DE1456603A1 - Method and device for keeping a cohesive, comminuted material in a flowing state - Google Patents

Description

The Imperial Tobacco Company (of Great Britain and Ireland) Limited, East Street, Bedrainster, Bristol 3, England

Method and Yorrichtiing to make a cohesive, shredded To keep material flowing.

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus, around a shi-sticking, shredded material in to keep flowing.

A cohesive or coherent material consists for example of a material which tends to stick together, ie of a moist, granular or powdered material and fibrous material in which the fibers tend to stick or stick together. To this

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For example, type of material includes moist, shredded tobacco. Although the invention is not intended to be so limited, it will be described in terms of moist, shredded tobacco. The problem that arises here, such materials in motion BEZW. in flowing condition too. hold consists in that the gas, e.g. steam, simply blows holes through the material and forms separate channels without affecting the rest of the material. .

The purpose of the invention is to keep such comminuted and cohesive material always in motion, so that the gas sweeps all parts of this material and reaches it. This is achieved according to the invention in that the gas passes through the material is pressed and the material is kept in motion mechanically at the same time.

It has been found that mechanical keeping in motion, preferably in the form of constant and regular shaking or vibrating, causes separate :! Prevents channels for the gas, and thus allows, ö-iii there the material in a full running condition h ^:: lt.

In a preferred embodiment, the gas is conducted vertically upwardly through the material, and dV ~>? · ⁺ .Fi-i £ l _{^Ο Ί Γ} 1 ¹ I- ^ ei ^f /.'j v mechanically in a horizontal plane in movement -eset:> tu ^ d be kept. The method kaan be applied UUF a Ge ^ ti-cüirclc it ^ Li, wherein the .material ± ia allge.'ueinvr · perpendicular flows downward n CIE countercurrent to gas.

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! Although the Srfindung can be more generally applied for the extraction of volatile substances from plant material or the frewinnung of solvents from plant material, for example, by steam distillation, it is particularly suitable for separating, nicotine _shredded: fabakj which with a suitable alkali by distilling the Ifikotins has been treated in a® ^ sserdaiipfstrom. Although nicotine can be distilled in ¥ asserda * apf passed over shredded tobacco, far more rapid extraction of the nicotine can be achieved if the water vapor is blown through the shredded tobacco, which is held in a steady "movement""G. -entäß the Srfindung the shredded tobacco can in running or movable condition since ^ - are held by, shaking äa9 he meehaniseh ^ leiehzeitig with üem passage van "steam"'■ ■..

& ^there: i3 Another invention, the Yorrichtung, vm the iiäniTe. ic to keep e Materiel in moving state, a JLamraer for holding the material, means the 3as through the material in the 'Äfjc i "ner hinäurehzuarücken and agitating? in order to make the lambs vibrate at the same time as the Sasström walking through the hindrance.

The chamber should be arranged essentially vertically and an essentially horizontal bottom wall ■ should be provided with perforations in order to provide inlet openings for the gas,

In a preferred embodiment there are a plurality of such

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Chambers provided vertically one above the other, with the perforations to separate one chamber from the next, and passageways between adjacent chambers for the vertical downward flow of the material in Gregenstroin the gas are provided. -..- · ..-

In the drawing, the invention is in one embodiment d-shown. ■ "·. ■

The only figure shows the device according to the invention in a schematic longitudinal section.

In the drawing, a composite cylinder 10 is shown, which has three chambers 11, 12 and 15 arranged vertically in line, one above the other. The chambers are provided with bottom walls 11a, 12a, 13a, - "which is provided with openings for free steam flow through the cylinder 10 from a steam inlet 14 at the bottom of the cylinder 10 to a steam outlet 15 at the upper end" of the cylinder 10 '. The steam flow is shown with feathered arrows. At the upper end of the cylinder 10 there is provided a material inlet 16 through which moist, crushed 'J? Abalc, which has been treated with a suitable alkali, is introduced into the Xemmer 11. An overflow channel 17 is to divert the excess of comminuted tuba from the inner 11. Provided at the bottom in the chamber 12. Bin v / pus overflow channel 1b is for draining off the excess of shredded tobacco ivirder cannier 12 into the chamber. I5 · provided. In the third overet ^ ikam. 19 leads the overaS

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Tobacco from the chamber 13 to a material outlet 20, which in the lower part of the cylinder 10 is provided. The flow path of the shredded tobacco through the cylinder 10 is through smooth arrows shown. About condensation in the cylinder To prevent 10, it can be provided with a steam jacket, not shown.

In operation, the cylinder 10 is filled with tobacco up to that in the figure Stand shown filled, whereby the tobacco each of the chambers 11, 12, 13 up to the level of the corresponding Ifberströmkanäle fills out. Ss is then Viasserdampf vertically upwards pumped through the cylinder 10, which the tobacco in each of the Chambers 11 to 13 flows through. About arms 21, 22, 23, 24, which are pivotally attached to the outer surface of the cylinder 10, the cylinder 10 is always in a substantially horizontal Level set in vibration by the drive of suitable eccentrics. As a modification to this, the cylinder 10 can be freely suspended and shaken or vibrated by means of compact weights rotating about vertical shafts carried by bearings attached to the cylinder 10.

By shaking the tobacco inside the chambers 11, 12 and 13- the 'water vapor is prevented from entering separate holes can blow the tobacco, and together with the flow of water vapor through the tobacco there is a constant movement of the tobacco inside the chambers 11, 12 and 13 · Furthermore, it is comminuted Tobacco is introduced into the cylinder 10 through the inlet 16 and thereby a continuous flow of tobacco through the cylinder 10 in ■

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vertical seal downwards in countercurrent to that upwards directed steam flow provided.

The vapor leaving outlet 15 contains nicotine, which then recovered or by various known smocks can be concentrated. .

It can be seen from the figure that the overflow channels 17 and 17 have open ends and are immersed in the shredded tobacco in the lower chamber. Bend is. necessary to prevent the steam from entering these channels and thus flowing into the next chamber through the apertured bottom walls 11a, 12a . The channels 17 and 1U can be modified so that they do not enter the tobacco into the lower chamber are immersed, wherein the lower outlet of these channels with an appropriate one-way valve that is, a flexible flap valve is provided which durcr. actuated d ^ s' 5EV ^r T of the falling thereon shredded tobacco, v / elohes .but by the pressure of v.'nsserda acting on it: apf93 je-se-hlossp-i. In this way, shredded tobacco is transferred from the upper to the lower chambers, but it is prevented that water vapor through this cannula from the lower to the upper Chambers can flow.

de performing may further for extracting volatile constituents including any plant material or of solutions from plant material by steam distillation ves · - turns Verden. Other mass transfer methods with joint

Chemical and adhesive material can also be used in accordance with the present invention as these materials can be kept in motion through the use of mechanical shaking with the appropriate gas flow through the material .

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Claims (8)

ί; ■ 21. Ίθ # 66 B / W η j Pat e η t a η a ρ r ü c h ev ' 1. A method of holding a stapled , comminuted material in a flowing state, characterized in that gas is pressed through the 'inateri'al and the material is mechanically shaken at the same time. 2. The method illustrated in claim 1, characterized "in that the gas is orthogonal to east" ben by das''Material'geführt and the material at the same time ir an IV substantially wagrechten ~:. "B eme iirechanisch 'in Bev / ath vrird maintained.''■' ⁼ "' 3. The method still claim 2, dridurch habennzeiohnet that the material vertically downwards in Ce ;; 'enström eu led to the gas vrird. ". · ■ '' · / ' 4. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material constantly and re, 5 tear ig -eechüttelt or is networked in oscillations. !?. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized by a hammer (11) for taking the material, means for pushing gas through the material in the hammer, and sighting means (21 "to 24) for moving the material at the same time to keep moving with the gas flow passing through. ■ 6. VoiriöhtiÄtg after; Claim 5, characterized in that the £ & mmer (11) arranged substantially vertically and with a '■ ·'"5 - '^ .- i'■■■■" ■ '■■■■' ■ - '' . ^; . ■ ·. ■ '· ■. horizontal bottom (11a) provided i. {; t, which with. Through step open, provided for the gas 1st, ... ο η ο α η 1 / η «a ^ /. ^BA ® ORJOlNAU October 21, 66 B / W I / p 4849. ■. · 7. Device according to claim 6, "characterized by a plurality of chambers (11, 12, 13) which are arranged vertically in a line one above the other, with perforations provided Bottoms (11a, 12a, 13a) that separate one chamber from the next " and flow channels (17 »18, 19) between adjacent chambers for a material flow directed vertically downwards in countercurrent to the (Jas. 8. Apparatus according to claim 5 to 7, characterized in that the material consists of tobacco and the gas consists of water vapor. 809901 / Q334