DE1646657A1 - Active ingredients for sealing and impregnating mortar and concrete - Google Patents

Description

Active ingredients for sealing and impregnating mortar and concrete. These The invention relates to active ingredients for sealing and impregnating cast masonry, Mortars, building cement and concrete products, Which in keeping a hydration moist be subjected. One method of making the active ingredient includes mixing from about 50 parts by weight of a metallic soap selected from the Aluminum-, Silicon, sodium and potassium soaps of palminnic and steric acids and mixtures thereof, with about 50 parts by weight of additives that include an alkali metal aluminum sulfate, Contain aluminum silicate and silicon oxide while the metal soap is boiling. the Metal soap is white olein sterate that saponifies with the carbonate of an alkali metal and the 50% addition contains the admixture of about 5.5 to about 8.5% by weight Alumen, about 5.0 to about 25% by weight aluminum silicate and about 25 to about 70% by weight Silicon oxide to the. Ingredients of the cooking soap product and simmering a11 of the ingredients until a smooth colloidal solution is formed. The carbonate of the alkali metal is essentially present in excess of the theoretical amount, which is needed to saponify the fatty acid, leaving the excess with the silicon oxide can form a colloidal gel. The resulting composition can can be used in aqueous form or dried and reconstituted with water. The composition can also be selected from by incorporating an adhesive the group, which consists of casein and bone glue, can be improved.

This invention relates to sealing and impregnating agents from poured masonry, mortar, building cement and concrete and a method of manufacture the same.

Building materials, which include Portland cement, wall cement, pozzolan cement, Contain calcium aluminate cement and the like to which water is added, to bind sand, stones and clusters of slag have a number of disadvantages in terms of properties and usability. First of these Disadvantages are the permeability of moisture and the lack of processing ability in extremely cold and warm weather. Although so far numerous impregnating Admixtures for cement and concrete mixes have become known for their impregnation Properties often inadequate. Furthermore, buildings made with such materials Have been made watertight, often reverting to water leakage after they have been made are dried out.

Early setting cements or accelerators are largely for work Has been used, Soft speed requires, or where cold weather conditions make expensive protection or heating necessary during the humidification period. However, such accelerators often contain lime or calcium compounds and at of use as Therefore, masonry mortar has a tendency to become to segregate as a result of weathering, leaving them a white, unsightly deposit over the surface of the bricks create what an expensive cleaning with hydrochloric acid makes necessary. Furthermore, the maximum 28-day strength in concrete is often not reached, if such accelerators are used - and cracking, splitting, disintegration as a result Weathering, as well as permeability, which allows water to seep through concrete walls and foundations, tunnels, dams etc. are an annoying and constant one Problem in such structures.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an active ingredient for sealing and impregnating, which the difficulties mentioned above will overcome. It is another object of the invention to provide a composition for sealing and impregnating, which as an additive in concrete and mortar can be used so that the concrete and mortar can be poured at freezing temperatures or can be applied without accelerators during the wetting period or need expensive protection. It's another job of the Invention, an admixture for plaster joints, for mortar and for joints to create that in the sealing of joints, nail holes and joints Can be used in drywall construction, which is an even suspension of the constituents, thus preventing excretion and minimal sanding the moist surface require.

Another task is to create an impregnating composition, which in aqueous solution instead of water to mortar, concrete mixes and plaster mixes Can be mixed to apply by spraying, brushing or with a trowel as well as can be added to mixtures for filling joints to make a desired consistency-to achieve the mixture, which it is when drying the latter impermeable to moisture.

It is another object of the invention to provide an active agent for sealing and impregnation for concrete, mortar and other cement mixes, which be more resistant to high water pressures, weather and sea water is, compared to previously known impregnation Fabrics. It is another object of the invention to provide an admixture that does makes it possible to mix mortar and cement even in frosty weather without freezing or to use in hot weather without drying out excessively.

Another object of the invention is to provide an admixture for mortar, To create cement and concrete mixes, which act as a retarder in hot weather acts and thus supports the full strength of the processed mixture.

Another object of the invention is to provide an admixture for concrete create which makes the latter harder and denser when underground or is attached under water or even under sea water and thus for the production of pre-cast pipes, electrical cables and for burying or countersinking of waste products from nuclear reactions.

Another task is to create an impregnating composition, which in combination with sand and Cement will dry to a To form surface that is smooth and causes paint to adhere to it while The water is repelled and without penetrating only as droplets on the surface remains.

Another object of the invention is to provide a dry base for creating a waterproofing composition which when exposed to water is mixed, is able to act as an active ingredient for sealing and impregnating To serve for mortar-9 cement and concrete mixes.

Another object of the invention is to provide a dry base to create $ which, when mixed with water, can be used in a wide range of concentrations is able to provide a sealing and waterproofing composition with properties to create, which have an improved impregnation and strengthening effect Create mortar, cement and concrete mixes.

Another object of the invention is to provide an additive for concrete mixes to create the pre-cast pipes and cables to be used, which a smoother surface than a lower coefficient of friction the Surfaces of the pipes and cables are provided so that less hand grinding is necessary to create a smooth surface and thus damage the Avoid light, telephone and power cords running through pipes or wires to be pulled.

For these purposes and in accordance with one feature of the invention A novel composition is formed that is about 2 to its alkali metal aluminosilicate contains a metallic fatty acid dissolved in colloidal solution in soap. According to a further feature of the invention, this solvent contains aluminum sterate, Silicon sterate, sodium sterate and potassium sterate. This product can be used as a suspension aid can be used or, preferably, a certain filler material is added to it.

According to a method for preparing the composition, a sterate, such as white olein saponified in water in an alkali metal carbonate and while the saponified product is boiling with stirring, it is given a total about an equivalent amount of potash alum, kaolin and silicon oxide added. An aqueous, thick colloidal solution is formed, which in mortar or Concrete mixes is used in place of water, or which is evaporated, dried and pulverized to be used as a dry raw material. This dry plastic can then be rebuilt with water for use in a similar manner.

The material provided in accordance with the present invention will be it is added as an admixture to cement, mortar or concrete, a dense, non-shrinking slippery filler for the spaces between the cement, The sand and the (mixture form and become a colloidal gel or suspension form their own various constituents and will dry out after the Cements stay stable without crumbling or cracking. As a result, the cement or concrete structures that contain the new type of additive made permanently watertight will.

Thus it is possible, for example, to waterproof a brick or concrete wall to make by damaging one side of the wall with a hammer on the surface becomes, after which the thorough wetting of the same takes place, a coating of 6.35 mm (1/4 inch) thick is applied from a mixture that includes three parts of sand and part of the wall or Contains portland cement and a paste sprayed or with a trowel on the dampened damaged surface of the wall is applied, which contains the novel composition. A wall made of bricks 101.6 mm (4 inch) thick, which is 3.175 mm (1/8 inch) or 6.35 mm (1/4 inch) Having thick plastering made from this mixture on its inside is after it has dried for two days, withstand the full pressure of a fire hose, which is 8 feet apart and which is every hour for 6 hours Splashes for 15 minutes with no sign of moisture penetration on the other side of the wall.

The novel material can be in liquid, paste or dry form in plaster, mortar or concrete mixes or in smoothing mixes of cement be used as an impregnating agent in the form of a coating, which is applied by brushing, spraying or with a trowel.

For the production of the material according to the invention, various Process used to combine the components. The following example is, however, as one preferred embodiment of the composition according to specified of the invention. Commercially available chemicals are used.

Example 1 For 4514 kp (10E1 pounds) of the composition, 757 liters (20Q gallons) of water are brought to boiling point. To do this, the following ingredients are mixed in the specified amounts. Weight percent Sodium carbonate (Sada ash) Na 2C03 31e5 Potassium carbonate (anhydrous) K2 E03 1r0 0 ALumen AIK (S04) 2 * .12H 20 7! 0 j Aluminum silicate (kaolin of a grain size of 240) A1203 '2Si02 `2H20 7 9 0 j White lead (Seerat) 18.0 Silicon oxide (core size 240) SiO2 3595 ; J total: 100.0 The method is preferably carried out as follows: The sodium carbonate is gradually dissolved in the simmering water. The white flleinsterat is added to it. and stirring and simmering are continued until saponification is complete. Then the mixture is kept at its boiling point and, with continued stirring, the potassium carbonate and then the alum are added.

Although the aluminum silicate and silicon oxide are both dry The boiling mischurig t) can be mixed in, is preferred in order to make rtufsctigumE, n and run libei to avoid doing the following. One get: one suspension is made in which the aluminum sililate to the boiling water in the ratio from 3 parts by weight of water to one [part by weight. Added aluminum silicate and stirred wiid. A separate suspension of the Si / 02 in the boiling water is in one Weight ratio of 1: 1 produced and the aluminum silicate. Suspension is added to the Si02 suspension, after which the combined Si02 and aluminum silicate suspension is added while stirring the boiling soap mixture. Of course they can Si02 suspension and the aluminum silicate suspension without combining beforehand added separately to the soap. Boiling the composition will continued at a temperature of 120 to 132 ° C (250 to 270 ° F) with vigorous stirring, until a smooth, even, thick colloidal solution results. This usually takes time about an additional 20 to 35 minutes after saponification of a 45.4 kg (100 pound) amount the composition. Boiling is essential, not just a good saponification but to achieve a uniform and smooth, thick, pasty liquid to achieve and to form the various sterate compounds, namely the aluminum, Silicon, potassium and sodium sterates. The viscosity of the composition is then checked and the boiling is interrupted when using a sample in a standard pipette It takes 10 tick marks (10 c.c.) five seconds to get from the tenth mark (10 c.c.) to get to the fifth mark (5 c.c.).

The thick paste-like liquid of Example 1 can then be sent to stables of water in cement, sand mixes or in-concrete mixes.

Example 2 illustrates a typical plaster mix made using the liquid product of Example 1: Plaster mix Parts by weight Type I portland cement 18.8 Sand (ASTm Specification E-144) Dry weight 32.0 . liquid composition of example 1 9923 To test the water impermeability of the mixture of Example 2, a slag-shaped container was made in the laboratory. The composition was kept wet for seven days and then turned over and a 9.5 mm (3/4 inch) thick layer of plaster of the composition of Example 2 was applied to both sides and the floor. The assembly thus treated was covered with a wet sackcloth for 24 hours and then placed in a humid chamber to be kept humid for 27 days. The container so made was then air dried and an asbestos cement table pierced to receive a water pipe coupling was epoxy adhesive and clamped to the open end of the container. A static water pressure drop of 1.52 m (5 solid) was introduced into the container through the water line and maintained for 24 hours with no evidence of wall leakage. The pressure was then incrementally increased until a static pressure drop of over 7.6 m (25 feet) was achieved, which corresponds to a pressure greater than 0.7592 kp per cm 2 (10 β psi). There was no evidence of moisture penetration through the container wall plastered with the above mixture.

Identical concrete block containers were made at the same time, kept moist in the same way and plastered with a similar layer, however from commercial mixtures containing calcium chloride. These block containers each showed a stain of moisture that allowed the water to penetrate through the Wall indicated with a static pressure drop of less than 4.57 m (15 feet), which corresponds to a pressure of 0,457 kg per cm 2 (6.50 psi).

Although the percentages of the ingredients given in Example 1 are preferred, the following ranges of amounts of ingredients are more or less effective. Weight percent Sodium carbonate (soda ash) Na 2C03 25.0 -35.0 Potassium carbonate (anhydrous) K2 C03 0.5 - 1.5 Alumen AlK (S04) 2 '12H20 5.5 - 0 $ j Aluminum silicate A1.203 '2Si02' H20 (Grain size 240) 5.0 - 25.0 white olein (sterate) 15.0-20.0 Silicon oxide (grain size 240) SiO2 25.0 - 70.0 with the higher percentages of the aluminum silicate given above, the silicon oxide would increase accordingly in order to prevent precipitation of the silicate.

The aluminum silicate serves to keep the other ingredients in suspension to keep. Mineral pigments can, if desired, be added in quantities to the mixture between 1 and 5; CJ can be added. Example 4 Dry base To make the composition To produce according to the invention in dry form, the thick, pasty form liquid from Example 1 or from Table I to conventional Way dried, such as in a drum dryer, of which the dried material is scraped off with a scraper or on transporting screen dryers. The dried product is then reduced to one grain size (150-200) in one pulverized in a suitable manner, such as by rapidly rotating cutting blades. The pulverization process can, if desired, also be omitted in cases where the mixing process of the dried product is sufficient to ensure an even distribution ensure when the product from the rotating drum into the different Mortar, plastering, smoothing or "filler" mixes or in concrete mixes being scratched. The dried, powdered composition is made up with water built up a desired consistency and used in the same manner as above in connection with Example 1 has been described.

Example 5 The dry base material as powder or flakes of the drying process, is accomplished by diluting 1 pound (0.45 kg) of the dry material with 15.1 1 (4 gallons) Water or about one part by weight to 33.3 Parts by weight of water built up again.

When the dry material is used in mortar or concrete mixes containing masonry or portland cement will be 1 kp (2 1/4 pounds) -des dry Material with a grain size of 150 to 200 preferably per 0.765 m3 (1 cubic yard) of cement used. A 42 kilogram (94 pound) cement bag is about 0.765 m3 (1 cubic yard). Example 6 For mortar mixes for brick walls, three parts of sand No. 1 (approximately A.S.T.M. C-144) mixed with a part of Portland or wall cement. For every D.765 m3 (1 cubic yard) of this sand-cement mixture, about 34 1 (9 gallons) of the liquid composition of Example 1 mixed. No additional Water is necessary.

Example 7 When working with concrete, the usual proportions of cement, fine mixture such as sand and coarse mixture such as stone or gravel, in the usual way with the liquid composition of Example 1 used, which is added in place of water to obtain the desired To maintain consistency. About 34 liters (9 gallons) of this liquid composition are required for each 0.765 m3 (1 cubic yard) of the concrete mix. Naturally can be used for richer mixes and lower water-cement mix ratios proportionally less than 34 liters (9 gallons) per 0.765 m3 (1 cubic yard) used will.

Example B A plaster made according to the mortar mixture of Example 5 is applied with a trowel to the outer surface of a new foundation wall instead of the usual brush coating with asphalt pitch before the foundation is filled with sand again. One part of masonry or portland cement is mixed with three parts of sand No. 1 (ASTM Specification C-144) or finer) and the liquid from Example 1 or from Table-I, for example, is added until a working consistency is achieved. The mixture is applied with a trowel, spray gun or brush. Of course, the spray gun requires more liquid to achieve the working consistency. A layer of 31175 mm to 5.35 mm (l / 8 to 1/4 inch) thick of the material on a wall that has been thoroughly moistened and notched with a hammer is sufficient to make it watertight. 45e4 to 4912 liters (12 to 1`3 gallons) of the liquid composition of Example 1 per 0t755 m3 (1 cubic yard) of the sand-cement mixture has been found suitable for spray application. Those skilled in the art will understand that various materials can be used in place of the ingredients given in Table I and in the Examples below. For example, each of the alkali bars in the potassium or sodium carbonates can be swapped out. However, the compositions given in Example 1 and Table I are preferred for the best combination of properties. If too much soda ash is used, an excessive amount of alkali will remain in the product and cause white frothing or unsightly build-up and somewhat weaken the material. If too high a percentage of sodaazche is present and not compensated by potassium carbonate, the soaping will not be complete. Any aluminum salt of an alkali sulfate can be used in place of the aluminum, for example aluminum-lithium sulfate. Instead of the white olein, a sterate, palmitate or olein can be used, which is saponified with an alkali carbonate. Coconut oil would also be satisfactory. If there is too little silica or too much alkali, segregation will take place to cause a white, unsightly buildup over the surface or flocculation. Insufficient presence of aluminum silicate will cause an uneven mixture to develop. The sodium carbonate and water will rise to the top and the silicon oxide will settle to the bottom. The aluminum silicate thus forms a stable, uniform suspension and a colloidal solution or dispersion of all components. Example 9 Weight percent Sodium carbonate (soda ash) Na 2C03 25.0 Potassium carbonate (anhydrous) K2 C03 0.5 Alumen AlK (S04) 2 '12 fi20 5.5 Aluminum silicate (kaolin of a grain size of 240) A1203 '2Si02' 2f! 20 5.0 ö Palmitate oil 1-5.0 Silicon oxide (grain size 240) SiO2 25.0 Fillers such as Lime or tallow to make up to 100.0 The components are combined according to the procedure given in Example 1.

Too much lime Ca0, or too little silicon oxide in one of the compounds, causes a flocculation or separation of a white deposit as a result of weathering.

Example 10 Weight percent Sodium carbonate (soda ash) Na 2C03 35.0% Potassium carbonate (anhydrous) K2 C03 1.5 Alumen AlK (S04) 2 '12H20 8.5 Aluminum silicate (kaolin ziner grain size of 240) A1203 '2Si02' 2H20 25.0 white olein (sterate) 20.0 ö Silicon oxide (grain size 240) SiO2 70.0 ö The ingredients are combined following the procedure of Example 1. The ratio of olein to sodium carbonate to potassium carbonate, to achieve proper saponification, is preferably as follows: 18: 31.5: 1.5. The presence of potassium carbonate produces improved emulsification.

Example 11 A metallic fatty acid soap consisting of 18 parts of white olein, 31.5 parts of sodium carbonate and 1.5 parts of potassium carbonate was prepared. A composition was then obtained from 50% of this soap to which the following ingredients were added while boiling: Aluminum 8.5 Aluminum silicate 20.0 Silicon oxide 21.5 ö total: 50.0 Although the ratio of olein to sodium carbonate need only be 18:22 for saponification, the excess sodium carbonate, preferably about 31.5, is required to combine with the silicon oxide to form a colloidal gel which is an N-atrium Contains potassium aluminum silicate. The ingredients have been kept in suspension by the aluminum silicate and the soapy substance is evenly distributed throughout the mixture and acts as a binder.

The composition according to the invention is in aqueous suspension Commercial gypsum mortars added to bonded joints and nail holes to cover and to eliminate porosity in drywall construction. If it It has also been common up to now to need three layers of such "spatula" cement, to smooth joints and nail holes, with a minimum of 24 hours Drying between coats, when using the additive according to of the present invention only requires two coatings and the plastering material more easily covers a larger area, doing a smoother job and the Total time is reduced to one day since the third coating is turned off is. 5.68 l (1 1/2 balloon) liquid composition of Example 1 is used each added per 25 pounds of commercial gypsum cement, like him for example known as "putty" cement manufactured by U.S. Gypsum Company, or as the "Perfatape System" manufactured by the National Gypsum Company.

The aqueous liquid composition of the invention is preferred added instead of water, or from the dry base material (example 4) rebuilt with water, in an amount to get the consistency and consistency you want To achieve malleability.

The plaster and mortar mixture thus produced produces an extremely smooth one Finished surface, can be spread out easily with a trowel and the paint adheres excellently your. Furthermore, no standing is necessary, as with the previously known gypsum-mortar mixtures this kind.

The plaster and mortar mixture made with the mixture from Example 11, can be used outdoors without freezing at temperatures from -9.5 to -12 ° C (10 up to 15 ° F).

Example 12 Adhesive Additive Composition 70.9 g (2.5 ounces) casein powder Was served with hot, simmering Water dissolved to make a thick paste prepare which is then 0.45 kgf (1 pound) of the liquid composition of Example 1 was added and thoroughly stirred in with a paddle mixer. The result of it The resulting composition was found to be satisfactory when mixed with gypsum mortar, Paint, stucco and as a plaster coating was mixed to improve adhesion to increase these materials.

Example 13 Adhesive Additive Composition The same materials were used as in Example 12 except that 142 grams (5 ounces) of casein powder was used per 0.45 kg (1 pound) of the composition of Example 1.

A layer of plaster was produced according to Example 8, however Contained 142 g (5 ounces) casein powder and adhered better than the material of Example B.

Example 14 A plaster layer similar to Example 12 was produced, However using 70.9 g (2.5 ounces) of bone glue per 0.45 kg (1 pound) of the composition of the material of Example 1. The plaster layer produced in this way was useful, but not as effective as that of Example 12.

It will become apparent to those skilled in the art after reviewing this publication it will be understood that the ingredients, compositions, and methods of of the present invention can be modified in various respects and thus in others than the specific ones described and published herein, for example Methods and compositions can be embodied without departing from the essentials Features of the present invention within the scope of the appended claims to deviate.

Claims (6)

Patent claims 1. A process for the production of an impregnating and sealing composition for masonry, mortar and concrete, which is subjected to hydration while keeping it moist, characterized by the mixing of about 50 parts by weight of an aqueous metal soap solution, in which the soap consists of a fatty acid selected from palmitic and steric acids and saponified with an alkali metal carbonate, with about 50 parts by weight of additives totaling about 5.5 to 8.5 % alum, about 5.0 to about 25.5% aluminum silicate and about Contain 25.0 to about 70% silica and boil the ingredients at a temperature in excess of 120 ° C (250 ° F) until a smooth colloidal solution is formed. 2. The method according to claim 1, d a d u r c h e k e k e k e n n n n e n t, that the metal soap is obtained from white olein sterate saponified with an alkali metal carbonate. 3. The method of claim 1 dadurchg, 0 -kennzeichnet that the alkali metal carbonate is present in an amount which exceeds the required for saponifying the fatty acid theoretical amount substantially, so that the excess with the silicon oxide can combine to form a colloidal To form gel. 4. The method still to claim 2, dadurchg s -ke is used to mark, that the boiling point of all the ingredients is continued until the formed colloidal solution having a viscosity that is equivalent to an attempt to start a cycle time as a result of gravity of a sample of the colloidal solution in a standard pipette by shows ten marks (10 cc) from the tenth mark to the fifth mark of five minutes. 5. Liquid, impregnating and sealing composition. Obtained by the process of claim 2 , characterized in that it contains 2 to 5 percent by weight of an alkali metal aluminum silicate in colloidal solution in an aqueous medium, the medium consisting essentially of at least one compound selected from the aluminum, silicon, sodium and potassium soaps of palmitic and steric acids and mixtures thereof. 6. The composition of claim 5, characterized in that it contains about 0.9 to 142 g (2 1/2 to 5 ounces) per 0.45 kg (1 pound) of the liquid product of claim 5 binder , des do the group no one and little bones is chosen .