DE1639155A1 - Ionophoresis device - Google Patents

Description

□ R.-INQ. DIPL.-ING. M. SC. DIPL.-PHYS. D R. DIPL.-PHYS.

HÖGER - LEGAL RIGHT-GRIESSBACH - HAECKER PATENT LAWYERS IN STUTTGART

Ohemway norporation, Wayae, Michigan (V ₀ St ₀ A ₀ )

XonophoressvorriehtUKig

The ErfixidTisig concerns a lonophoresevorrichtuaag ,, d »h. a system with a brush, for example a toothbrush, which can be used in combination with solutions for drugs to generate an electric current _? by ions of the medicament, such as fluoride ions, being introduced into body tissue ₉ So3 _a tooth enamel through ionophores.

The use of certain fluorides as additives to drinking water or for topical application on the bridles, x _a 'B. by adding these compounds as stannous fluoride to toothpaste for the purpose of preventing dental caries, is known. Of the

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The success of fluorides as a caries-preventing agent has been tacitly attributed to the fact that the fluoride ions be absorbed by the healthy enamel. physics Kalisch ^ chemical investigations have shown, however, that the pore wall of the enamel is negatively charged and acts as an ion target, preventing the penetration of positively charged Ions easier and the penetration of negatively charged ions is made more difficult. which are strongly negatively charged, normally inhibited by the tooth enamel, and the fluoride ions remaining on the surface of the tooth enamel are easily gone = · washed"

Fire studies have shown that the effectiveness of the fluoride ions must be increased if the naturally occurring negative charge of the tooth enamel is positive The polarity is reversed, since the crowd and penetration are deep on this path the negative fluoride ions would increase. The method of influencing ion mobility, which is called Ionophoresis, called ionophoresis, has been suggested as a way to increase the amount and depth of penetration of fluoride ions.

Ionophoresis involves the introduction of ions into body tissues using soluble salts for therapeutic purposes

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of an electric current? it is for 50 years uad more "known. When it Antikari treatment with fluoride ions deeper penetration of fluoride ions is achieved in the enamel when applied iontophoresis"

There is already an ionophoresis toothbrush with an iron electrical circuit on the market, the handle of which contains a dry battery for generating the electricity (cf. US Pat. No. 2,834,344 by EanaiK. However, this device has the disadvantage that the handle with egg & er wet hand and the dry battery determines the construction of the brush, makes it unwieldy and increases the manufacturing and maintenance costs, since the battery must be replaced periodically. Furthermore, the current path through the arm and head is much longer than through the lips ₉ as proposed according to the invention, and people ₉ who use the known brush ₉ can get headaches.

It is also known that iontophoresis for introducing ions of other soluble drugs in body tissue, for example can be applied in fingernails and skin. For example , the penetration of "pharmaceutical gel" into the nail in the treatment of fragile Mgelsi can be facilitated by ionophoresis. Also the use of SuIfacetamid at

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Palate infections and the use of selenium compounds in the scalp treatment for dandruff-causing organisms can be facilitated in this way, "The device u d the sys tem gemftß the Erfindung- are also suited for these applications ₉ although below for simplicity in connection with the introduction of Fluoride ions are described in the tooth enamel »

In general, the invention relates to an independent front external energy Ionophoresevorrichtung introducing ions in body tissue "a generally brush with a handle of an electrically non-conductive material ₉ contains a plurality of bristles and two dissimilar metal pieces carries c These two metal pieces are mounted so as that they do not touch each other, and a metal piece is not in contact with the Kb'rpergewebe during use of the brush, the other metal piece is attached to the handle of the brush, that the Eörpergewebe, z "B _o the lips in the N5he the teeth to be treated ionophoretically are in contact.

It is known that dissimilar metals develop an electrical potential in an electrolyte. The voltage series of the elements is a compilation of the electrode potentials of different metals when using a

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Hydrogen reference electrode * In the system geinäS of the invention "forming a solution that contains the aiasuführenden in the Kbrpsrgewebe ion, a, B _o © isie Speioheilösuag of ZahnreinigTOgs = - means containing a salsartiges fluoride, an electrolyte" Since the human body is electrically conductive, when the brush is used, a circuit is closed through the two metal pieces, the body and the saliva solution. A current flows through this circuit, which is generated by the potential difference between the two metals. The direction of the current flow in the circuit is determined through the

Choice of the respective metal determined. If the metal piece * that the body affected ₉ a higher potential than the other metal piece _s so is a positive charge on the body tissue on the electrolyte side "This system lab desired _s> when introduced into the body tissue Iconen _f c _o B" Pluorid · - ions ₉ sulfaoetamidioneai etc., have a negative charge _y because the positively charged tissue attracts the negatively charged ions and makes it easier for the ions to penetrate the tissue. If the arrangement of the metals is reversed, the current flow is also reversed and a negative charge is deposited on the body tissue on the electrolyte side. "When using this system on positively charged" therapeutically effective ions ", for example those from anesthetia, zinc sulfate, streptomycin -HCl _β epinephrine HCl, copper sulfate, etc., will facilitate their penetration. It is clear that in a _sec

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Touching the body duzOh the two metals tick a short circuit between the "two points of contact occurs ₉ instead of the current flowing through the desired treatment area; for this reason, such a short circuit must be avoided"

The two dissimilar metals according to the invention are selected from the series of metals that the generated cell voltage and current are sufficient to charge the body, that is to say, Z ₀ B ₀ on the teeth has a positive charge with sufficient strength of attracting the desired ions, in order to facilitate the penetration of these ions into the body tissue. In general, the cell voltage is about 0.3 to 2 volts, preferably about 0.5 to Ί volt and the current intensity is about 20 to 2000 ^ aA _9, preferably about 40 to 600 ^ A. The current strength should generally be around 2000 ^ A. do not exceed, as this current strength is physically perceived as uncomfortable (e.g. tingling of the tissues ₉ painful fillings and headaches). The current flow is not only influenced by the combination of metals used in each case, but also by the relative surfaces of the two metals in contact with the ion solution of the medicament, by the medicament in question and the ion concentration, etc. Suitable sizes for the electrodes are wide Area and are only due to the size of the

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Brush restricted. In general, the electricity generated is the larger, the larger the area of the ion solution is in contact with positive metal piece. It also affects the size of the negative or less positive Metal piece extends the service life of the brush, as it is used up when the electron flow is generated. In any case only a small part of the metal piece needs to touch the body tissue. The ion solution should generally be acidic or basic, and preferably has a pH of less than 5 and greater than about 8.

In general, all metal combinations which supply the desired voltage and the desired current can be used according to the invention. Ba the device for human tissue is intended, however, non-toxic substances are used. Suitable metals generally include those disclosed in US Pat Voltage series above the copper, e.g. iron, tin, Nickel, zinc, magnesium, aluminum, etc. Furthermore, non-toxic compounds such as oxides of these metals can be used will; when reference is made below to metals, so shall these connections can also be included. Carbon, for example in the form of graphite, and silver can also be used. When choosing metals for toothbrushes is it is desirable to use metals whose electromotive force in the voltage series is greater than that of Beatand parts

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3 -

fillings, as otherwise the fillings would decompose when using the toothbrush. Suitable metal combinations are tin-zinc, tin-magnesium, tin-aluminum, zinc-silver, copper-zinc, silver-magnesium, etc. Although the shape of the metals is given below as strips or pieces, other shapes, e.g. powder, the in the bristles of the brush or on the back ψ of the burst tightly * JL rf it is embedded, as well as real strips or foils attached to the brush are used; the terms "strips" and "pieces" are intended to include these shapes as well.

The single figure of the drawing shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention as a toothbrush. According to this figure, the toothbrush 10 contains the bristles 16 and a body with a handle 12 and a head part 14 in the usual construction. Two dissimilar pieces of metal 18 and 14 are attached to head 14 in a conventional manner. In this arrangement, the Metallstücce not touch _s and only the piece 20 is engaged with the body tissue (such as the lips) in contact ,, when the brush is used. If desired, the 3 piece 20 can be extended backwards to the handle 12, where it is in contact with the hand. The sign (~) and (+) are intended to indicate that the metal piece 20 _v higher., Positive electrode potential than the metal piece

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has "With this arrangement, an electric current, which is shown by the line 2 \ and which flows between the metal piece 20, the body and the metal piece 13, when the two metal pieces 18 and 20 are in contact with the saliva in the customer" a positive charge is applied to the teeth (represented by tooth 22). The saliva is then the medium ₀ in the start their selective ion movement. The negative ions flow to the now positively charged teeth 22 and the positive ions to the negatively charged surface on the bristles 16, as indicated by the arrows labeled (v) and (-).

The following examples serve to further illustrate the invention.

example 1

Tin and magnesium foils were attached to the head of a toothbrush. The tin foils used had areas of 600 _t 150 and 75 mm ² and the magneaium foil an area of about 30 mm ² c About 8-10 mm toothpaste was applied to a moistened brush, and the head of the toothbrush was dipped in a toothpaste paste which contained equal parts of water and toothpaste. The current readings of the circuit formed by connecting the two pieces of metal

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were carried out at Haunrbeinpsratur while the toothbrush was simmering. Porridge was dipped. Bas electrical potential reached I ₉ 08 volts. Table I shows that »current flow that was obtained when the tin foils were dwelled = 6.VMg with various commercially available toothpastes»

Toothpaste

"Animi« dent ^M (toothpaste containing HaF approx. O ₃ 2 $ ₉ pH 7.4)

"Oyal B Special" (toothpaste containing S.al'.j, etiva "0 _fl 4 #; pH 9.1

Tabel I. mm * " 150 R.A.M 75 mm 2 600 mA 250 , W A 200 _/ 1 Cl 350 Il 200 ti 1

1 "0" 420 "420"

_. Toothpaste ,, approx. * "0.4 ^; pH 5.6)

"Pact" 2 "700" 600 "

(SnFg content: Lge toothpaste _s about 0.4 ^ ₉ pH 4 ₉ 6)

"Cue" 1,2 "200" 180 "

Sa? P - free toothpaste "about 0.45s. "pH 4 _S 5)

Example 2

Using three brushes, the tin fish of which were 75 »135 and« 850 ram * "and each of which had a zinc surface of about 30 mm * - had, in a pulp of equal parts

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^ 11 -.

Toothpaste and water were made according to the working method of Example 1 obtained the following values.

Table II
Toothpaste brand tin; 85O mm ² 135 mm ² . 75mm ²

"Amm-i-dent" H5 M- ^A 56 / Lk 66 / A

(Fluoride)

"Oral B ^M 82" 58 "28 ^M

(Fluoride)

"Pact" H8 "95" 100 «

(Fluoride)

"Crest" 75 "80" 72 "

(Fluoride)

"Cue" 114 "TO" 84 "

(Fluoride)

The following dimensions (Table III) were obtained when the people who grew up had the 3 brushes in their dogs and 30 strong cleaned 'so that a foam was formed.

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Table III

Toothpaste brand Tin 850 mm 135 Bm ² 75mm ² "Amm-i-dent"
(Fluoride) 150 jnk 40 / Lk ^j 10 ^ A "Oral B"
(Fluoride) 200 " 8th " 8th " "Pact ¹¹
(Fluoride) 180 « 108 " 110 ■ " "Crest ^H
(Fluoride) 180 " 26 « 22 " "Cue ¹¹
(Fluoride) 200 " 35 " 32 " Example 3

The amount and the penetration depth of fluoride ions into the enamel is improved by the toothpaste given below when a brush as in dev. Examples 1 and 2 is used.

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Toothpaste

Tin ~ (II) fluorine! d 0.40 Calcium pyrophosphate 42.00 Glycerin 25.00 Gum arabic 0.50 water 32.10

100.00

pH approximately 5.0

- patent claims -

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Claims (1)

Patent claims: j ionophoresis device which can be held in the hand and which has a bristle holder and a handle made of electrically non-conductive material as well as a multiplicity of bristles in the bristle holder, characterized by two pieces of metal made of dissimilar metals which are placed on the bristle holder without touching each other are attached to the bristles, wherein only one metal piece touches the body of the user when the device is in use and wherein the metal pieces are electrically connected to one another via an electrically conductive liquid located in the bristles, further characterized in that an electrode potential follows between the dissimilar metals The voltage series is present and, according to the electrode potential and the relative size of the two pieces of metal, a cell voltage and a current of more than 20% are generated between the two pieces of metal when they are in contact with the electrically conductive liquid. 009826/0612 BATH ORIGINAL 2. Device naoh claim ί _f dsidurch gelreimseiclmet, c.aS the metals of the "two Msttlllatüoke g ^ gcmUTser Messehen, are poisonous. 3 »Apparatus according to claim 1 and 2 $ dad" arch that the metals of the "two Sietallsticltö in fier i-ps series U" over the copper ο Vorrichtimg mioh claim 1, gekesmsesLehnet dadiarch _f that the metals of the "esitepi'echenc two Metallstüoke. Rola tive of their size idle current of less than about 2000 jn ^ k erzougen ₉ wena ate with the conductive elelrtriscli Lbsuag is available contact. 5. Device according to claim 4 _S characterized gsksm ^ Eeichuet _r that between the two M & tallstückea an Elsktrcdenpotential of about 0.3 "to 2 volts is» 6ο Device according to claim 1 "to 5 " characterized in that the metals of the "two Metallatüeke eat" their relative size a 'current of about 40 to 600 / th erseti conditions when they are in "contact with the electrically conductive solution . 0098 26/0682 BAD ORJQINAL c System for the introduction of KedilrsmtiEfcey * in men; icxLiehes. TCoyper tissue by Iosiopho ^ ese mi '·; an electrically conductive ionic tone of the iieöikatneiits on dom su treated G-e'vcfoe and with a "Burst'ine!" direction * the tissue to be covered with the slogan "afö Ism. Touching is ₉ where the brush? Ice? -5.- ^; ioht * jJUfi; ei; is Boratenhaltsnmg uaci «siiien handle from electrically richt.i.'äitesteem Katerlal so ^ io tain / s VielRf? .hl νοϊΐ bristles ^ ui the bristle _{holderιιώ§, has s} g'-jVceanzeich ^ ct üurcoli av: ei iietallstiJc'ie sun similar _s U'ngiftii / ia'A Ms ΐ κ Ilen die; ohae eiiifr.adßi = to be touched ?! ₉ on the lBo'i'Btf * xihaltei. ^; img with the Boi-sx-ea aiigsbrccht are "7 / obei ü: -. e beldeu metal pieces vsrscliieäene electrode potential"? in dn: e 5 \> = atmusigs ■ series habeii and · in the Borfriea bsfindliche losiea-luh £ 3W2igelektrisch raiteinander _s stehea connected and wherein only the first Tvietallstück bsitn use dtjr "Btirste touched 6.Q11 body dos Oesrntzers? furthermore characterized by the fact that the first Tietallstüok has the higher br, ", ·, the lower elephantrcdeyipotcntial _s v; san Ais loneix of the Wedikamejit a victorious bz ',?" have a positive charge "and that due to the difference cv / isehen the higher and Due to the lower electrode potential and the relative size of the two metal pieces, a cell voltage and a current of more than 20% through the solution and the body tissue is generated ρ 0 09826/0682
BATH ORIGINAL ~ 17 - 8 _"fl system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the ion that of negative si & d and the first Met all tee! Is a piece of metal that has the higher electrode potential «, ο system Bach Claim 7 "and 8 _9, characterized gelcesmselchsiet, ₉ that the ions are Fluoridiosien, the brush 'is a ahabürste? and. the ICb'rpergeweb® that of uem erstea metal core" touched wird9 the Lippea are " 10 "System according to ^ asprueh 7 to 9 _S by gekenaz-siohaet that the metals of the two metal pieces ± n of the Spanaiuagsroihe are above the copper, The system according to claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the metals of the two metal pieces, according to their relative size, generate a current of less than about 2000 A when they are in contact with the electrically conductive solution, 12. System according to claim 11, characterized in that between the two pieces of metal have an electrode potential of about 0.3 to 2 volts. 009 0 2 6/0682 BATH Blank page