantage that the cracks running at about 45 ° to the direction of travel F facilitate picking up the resulting clods by means of a loading shovel of a wheel loader following the excavator and also traveling in the direction of travel F, since the loading shovel at the tips of the loader facing it Can attack clods.

Another alternative procedure is shown in FIG. 10; here the angle between the working direction A and the direction of travel of the excavator F is about 90 °.

To the in Fig. 8, 9 and 10 shown shatter 10 'is to be added that the Zer carried by the excavator arm shattering device 30 ' is slightly different than the shattering device 30 of Figs. 2 and 3. In the shattering device 30 'are Gears 56 a, 56 b, 60 a and 60 b transversely to the working direction A substantially in the middle of the shattering device, so that the gears 60 a and 60 b are the gear pair between them 66 immediately adjacent. This change compared to the smashing device 30 and the slightly different shape of the smashing device 30 'as a whole in plan view are irrelevant for the functioning of the smashing device.

Compared to the preceding description of the underground smashing device according to the invention and the smashing method according to the invention according to FIGS . 1 to 11, many modifications are conceivable. For example, the smashing device may have only two instead of three falling weights. Such a design of the smashing device can be easily explained using the exemplary embodiment with the three falling weights. Compared to this embodiment, for example, with the three drop weights G1, G2 and G3, only the drop weight G3 together with the device parts associated with this drop weight G3, such as intermediate shaft 58 , gear wheels 62 a and 62 b, gear pair 66 , gear pair 69 , conveyor chain 79 , double T, Carrier 32 a and 32 b, etc. are omitted. The carriers 82 and 83 are then preferably attached to their respective conveyor chain 77 or 78 in such a way that only one of the two case weights is always lifted, the other case weight is thus arranged in its lowest position. For example, the drivers could be attached to the conveyor chains in such a way that the uppermost partial diagram of FIG. 7 describing the movement of the drop weight G3 is applicable to the drop weight G2 and the middle one, in itself the movement of the two drop weights G1 and G2 descriptive partial diagram of FIG. 7 applies only to the drop weight G1.

Are the two drop weights G1 and G2 corresponding to that ahead outgoing statements at the same level relative to the work Direction A arranged, the smashers, if the Fall positions of the fall weight G1 from the fall positions of the Falling weight G2 spaced apart in working direction A.  between the dropping of one and the fall Allow the other weight to move in one direction ren that a component parallel to the working direction A. points. Each drop position ent one of the two drop weights ent then speaks an excavator position. Alternatively, the Smashing device can also be modified such that the Drop weights G1 and G2 not only across the working direction, but also parallel to the working direction A from each other are spaced. For example, the drop weight G2 in Direction of work A shifted and for example at about height of the omitted falling weight G3. With a corresponds to such formation of the smashing device For each excavator position, a pair of fall positions of the fallge Weigh G1 and G2 in the direction of work and across the work direction are spaced from each other.

With a smashing device with two falling weights, which are spaced apart from one another transversely to the working direction and are either arranged at the same height relative to the working direction A or parallel to the working direction, a substrate, in particular a concrete ceiling, can be used in the manner shown in FIG. 12 and smashed into clods. Fig. 12 shows in Figs. 12a to 12g, a sequence of event positions of the two drop weights G1 and G2, a according to the foregoing abgewan punched bursting apparatus and the resulting in dropping of the respective drop weight cracks in the substrate. As in FIG. 11, the newly added drop position at which the drop weight G1 or G2 has been dropped is identified by an arrow. The two case weights each have an impact head, which is suitable for generating cracks transversely to the working direction.

In Fig. 12a, the first drop weight has fallen onto the ground and a cross crack QR1 has formed. Subsequently, the other drop weight is dropped according to FIG. 12b, possibly after ancesting the smashing device in the working direction. Accordingly, a transverse tear QR2 is formed, which is offset in the working direction A with respect to the first transverse tear QR1. The distance between the two transverse cracks is considerably smaller than the distance between adjacent transverse cracks according to FIG. 11, so that in addition a crack LR1, which runs slightly obliquely with respect to the working direction and is nevertheless referred to as a longitudinal tear, arises, which connects the two transverse cracks QR1 and QR2 with one another. The excavator then moves forward again, and the first drop weight is dropped again, so that a transverse tear QR2 and a longitudinal tear LR2 result. The procedure continues in the manner described, FIG. 12d showing a somewhat later snapshot. As indicated in Fig. 12d, the next adjacent falling positions in the working direction A of the two falling weights are so offset from one another transversely to the working direction that the falling positions lie at the break points of a zigzag line Z following the average of the working direction A.

As shown in FIGS . 12e to 12g, dropping the falling weights at falling positions of a second row, which is offset from the first row according to FIG. 12d transversely to the working direction A, creates clods, each of two transverse cracks and four longitudinal cracks 02175 00070 552 001000280000000200012000285910206400040 0002019537890 00004 02056en are limited. The four longitudinal cracks can also be summarized as four longitudinal tear sections of two longitudinal cracks spaced apart from one another transversely to the working direction.

The foregoing makes it clear that Fig. 12 gives an explanation of an embodiment of a method for crushing concrete floors to clods by dropping two falling weights. The distance in the working direction from the next adjacent case positions in the working direction corresponds approximately to half the distance of these falling positions transverse to the working direction. In principle, however, the method can also be carried out with a smashing device with only one drop weight by corresponding movements of the smashing wagon or better by appropriate displacement of a smashing device with only one drop weight relative to the smashing wagon (e.g. by means of the excavator arm).

In summary, the present invention relates to a sub ground smashers, in particular concrete floor smashers with a chassis wreck and one Smashing device with at least one drop weight. According to one aspect, a detachable coupling device is between a drive element lifting the drop weight and the drop suggested weight. In another aspect, they are invented According to the invention, at least two against a working direction drop weights offset from each other. The Erfin dung also relates to a method for crushing concrete cover to clods by dropping at least one Falling weight that is on in one working direction from each other spaced fall positions dropped on the concrete surface becomes. According to the invention, they are next in the working direction neighboring case positions so transverse to the working direction offset from each other that the drop positions at the kink score at least one on average follow the direction of work the zigzag line.

Claims (34)

1. Underground smashers, in particular concrete ceiling shredders, comprising:

• a carriage ( 12 ) having a chassis ( 18 ),
• - A smashing device ( 30 ) carried by the smashing wagon ( 12 ) with at least one drop weight (G1, G2, G3), which at least in one working position of the smashing device ( 30 ) in a drop weight guide ( 33 a, b; 34 a, b; 32 a, b) of the shattering device ( 30 ) is mounted displaceably in the vertical direction, and with a lifting and triggering device ( 77 , 82 , 106 ; 78 , 83 , 107 ; 78 ) assigned to the drop weight (G1; G2; G3); 79 , 84 , 108 ) for lifting the falling weight by means of at least one drive element ( 77 ; 78 ; 79 ) engaging the falling weight into a maximum lifting position and for dropping the falling weight from the maximum lifting position onto a surface (U), in particular a concrete ceiling, in the working position of the shattering device ( 30 ),

characterized by a releasable coupling device ( 82 , 85 ; 83 , 86 ; 84 , 87 ) between the drive element ( 77 ; 78 ; 79 ) and the at least one drop weight G1; G2; G3). 2. subsoiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling device comprises at least one driver ( 82 ; 83 ; 84 ) on the elongated drive element, in particular conveyor chain ( 77 ; 78 ; 79 ), with the falling weight (G1; G2; G3 ) for establishing the coupling connection between the drive element and the drop weight, in particular via a driving element, possibly driving pins ( 85 ; 86 ; 87 ) of the falling weight. 3. Underground smasher according to claim 2, characterized characterized in that the driver corresponds to appropriate back and forth movement of the drive element between a lower coupling position in the Coupling connection, if necessary by locking with the Driving element, is producible, and an upper Decoupling position in which the coupling connection is released is bar, is movable, where in the case of a production of the coupling connector by the catch element and / or the driver is preferably wedge-shaped are. 4. Underground shatter according to claim 2, characterized in that the driver ( 82 ; 83 ; 84 ) by moving in the same direction of the drive element guided in a closed loop ( 77 ; 78 ; 79 ) between a lower coupling position in which the coupling connection, in particular by undergripping of the driver under the driver element ( 85 ; 86 ; 87 ), can be produced, and an upper decoupling position in which the coupling connection can be released can be moved. 5. underground smasher according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the maximum stroke position of the falling weight (G1; G2; G3) is adjustable by vertical displacement of the decoupling position of the driver ( 82 ; 83 ; 84 ) and / or by vertical displacement of the driving element ( 85 ; 86 ; 87 ) on falling weight. 6. subsoiler according to claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the driver and / or the driving element ( 85 ; 86 ; 87 ) associated decoupling means ( 106 a, b; 107 a, b; 108 a, b) are provided that forcibly release the coupling connection in the decoupling position of the driver ( 82 ; 83 ; 84 ). 7. subsoiler according to any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that the driving element ( 85 ; 86 ; 87 ) between a coupling position in which the coupling connection can be established, and a clearance order in which the coupling connection is released or cannot be established , on the drop weight (G1; G2; G3) is movably mounted. 8. subsoiler according to claim 7, characterized in that the driving element ( 85 ; 86 ; 87 ) is tensioned by spring means ( 88 ) in the coupling position before, the decoupling means provided if necessary ( 106 a, b; 107 a, b; 108 a, b) bring the carrier element to the release position to release the coupling connection. 9. subsoiler according to claim 6 and 8, characterized in that the decoupling means little least a control curve ( 33 a, b; 34 a, b; 32 a, b) with a release curve section ( 106 a, b; 107 a, b; 108 a, b) on the drop weight guide ( 33 a, b; 34 a, b; 32 a, b), whereby the release curves, which may be displaceable in the vertical direction and define the decoupling position of the driver ( 82 ; 83 ; 84 ) cut ( 106 a, b; 107 a, b; 108 a, b) acts on the driving element in the decoupling position of the driver and brings this to the release position to release the coupling connection. 10. Underground smasher according to claim 9, characterized in that the driving element ( 85 ; 86 ; 87 ) from a first, the driver ( 82 ; 83 ; 84 ) facing drop weight side (S1) to a second, away from the driver drop weight side (S2) through the falling weight (G1; G2; G3) it stretches and at its end which is remote from the driver, scanning means ( 103 a, b; 104 a, b; 105 a, b) for scanning the control curve ( 33 a, b; 34 a, b; 35 a, b), the driving element in the release position relative to the coupling position, in which it projects beyond the first drop weight side, preferably being displaced in the direction of the second drop weight side. 11. subsoiler according to claim 10, characterized in that the first drop weight side (S1) a longitudinally extending groove ( 90 ; 91 ; 92 ) in the drop weight (G1; G2; G3) limits, in which the driving element ( 85 ; 86 ; 87 ) protrudes at least in the coupling position and in which the driver ( 82 ; 83 ; 84 ) is at least partially arranged when the drop weight is lifted. 12. Underground smashing device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the scanning means comprise at least one scanning roller rolling on the respective control cam ( 103 a, b; 104 a, b; 105 a, b). 13. Underground smashers according to one of the previous ones Claims, characterized in that the Fallge important (G1; G2; G3) a replaceable surcharge head (K1; K2; K3).   14. Underground smashers according to one of the preceding claims or according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the Zertrümmerungsvor direction ( 30 ) at least two laterally offset to a working direction (A), in particular direction of travel (F) of the smashing carriage ( 12 ) against each other Fall weights (G1; G2; G3). 15. subsoiler according to claim 14, characterized characterized in that at least two (G1, G2) of the laterally offset drop weights (G1, G2, G3) are arranged at the same height in the working direction, and that the lifting weights assigned to these drop weights and release devices are designed such that the drop weights with a time interval of one different and thus with an ancestor of the smash rers in working direction on each other in working towards the surface can be dropped. 16. Underground smasher according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that at least two (G1, G3; G2, G3) of the laterally offset drop weights (G1, G2, G3) also in the working direction against each other sets are. 17. Underground smasher according to claim 16, characterized characterized in that the smashing device has a total of three drop weights (G1, G2, G3), which at the corners of a substantially equal gift left triangle with the working direction (A) in the we arranged substantially orthogonal triangular base are.   18. Underground smasher according to claim 17, characterized in that each drop weight (G1, G2, G3) is assigned a separate drive element ( 77 ; 78 ; 79 ), these drive elements by a common drive device, in particular least least a hydraulic motor ( 52 a , b), the shattering device ( 30 ) can be driven. 19. Underground smasher according to claim 18, characterized in that the drive elements ( 77 , 78 , 79 ) guided in a respective closed loop are motionally coupled and preferably can be driven at a substantially constant rotational speed. 20. Underground smasher according to claim 19, characterized in that the drivers ( 82 , 83 , 84 ) of the type on the drive elements ( 77 , 78 , 79 ) are arranged such that a maximum of two (G1, G2) of the three drop weights (G1, G2, G3) can be raised simultaneously. 21. Underground smasher according to claim 20, characterized in that the drivers ( 82 , 83 , 84 ) of the type are arranged on the drive elements that the two case weights arranged on the triangular base (G1, G2) are arranged simultaneously and with the triangle tip Fall weight (G3) alternately raised and dropped. 22. Underground smasher according to claim 21, characterized characterized in that the two at the triangular base arranged drop weights (G1, G2) each about half so heavy to about three quarters so heavy, preferred about two thirds as heavy as that on the Triangular tip arranged drop weight (G3).   23. subsoiler according to one of claims 17- 22, characterized in that the drop weights (G1, G2) one each at the triangle base Generation of cracks in the working direction in the lower reasonably trained service head (K1; K2) sen, in particular a service head with one impact edge extending in the working direction, and that the falling weight at the triangle tip (G3) one to create cracks across the working direction in Trained impact head (K3) has, in particular a service head with a extending transversely to the working direction striking edge. 24. Underground smasher according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shatter mererwagen is a self-propelled carriage ( 12 ). 25. Underground smasher according to claim 24, characterized in that the smashing wagon is an excavator ( 12 ), which optionally has a hydraulic auxiliary pump, preferably driven by the excavator motor, for driving the at least one hydraulic motor ( 52 a, b) of the shattering device ( 30 ). 26. Underground smasher according to claim 25, characterized in that the smashing device is attached to a boom of the excavator, in particular on a hydraulically movable excavator arm ( 20 ) instead of an excavator shovel or the like. 27 Untergrundzertrümmerer according to claim 26, characterized in that the excavator (12) comprises the in particular designed as a crawler track (18) driving comprising undercarriage (16) and one on the undercarriage is rotatably mounted, the boom (20) factory having upper carriage (14 ) includes. 28. Smashing device for mounting on a driving device serving as a smashing vehicle, possibly a truck or preferably a construction machine, such as an excavator ( 12 ) or the like, with the features relating to the smashing device ( 30 ) at least one of claims 1-23. 29. Process for smashing concrete ceilings into ceilings flounder by dropping at least one case weight (G1, G2, G3; G1, G2), at least that a falling weight on in one working direction (A) spaced-apart drop positions on the Concrete ceiling is dropped, characterized in that in the working direction next-adjacent case positions so transverse to Working direction (A) are offset against each other that the drop positions at the break points at least of a zigzag following the direction of work Zack line (Z1, Z2; Z) lie. 30. The method according to claim 29, characterized in that the distance in the working direction (A) from in Ar direction of nearest neighboring case positions about half to twice the distance across Working direction (A) of these drop positions ent speaks. 31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that in the direction of work alternately about two same height based on the working direction opposite, perpendicular to the working direction set case positions of the first kind and one across Working direction approximately in the middle between these  Fall position lying fall position of the second kind follow each other. 32. The method according to claim 31, characterized in that at least for most of the process a fall weight (G1; G2) on one only drop the respective case position of the first type is left when in this case position in opposite directions closest neighboring Fall positions of the second kind already have a fall weight (G3) has been dropped. 33. The method according to any one of claims 28-32, characterized in that an underground smashing device ( 60 ) according to one of claims 1-27 or a smashing device ( 30 ) according to claim 28 is used.