DE1436327B - Multi-substance filter and process for its production - Google Patents

Description

1 2

The invention relates to a multi-substance filter no vibrations occur in the flow, these can

and a method of making such a filter up to 300 parts per million pulp

Filters for quick effective filtering can also be used satisfactorily. If, however

of heavily polluted raw water, sewage, the flow rates are higher (about 181 per liter

and other liquids through a in the direction of 5 1000 cm ² ) and if there is no change in flow j

of the filter passage continuously changing or no fluid vibrations, the \

Mixture of filter material particles of different substances - extreme upper limit in the vicinity of 100 parts>

type, weight and grain size. per million in the cloud. In contrast: i

From the well-known, fast-flowing filters can be compared to river and outflow |

contain the most common turbidity conditions reaching a filter bed ίο, the filters: I.

made of a uniform material, preferably sand of the first class made of a uniform material, si

or anthracite with a grain size of 0.3 to 0.8 mm; either sand or coal, are not produced

however, such single-fluid filters are known to operate in excess of approximately 25 to 50 parts per million

only at a very low degree of turbidity of the turbidity to be filtered at 18 liters per minute

fluids filtering satisfactorily. 15 process 1000 cm ² .

In order to increase the filtration efficiency, if the degree of turbidity used was significant

The so-called “immedium” filter with several can be increased by none, becomes a matter of course

Separating trays separate layers can be achieved by a significant 'economic advantage

Filter material particles of the same type of material as sand, anthradene. It will then be possible, with already existing

Cit or pyrite, however, in the direction of the filter through 20 systems to increase the flow. Besides that

gangs continuously, z. B. from 15 to 0.2 mm, this will have the advantage that the working

increasing grain size, developed; A mixing procedure can be improved without a container

the different particles takes place when re-installing in new systems. Since the

flushing does not take place, flocculation and the system costs are greater

Also for the purpose of representing a larger proportion of the costs of a filter system, can be managed and the filter passage to increase the total costs through the application better, two- or multi-substance filters are used. Filters can be reduced considerably,
different composition and design. Two-substance The aim of the present invention is the sheep filters are preferably made of sand and anthracite fungus a multi-substance filter, which compared to in the same filter bed. 3 ° the well-known filters liquids with higher

Two-layer filters are also known, the degree of turbidity of which can filter a certain degree of opacity.

Layers through a sieve bottom, increased flow rate from one another and a longer operating time

separates, from two different types of material one in enables, relatively insensitive to

The direction of the filter passage is of different rapid flow changes as well as smaller dimensions

Has a weight of approximately the same grain size and works more economically,

stand, namely each from a layer of lava gravel. These goals are thereby achieved according to the invention

(Weight 2.2; grain size 0.5 to 3.0) and polystyrene achieved that in one with respect to weight

(Weight 0.9; grain size 1 to 2). at least three different types of fabric together

A multilayer filter is also known (USA.-set particle mixture serving as a filter bed Patent Specification 293 745), which does not have any dividing trays continuously in the direction of the filter passage and from layers of particles different from the average grain size of the particles of substance types one takes in the direction of the filter passage, the weight of which increases on the other hand. The new increasing weight, z. B. from each one carefully multiple filter is particularly gekennfull thereby Layered layer of particles draws that in the particle mixture the particles one high specific gravity such as fine barite (4.0 to 4.865), each with a different specific gravity Larger weights such as sand (1.4 to 1.8) or quartz (some kind of material have a certain grain size by adding 2.65) and lower specific gravity such as coke meal (1.0). the latter is inversely proportional to the weights, Nonetheless, here - as with the "immedium" filter - the particle separating trays in the direction of the filter passage absent,. found in the backwashing number of higher specific gravity increases, the number of particles in the lower case no mixing of the layer components 50 of lower specific gravity, on the other hand, decreases continuously. The Kornstatt, size of the particles present in the filter material mixture

All previously known multi-substance filters are preferably between about 0.15 and 2.0 mm, or multi-layer filters are thus, as explained, the largest particles being essentially not built in such a way that, due to backwashing, they are differently larger than 10 US sieve size units ,
Such filter material particles - although they partly have 55 Further details of the invention in addition to different specific gravity also have a different following grain size, based on a drawing - are not mixed with one another:

can be, so that in this way no further F i g. 1 shows a graph of certain

Features of the invention, and increases in filtration efficiency

can. 60 F i g. 2 illustrates a schematic view

Tests have shown that even the multi-substance filters known to date with a typical device according to the invention, with regard to their performance. The extreme degree of opacity, the number of material parts of the most varied of enemies, depends on the desired degree of opacity, so far a lot of care flow rate has been used, the length of the filter and 65 folds used on it, the layers in certain depending on the independence of the flux pumps . Maintain sizes and avoid mixing of the different layers if the flow rates are rather low. This requirement (7.5 1 to 1000 cm ² ) and short filters are sufficient, which is in exact contrast to the structure of the

Exercise level of 140 standard units and was treated with 35 units per million alum and 0.5 units per million of a polymer of acrylamide with declining isolable amide groups and passed through the filters at a flow rate of 17 l / min to 1000 cm ² . The charcoal and the sand filter broke through after 6 hours (the contaminated water exceeded 0.4 standard units ^{) when the filtering was carried out at 18 l / min, on 1000 cm 2.} The filter of Example I operated under the same conditions for 11 hours before the dirty water passing through exceeded 0.4 standard units.

Another experiment was carried out with raw water at a turbidity of 330 parts per million. The sand-carbon filter gave a duration of 2 _^5/6 hours, the filter of Example I for a period of 5 hours before the turbidity reached 0.4 standard units. In this example, the raw water was enriched with 50 parts per million alum and 1.0 parts per million of the aforementioned polymer, the water again being ^{passed through at 180 l / min, on 1000 cm 2,}

Another experiment was carried out with the filter of Example I with raw water, which had a turbidity of 630 parts per million. With this, the test was carried out for 3 hours before the turbidity collapsed. The alum addition in this case was 70 parts per million, the polymer addition was 1.0, and the amount of liquid was 18 l / min, per 1000 cm ² .

Table II

150 cm money garnet graphite 150 cm stone rock Top layer 150 cm 92 3 5 next shift 150 cm 88 5 7th next shift 150 cm 37 12th 51 next shift 2 43 55 next shift 1 42 57

This filter was tested simultaneously with a sand filter which showed a composition of 77 cm of -10 +40 mesh muscanite sand with a carbon sand filter, as described in Example 1. The raw water turbidity was 150 standard units, the alum addition 35 parts per million, the above-mentioned polymer addition 0.4 parts per million and the amount of liquid 18 l / min, per 1000 cm ² for all filters. The sand filter was running for 2 hours when the brain leakage reached 20 cm of mercury. After 3 ¹ Z ₂ hours, the river was going through the sand filter to a complete standstill because the filtrate was completely clouded. The sand-carbon filter ran for 6V for ₂ hours when the 0.4 standard unit turbidity in the liquid was observed. Meanwhile, the inventive filter HV ran for ₄ hours and still produced good water with a loss of 17.3 cm of mercury * column, after which time the experiment was terminated.

Example 3 Example 2

A filter as shown in FIG. 2, was made by using the following proportions of material were mixed in percent by weight:

a) 21% garnet stone with a density of 4.5 and a size of -40 +30.

b) 35% lumpy graphite rock with a density of 2.45 and a size of -20 +50.

^c ) 44% anthracite charcoal with a density of 1.55 and a size of -10 +20.

The total height of the filter material was 77 cm. After the above-mentioned constituents had been added to the mass of the filter, backwashing was carried out at 55 l / min, to 1000 cm ² , until it could be observed that an essentially constant orientation of the particles had been achieved. The particle distribution, expressed in percent by weight, was approximately that given in Table II.

40

45 Another filter was added with the following Composition tested: j

a) 7.8% garnet stone with a density of 4.5] and a size of -40 +50. !

b) 6.1% magnetic iron ore with a density of 5.1 | and a size of -40 +70.

c) 8.2% titanium iron ore with a density of 4.7 and a size of -40 +70.

d) 29.3% tabular clay with a density of 3.8 and a size of -50 +70.

e) 18.6% silicon sand with a density of 2.6 \ and a size of -40 +50. *

f) 30.0% anthracite charcoal with a density of! 1.55 and a size of -40 +20. '

The total height of the filter material was 77 cm. ; ^{The filter material was again washed back to 1000 cm 2} at a flow rate of 55 l / min, and then the analysis showed a particle distribution as shown for example in Table III.

Table III

money Garnet stone Silica aluminum Elmenite Magnezite Top layer 150 cm 83 1 9 7th 0 0 next layer 150 cm 57 5 22nd 16 0 0 next layer 150 cm 20th 10 45 25th 0 0 next layer 150 cm 3 9 23 65 0 0 next layer 150 cm 2 8th 4th 46 20th 20th next layer 150 cm 0 20th 0 4th 50 26th

inventive filter, which provides that the different substances are mixed with one another. However, this mixture is not uniform, which would in fact be undesirable, but rather the mixture is held so that the bed has an increasing number of particles per unit volume in the direction of the filter flow. This gradation of the particles is extremely easily achieved by that the particles of filter material which are to form the bed of the container with regard to their size and their specific gravity can be selected, followed by a rewash in bed occurs until the distribution of the particles has reached a substantially constant orientation. If the separate particles for example from relatively large material particles with relatively smaller Specific density consist, further from relatively small material particles of relatively high specific gravity and particles of medium size with a medium specific gravity, the filter bed becomes a relatively large number of on its surface after rewashing entrain large particles, a smaller number of medium-sized particles, and an even smaller number Number of small particles. In an intermediate part of the bed, the middle particles will predominate, and the larger and smaller particles will be in fewer numbers, though the number of the small particles would be larger than at the top. The smaller ones would be at the foot of the filter Particles predominate in number, whereas there are fewer of the medium-sized particles would and even less from the large parts. In a graph is the distribution of the particles shown approximately (see Fig. 1).

It will immediately appear as an advantage that the precise particle distribution in any specific example of the specific gravity, the particle size, the shape of the particles and the intensity the return flow depends.

The invention is used with particular advantage in materials with a fine particle size brought with the preferred particle size between about -10 and +100 US particle sizes with consists of at least some particles ranging in size from -40 to +100 units. As before has been mentioned, particles of three different specific gravity are required, and in each filter should have a minimum of 5% of each material component.

As an example of a material which is used as a filter material in the filter according to the invention consists of the following:

Magnetic iron stone

a natural black iron mineral, which can usually be expressed by the formula Fe ₃ O ₄ and is widely available.

Iron titanium

a naturally black mineral, commonly expressed by the formula FeO · TiO ₂ , and widely available.

jranatstein

a complex silicate mineral with the following approximate analysis:

Hardness (Mohr's scale) 7.4 to 7.8

specific gravity 4.5

Iron oxide 24%

Manganese oxide 11%

Aluminum oxide 15%

Silicon dioxide 36%

Magnesium oxide 3%

Tabular aluminum

Alumina obtained in the hot process, widely available.

Graphite rock

a graphite-containing silica, as it comes unpurified and for example under the trade name "Graphilter" on the market.

Silica sand

* 5 the sand, which is for the purpose of filtering of water is used extensively.

Anthracite charcoal

the coal, which is also widely used for filtering water.

Example I.

The filter material 12 is placed in a container 10 as shown in FIG. 2 is illustrated. the The container is equipped with a supply line 14 through which the raw, unpurified water is supplied can be, as well as an outflow line 16 through 'which the filtered water can drain. the Lines 18, 20 are also provided in order to be able to carry out backwashing.

The filter material showed the following composition in percent by weight:

a) 19.3% garnet stone with a density of 4.5 and a size of -40 to +80 in US sieve size units.

b) 21.0% graphite rock with a density of 2.45 and a size from -20 to +50 in US sieve size units.

c) 59.7% anthracite charcoal with a density of 1.55 and a size of -10 to +20 US sieve size units.

The total height of the filter material was 92 cm.

In the case of 55 l / min, on 1000 cm ²

Backwashing, the filter materials are mixed and layered approximately as shown in Table I is illustrated, for which the percentages by weight are given below.

Table I.

150 cm money garnet Graphite-' 150 cm stone rock Top layer 150 cm 95 3 2 next shift 150 cm 92 5 3 next shift 150 cm 88 8th 4th next shift 150 cm 78 14th δ next shift 5 35 60 next shift 1 49 50

The filter of this example was tested in parallel with a carbon and sand filter tested with a composition of a 64 cm thick layer with -10 +20 mesh units Coal and a 15 cm thick layer of -30 +40 mesh units of sand. The water showed a cloud

This filter showed an excellent ability to cope with the haze without breakthrough. Meanwhile, the cross-sectional through loss was relatively high. The filter ran for 9V for ₂ hours with raw water at 150 standard raw turbidity units. The filtrate output was 0.1 unit even with a loss of 41 cm of mercury at the end of the experiment.

Example 4

Yet another filter was made with the following addition, expressed in percent by weight:

a) 60 ⁰ I ₀ nylon with a density of 0.99 and a size of -10 +20.

b) 20% polyethylene with a density of 0.94 and a size of -30 +50.

c) 20% polyethylene with a density of 0.92 and a size of -30 +50.

20th

This filter was used as an upwardly flowing filter in a manner known per se.

The materials were mixed and then layered following the backwash (which was of course downward) to make a bed with a bottom, preferably "nylon", followed by a mixture of "nylon" and polyethylene. Suppose the two densities of polyethylene were to be mixed together to some extent, but this was not completed. The filter was operated with a throughput of 18 l / min, on 1000 cm ² , the flow being directed upwards through the filter material. The raw water turbidity was 150 standard units, the alum was added at 35 parts per million and the polymer mentioned in amounts of 0.5 units per million. The turbidity of the filtrate was then less than a standard unit (this is the extreme limit that can be measured with the available apparatus). The filter was run for 2 hours with a loss increase of less than 1.25 cm of mercury at which time the experiment was terminated.

reduced to zero and then accelerated to 3.6 l / min, to 1000 cm ² , whereupon it was lowered to 1.7 l / min, to 1000 cm ² , which in all cases took place within one minute. The results are tabulated in Table IV.

Table IV
Traveling wave experiment

45

time in
Minutes, Filtrate Turbidity - Standard Units Sand-
Charcoal filter invention
more appropriate
filter which the
Traveling wave
follows Sand filter 0.11 0.09 0 0.11 10+ 0.35 1 10+ after after scale scale 10+ 0.30 2 10+ 10+ 0.20 3 10+ 10+ 0.15 4th 10+ 10+ 0.10 10 10+

Example 5

The filters according to the invention also withstand frequent and rapid changes in the amount of filter far better than any known filter. To the "wave resistance" of the filter according to the invention with conventional To compare filters, simultaneous tests were carried out using a sand filter, which has a composition of 77 cm of sand with an effective size of 0.44 mm, a coal-sand filter with 61.6 cm coal with a size of -10 +20 and 15 cm sand with a size of -30 +4.0, with an inventive Filter with., · A total height of 77 cm was used for comparison, which 30% garnet stone with a size of -50 +70, 63% coal with a size of -10 +20 and 7% Contained graphite rock with a size of -20 +50.

All of these filters were subjected to exactly the same treatment. The water opacity was 135 standard units, the claim additive 35 parts per million, the mentioned polymer additive 0.8 units per million and the filters were tested for 3% hours at 17 l / min, on 1000 cm ² . It can be seen from Table IV that the sand filter and the carbon-sand filter could not withstand this heavy use. The turbidity of the filtrate is 10 standard units above the scale. In contrast, the filter device according to the invention showed a slight increase in turbidity at times (from 0.09 to 0.35 units) and then returned to normal turbidity within 10 minutes.

Example 6

Another series of tests was carried out to compare the wave resistance of a filter according to the invention, as described in Example 2, with a sand filter which had a composition of 62 cm coal with a grain size of -20 +20 and a 17 cm thick layer of sand with a size of -30 +40 showed. Both filters were treated in exactly the same way. The alum addition was 35 parts per million, the noted polymer addition was 0.4 parts per million, and the raw water turbidity was 150 standard units. After the filtering had been carried out for 9% hours at 18 l / min, on 1000 cm ² , the water to be filtered was made to vibrate as described in Example 5. The results are summarized in Table V.

Table V
Fluid movement experiment

Time in minutes,
which the Turbidity of the liquid in the filtrate according to the invention Liquid Sand- filter follow movement Charcoal filter 0.10 0 2.1 0.40 1 10+ 0.30 2 10+ 0.20 3 10+ 0.20 4th 10+ 0.10 10 10+

009 549/324

The sand-carbon filter is just before the liquid moves has been flowed through for over 3 hours with cloudy water, whereas that of the invention Filter of clean water has been passed through. Following the wave movement, the cloudiness of the sand-charcoal filter filtrate was increased the scale increased beyond 10 standard units. The turbidity of the filtrate in the case of the invention Filter rose slightly (from 0.10 to 0.40) and then returned to normal turbidity after 10 minutes back.

The ability of the filter according to the invention such liquid movement without an increase in Surviving the turbidity of the filtrate has significant value because in most plants Liquid flows of this type occur and, with conventional filters, undoubtedly less Water quality is generated. The advantages of the filter according to the invention expressed in the improvement the water quality is very obvious.

Example 7

A filter having the following composition was prepared: 16% with -40 +100 garnet Masehen, 21 ° / ₀ graphite rock with -20 +50 mesh and 63% carbon with -10 +20 mesh, wherein the total height of material was cm 152nd After reflux to ensure the desired particle distribution in the water with a turbidity of 1100 parts per million, the liquid was passed through the bed at a flow rate of 18 l / min, to 1000 cm ² , after 90 parts per million alum and 0.5 Parts per million of the aforesaid polymer compound were added. The experiment was continued for 4 hours before the turbidity collapsed, at which time the loss was 38.5 cm of mercury. This experiment demonstrated the ability of the filter to process water with a high degree of turbidity.

US standard sieve size units

45

US mesh count Mesh count Open mesh per inch per cm ² width in mm 5 4000 10 2000 14th 1410 18th 36 1000 20th 0840 30th 0590 35 144 0500 40 0420 50 0297 60 576 0250 70 0210 80 0177 100 0149

55

60

Claims (7)

Patent claims: 1. Multi-substance filter for liquids with a filter bed made of filter material particles stored without separating floors different types of material, weight and grain size, characterized that in a material composed of at least three different types of material in terms of weight, serving as a filter bed particle mixture in the direction of the filter passage continuously the average grain size the particle decreases, but its weight increases. 2. Filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the particles in the particle mixture each type of material, which has a different specific gravity, has a certain grain size in that the latter is inversely proportional to the weights, in the direction of the filter passage the number of particles of higher specific gravity increases, whereas the number of particles of lower specific gravity increases continuously decreases. 3. Filter according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the particles have a grain size from about 0.15 to 2.0 mm. 4. Filter according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the particle mixture a) as particles of the highest density garnet stone with a grain size of about 0.15 to 0.4 mm, b) Anthracite as particles of the lowest weight with a grain size of about 0.84 and 2.0 mm and c) as particles of average weight graphite rock with a grain size of about 0.3 to 0.84 mm serve. 5. Filter according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that at a bed height of 62 cm the particle mixture of about 7 to 30 percent by weight garnet stone,
7 to 35 weight percent graphite rock and 30 to 65 weight percent anthracite
consists. 6. Filter according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that at a bed height of 150 cm the particle mixture of about 16 weight percent garnet stone,
21 weight percent graphite rock and
63 percent by weight anthracite
consists. 7. A method for producing a multi-component filter according to claims 1 to 6, characterized characterized in that in a filter with a vertical filter passage after introducing the Filter particle mixture such a strong, opposite to the intended filter passage Water flow is maintained so long that the particles are in motion have taken a constant position to each other and in the filter housing, whereupon the to be filtered Liquid is passed through in the opposite direction. 1 sheet of drawings