DE1704914A1 - Method and apparatus for continuously shaping molten thermoplastics into a web - Google Patents

Description

BI. DU PONS 'DE NEMOUSSS AND COMPANY 10th and Market Streets, Wilmington, Delaware 19 898, V. St.A »

Method and device for continuous deformation melted thermoplastics into a web

The invention relates to the continuous deformation of molten thermoplastic plastic of a web »

Bigher has not yet had a method by which to do it succeeds in continuously deforming molten thermoplastics with high Gesahwindigkeiien so that they complicated Accept pattern.

The invention "relates to such a method and to one for Carrying out the method suitable device for deforming prior to total thermojlastic plastics into a continuous one Web that has a fluster.

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According to one embodiment of the invention, pressure is applied Standing molten plastic is conveyed over a laterally limited distance with practically no pressure drop, which in an outlet terminates in pressure-tight connection with a relatively cool, patterned solid one Surface, which moves past the outlet, se that the melted plastic in the cough's surface driven in and continuously

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the web is deformed, which is then separated from the surface at a location remote from the outlet. The device for performing this method includes a coughed roller presenting the moving, patterned, solid surface, a source of pressure standing molten thermoplastic material, a form which, through its outlet, is in pressure-tight connection with the patterned surface β is so that the mold absorbs the plastic from the plastic source and the flow of the

"Plastic is directed against the patterned surface through its outlet without significant pressure loss, with the Pressure exerted on plastic drives the plastic into the pattern of the surface. In this way a molded with the pattern provided plastic sheet, which is then continued by the movement of the surface of the mold. The device has fine means for cooling the patterned

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Surface on, so that the with the surface in contact able to cool plastic.

The pressure exerted in the mold on the molten plastic is applied at the interface between the outlet of the mold and the patterned surface long enough to fill a complicated pattern even at high speed of movement of the surface. Surprisingly, this deformation is not prevented by the cooling of the thermoplastic material coming into contact with the patterned surface. Also surprising is the fact that, despite the cooling of the molten plastic material in contact with the patterned surface, thin films with thicknesses ± n G-rÖBsenordnung be 0.025 to 0.127 mm molds.

Räch, another embodiment of the invention, exists between the outlet of the mold and the patterned surface the same pressure-tight connection, however, the outlet has "a wedge-shaped channel running in the direction of movement of the patterned surface" and its base from the patterned surface in motion will. This wedge-shaped channel receives the molten plastic as a result of a drag flow created by the moving patterned surface in the plastic

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its way through the fona and drives the plastic into the pattern of the surface. This soleplate flow pressure increases the pressure that is already bearing on the plastic while it flows through the laterally limited path. In the case of simple mornings, the drag current pressure alone is sufficient to fill the sexton of the patterned surface, provided that sufficient molten plastic is supplied to the wedge-shaped channel. Further magni & wedge-shaped channel ert the Kontaktfläohe lind the contact time between the molten thermoplastic and the relatively cool patterned surface during Verfonnungsvorganges, whereby the deformation was supposed to be complicated, i überraschenderwe se but allows this Ausführungeform of the invention due to the duroh generated the wedge-shaped channel pressure the production of more complicated coughs and the achievement of higher overall production speeds than is the case with the first embodiment of the invention.

Furthermore, the invention relates to various forms of Plastic sheeting that can be made bit the devices and methods of the invention.

To further explain the invention, reference is made to the drawings Referenced.

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Pig «1 is a schematic representation of a continuous shaping layer that incorporates the features according to the invention having.

Pig, FIG. 2 shows, in cross section, an embodiment of the embodiment shown in FIG Investment according to Pig. 1 veirv endable verifying device.

Pig. 3 shows in cross section another embodiment of the embodiment in FIG

the system according to Pig. 1 usable :! Exercise device. ^

Pig. 4 shows an embodiment of the device for laterally delimiting the molten thermoplastic material,

Pigο 5 shows a part of the surface of a patterned roller "seen from the outlet of the Wegsireoke of the melted thermoplastic in the form of plastic.

Pig. Figure 6 shows part of the surface of a patterned roller, i also seen from the outlets of the geechnolaenen theraoplaetieohan Kunetstoffee in the Porm, with the The outlet and the roller pattern are set at an angle to one another are located.

Pigο 7 is a plan view of the surface of a floodplain

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shape of the shaped web according to the invention.

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Pigο 8 shows a cross section through the path according to Pig. 7th after line 8-3.

Pig. Figure 9 is a top plan view of a rope of another embodiment of a web formed by the invention.

Pig. Fig. 10 schematically shows a device for removing the Film and for longitudinal stretching of the web.

Fig. 11 schematically shows a device for transversely stretching the web.

Pigο 12 is a plan view of part of another embodiment of a web shaped according to the invention.

Pig. 13 is a cross section through the web according to Pig «12 according to FIG the line 13-13.

Pig. H explains the failure of those shown in Pigο 12 Train to a rope »

Figure 15 is a side view of another embodiment of a shaped web of the present invention.

Flg. 16 is a plan view of another embodiment a web shaped according to the invention.

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Pig. 17 Is a perspective ^{view: 1} -slit the arrangement of the binding strip of the web, see Fig. 6 in the manufacture of a brush.

Pig. Figure 18 is a top plan view of another embodiment of a thread-like product made from the game of the invention are kaiji.

Pig 19 and 20 show a top view and a side view, respectively the amendment according to Pig- 18.. "

Pig. 21 shows the threadlike product according to Pig. 19 and 20, which is closed in itself in the manner of a closed bandoa.

The one in Pig. 1 dargestellta Strangpreose 2 is provided with the hopper 4 to receive the thermoplastic resin, the extruder 2 operates the plastic and the like by melting it on under pressure. The pressurized molten plastic enters the mold 6 through its back (not visible in the figure) from the extruder and flows through the path 7 to its outlet, which is in pressure-tight connection with the incessantly patterned orphan, so that the plastic is driven into the pattern of the roller without a drop in pressure and without air admission. Through the ■

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Roller 8 is the molten plastic continuously from the Outlet of the path 7 continued, so that a contiguous formed web 10, the pattern of which is complementary to that of the whales. At 12 the track 10 will be sprinkled duroh or spraying with water cooled, and after sufficient contact with the roller 8, in turn from the inside is cooled down, the cooled web is removed from the roller through the take-off roller 14-. This process is done through the Stripping roller 16 and a molded coating supports the duroh the spray nozzles 18 applied to the surface of the roller is before the roller uniar of the form 6 hinduro. By one or more blades 20 located between the take-off rollers 14 and the spool 22 can move the web 10 in Long strips can be cut or trimmed at the side.

Details of the mold 6 and the patterned roller 8, which represent the essential files of the exercise device according to the invention, are shown in one embodiment in FIG. 2. In the mold 6 there is the cavity 24 which corresponds to the path 7 of FIG and fed with molten thermoplastic material 26 through the extruder via the inlet line £ 7 _{vd.rd 0} JThe cavity 24 ends in the slot-shaped outlet £ 8, which extends across the surface of the roll «· Θ across Hlatarranä and the edge of the order

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Aue-lasses 28 are passed through: the mold plate 30 or the doctor blade 32 limited, which calibrate both at adjustable intervals from the Roller 8 are located and on the. Form 6 fastened by bolts 34 and, which are guided through the slots 36. The on the molten plastic 26 in the cavity drives the plastic through the outlet 28 into the roller nut into it, which starts from the transverse grooves 38 (which are shown in the drawing For reasons of clarity in their distances and in their breadth are shown enlarged) and deci these transverse grooves intersecting Killen 39 is formed. The Ec & lraum 24 and the outlet 28 show no constrictions at all, so that the Surface of the roller 8 outside? the pressure exerted on the plastic practically the same as the pressure exerted on the plastic in the cavity 24

The grooves 38 and 39 form one side of the web 10 ₀ The other side of the ball is formed by the doctor blade 32, which is located at an adjustable distance from the roller 8 in order to be able to change the thickness of the web. In this way a track can be obtained which consists of severing strands or ribs, which correspond to the grooves 38 and 39, with openings either between the strands or ribs or an oboe surface of the batons being formed by a cohesive film. By electiiaohe radiators 40, which sioh in ontspreohen-

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the wells or nozzles are in the form, the form 6 to a temperature above the melting temperature of the Plastic heated * The melting temperature of the plastic is the minimum temperature at which a fresh sample of the Plastic leaves a molten line on a heated metal surface when it is slowly pulled over the metal surface. This temperature will too designated as the sticking temperature.

The squeegee 32 is usually heated to a temperature as high or higher by the electric heater 41 is than the temperature of the mold 6. The outside 33 of the squeegee lifts off sharply from the direction of the web 10 in order to To prevent the web from sticking to the soft squeegee. The squeegee can also be notched on its lower edge, so this is the case form corresponding protrusions in the formed web. The temperature of the roller θ is at least 10 ° C below the Melting temperature of the plastic, which reaches, for example, a coolant through the inside 43 of the roller by passing a coolant through it become kazm

The device gomäes Ti ;. 3 is similar to that shown in Fig. ■ Is the exception that de? slot-shaped outlet 26 to the wedge-shaped channel 42 is widened, the In the ümdrehungerich-

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direction of the roller 8 is wedge-shaped. The wedge shape of the on the underside of the roller 8 limited channels 42 comes due to the fact that the doctor blade 32 opposite the roller 8 a has inclined surface 44. As the surface of the roller 8 moves past the outlet 28, it melts Plastic is drawn into the channel 42 and from there into the Cough driven on roller 8. This in the channel 42 ^ Drag flow pressure generated on the surface of the roller is increased the pressure on the plastic in the cavity 24 of the Form weighs down.

The YeformungBvorriohtun ^ according to Fig. 2 and 3 can, as in FigV 1 shown, with a water spray device 12 and the Pormsohlicht spray nozzles 18 be equipped

Between the outlet 28 for the molten thermoplastic ^ Plastic and the roller 8 there is a pressure-tight connection, 80 that the exerted on the plastic in the cavity 24 Pressure and - if the device according to FIG. 3 is used, is - the SohleppstromdTuok is available to the r. Plastic continuously and at high speed to drive into the cough of the roller 8. Generally located sioh the plastic when it forms a liquid melt » as is the case with polyamides, in the cavity 24

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under a druok of at least 3 »5 atti, during the druok in the case of more viscous plastics, such as polyethylene, is generally above 12.3 atmospheres. Depending on the master to be created one can, however, also at much higher deformation pressures, e.g. Press over 70 atmospheres, work. Under certain circumstances, the drag current pressure alone can be sufficient to cause the deformation. The pressure-tight connection is partly due to the fact that the squeegee 32 is set so that? they the The flow space for the plastic emerging from the outlet 28 is limited, and partly also by the fact that the rate of deformation of the web corresponds to the viscosity of the To be deformed Kunststofiee is dimensioned so high that a Rücküokflieeeen under the mold plate 30, which is generally at a distance of 0.05 to 0.25 mm from the surface of the roller 8 is prevented.

Fig. 4 shows an arrangement for the lateral delimitation of the thermoplastic synthetic material when it emerges from the Opening 28, whereby the Druokabdiohtung is completed. In Pig. 4 is the squeegee 3? in working position and is equipped with the heating element 41. The side face of the roller 8 has the cough consisting of the grooves 38 and 39, the on the shoulders 54 between the roller surface and the cylinder dershaped invite 56 stops having a smaller diameter

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exhibit all the rest of the orphan. The one from the cavity 24 outflowing plastic; 'Melt is deformed into a web, which extends completely across the groove pattern. A further flow of the plastic to the sides is duroh the Ent plates 60 prevented by the Bolt 61 held at an adjustable distance from the roller 8 will. The bolts 61 are through (not shown)

Slots passed through the end plate and in the Porm 6 ^ tightened. The end plates 60 are close to the shoulders on and have curved lower surfaces, which in turn close to the corresponding surfaces of the cylindrical ends 56 of the The roller. As a result of the arrangement of this dent in such a small amount Distances (in the order of 1/20 to 1/10 mm) some melted plastic in the curved space all around Ice the shoulders 54 around before the plastic is cooled will. Due to the cooling, the HinavLs3.eoken is removed from further

i Plastic on the ain side, thus preventing the deformation pressure from decreasing. D Jtrch amount of the low plastic, which in the space between the Eadplatten 60 and the roller 8 flows in, is formed a Gleitdru3kdichtung, without contact of metal to metal or another lubrication would be required. The end plates 60 simultaneously form the sides of the Hohlrauiaee 24 uid of the Formauelassea 28, since they extend just as far near the bottom. .

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Furthermore, an arrangement can be provided to change the distance between the mold 6 and the roller 8 in order to avoid any Compensate for pressure fluctuations in the extruder 2 and those exerted on the plastic entering the roller pattern Keep force constant. An example of this is the pivotable suspension of the shape S on the stub shaft 62, which is sioh Center of the supply line between the extruder 2 and the mold, the lever arm 64 carrying a weight 66 (see FIG. 1). Am excessive deformation pressure then compensated for by the fact that the mold 6 rotates executes, through which they sloh away from the roller β. if the pressure assumes its normal size again, the weight 66 returns the mold 6 to its normal position, see above that a web of the desired thickness is produced.

In order to fill out complicated patterns in the surface of the roller rotating at a steady speed, you do not have to only the pressure exerted on the plastic and the volume of the Plastic is sufficient, but the druok must also be exercised long enough to drive the plastic into the roller pattern. In order to achieve this, the width of the outlet 28 in the direction of rotation of the roller 8 should be greater than at least one recurring unit in the pattern, if the relevant lift makes this possible. This is shown in Fig. 5

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placed where the roller 8 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow and the outlet 28 can be the outlet of the mold 6 according to FIG. 2 or the outlet of the mold 6 according to FIG. 3 with the wedge-shaped channel 42. The pattern in the surface of the roller 8 consists of rows of squares 68 which are formed by transverse grooves 36 and circumferential grooves 39 intersecting them. The width of the outlet 28 and consequently the width of the tion under pressure with the roller surface in Beruh-% property plastic melt is larger than the total width of a square 66 and a groove 38, and therefore large as a unit of the wiederkehrenäe Husters. The squares 68 can have a side length of 3.175 mm, the grooves 38 and 39 a width of 0.17 mm and a depth of 0.889 mm, the mold cavity a width of 6.35 mm and the outlet including the wedge-shaped channel a width of 25 »4 mm, the dimensions for the mold cavity and the outlet referring to the direction of rotation of the roller» ^ j

Pig, FIG. 6 shows another arrangement of the mold outlet 28 in relation to FIG on the pattern of WaLse 8, in which the mold outlet sohräg to the grooves - 38 is ongeordnat to suit the needs of the pattern to make geo-jhiaolzenem thermoplastic material evenly. In Fig. 6 the outlet 28 is inclined to the axis of the roller 3, while the grooves $ 8 run parallel to this axis.

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Likewise, however, the grooves 38 while maintaining the required Druokabdichtung obliquely hat axis of the roller 8 and the Ponnaufllaee 28 run parallel to the roller axis. In this case, of course, you get a different product.

7 and 8 show an embodiment of a plastic web that can be produced according to the invention, D. The web 100 has the shape of a sieve or network "which is molded into a surface by a roller which has the same pattern in relief. The sieve pattern consists of rows of at a distance from one another, circular depressions 102 which are separated from one another by a line of raised lines, so-called strands or webs 104 »*, the strands or ^; Bars run parallel and perpendicular to the length of the web. This mister forms a surface of the web. The other web surface consists of a contiguous thin film 106, the thickness of which depends on the distance between the doctor blade and the roller. For example, the web 100 can have a thickness of 0.2 * 54 mm, a 0.0254 mm thick film, 40 depressions 102 at 25.4 mm each and webs with a width of 0.254 aa. The sheet can be made of linear π polyethylene or polypropylene under a pressure of 17 ″ 5 atti at a condensation temperature of 250 ° C, a roller temperature of 80 ° C and a surface speed of the whales of 45.7 n / min . the

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Interfaces of the webs 104 form rounded corners.

The film 106 can be removed so that the meshes dee Sieve pattern can be opened by moving the web 100 up to the Melting the film heated, whereby the film retracts into the webs 104. However, the railway is not allowed to do so be heated to a high temperature so that it melts or the sieve in some other way Suffers damage, thermoplastics, especially Polyamides decompose easily when in the presence

heated by oxygen to the temperatures required to melt the film. This decomposition can be avoided if the heating is carried out fast enough and the spell freed from the foil is immediately deterred, or if to allow oxygen to enter.

Fig. 10 shows a Torricitung for removing the film and for Longitudinal stretching of the train. The web 100 runs between the feed rolls 110 through and then down at the outlet 112 of the heater 114 vorοei ο In the heater 114 air flows through inlet 116 and is passed through radiator 118 heated to 700 to 800 ° 0 · After removing the foil is Immediately place the web in the water bath 120 at line 8W temperature quenched, running around the guide roller 122, among other things. Then lift the track between the take-off rollers 124. ·

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The web shaped according to the invention can, as shown in FIG. 10 for the stripped web 100 is shown in FIG Be stretched lengthways. The web is guided around a first row of rollers 132 that grip the web, then it passes through the heater 134, which heats the web 100 on both sides to a temperature below the melting point of the plastic, causing the web to move a second row of Gripping rollers 136 is passed around, which rotate faster than the rollers of the first row 132 so that the web is straightened and oriented to the desired extent.

The web shaped according to the invention can also be used in the transverse direction be pre-stretched to the desired degree. According to FIG. 11 the web 100 after it has been in the device according to FIG has been pre-stretched in the longitudinal direction, the depressions 102 having assumed the form of elongated openings, now again to a temperature below the melting temperature of the plastic heated and fed into the transverse stretching device 140, which consists of diverging tension conveyor belts 142, which revolve in the direction indicated and bits (not shown) are provided at closely spaced brackets that the edges of the web hold tight so that the Bihn 100 as it advances through the Device auegereokt wild. The blades 144 serve to detach

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the railway from the gorges; In the path that is now stretched in the transverse direction, the originally elongated openings 102 have assumed rectangular shapes with rounded corners. In this way, the mesh screen formed in the web can be converted into a much larger-meshed screen, the further advantage being achieved that the strength of the screen mesh is increased as a result of the biaxial orientation. _N can ZOB a screen mesh made of linear polyethylene with 40 Haschen per ~ μ

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25.4 mm, as described above, can be converted into a net with 10 meshes each 25.4 mm.

The longitudinal and transverse tracking of the web produced according to the invention is carried out using devices known per se. The depressions 102 formed in the web can have a wide variety of shapes, from circular to polygonal, for example square, or even other forms, which can be achieved by changing the pattern on the roller 8. The webs or strands of the web have interfaces formed with them from a single piece, <| regardless of whether the film has been removed from the web, or whether the web has been oriented unlacial or biaxially . ■. Sieve nets frozen according to the invention can be used, for example, as insect protection nets, lace or other ornamental materials, stiff linen, for hoop röoke and other ionwovens.

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Another use for the one made according to the invention Network is reinforcement faoon line. Reinforcement Facon Lines usually has high strength in one direction but low strength in the transverse direction. With the biaxially oriented networks according to the invention, this disadvantage does not occur because they have high strength have in both directions. The biaxial scattering ratio is preferably at least in both directions 2.5 times and preferably at least 3 times; Niederdruckpolyäthylenne'Jz is preferably biaxial to at least the 4-fold versireokt. A special valuable, biaxial stretched Fagonl has 2 to 3 strands each 25.4 mm in a square pattern and a strand cross-section of about 0.635 mm on one line. Such a product has a Breaking strength of about 5 kg per cm of width. So that the stretched network has good strength in the crossing points retains the crucifixes both before and after the stretching out between the strands or webs rounded Have corners.

Another net-like product that can be produced according to the invention is shading for tobacco Fig. 9 shows a for This product is particularly suitable for this purpose. The network 150 exists of strands 152 formed from a piece with them

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Forming points of intersection 154 and delimiting square openings 156 "The network 150 further consists of thicker reinforcing webs 158, the interfaces formed from one piece with them 160 and in turn consist of one piece with the strands 152. D: th reinforcing webs 158 have the Supporting the network 150 required distances from one another, and the strands © 154 and the openings 156 have such large-68, that they provide the necessary shade. Bas Netz 150 therefore has both strength and light weight «

FIGS. 12 and 13 show another embodiment of a web that can be produced according to the invention, in which many thread-like precession elements, such as pedon or ribbons, are granulated at the same time. This sheet 170 consists of elongated filamentary elements 172 sindj separated from each other over most of their length by elongate recesses 174 wherein, the depressions in the form of Schlit- zon first stretch over the whole © web or adjacent with their underside of a foil 176 and if necessary, cross webs 178 spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction can be connected to each other in a line perpendicular to the thread type elements 172 the distances of the thread-like

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Elements Relatively wide distance from each other. In general the distance between the transverse webs is at least five and often at least ten times greater than the distance between the thread-like elements from each other. Slide 176 is 0.025 up to 0.254 mm thick. You web 170 or the thread-like elements 172 of these can be any of the sewing operations described above, such as removal of the film, uniaxial Stretching or biaxial stretching.

You can thread-like elements 172 by removing the film or be separated from one another by slitting in the longitudinal direction, e.g. with the blade 20 according to FIG a track, like track 170, is an economic starting point for (a) precision strip that can be oriented lengthways to form a Verpaokungsgiärtmaterial, and (b) threads that can be used as textile thread or for other purposesο Serart made threads can either be in one another Prepare textile treatments, such as crimping, in separate form or in the form of the web consisting of the threads and fibrillation. You so obtained bulkier Threads and webs can be used in a manner similar to the previously known bulky fabrics. They can also be laminated in a criss-cross pattern be used to create a canvas-like material, filter,

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to produce stiffened material or reinforcement material.

Typical details for the production of a web of thread-like elements, such as precision strip material, are as follows: The orphan 8 has a diameter of 27.3 ounces and five grooves running around its circumference, 13.97 mm wide and 2.54 na deep, which pass through 3.175 mm wide ribs are separated from each other, which fit into corresponding notches in the mold plate 30 in order to prevent the plastic melt M from returning. The distance between the roller and the doctor blade is 0.1778 mm As shown in FIG. 3, at temperatures of 280 ° 0, ^{polyhexamethylene adipamide is used as plastic 1} , and the roller runs at a surface speed of 12.2 a / min and is kept at about 110 ° 0. When approaching the direction of the gate, stearic acid and later water are used as the lignite. The web thus obtained consists of ribbons that are in their. Dimensions correspond to the grooves in roller a and are held together in the longitudinal direction by a 0.1778 am thick film, which is removed from the strips by cutting »intersections are not present ·

These conditions can also be used to form individual 8.9 cm wide strips using a roller 8 equipped with appropriate grooves »

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FIG. 14 explains the production of a θβH-like product 180 by twisting the thread-like elements 172 of FIG Fig. 12 in the form of threads around one another before or after the removal of any film 176 that may be present. When the transverse webs 178 come together. and run perpendicular to the thread-like elements 172, as shown in Fig. 12, the resulting hatchet has a chain-like appearance. When the ridges 178 Running diagonally rather than in the transverse direction, the resulting rope has a smoother appearance. Preferably the Threads oriented lengthways before twisting to give the rope greater strength. To reduce the Friction when twisting, the adjacent threads can be provided with a lubricant. They twisted training the Threads can be fixed by heat treatment.

As FIG. 15 shows, the web 170 shown in FIG can be produced with thickened transverse webs 190, which consist of the plane of the preferably oriented thread-like structures 172 stick out. Such a track is suitable as a drive or Conveyor belt, when it is placed in the form of an endless belt around gear wheels that are designed in two ways that they The distances between the thickened webs 190 correspond. The distances between the webs 190 and the profile thereof can be modified as desired for this purpose. Well someone else

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Embodiments can be provided in the interstices between the thread-like elements 172 in the transverse direction openings 173, which are used for engaging s of gears, as is is the case with a bolt chain.

The thread-like elements produced according to the invention can also be designed so that they have a longitudinal direction have varying cross-sections. Solo products are made using a roller 8 where the grooves vary in depth and / or width. For example, tapered threads 192 can be made "those on their thicker ones." Ends are connected to one another by a one-piece sine strip 194, as shown in exaggerated thickness and width in FIG. 16 can be made in the form of a web »which corresponds to the in Fig. 16 has the outline represented by the solid and streaked lines, whereupon the opposite

Threads at their achaal β th 3 parts 193 are separated from each other

the. The threads can be designed in such a way that they can extend parallel or transversely to the machine direction each of the kaoh treatments described for web 170 can be subjected. The binding strip 194 can sloh Bshroale bit be brewed to overlap, as shown in Fig. 17, so that an aggregate of, preferably orientated

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th, tapering threads 192 are produced, that of a brush The end of this unit formed by the binding strips can, as is customary in the manufacture of brushes, at be attached with a handle so that nan receives a brush in which the individual bristles are connected to one another by the folded binding strips 194 to form a piece are. The brush can also be made by cutting the binding strips into short strands and stacking them on top of one another, or by having the binding strip inside itself even curls up.

According to another embodiment of the thread-like elements of varying cross-section, the thread-like elements can have the cross-section of a cord 200 having beads, which consists of integrally formed balls 202 and connecting threads 204, as shown in FIG. Such a tfulstsohnur is suitable for ornamental purposes and for knotting and tying, the balls 202 preventing the loosening of the knots made from the cord. According to a modification of this embodiment, the balls 202 can be replaced by disks 206 with openings, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 is «, the soles 206 can be folded together so that they go through the openings in other sockets 206, as shown in FIG. 21, so that the sockets can only be tied without Knots can also be used.

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Forms of interlocking and binding threads alternating sections are made.

The rollers 8 used to make these various web patterns can be made by conventional methods. According to a preferred method, the roller is made from a series of disks that are stacked together next to each other, wöbe? the roller pattern is formed by notches in the circumference of the solenoids. The discs are attached to an M hollow mandrel, which is shaped so that the individual discs cannot rotate against each other, and cutters are screwed onto the two ends of the mandrel, which hold the stack of discs together feat.

As thermoplastics, all plastics can be used in the context of the invention, which are in heated, molten states under relatively high pressures deform coherent, solid shapes. Examples of suitable thermoplastics are polystyrene, Highly shock-resistant · Polystyrene, ABS resin, the saturated hydrocarbon polymers, <rie linear or branched chain tea Polyethylene, polypropylene and copolymers of the same, Ionomers as described in Sanadiachen patents 674,595 and 713 631 are described, copolymers of ethylene and α, β-unsaturated oaroonic acids as found in the British

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Patent specification 963 380 are described, and mixtures of the same with saturated Kohlimwasseretoffpolymerisaten as well as mixtures that a simultaneously crystallized Oiyd or contain water activated crosslinking agents as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial Hoο 248 229, dated Dec. 31 In 1962, halogenated or perhalogenated polyolefins such as polyvinyl chloride and polymers of tebrafluoroethylene which can be processed from the melt, such as copolymers of the same with hexafluoropropylene, and polymonoohlortrifluoroethylene, polyvinyl acetate and copolymers of the same with are described saturated hydrocarbon polymers and optionally those described in British Patent 963,380 acidic copolymers, polymers of α, β-unsaturated Carboxylic acids, such as methyl polymethaoryl acid, the polyamides, such as polyhezanethylene adipic amide, polyhexamethylene sebaoic acid amide, polyeaprolaotam, polycondensates of the same and mixtures of polyamides with acidic copolymers, Xonooeren and / or saturated hydrogen hydrogen polyesters, Polyoxyatthylen and msdhpOlyaerieate of the same, Polyoarbonat ·, Polyethylene trephthalate.

The respective deformation, film biöeung and teretreokungetemperature for the production of the plastic webs described above depends on the respective plastic and the

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Processing conditions such as the speed of the patterned roller 8 and the complexity of the pattern of the same. The performance of the deforming method and apparatus according to the invention for making complex coughs is based on the ability to fill coughs with closely spaced grooves and grooves of small widths and a high ratio of depth to width as well as other complicated patterns with the plastic Temperatures also depend on whether the device according to Pig. 2 or the device according to Figo 3 is used. Typical working temperatures including. the temperatures for the roll stabilization of the oriented web against shrinkage are given for some thermoplastics in the following table;

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17049U 30

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plastic Verforciungs-
temperi.tur,
⁰ C Scattering
temperature,
⁰ O Heat stabilizer
ization
temperature"
⁰ O linear
Polyethylene * 200 bit 250 50 to 120 90 ▼ branched out
total polyethylene ** 180 to 190 20 to 60 Polypropylene 200 to 250 50 to 135 100 Polystyrene 240 bit 280 135 90 Polyvinyl chloride 150 bit 170 100 95 Polyhexane ethylene
adipic anide 260 to 350 •
, 125 to 230 170

* Also referred to as Jllederdruokpclyethylene. ♦♦ Auoh referred to as high pressure polyethylene.

The wedge-shaped channel 42 can have any shape, by the deformation pressure exerted by the extruder is increased ο Io generally on the channel 42 has the Gestali; from converging surfaces »being the Valeenouster one of the Forms surfaces. The pressure required for the thermoplastic plastic melt in the cavity 24 can be lower than the full strand stress of the extrusion press »vas of depends on the respective plastic and the working conditions. However, the pressure in cavity 24 is practically the same like the printing of the plastic »when it old the pattern on the

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Walaonoberfläche in contact korjist when this pressure is insufficient, the SchlsppströimmgEianordnung genäse Pig ₀ 3 can be used to increase the werdenj required for continuously filling the pattern with the resin melt strength. The grooves that form the pattern in the roller 8 do not need to have a uniform depth. The method and the door direction according to the invention are therefore also suitable for the shaping of products as they are currently manufactured by injection molding * whereby the coherent shape produced according to the invention is similar to the press ridge formed during injection molding »

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Claims (1)

170A9U EoI. du Pont de Nemours ² ^ May 1967 and Company AD-4182 R Claims (1. Process for the continuous deformation of molten thermal, moplastisohen plastics to form a web, characterized in that the pressurized molten thermoplastic material otne pressure drop through a side limited path leads which opens into a pressure-tight connection with a cool relative to the temperature of the molten plastic, patterned surface outlet, where the patterned surface continuously moved past the outlet and the melted Plastic is driven into the cough of the surface, whereupon the resulting plastic sheet is cooled and removed removed from the patterned surface at a location remote from the outlet. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of a roller is used as the patterned surface, 3. The method according to An3pruoh 1 or 2, daöuroh characterized that the width of the outlet Ln the direction of movement of the patterned - 1 -109821/1970 170A9U AD-4182 R th surface is larger than the length of a recurring Unity of the pattern in the patterned. Surface. 4. The method according to claim f to 3, characterized in that the pattern in the patterned surface and the outlet are arranged obliquely to each other. 5. A method for the continuous deformation of melted thermoplastic plastic "to a cream," characterized in that the melted thermoplastic plastic through a laterally limited path - "leads into a wedge-shaped channel formed in a pressure-tight manner Connection with a cool, patterned surface in relation to the temperature of the molten plastic opens, wherein the patterned surface moves past the outlet and the wedge-shaped channel runs in the direction of movement of the patterned surface, so that _Ά the drag flow of the molten plastic into the wedge-shaped channel drives the plastic melt 3 into the pattern of the surface, whereupon the cooled web is removed from the patterned surface at a point remote from the outlet. 6, the method according to claim 5, characterized in that the Plastic melt is under pressure along the way. 109821/1970 _BAD 170A914 AD-4182 R det and is fed to the outlet without a pressure drop. 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that a roller is used as the patterned surface. 8. The method naoh claim 5 to 7, characterized in that »that in the plastic sheet egg ». Mesh or screen pattern is generated. 9 «Method according to claims 5 to 7? characterized in that In the plastic sheet a pattern of lengthways thread-like elements is generated. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the thread-like elements duz oh a thin PoIi e _t connected together. 11. The method according to claim 9 »characterized in that the thread-like elements are connected to one another by transverse webs are »whose distances from one another are at least five times as great as the distances between the individual threadlike ones Elements. 12. The method of claim 5 NaOH "daduroh in that ratio the load on the plastic melt force holds moderately constant by the distance of the outlet from the patterned Oberfläohs in dependence on the one of the - 3 -109821/1970 ORIG! _{N / A} AD-4182 R Plastic melt pressure applied changes. 13 »Process for the continuous deformation of molten thermoplastics, daduroh characterized that nan an uninterrupted stream of a thermoplastic material melt under pressure in the sexton of a relatively cool »patterned surface drifts into it, relating to itself on the plastic feed is in motion and is in printed connection with the same, the pattern being predominantly composed of at least one to the direction of movement of the patterned Surface is made of parallel running groove and as a product one corresponding to each groove in the patterned surface thread-like structure is created, whereupon the thread-like structure is cooled and removed from the egg-shaped surface. 14 · Method naoh claim 13, characterized in that with Using a surface having a plurality of grooves, thread-like elements are formed, which in the longitudinal direction by a thin films are bound together. 15 · The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the thin film has a diameter of 0.025 to 0.254 mm. 16. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the thread-like elements ta at least one end are separated from one another. - 4 -109821/1970 _c Ί7049Η AD-4182 R 17. The method according to claim 13> characterized in that thread-like elements are formed with the aid of a surface having a plurality of grooves, which in relation to the thread spacings are far apart from one another in the longitudinal direction standing places are connected with each other 18 sheet made of thermoplastic material, characterized that it consists of thread-like elements running in the longitudinal direction, which in relation to the thread spacings far from each other in the longitudinal direction spaced points are connected to each other. 19 · rope, characterized in that it consists of a path according to Claim 18 exists 20c device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized by a moving, patterned surface (8) and a mold (6) with an outlet (28) which is in pressure-tight connection with the moving surface (8) stands" 21. The device according to claim 20, characterized by a device (12, 43) for cooling the plastic web located on the moving surface (8) and by a device (16, 14) for removing the cooled web from the surface β - 5 -109821/1970 . . . BAD ORK3 TIMES 5 T AD-4182 E. 22, device according to claim 20, characterized in that the Outlet (28) has a wedge-shaped channel (42) extending in the direction of movement of the patterned surface (8), the patterned surface forming the base of the wedge-shaped channel. 23 · Mesh made of thermoplastic with interfaces one-piece shaped strands «that by biaxial stretching to at least 2.5 times its original dimensions is biaxially oriented. 24. Network according to claim 23 * characterized «that the The interfaces of the strands have rounded corners ο 25. Thermoplastic plastic web, characterized in that it has a chase pattern of strands running parallel and perpendicular to the track, the intersections of which are made from one piece are shaped with the strands. 26. Plastic sheet according to claim 25> characterized in that the intersections of the intersecting strands are rounded Form corners. - 6 ■ - '.
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