DE1533035B1 - PROCESS FOR POWDER METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION OF SINTER PARTS MADE OF METAL AND OR METAL OXIDE POWDER USING CAST PASTE - Google Patents
PROCESS FOR POWDER METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION OF SINTER PARTS MADE OF METAL AND OR METAL OXIDE POWDER USING CAST PASTEInfo
- Publication number
- DE1533035B1 DE1533035B1 DE19661533035 DE1533035A DE1533035B1 DE 1533035 B1 DE1533035 B1 DE 1533035B1 DE 19661533035 DE19661533035 DE 19661533035 DE 1533035 A DE1533035 A DE 1533035A DE 1533035 B1 DE1533035 B1 DE 1533035B1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- wax
- metal
- paste
- plasticizing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 B. W Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
Es ist bekannt, daß beim Pulverpressen nie Formgestaltung begrenzt ist. Andererseits führt die innere Reibung -der Metallpulver während des Pressens zu Dichtunterschieden. Ein weiterer Nachteil der bekannten Verfahren ist, daß z. B. kostspielige Hartmetallwerkzeuge benötigt werden. Das Pulverpressen ist ferner durch den Umstand begrenzt, daß Drücke von mehreren t/cm2 anzuwenden sind, was bereits bei Formstücken von 100 bis 200 cm2 Basisfläche die Abmessungen der hydraulischen Einrichtungen unwirtschaftlich erhöht. Nachteilig ist ferner, daß dünnwandige Hohlkörper mit den Verfahren nicht herstellbar sind.It is known that powder molding is never limited in shape is. On the other hand, the internal friction causes the metal powder during pressing to density differences. Another disadvantage of the known method is that, for. B. expensive hard metal tools are required. The powder pressing is also limited by the fact that pressures of several t / cm2 are to be used, which already for fittings with a base area of 100 to 200 cm2, the dimensions of the hydraulic Facilities increased uneconomically. Another disadvantage is that thin-walled hollow bodies cannot be produced with the process.
Es ist bekannt, daß zum Verfestigen von Formstücken Polystyrol oder andere warmhärtende Kunststoffe verwendet werden. Die Preßbarkeit der Metallpulver wird ,durch Zugabe von Paraffin oder anderen Wachsen gefördert. Diese werden im Laufe des Sinterns ausgebrannt. Der Anteil dieser Bindemittel beträgt 0,5 bis 1% der Metallpulver. Ein langwieriges Sinterverfahren in Wasserstoff ist dabei notwendig.It is known that for solidifying molded pieces or polystyrene other thermosetting plastics can be used. The pressability of the metal powder is promoted by adding paraffin or other waxes. These are in Burned out in the course of sintering. The proportion of these binders is 0.5 to 1% the metal powder. A lengthy sintering process in hydrogen is necessary.
Die Erfindung beabsichtigt, die oben angeführten Nachteile zu beseitigen. Das vorgeschlagene Verfahren ist für Metallpulver beliebiger Art anwendbar, wobei die Möglichkeit der Herstellung von Formkörpern aus hochschmelzenden Metallpulvern, unabhängig von den geometrischen Formen, besonders hervorzuheben ist. Die Dichte der mit diesem Verfahren erhaltenen Formstücke ist gleichmäßig, die Formkörper verfügen über scharfe Kanten und sind auch als dünnwandige Hohlkörper herstellbar.The invention aims to obviate the disadvantages set out above. The proposed method can be used for metal powder of any type, with the possibility of producing moldings from high-melting metal powders, Regardless of the geometric shapes, should be particularly emphasized. The concentration the molded pieces obtained with this method is uniform, the molded bodies have over sharp edges and can also be produced as thin-walled hollow bodies.
Durch die Erfindung ist auch die Erzeugung von umfangreichen, indirekt geheizten, ,Elektronen emittierenden Katodenkörpern aus hochschmelzenden Metallen und aktiven Seltenen Erdmetallen möglich.The invention also enables the generation of extensive, indirect heated, electron-emitting cathode bodies made of refractory metals and active rare earth metals possible.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bedarf keiner kostspieligen Werkzeuge und großen Einrichtungen. Erfindungsgemäß werden die Metallpulver mit einer organophilen Wachsschicht versehen, damit sie vom Plastifizierungs-Wachs einwandfrei benetzt werden können. Als Folge dieses Präparierens vermindert sich der notwendige Anteil an Plastifizierungs-Wachs auf 6 bis 10%. Dazu werden die Metallpulver auf eine Temperatur zwischen vorzugsweise 100 bis 300° C vorgewärmt, dann bis auf 80° C abgekühlt und in eine warme Kugelmühle gebracht. Es wird 0,5% Ölsäure und 1% Karnaubawachs beigegeben und das Gemisch 2 Stunden lang bei 80°C in der Mühle gemahlen. Nach Zugabe des Plastifizierungs-Wachses entsteht eine in warmem Zustand fließfähige Paste, deren Temperatur nicht höher als 110° C sein darf. Wird zum Beispiel Paraffinwachs und Karnaubawachs im Verhältnis 2:1 beigegeben, so beträgt diese Temperatur 80° C, wobei die Paste dünnflüssig und bei Zimmertemperatur fest und gut zu handhaben ist. Aus Festigungsgründen kann anstatt des Paraffins auch Karnaubawachs zur Verwendung kommen, in welchem Falle die Temperatur bis auf 110° C ansteigt.The method according to the invention does not require any expensive tools and great facilities. According to the invention, the metal powder with an organophilic Apply a wax layer so that it is perfectly wetted by the plasticizing wax can be. As a result of this preparation, the necessary proportion is reduced of plasticizing wax to 6 to 10%. To do this, the metal powder is brought to a temperature preheated between preferably 100 to 300 ° C, then cooled down to 80 ° C and placed in a warm ball mill. 0.5% oleic acid and 1% carnauba wax are added and the mixture was ground in the mill at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. After adding the plasticizing wax the result is a paste that is free-flowing when hot and whose temperature is not higher than 110 ° C. For example, paraffin wax and carnauba wax are used in proportions 2: 1 added, this temperature is 80 ° C, the paste being thin and is solid and easy to handle at room temperature. For reasons of consolidation, instead of Of the paraffin, carnauba wax can also be used, in which case the temperature up to 110 ° C.
Die warme Metallpaste wird in die kalte Form injiziert, füllt sie aus und erstarrt. Die Form kann aus Weichmetall hergestellt werden, ist zerlegbar und innen mit dem Negativ des erwünschten Formteils ausgestaltet. Nach einigen Sekunden kann das Formteil der Form entnommen werden.The warm metal paste is injected into the cold mold, filling it off and freeze. The mold can be made of soft metal and can be dismantled and designed inside with the negative of the desired molded part. After a few seconds the molded part can be removed from the mold.
Das in der Erfindung beschriebene Verfahren ermöglicht die Herstellung von komplizierten geometrischen Formen und großen Voll- und Hohlkörpern durch Pastenguß. Das Verfahren ist besonders vorteilhaft zur Erzeugung von Formkörpern aus hochschmelzenden Metallen, wie z. B. W, Mo, Ta, Te usw. Bei größeren Gegenständen muß für die Kühlung der Form mit Wasser gesorgt werden, wodurch die Verfestigung der warmen Metallpaste begünstigt wird.The method described in the invention enables manufacture of complex geometrical shapes and large solid and hollow bodies by paste casting. The method is particularly advantageous for the production of moldings from high-melting points Metals such as B. W, Mo, Ta, Te, etc. For larger objects must be for cooling the shape must be taken care of with water, thereby solidifying the warm metal paste is favored.
Der nächste Verfahrensschritt ist die Entfernung des Plastifizierungs-Wachses, ohne daß das Formteil deformiert oder beschädigt wird.The next step is the removal of the plasticizing wax, without the molded part being deformed or damaged.
Das Formteil wird dazu in glühendes Aluminiumoxidpulver eingebettet, welches vom Plastifizierungs-Wachs einwandfrei benetzt wird. Bei Temperaturen zwischen 180 und 200° C wird das Wachs während einiger Stunden durch das Oxidpulver aufgesaugt und auf großen Flächen verdampft.The molded part is embedded in glowing aluminum oxide powder, which is perfectly wetted by the plasticizing wax. At temperatures between At 180 and 200 ° C, the wax is absorbed by the oxide powder for a few hours and evaporates over large areas.
In manchen Fällen wird 0,5% des Plastifizierungs-Wachses im Formteil belassen, damit letzterer die nötige mechanische Festigkeit für das Sintern behält.In some cases, 0.5% of the plasticizing wax is in the molded part leave so that the latter retains the necessary mechanical strength for sintering.
Für manche dünnwandige Hohlkörper, wie z. B. für Katodenkörper, wird eine poröse Abstützform aus Aluminiumoxid hergestellt, der Gegenstand in derselben untergebracht und mit Oxidpulver ausgestopft. Das entwachste Formteil wird im Oxidpulver auch vorgesintert. Bei hochschmelzenden Metallen, wie Wolfram, wird die Vorsinterung zweckmäßigerweise bis auf 1600° C in nassem Wasserstoff vorgenommen und das Formteil dann abgekühlt. Der vorgesinterte Gegenstand wird aus dem Pulver herausgenommen und gereinigt, wobei er bereits über eine genügende Festigkeit verfügt, so daß die weitere Sinterung in trockenem Wasserstoff, inertem Gas oder Vakuum vorgenommen werden kann.For some thin-walled hollow bodies, such as. B. for cathode body is a porous support form made of aluminum oxide, the object in the same housed and stuffed with oxide powder. The dewaxed molded part is in the oxide powder also pre-sintered. With refractory metals such as tungsten, the pre-sintering expediently made up to 1600 ° C in wet hydrogen and the molded part then cooled. The presintered article is removed from the powder and cleaned, whereby it already has sufficient strength so that the further sintering carried out in dry hydrogen, inert gas or vacuum can be.
Die Sinterbedingungen sind vom Siedepunkt des Wachses und vom Schmelzpunkt des Metallpulvers abhängig. Das Maß der im Laufe der Sinterung auftretenden Schrumpfung stimmt mit dem in der Pulvermetallurgie üblichen überein. Die Schrumpfung kann an Hand eines Probestückes festgestellt werden, wobei die Form derart bemessen werden muß, daß die Toleranz der Sinterteile den Wert von ±0,1% nicht überschreitet. Durch diese Genauigkeit ist es möglich, daß nur bestimmte Flächen nachträglich bearbeitet werden müssen.The sintering conditions are the boiling point of the wax and the melting point of the metal powder. The amount of shrinkage that occurs during sintering corresponds to what is customary in powder metallurgy. The shrinkage can increase Hand of a test piece can be determined, the shape being dimensioned in this way must that the tolerance of the sintered parts does not exceed the value of ± 0.1%. By this accuracy makes it possible for only certain areas to be subsequently processed Need to become.
Das Verfahren macht auch die Verwendung von äußerst feinkörnigen Metallpulvern der Korngröße von 0,5 #tm möglich, in welchem Falle der flüssige Plastifizierungswachs unter der Wirkung des hydrostatischen Druckes die einzelnen Metallteilchen dicht vereint und kolloidale Eigenschaften auftreten. Diese Erscheinung kann dadurch wahrgenommen werden, daß die für die Erzielung gleich guter Festigkeitswerte erforderliche Sintertemperatur um 50 bis 100 grd niedriger sein kann.The process also makes the use of extremely fine-grained metal powders The grain size of 0.5 μm is possible, in which case the liquid plasticizing wax under the effect of hydrostatic pressure, the individual metal particles become tight united and colloidal properties occur. This phenomenon can be perceived through it that the sintering temperature required to achieve equally good strength values can be 50 to 100 degrees lower.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2567765 | 1965-06-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1533035B1 true DE1533035B1 (en) | 1971-04-01 |
Family
ID=27764121
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19661533035 Withdrawn DE1533035B1 (en) | 1965-06-17 | 1966-06-15 | PROCESS FOR POWDER METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION OF SINTER PARTS MADE OF METAL AND OR METAL OXIDE POWDER USING CAST PASTE |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE1533035B1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2504425A1 (en) * | 1981-04-23 | 1982-10-29 | Asulab Sa | Sintered metal parts prodn. - by pressing mixt. of metal powder and binder in die contg. holes, so binder is forced through holes to leave metal compact which is sintered |
| EP0294596A3 (en) * | 1987-06-12 | 1989-12-27 | Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha | Mold for slip casting |
| EP0404159A1 (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1990-12-27 | Nkk Corporation | Method of casting powder |
| WO1997034720A1 (en) * | 1996-03-16 | 1997-09-25 | Widia Gmbh | Composite material and process for the preparation thereof |
| DE19703175A1 (en) * | 1997-01-29 | 1998-08-06 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Ceramic or powder metallurgical component with helical external contour |
| DE19703176A1 (en) * | 1997-01-29 | 1998-08-06 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Ceramic or powder metallurgical component production |
| WO1999011584A1 (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-03-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method for producing components from powders |
| CN109279877A (en) * | 2018-10-13 | 2019-01-29 | 娄底市安地亚斯电子陶瓷有限公司 | Vacuum sealing DC relay ceramic shell hot die-casting molding new process |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2902363A (en) * | 1956-04-17 | 1959-09-01 | Farrel Birmingham Co Inc | Method of treating powdered metal |
| US2928733A (en) * | 1957-06-21 | 1960-03-15 | Purolator Products Inc | Sintering of metal elements |
-
1966
- 1966-06-15 DE DE19661533035 patent/DE1533035B1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2902363A (en) * | 1956-04-17 | 1959-09-01 | Farrel Birmingham Co Inc | Method of treating powdered metal |
| US2928733A (en) * | 1957-06-21 | 1960-03-15 | Purolator Products Inc | Sintering of metal elements |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2504425A1 (en) * | 1981-04-23 | 1982-10-29 | Asulab Sa | Sintered metal parts prodn. - by pressing mixt. of metal powder and binder in die contg. holes, so binder is forced through holes to leave metal compact which is sintered |
| EP0294596A3 (en) * | 1987-06-12 | 1989-12-27 | Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha | Mold for slip casting |
| EP0404159A1 (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1990-12-27 | Nkk Corporation | Method of casting powder |
| WO1997034720A1 (en) * | 1996-03-16 | 1997-09-25 | Widia Gmbh | Composite material and process for the preparation thereof |
| DE19703175A1 (en) * | 1997-01-29 | 1998-08-06 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Ceramic or powder metallurgical component with helical external contour |
| DE19703176A1 (en) * | 1997-01-29 | 1998-08-06 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Ceramic or powder metallurgical component production |
| DE19703175C2 (en) * | 1997-01-29 | 2003-02-06 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Process for the production of ceramic or powder metallurgical components with a helical outer contour |
| DE19703176C2 (en) * | 1997-01-29 | 2003-02-06 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Process for the production of ceramic or powder metallurgical components |
| WO1999011584A1 (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-03-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method for producing components from powders |
| CN109279877A (en) * | 2018-10-13 | 2019-01-29 | 娄底市安地亚斯电子陶瓷有限公司 | Vacuum sealing DC relay ceramic shell hot die-casting molding new process |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 | ||
| EHJ | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |