DE1526078A1 - Waste incineration plant - Google Patents

Description

Essen, September 23, 1966 N 4153 / W Vo./Sch.

Koppers-Wistra-Ofenbau limited liability company, Düsseldorf-Heerdt, Wiesenstrasse 134

Waste incineration plant

The invention relates to a waste incineration plant with a boiler for utilizing the heat.

The design of a waste incineration plant must take into account that the waste ice igt in homogeneous fuel, but from different components with different combustion properties consists. On the one hand contains; the garbage components aiit a lot of moisture, which are pre-dried for incineration .lüsseri, on the other hand it contains components that are particularly sch./er / are burnable and therefore take a particularly long time to burn out. With the usual waste incineration plants? With mechanically moved grids, the rubbish moves under the influence of the load movement and the rust tendency continuously from the start of the grate to End of rust. At the Eo3tarrfang the garbage has to be dried under the supply of heat v / earth, with the easily combustible parts already igniting. on The main part of the garbage burns in the middle of the grate, whereby most of the generated heat is released in the form of hot flue gases. On the end of the grate there are only incombustible components and those that are particularly difficult to burn when they are burned only a little heat is released, and partly for the full Burnout require additional heat supply.

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In addition, the hard-to-burn ones on the grate end Components only distributed in places and unevenly are present between the slags. If you lead this leftover heavy-fuel component sufficiently Air to burn out, that inevitably becomes the I-.ostos conveys a corresponding amount of air through the sections, on which nothing burns; rneiu- is located. This results in a high luLtuberuehu £ on the grate end, which lowers the local temperatures.

From these circumstances, vicii. dis! iotwon-igkeiv to feed both the start of the grate and the end of the grate V / arm: A: .i the start of the grate must first be a lot of moisture; the garbage contained in it must be pre-dried; At the end of the remainder, the special and prohibitive garbage components must be reheated to completely extinguish the fire. Pre-drying and heating are pushed in the most effective and easiest way through the hot fire gases themselves, which are released in the middle of the grate.

It is known that these requirements can be met by the design of the furnace. So systems are built in which the exhaust of the flue gases over there.;: Rootanfang lies / jt. Diet; -? work according to the Oegenstro ^ principle, since the garbage travels in one direction and the lleizgaae xn in the opposite direction sweep over it. Here, the pre-drying is intensive at the beginning of the R03, while the heating at the end of the grate remains or is absent.

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Plants are now being built in which the flue gases are vented above the end of the grate and are therefore based on the principle of direct current work. Here, the tile help on the Rust ends intensively, while the pre-drying of the fresh waste remains incomplete or absent.

After all, it is known to use the yuer- or to provide a cross-flow system in which the entry into the radiation part of the boiler is approximately above the center of the grate. The pre-drying of the hairdressing waste3 and the reheating of the particularly difficult to burn components on the end of the grate due to the radiation in the cross flow essentially from the Fire gases rising from the rust agent section is only imperfect, especially in the case of a relatively low calorific value Garbage with lots of moist and lots of hard-to-burn components.

All 3 types according to the opposite, de ::. The GIa * ch or de.x Kiau :: - current principle can be implemented in such a way, among other things; 3 The garbage bed radiates directly into the boiler, so that a so-called cooled combustion chamber is created. Also can do. the upper and side boundary walls of the combustion chamber must be tubed. This cooled T-rennkaraner is not unfavorable for Küll with a high calorific value. Because of the risk of contamination of the boiler, the flue gases must not exceed the temperature given by the fly ash softening point when entering aeü L'es sä.

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stride. Otherwise, this temperature limit is set at higher waste heating values by increasing the excess air or obtained through a corresponding flue gas recirculation; in the case of the cooled combustion chamber, however, also through the direct, smoke-free radiation exchange between the burning garbage bed and the boiler. True, the effect is chilled Combustion chamber in waste incineration plants only relatively goring, because the fire bed temperature and the temperatures are very different locally with the uneven nature of the garbage because of the very strongly fluctuating slag softening point in the case of waste, none at the relatively hot spots either may assume high value. Since the radiation exchange increases with the 4th power of the absolute temperature, is as a result the lower temperature the direct radiation exchange of the cooled Brennkararaer compared to coal-fired and similar with refuse firing only of minor influence. At least it can at high Ilüllheizwerte the excess air or the amount of raw gas recirculated slightly less grounding, which also reduces the size of the boiler, the filter, the induced draft and the chimney with the same maximum Keoselleiotung v / ground somewhat reduced can.

V. 'Further it is known that in essence in the middle part of the liO3tes resulting Peuerga3e zura part ira Ge ^ / -'.'- itroin, partly in direct current and then with the help of special channels in front of the entry into the radiator 11 of the boiler

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to bring the plant back together. In this system with the so-called double exhaust gas path, both a good pre-drying is achieved the fresh filling through the fire gases as well as a good overheating of the particularly hard-to-burn components scored on the grate end. It should also be noted with waste incineration plants that the abandoned garbage by no means is homogeneous, and it therefore happens that the garbage is extremely easily combustible and has a high calorific value at one point is, while in another batch it is difficult to burn and has a low calorific value. In addition, the air passage is duich the fuel bed as a result of the changing nature of the waste very different. As a result, the smoke generation is also very different locally, with streaks form, the temperature of which is far above the average value of the purification gases. There are also strands that make you look very show a high excess of air, while other strands show a lack of air and unburned gases.

The caking and corrosion on superheater and boiler heating surfaces, that have recently been observed in waste-fired boiler systems are rightly so with these strands of Overheated exhaust gases as well as with high burns on the boiler or Superheater heating surfaces associated. These difficulties have been proven to be avoided in the syntem with a double exhaust path, wao can be explained by the fact that in this case the fire gases in the exhaust paths are mixed turbulently, causing the afterburning occur at this harmless point and the streak formation is balanced out by mixing.

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In summary, it can be stated that the combustion system with a double flue gas path (combination of countercurrent and cocurrent) ensures good pre-drying of the fresh waste as well as intensive heating of the particularly hard-to-burn components on de.vx Eo: 3tende, thus ensuring the dangerous caking and corrosion caused by the formation of streaks prevented, while the systems with a cooled combustion chamber at high heating values offer various advantages with regard to the three components of boiler, filter and cable.

It should be noted that the garbage heats up from year to year will. More lightly combustible and heatable Garbage occurs the problems of good voi-drying and iischheisunij of garbage compared to ener good './ärmeausnutziu.g return. 7Js is also ni'uit unthinkable that the garbage is with you changing lifestyle habits become less different, so that the combustion in the fuel bed is more even and thus the dangerous streak formation is avoided.

The previously known combustion systems have the '!.' Disadvantage, that either the principle of the double exhaust gas path or that of the cooled combustion chamber is realized. At Beibe: = iltung der Advantages of the double exhaust gas path, it is not possible with ien known designs to switch the system to a *. Operation with refrigerated To move the combustion chamber: as soon as this is advantageous., Are, i.e. as soon as the garbage has consistently become quite high calorific value and, above all, homogeneous in texture.

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To avoid this part of the roof, a waste incineration system with mechanical grates is proposed, with an entry into the radiation part of the boiler located above the roDt system, which is characterized in that a fire bridge is arranged within the grate system, which leads from the combustion chamber Kw « · '. Separates flue gas paths to the boiler inlet, one of which begins above the start of the grate or the fuel distributor, the other begins above the end of the grate or slag shaft, and the combustion chamber is designed so that the heat radiation of the burning fire bed on the boiler heir.flachen through the im Combustion chamber arranged fire bridge is hindered or prevented.

Such a system offers the advantage that it is Occurring garbage European settlements operated with a double exhaust path can be achieved, while in the presence of a consistently very hcisv. 'reach \: nd above all homogeneous !! UlIr the bei3pielrv; oi. c Peucrbrückc, executed as a vault of foucr-proof material, was removed become karr: whereby a system with a cooled Brermkauimer arises.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the combustion chamber of the system according to the invention is designed so that after the fire bridge is opened, a combustion chamber is created in which the YMIl and flue gases are essentially countercurrent or a ^ r iiu Ultichstrom or move in a circular current to each other.With these design possibilities of the Brennkanuc-r the system can be adapted to the prevailing conditions.

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The Pig. 1 and 2 show two embodiments of the invention Waste incineration plant, where the same parts are provided with the same reference numbers.

Waste incineration plants are shown in principle with waste feed chaclit 1, grate system 2 of any construction, Radiation boiler 3, fire bridge 4 above the grate system, with flue gas duct 5 above the start of the grate and above the end of the grate lying flue gas duct 6. 7 denotes a throttle slide with which the relationship is clearly defined of the two flue gas flows can be adjusted.

In order to further intensify the effect as a cooled combustion chamber, it is also proposed that the ceilings 8 and 9 also be used To provide pipes that can be connected to the boiler. In the same way, the side walls above the Roat system are tubed. These tubed surfaces can also be clad and insulated with refractory material. You can au: h are only exposed when the waste heating values have risen continuously to such values that the operation with such cooled combustion chamber is expedient.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the fire bridge or portions thereof are designed to be movable so that by moving or pivoting the fire bridge of a channel '- narrowed or expanded v / ill, the other thereby extended in opposite directions or may be narrowed. By moving this

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• or pivoting the fire bridge can distribute the amount of smoke gas to the ducts according to the respective requirements be adjusted.

Ir. A further embodiment of the invention is proposed that the fire bridge or parts thereof are made movable and can be moved out of the combustion chamber. With this version it is possible to use the system short-term from the combustion system with double exhaust gas path on a combustion chamber with a strongly cooled combustion chamber to switch and vice versa.

The same can also be achieved in that the fire bridge or parts thereof against the boundary walls the furnace chamber can be swiveled or folded so that the effect of the fire bridge is canceled.

Finally, it is also proposed to make part of the fire bridge so that it can be moved over the fixed part of the fire bridge can be driven. This reduces the effect of the fire bridge and the Increased cooling of the combustion chamber.

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Claims (7)

- ίο - EsBen, September 23, 1966 IT 4153 / W Vo. /NS. Pat uninspired Waste incineration plant with aechanischeu grate, lait Entrance into the x lying above the Eostanlage Radiation part of the boiler, characterized in that that a fire bridge is arranged within the combustion rauia above the Eostanlage, which of Combustion chamber av / ei flue gas ducts to. Kesneleir: - steps down, one of which is above the beginning of the Eoat or the fuel distributor begins and the others above the Eostendee bsw, SehlackenschaoLtes begins, the combustion chamber is designed so that the heat radiation of the burning fire bed on the boiler heating surfaces through the combustion chamber arranged fire bridge is hindered or prevented. 2.) Incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that after removal of the fire bridge a combustion chamber arise, Eaucngase and waste substantially iia countercurrent moving in the other. 3.) Waste incineration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that that after removing the fire bridge, a combustion chamber is created in which flue gases and garbage move essentially in direct current to one another. 909887/1) 536 4.) Waste incineration plant according to claim 1, characterized by » draws that after removing the Peuerbrücke a combustion chamber is created, in which smoke gases and shell are essentially move in a cross flow to each other. 5.) Waste incineration plant according to the preceding claims, ' characterized in that the Doukenpartieu and the j Sidon walls of the combustion chambers completely or partially with ι Pipes are provided, which are also coated with refractory material i can dress or be isolated. 6.) Waste incineration plant according to the voi-her ^ ehende *: Claims, characterized in that the .Feuerbrücke- your! Parts of the same ^ eWe ₁ Jlich are executed, so there.? by. Move, or pivot, the fire bridge the one? Flue gas duct; is narrowed or expanded, whereby the other can also be expanded or narrowed in opposite senses, wt-iarch the difference division of the flue gas passes between the two r.auciigs.?ducts Requires 3 to be adjusted l: ann. 7.) Hüllverbrennunssanlage according to the preceding claims, because of the fact that the pcuer bridge or part of it? the same are designed to be movable and out of the combustion chamber can be proceeded. - 12 - ■ BATH 909887/0536 3.) Waste incineration plant according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the fire bridge or parts thereof can be swiveled against the boundary walls of the furnace chamber in such a way that the effect of the fire bridge is canceled will. 3) waste incinerator according to the previous claims, characterized in that a part of .Feuerbrücke is made displaceable so that it can be driven over d, en fixed part of the fire bridge. Blank page