DE1615572A1 - Controllable high-current pressure switches - Google Patents

Description

DÜSSELDORF 10- HOMBERGER STRASSE 5. Anderson Power Products Inc., Boston, Mass./USA

Controllable high-current pressure switches

The invention relates to electrical switches and more particularly a controllable high current ^ pressure switch, the one maximum switching density per unit volume allowed without the generally accepted mechanical and electrical constructive requirements for Sehalteinrichtung for high currents are affected

The constructive characteristics for high-current switching devices of the type, for example, in the electrochemical Industry uses are in the relevant Known to those skilled in the art · The switching device must have a high electrical efficiency in order to be expensive To keep power losses as low as possible. Such an efficiency can only be obtained by the contact resistance is reduced to an absolute minimum value. Generally this is accomplished through use of high unit pressures between the touching contact surfaces in connection with mechanical Grinding to remove dirt and corrosion from the contact surfaces. In addition, one demands from such facilities that they are next to the high electrical Effective in a compact and easily accessible design can be operated properly and economically.

Accordingly, it is a primary object of the invention to provide a high current switch which has the aforesaid structural features Requirements met

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Another particular purpose of the invention is to provide an electrical switch that has an effective Has device by which a high unit clamping pressure between the cooperating contact surfaces is restored and interrupted again without a high operating torque being required

Yet another object of the invention resides in that Creation of controllable, leaf-spring-loaded, movable contact units that have a thin profile, whereby enables a maximum switching density per unit volume will.

It is a feature of the invention that each contact unit can be spring-loaded independently of each other Control of the clamping pressure between the contact surfaces of the movable unit and the two stationary contact plates.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide separate bearing surfaces in the starting position and contact surfaces in the final closed position for each movable contact unit

Yet another object of the invention is to provide an easily accessible modular construction, through which routine maintenance including replacement is facilitated by individual contacts or their parts.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a modular construction by which changes in switching capacity can be made easily and economically are possible even after the first installation.

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These and other objects and features of the invention are best understood from the following description of a preferred embodiment intended for the purpose the representation was chosen as well as in connection with the enclosed drawings »

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a coupled, two-element modular high-current switch In a construction according to the invention, the movable contact units are shown in the open switch position.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a high current switch at which the movable contact units are shown in the closed switch position

Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the switch in which the moving contact elements in closed switchgear are shown «

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view in the plane 4-4 of FIG. 3 showing a movable contact unit represents in the open holding position.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, also in the plane 4-4 of Figure 3, the movable contact unit in initial engagement with a of the stationary contact plates shows

Fig. 6 is a similarly enlarged cross section illustration showing the movable contact unit in the closed switch position «

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Fig. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of a alternative design of a contact rod, which has a multiple curved contact element *

Fig. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a Arch limiting elementS) which is attached to a stationary contact plate and the corresponding arch limiting contact rod

Figure 9 is an isometric view of an alternative Form of the fiogenbegrenzelementes

Figures i, 2 and 3 each show a perspective view and a rare and front view of a two-element modular switch which is constructed in accordance with the invention and is generally identified with the reference number 10 "Since both switching elements 12 and 14, indicated by the dashed Division line in FIg * 2 are marked, have the same components, the following description is based on Each of the two switching elements and each additional switching element applicable to the switching model 10, as follows described, can be lined up *

Figure i, 2 and 3 show that the switching element 12 has two has stationary electrically conductive contact plates 16 and 18, which are in an offset coplanar position by two electrically insulating "supports 20 and 22 are held" suitable recessed fastening element 24 are used to structurally connect the panels 16 and 18 to the Supports 20 and 22, so that a solid, straight structure is created. Both stationary plates are provided with a device by which these plates electrically and be mechanically connected to external electrical parts, such as a busbar. Vie in figure 1 and 3 of the drawings, the attachment consists

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made up of a plurality of screw mounting holes 26 spaced along the outer edges 28 and 30 of the panels 16 and 18. The elongated oval-shaped embodiment of the bolt fastening holes 28 secures turned certain degree of flexibility in the mounting of the S _c holding elements by any slight displacement of the switching elements can be balanced against the external electrical parts "It can of course also other fastening means are used to from multiple switching elements existing modular switch 10 to connect electrically and mechanically to the external electrical ^ parts · ™

Each switching element 12 consists electrically of a single-pole simple switchable switch in which the stationary plates 16 and 18 are electrically bridged by a movable contact unit, which is generally identified in FIGS. 1 and 3 with the reference number 32. It can be seen from these figures that five individual contact units 32 are present in order to produce or interrupt a corresponding number of interconnects between the stationary plates 16 and 18. The contact units 32 are moved as a whole by a mechanical joint, which is generally indicated in Figure 1 at 34 and the post-like standing more is described in detail ·

The number of individual contact elements is determined by the Desired current-carrying ability of the switching element. In a construction of the invention, for example, promoted each contact unit 1000 amps and the entire current-carrying unit Ability of the switch can be in steps of 1000 Amps can be increased by adding a modular contact unit 32 for an additional 1000 amps · Others Obviously, performance can be maintained through change the structural features of the stationary plates and contact catchers in addition to increasing the number of the contact units in each switching element

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The modular construction of the invention facilitates in high Dimensions of replacement of any contact unit or any part therein during normal, routine maintenance · This design feature is clear from Figures 4, 5 and 6, which the contact unit 32 show an enlarged cross-sectional representation · In the figures, the movable contact unit is once more open Switching position in the initial contact position with the stationary plate 16 and in the closed switching position in electrical contact with plates 16 and 18 shown

Figure 4 shows that the contact unit 32 consists of two spring-loaded, electrically conductive contact rods or "fingers ¹ * 36 and 38, the corresponding convex contact elements 40 * and 40b as well as 42a and 42b at their ends. The contact rods 36 and 38 are on opposite sides Sides of a contact unit support rod 44, with the cosvex contact elements facing each other.The lateral and longitudinal position of the contact fingers 36 and 38 is determined with respect to the support rod 44 by an interference fit pin 46 which extends outward from the opposite sides of the support rod β * It can be seen from Figure 3 that the longitudinal axis of the contact rods 36 and 38 runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the support rods 44, while the transverse axis of the contact rods runs parallel to the support rod axis.

Leaf springs 48 and 50 provide the necessary spring loading or tension on the contact rods 36 and 38. The The extent of the spring loading can be adjusted individually for each contact unit 32 by adjusting the position of the locking nut 52 along the threaded part of the retaining bolt 54 is changed. The formed contact rod shoulders 56 and 58 have a double function in the invention. First they serve to align the leaf springs 48 and 50 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the contact rods · Sodar.a they should limit the external expansion of the leaf springs, if the locking nut 52 towards the head of the

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Carrier screw 54 is moved forward

The simplified construction and the relatively few parts of the movable contact unit 32 make it much easier to repair or replace the entire contact unit or any components if only one side is accessible, for example the front or locking letter seldom, M as shown in Figure i «

Returning to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, it should be repeated that each contact unit 32 is releasably attached to a support rod 44 and that the contact units. can be moved as a whole by a mechanical articulated connection, which is generally indicated at 34. The function of the mechanical articulated connection 34 is to convert a bilateral rotary movement into the corresponding linear mn and reciprocating movement. For the switch parts, this means that the rotating "movement of the shaft 60, which is caused by movement of the shift handle 62, is converted into a linear movement which" ewirkt that the Trägereta "44 \ moved calibrated within the slots 64 of the opposite surfaces of the plate supports 20 and 22 are limited «

The conversion from retentive to linear movement takes place following nafie ». When the shaft 60 rotates, it does not have toggle levers 66 ait eich, the rotating movement on the joints 68 Transmits via the intervening approval pin The other ends of the hinges 68 have bores for receiving pins for the rotated end portions 72 of the support rod 44. As the movement of the support rod within the

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Slots 64 (as shown in _FIGS. 2 and 3) is restricted to upward and downward movement, the rotation of the joints 68, which is produced by the rotation of the toggle levers 66, causes the support rod and thus the contact units to move between an open switching position (Figure i) and a closed switching position (Figures 2 and 3) move back and forth »The limitation of the movement in the closed switching position is controlled by a stop element 74, which engages in the joint 68 and prevents further movement of the support rod 44 ·

In the stop position, the toggle levers 66 and joints 68 are rotated beyond the dead point, via the joint connection to lock against vibration · The position of the toggle levers and joints beyond the dead point also allows that a certain amount of torque is built up before the support rod and the contact units are moved through the articulated connection.

The movement of the contact units 32 between an open switch position and a closed switch position and vice versa, is best illustrated by the operational sequence illustrated in Figures 4, 5 and 6 ^. As noted above, Figure 4 shows the contact unit in the open switching position, with the retaining screw 54 against the edge of the first stationary plate 16 butts «In this situation, it should be pointed out that the distance between the opposing convex contact elements 40a and 42a is less than the thickness of the second stationary plate 18. If the contact unit is moved to the position shown in FIG. 5, the sharply curved front parts of the contact rods 36 grasp and 38 first the plate 18 at a predetermined point along a double beveled plane 76 · the further Movement of the contact unit causes the contact elements to go up the inclined plane, whereby the contact bars

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36 and 38 are spread

One can see that this form of training has a high Unit clamping pressure ensures that immediately at the initial Engagement with the second stationary plate 18 will be produced. The high unit clamping pressure sets continued when the contact element crosses the double-beveled plane 76 as well as on the flat surfaces of the plate 18, with a "wiping effect" that removes any dirt or any corrosion that occurs on the contact elements 40a and 42a or the inclined plane or the flat surfaces the plate 18 should have formed, wipes away * A similar "wiping action" occurs when the other contact elements 40b and 42b along the first stationary platen 16 slide.

It has already been mentioned that the contact units 32 so are arranged on the support rod 44 so that the longitudinal axes of the contact rods are perpendicular to the axis of the support rod and that the transverse axes are parallel to the carrier rod axis stand. It should also be noted that each of the convex contact elements 40a-40b and 42a-42b one in general semi-cylindrical in shape, with its axis is parallel to the transverse axis of the contact rod. With these physical conditions and the straight structure the plates 16 and 18 and supports 20 and 22 will be It is clear that when the support rod 44 moves within the Slots 64 the longitudinal axes of the contact rods 36 and 38 or their extensions perpendicular to that with the contact element extending engaged edge of the plate 18 and therefore, each contact element is slidably engaged with the stationary plate 18 in linear contact.

From Figures 5 and 6 it can be seen that the initial Contact surface of the contact element when touching the

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inclined surface not the plate contact part for the finally forms closed switching position of the Kontakteleeentes. The physical separation of these surfaces significantly increases the service life of the contact rod, because all of them are present when the counter is opened and closed Mechanical loads from the plate engaging part of the contact element rather than of the plate contact part be borne in the final closed position.

fe as shown in the figures described above the convex contact element is generally semi-cylindrical Shape with a single radius of curvature. However, there can be an even greater physical separation of the initial contact surface and the contact surface for the closed position can be obtained by using a multi-curved contact element is used, as shown in the alternative embodiment in Figure 7 »In this embodiment the front edge 78 of the convex contact element has a shorter radius of curvature than the rear edge 80, which the plate contact part for the final closed position of the contact element forms. Since the distance between the initial support part on the front edge 78 and the

W the plate contact part at the rear edge 80 has been enlarged, this goes hand in hand with an increase in the service life of the contact rod

When switching currents of high amperage, the Contact arcing is a serious problem, especially when the switched circuit has a significant amount of it Contains inductance. Preferably, the damage caused by arcing should be limited to a certain number of contact bars, which may be easy can be exchanged. In the invention, the con * cycle formation can be limited to a certain number

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of contact rods and a small part of the second stationary part of the plate 18 by each of the in Figure 8 and 9 arrangements shown

Referring first to Figure 4, where an arch element 82 is detachable is attached to the stationary plate 18 in such a position that the leading edge of the arch member of the contact element extends outwards, which is the edge the plate 18 is detected. Thus, the first production and the last interruption of the circuit between the Arch element 82 and the contact rod 84. The engaged (f

Standing surfaces of the arc element 82 and the contact rod 84 can have an arc alloy 86 soldered on in the sense of a longer service life.

The alternative arrangement shown in FIG. 9 uses an arch element 88, the surfaces of which are in the same plane lie with the surfaces of the stationary plate 18 The contact rod opposite the arch element 88 is replaced by a longer one (not shown (contact rod, so that all arcing is limited to the arc member 88 and the longer contact rod. The soldered one Arc alloy 86 can also be used with this arrangement for longer life pointed out that both arc-limiting arrangements greatly enhance the "circular construction of the invention." the replacement of the arch element and / or the contact rod is simplified.

Although the preceding discussion was limited to the components of the switching element 12, the same components apply in the switching element 14 and in all others Switching elements are used that are added to the switch 10 even after initial installation -, · =. With reference to

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Figure 1, 2 and 3 Bari can see that the switching element ■ with the element 12 by means of connecting plates 90 and fastening elements 92 is physically connected If the two switching elements are correctly connected to one another, the plates 16 and 18 are in parallel opposed relation to the corresponding first and second stationary plates 16a and 18b, respectively, in switching element 14 · the rotary movement of the toggle lever 66 is transmitted to a corresponding toggle lever 66a via connecting joints 94. the subsequent movement of the joints 68a and the corresponding support rod is the same as described above in connection with switching element 12 · It can thus be seen that the Switching elements 12 and 14 work as a unit as soon as the shaft §0 irarch movement of the switch handle 62 is rotated.

The relatively low profile of the leaf-spring-loaded contact unit allows a very narrow modular stack height, as shown in FIG. 2 by the distance ^w d ^M. In addition to the parallel stacking of the switching elements 12 and 14 as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the modular switch of the invention can also be coupled to a common shaft by simply increasing the length of the shaft 16 to the requirements of another switching element.

As mentioned above, the current value performance of the modular switch can be gradually increased by the simple addition of contact units · Similarly, the breakdown voltage performance increased by increasing the distance between the two stationary plates 16 and 18 will. The longer air gap between the plates requires a different toggle lever with a longer stroke and of course accordingly Longer Contact Bars · It is important, however, that the Aiodular design allow for an increase in cut-off voltage allowed without a corresponding increase in the stack height of the switching element is necessary.

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From the above description it can be seen that number » Rich minor changes to the preferred embodiment are possible · The invention is not intended to be denied the exact form presented here remains limited, but will find its limitation in the appended claims «

-Al-

009822/0696

Claims (1)

Pat ent claims 1. One electrical switch old two immovable electrical conductive plates (a first and a second), which in the same plane and at certain distances from one another are arranged, as well as at least one movable Contact, which is between the aforementioned fixed contact plates has to set up or break a stroke path. The aforementioned construction consists of a pair electrically conductive rods, each of which has convex contact elements at their ends, the rods mentioned are arranged in parallel at a distance from one another, the convex contact elements of the two rods lying opposite one another as well as a device for leaf spring tension each of said contact rods is present and a device, said contact unit between a open switch position, in which a first pair of convex contact elements both sides «ago first stationary Plate detected in electrical contact and moved linearly to a closed switch position, in which a second pair of contact elements slidably both sides of the second stationary plate in electrical contact detected with said first pair of contact elements remaining in electrical contact with said first plate, whereby an interconnect between said plates is produced or interrupted. BATH 009822/0896 - A 2 - Zl IPS r * «r <> 2. The electrical switch geeäß d a d ta re ϊι ge k that the distance is contact © inia © it siek m © JB: Z. β 'I desi atioftlb® glei % & mü "of the geaamistsa .3 »The elo & t ^ iosls © part. IssQl t öi © g © maia im 4-0 B © 3 * ■ 1 a i § UuQ fSle e 6 g So the elelstriself © Seksilt ^ ir gesäfis ÄMspraslsi I ₉ . «3 adarc is' g ® te © B. m ζ ei © la m © t, SaB fii © genaimt © sweite s ^ atioalrs FlatiS © ait ÖQD K @ Etakt!; © l © Ei © at Ia SiaigE * i ^ £ staetosifl® waist _p <iie g © aiaaat © H h @ i $ v & x <sn S®ata & taI © e © Bte: each eiae ia aligsETeiffleii Malbsylimörisclie ÄusfeiMsaagsform, where the armpit öers © li> © aen & reelit sis äer. Bäagsachse. of the Koffltaktsbes expires and the total © movement. vorrichtwiag the contact unit parallel to the longitudinal axis - .. the said Koatakta ^ be ^ and perpendicular where. the straight edge of the named second stationary plate is moved so that said pair of contact elements slidably engages said second plate in electrical contact with it, in a line contact in the closed position, while the other pair of contact elements along said first stationary plate 0Ö9822 / 0696 BAD ORlGfN _AL 20 108 1 * 2,196 * 7 I h I h h / / - A 3 - slides in a line contact with her. 6. The electrical switch according to claim 5, characterized, that said convex contact elements each have one Have a leading edge plate engaging portion and a trailing edge plate contact portion for closed position, wherein said plate engagement part has a smaller radius of curvature than the radius of curvature of the genannfe th plate contact part, whereby the opening and Closing the switch, mechanical loads occurring are absorbed more by the plate engagement parts of the mentioned contact element than by the plate contact part for the closed position. 7. ' An electrical switch, consisting of a first and second stationary, spaced-apart coplanar electrically conductive plate, a plurality of movable contact units, which are detachably arranged on a support rod parallel to one another for the production or interruption of a corresponding plurality of interconnects between the said plates, ψ as a result, refuses to pay that said units each consist of a pair of electrically conductive rods, each having convex contact elements at their ends, said rods being arranged in parallel at a distance from one another with the convex contact elements of the two rods facing each other and an independent device the pair of contact bars is biased by leaf springs as well a device that moves the said support rod evenly between an open switch position, in which a first pair of the convex contact elements in each unit both sides of the first stationary j ·. ■■■ ". ■■" - A 4 - ■ 009822/0696 . 21 108 Plate in electrical contact therewith detected and one closed switching position in which a second pair of the convex contact elements slidable in each unit engages both sides of the second stationary plate in electrical contact therewith during said first Pair of contact elements remains in electrical contact with said first plate, whereby the interconnect is established or interrupted between the said plates " 8, The switch of claim 7, ™ da d u r c h g e k e η η ζ ei c h η e t, that the said interconnects are produced at the same time or be interrupted 9. The switch according to claim 7, thus g e k e η η ζ ei c h net, * that said moving device of said The support rod is electrically stripped 10 the switch according to claim 7, da d u r c h g e k e η η ζ e i c h η β t, that an interchangeable device before the on and off μ switching contact arc on a predetermined number of said Contact bars limited 11 The switch according to claim 10, d a d u r c h g e k e η η ze i c h net, that said interchangeable device for delimiting the arch consists of an arch element which is detachable attached to said second stationary plate is and goes beyond this, said arch element is arranged so that first switching on and finally switching off with one of said contact rods takes place, whereby the arch formation on the said egg 0 09 8 2 2/0696 ■ '-' - - ■■ - ■ A 5 - - 21 108 -Α5- ment and the aforementioned arch contact tab remain. 12 the switch according to claim 10, characterized, that said interchangeable device zjir delimitation of the arch consists of an arch element which is detachably lying in a plane on said second stationary plate is attached along the contact element engaging edge and a contact rod over the of the P limited engagement contact elements of the second plate Level goes beyond, said contact rod is arranged so that initially a switch on and closes switching off with said arch element takes place, whereby the arch formation on said element and the mentioned contact rod remains limited " 13 · A coupled electrical switch consisting of at least two switching elements that can be operated as a unit, characterized, that said switching elements each consist of a first and second stationary spaced coplanar electrically conductive plates consist of a plurality detachable from movable contact units on a support rod parallel to one another for the production or interruption of a corresponding plurality of interconnects is fixed between said plates, said units each consist of a pair of electrically conductive rods, each of which has convex contact elements have at their ends, said rods are arranged parallel and at a distance from the convex contact elements of the two opposite rods and an independent device the pair of contact rods by leaf springs 'I' ■■■ - A 6 - 009822/0696 5 ~ . ■ = ■■. ■■■■ .-. 21 108 1 · 2 «1967 ~ - a / 6 ■ - Ϊ C Ϊ Ib 15b / 2 «tm.ro biases, a device _T supports said switching elements βο that the first and second stationary plate of each Schalteleueates are arranged parallel opposite to the corresponding stationary plates of each other Schalteleaentes, a device that moves the saidträgeretäoe in unit between an open switching position in which one first pair of conical contact elements in each unit engages both sides of the first stationary plate in electrical contact therewith and a closed switch position in which a second pair of convex contact elements in each unit slidably engages both sides of the second stationary plate in electrical contact therewith, during the aforesaid The first pair of contact elements remains in electrical contact with the aforementioned first plate, whereby the conductive paths between the stationary plates in each switching element are established or interrupted * 14. The switch according to claim 13, because ge ken η ze 1 c Ii η et, that the said interconnects are produced at the same time or be interrupted. \