DE1421655A1 - Device for gasifying fine-grain fuels in the fluidized bed - Google Patents
Device for gasifying fine-grain fuels in the fluidized bedInfo
- Publication number
- DE1421655A1 DE1421655A1 DE19621421655 DE1421655A DE1421655A1 DE 1421655 A1 DE1421655 A1 DE 1421655A1 DE 19621421655 DE19621421655 DE 19621421655 DE 1421655 A DE1421655 A DE 1421655A DE 1421655 A1 DE1421655 A1 DE 1421655A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- boiler
- gas
- steam
- heat
- steam generating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
- C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
- C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
- C10J2300/1892—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being water/steam
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Description
Vorrichtung zum Vergasen feinkörniger Brennstoffe in der Wirbelschicht. Es ist bekannt, körnige, insbesondere feinkörnige, Brennstoffe unter gewöhnlichem oder erhöhtem Druck in einer Wirbelschicht zu vergasen, wobei endotherm reagierende Vergasungsmittel in den untersten Teil der Schicht und exotherm reagierende Vergasungsmittel in einem Abstand darüber in die Brennstoff-Füllung eingeführt werden. Die mit dem in der Wirbelschicht erzeugten Gas hochgerissenen Brennstoffteilchen werden in der Zone über der Wirbelschicht durch dort eingeführte Vergasungsmittel nachvergast. Bei dieser Verfahrensweise mußte bisher streng darauf geachtet werden, daß die Vergasungstemperatur nicht zum Sintern bzw. Schmelzen der Vergasungsrückstände führte, da diese infolge Absetzens im Vergasungsweg ein vorzeitiges Abstellen des Generators notwendig machten.Device for gasifying fine-grain fuels in the fluidized bed. It is known to use granular, especially fine-grained, fuels among ordinary or to gasify elevated pressure in a fluidized bed, whereby endothermic reacting Gasifying agents in the lowest part of the layer and exothermic gasifying agents be introduced into the fuel filling at a distance above it. The one with the Fuel particles generated in the fluidized bed are blown up in the gas The zone above the fluidized bed is post-gasified by gasifying agents introduced there. In this procedure, it has hitherto been necessary to ensure that the gasification temperature did not lead to sintering or melting of the gasification residues, as this was the result Sedimentation in the gasification path made it necessary to switch off the generator prematurely.
Man versuchte bereits, diese Schwierigkeiten zu beheben, indem durch Eindüsen von feinverteiltem Wasser in den Kopf des Vergaserschachts die Temperatur des abziehenden Gases gesenkt wurde. Da diese Maßnahme nicht zu dem gewünschten Eif'olg führte, wurde auch schon in der Literatur vorgeschlagen, den oberen Teil des Vergaserschachts als Abhitzekessel auszubilden. Dieser Vorschlag wurde aber in der Praxis nicht verwirklicht, da man befürchtete, daß bei einem Rohrriß der in den Vergaserschacht einetebmende Wasser. inhalt des Abhitzekessels die Temperatur der im Vergaser befindlichen Brennstoffschicht so weit absenkt, daß der in die Brennstoffschicht eintretende Sauerstoff dort nicht mehr umgesetzt wird und dadurch in das Produktionsgas gelangt.Attempts have already been made to remedy these difficulties by Injecting finely divided water into the head of the carburetor shaft the temperature of the withdrawing gas has been lowered. Because this measure is not what you want Eif'olg led, has already been suggested in the literature, the upper part of the gasifier shaft as a waste heat boiler. That suggestion was however not realized in practice because it was feared that the water flowing into the carburetor shaft. content of the waste heat boiler the temperature of the fuel layer in the carburetor lowers so much that the oxygen entering the fuel layer is no longer converted there and thereby gets into the production gas.
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schachtofen zum Vergasen feinkörniger Brennstoffe in der Wirbelschicht unter gewöhnlichem oder' erhöhtem Druck, bei dem in einem Vergaserschacht gekühlte Innenflächen in Form von StrahlungsrohrheizMächen angebracht sind, die als Teile einer Dampferzeugungsanlage ausgebildet sind. Die Einrichtung wassergekühlter Flächen eines Abhitzekessels im Vergaserschacht in Gestalt eines Strahlungsrohrkessels mit geschlossenem Wasserkreislauf und kleinem Wasservolumen schließt .die obengenannten Schwierigkeiten aus.The invention relates to a shaft furnace for gasifying fine-grained Fuels in the fluidized bed under normal or 'increased pressure at which Inner surfaces in the form of radiant tube heating surfaces, cooled in a carburetor shaft are attached, which are designed as parts of a steam generation system. the Establishment of water-cooled surfaces of a waste heat boiler in the gasifier shaft in the form a radiant tube boiler with a closed water circuit and a small water volume excludes the above-mentioned difficulties.
Gegenüber der direkten Abkühlung der Reaktionsteilnehmer durch Einspritzwasser bietet die indirekte Abkühlung durch die Kühlflächen eines Abhitzekessels außerdem den Vorteil besserer Abwärmesuenützung.Compared to the direct cooling of the reaction participants by injection water indirect cooling through the cooling surfaces of a waste heat boiler also offers the advantage of better waste heat recovery.
Vorteilhaft wird man dabei die Oberfläche des iri den Vergaserschacht eingebauten Strahlungsrohrkessels so bemessen, daß die hierdurch erreichte Kühlwirkung nur so groß ist, daß die fühlbare Wärme des erzeugten Gases und seiner Begleitstoffe so weit herabgesenkt wird, daß die Flugasche gerade nicht mehr im oberen Teil des Vergaserschachts und dem nachgesohalteten Gasweg ansintern kann. Eine weitere Maßnahme zur Beeinflussung der Gastemperatur besteht darin, den Strahlungsrohrkessei bei verschiedenen Betriebsdrücken zu betreiben.It is advantageous to use the surface of the carburetor shaft built-in radiant tube boiler so that the cooling effect achieved is only so great that the sensible heat of the gas produced and its accompanying substances is lowered so far that the fly ash is no longer in the upper part of the Can sinter to the carburetor shaft and the gas path afterwards. One Another measure to influence the gas temperature is to use the Strahlungsrohrkessei to operate at different operating pressures.
Da der Strahlungsrohrkessel nur die Aufgabe hat, die Temperatur des erzeugten Gases im oberen Teil des Vergaserschachts $o weit abzusenken, daß keine Ansinterungen mehr auf dem Gasweg ent stehen, ist es zweckmäßig, zur Ausnutzung der restlichen fühlbaren Wärme im Gasweg einen weiteren Abhitzekessel in Form eines Wasserrohrkessels anzubringen.Since the radiant tube boiler only has the task of maintaining the temperature of the generated gas in the upper part of the carburetor shaft $ o to lower that no Sintering occurs more on the gas path, it is useful to use the remaining sensible heat in the gas path is another waste heat boiler in the form of a To attach water tube boiler.
Da dieser Kessel in seiner Wirksamkeit bei Staubablagerungen gemindert wird, wird der Wasserrohrkessel zweckmäßig so gebaut, daß der Gasweg aus zwei parallelen Zügen besteht, die an ihrem unteren Ende durch Stauklappen gedrosselt werden können. Bei Ablagerung von Flugstaub auf den Verdampferrohren wird durch Drosselung der Stauklappe eines Zuges im anderen Zug die Gasgeschwindigkeit erhöht und durch die damit verbundene Schleißwirkung des mitgeführten Staubes eine Säuberung der verschmutzten Rohre herbeigeführt, Der Strahlungsrohrkessel wird zweckmäßig als geschlossner Wasserkreislauf mit Naturwasserumlauf ausgebildet. Die Wärme des erzeugten Dampfes wird über einen Kondensator zur Dampferzeugung nutzbar gemacht, und zwar zweckmäßig durch Verbindung mit dem Wasserrohrkessel. Die Maßnahme, den Stcahlungsrohrkessel als geschlossenen Wasserkreislauf auszubilden, erlaubt es, in diesem Teil der Dampferzeugungsanlage mit einem besonders kleinen Was- servolumen auszukommen. Dies ist insofern notwendig, als bei einem Rohrriß des Strahlungsrohrkessels durch das in den Vergaserschacht hereinströmende Wasser die Temperatur des Generatorinhalte nur geringfügig abgesenkt wird und dabei keine Sauerstoffdurchbrüche zu befürchten sind. Das bei einem Rohrriß in den Vergaser einströmende Wasser soll beim Verdampfen und Erhitzen dem Brennstoffbett nicht mehr als etwa 20 % seiner fühlbaren Wärme entziehen, damit die Reaktionstemperatur für die Umsetzung des Sauerstoffs mit dem Brennstoff nicht unterschritten wird.Since this boiler is reduced in its effectiveness in the case of dust deposits, the water tube boiler is expediently built so that the gas path consists of two parallel trains, which can be throttled at their lower end by baffles. When airborne dust is deposited on the evaporator pipes, the gas velocity is increased by throttling the damper of one train in the other train and the associated abrasive effect of the dust carried along with it causes the dirty pipes to be cleaned. The heat of the generated steam is made usable for steam generation via a condenser, specifically by connecting it to the water-tube boiler. The measure of designing the tubular boiler as a closed water circuit makes it possible to manage with a particularly small volume of water in this part of the steam generation system. This is necessary insofar as the temperature of the contents of the generator is only slightly reduced in the event of a pipe crack in the radiant tube boiler due to the water flowing into the gasifier shaft and no oxygen breakthroughs are to be feared. The water flowing into the gasifier in the event of a crack in the pipe should not withdraw more than about 20% of its sensible heat from the fuel bed during evaporation and heating, so that the reaction temperature for the conversion of the oxygen with the fuel is not fallen below.
Beispiel In der Abbildung ist ein Beispiel für eine Vorrichtung nach d-er Erfindung wiedergegeben. In einem Vergaserschacht (A) mit einem lichten Durchmesser von 3,1 m befinden sich etwa 10 Tonnen glühender Kohle der Körnung 0 bis E mm (B). Diese Kohle wird durch Vergasungsmittel, die durch die Düsen(C 1)ünd die Zeitung (C 2) in den Vergaserschacht eingeblasen werden, in wirbelnder Bewegung gehalten. Das bei der Reaktion entstehende Gas zusammen mit der Flugesche hat vor dem Eintritt (D 1) in die von den Strahlungsrohrheizflächen (E) umgebene Kühlzone des Strahlungsrohrkessels,zu dem der Wassersammelbehälter (G) und der Kondensator (H) gehören, eine Temperatur von 1 OOOOC. Beim Verlassen der Kühlzone (D 2) beträgt die Temperatur noch 880°C. Die weitere Abkühlung erfolgt in dem Wasserrohrabhitzekessel (F) mit Economizer bis auf 135°C am Austritt (D 3). Bei einem Rohrriß des Strahlungerohrkessels verdampft ein großer Teil des in den Generator einströmenden Wassers durch die Entspannung spontan. Selbst wenn man annimmt, daß.der gesamte Wasserinhalt des Strahlrohrkessele, nämlich 700 Liter, in das Brennstoffbett einströmt, würde hierdurch die Temperatur der Wirbelschicht nur um weniger als 200°C gesenkt werden. Example In the figure is shown an example of a device according to the invention. In a gasifier shaft (A) with a clear diameter of 3.1 m there are about 10 tons of glowing coal with a grain size of 0 to E mm (B). This coal is kept in a whirling motion by gasifying agents that are blown into the gasifier shaft through the nozzles (C 1) and the newspaper (C 2). The gas produced during the reaction together with the flight ash has a temperature of 1 before entering (D 1) into the cooling zone of the radiant tube boiler, which includes the water collecting tank (G) and the condenser (H), which is surrounded by the radiant tube heating surfaces (E) OOOOC. When leaving the cooling zone (D 2), the temperature is still 880 ° C. Further cooling takes place in the water tube waste heat boiler (F) with economizer down to 135 ° C at the outlet (D 3). In the event of a pipe crack in the tubular radiation boiler, a large part of the water flowing into the generator evaporates spontaneously as a result of the expansion. Even if one assumes that the entire water content of the radiant tube boiler, namely 700 liters, flows into the fuel bed, the temperature of the fluidized bed would only be reduced by less than 200 ° C.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEB0069731 | 1962-11-24 | ||
| DEB0069731 | 1962-11-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1421655A1 true DE1421655A1 (en) | 1969-01-23 |
| DE1421655C DE1421655C (en) | 1973-01-18 |
Family
ID=
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4349354A (en) * | 1978-01-14 | 1982-09-14 | Davy International Aktiengesellschaft | Furnace for gasifying granular fuels |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4349354A (en) * | 1978-01-14 | 1982-09-14 | Davy International Aktiengesellschaft | Furnace for gasifying granular fuels |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) |