DE1286735B - Sun protection device, especially for buildings, with sun protection slats each movable around an axis - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a sun protection device, in particular for buildings, with sun protection slats, which are rotated around an axis by means of motorized, Movable drive controlled by light-sensitive electrical controls are.

There are sun protection devices known in which awnings or Lamellar members are moved by an electric motor and to control the electric motor Drive the thermal radiation or the visible light of the sun via appropriate Converter acts on the drive motor in such a way that the sun protection device in one of its two end positions - "open" or "close" - is moved. As the well-known Sun protection devices only know one setting in the respective end position, it is not possible with them, in buildings or, for example, in ships a `room or an area depending on the respective direction of incidence the solar radiation so to protect against this that he shaded the direct Solar radiation is still as well lit as possible.

The invention is accordingly based on the object of a sun protection device to create that automatically adjusts the slat position to the respective Direction of incidence of solar radiation makes. You could think of yourself for example by means of cams a program control for the position of the Make slats. But now is the angle of solar radiation at which in the morning the slats have to be adjusted in a westerly direction is reached about 1 to 11/2 hours earlier in winter than in summer. Behaves similarly it happens when the slats are opened again in the afternoon. For the interpretation of the The program duration, which is decisive for the cam disk, is therefore shorter in winter than in summer. It is also not possible to simply time the program, for example by 1 hour to move because at noon, when the sun is exactly south and the radiation falls vertically on a house wall oriented in east-west direction, the seasonal one Difference is only a few minutes.

According to the invention, the solution to the problem posed is characterized in that that for the purpose of adapting the slat position to the changing direction of incidence of the sun's rays, the control elements are assigned to at least part of the slats are that they are due to the slat movements their position with respect to the respective Change the direction of incidence of solar radiation.

The electric motor drive can either only use the assigned slats, whose light-sensitive control elements generate the control commands for him, or but all existing slats by a single drive motor in the said Obscure meaning. All existing drive motors, e.g. B. for one side of the building, can be controlled by the same light-sensitive controls.

Further features of the invention are the subject of the claims subordinate to claim 1. In the following part of the description, the invention is explained, for example, with reference to the drawing. It shows: F i g. 1 two slats of the sun protection device with control elements in the starting position, FIG. 2 the two lamellas according to FIG. 1 in a changed position, which is adapted to the direction of incidence of the sun's rays, and FIG. 3 circuit diagrams for the sun protection device. From FIG. 1 it can be seen that control elements a, b are fastened in the region of the two longitudinal edges of the lamella B on the surface of the one lamella denoted by B opposite the other lamella that casts the shadow, which is denoted by A. These controls a, b are connected to a not shown on the F i g.1 first electric circuit I, which can move in a direction P4 to the drive motor only control commands for the rotation of the blades A, B, when both groups of control elements , i.e. both the control elements a and the control elements b, lie outside the drop shadow of the other slat A. Each group of control elements can consist of one or more of these elements.

One recognizes in FIG. 1 that in the starting position of the slats A and B, which in this example is the position perpendicular to the wall Wa, the sunbeam P1 forming the shadow border of the slat A falls so that both the control elements a and the control elements b on the slat B. lie outside the shadow of lamella A. In this case, the first circuit connected to the outputs of the control elements a, b causes the lamellae A and B to rotate clockwise about their axes x and y, ie in the direction of the arrows P2, until the sunbeam P3 , which now represents the shadow limit of the lamellae A , is above the light-sensitive components b impinges on lamella B, i.e. b lies in the cast shadow of lamella A.

Since the sun moves on in the direction of the arrow P4, starting from its morning position, further adjustments of the slats A and B are effected in the direction of the arrows P2 as soon as the control elements b are again directly irradiated by the sun. This adjustment continues until one in FIG. 1 designated by El first extreme position of the lamellae is reached.

Switching means are provided which, after the rotation of the slats A, B into this predetermined first extreme position El, prevent the further rotation of the slats in the direction indicated by the arrows P2. This is expediently done in that a position indicator is provided which, when the first extreme position is reached, interrupts the supply circuit for the drive motor via electromechanical or electronic relays assigned to the direction of rotation in the direction of arrows P2.

If the slats A and B are a predetermined time, e.g. B. 1 hour, in the first extreme position El, then switching means cause the rotation of the slats in the opposite direction P5, in the embodiment of FIG. 1 and 2, i.e. a left turn, up to the second extreme position E2.

It can be seen that after this left-hand movement in the direction of P5, which is carried out around noon, the surface of the lamella B carrying the control elements a, b is facing away from the sun. For this reason, the lamella A also carries control elements c, d on its surface facing the lamella B, of which the elements d on the longitudinal edge of the lamella A facing the wall Wa are primarily of interest. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, these control elements are provided with a second electrical circuit, which is also shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is not shown, connected. This electrical circuit is designed in such a way that it only sends control commands for the rotation of the slats A, B in the direction of the arrows P2 to the drive motor when the control elements d are in the cast shadow of the slat B. This is in FIG. 2 shown. It can be seen that in the extended position of the slats A and B, the control elements d on the slat A are in the cast shadow of the slat B. This means that the shielding effect of the slats A and B is greater than is necessary according to the position of the sun. For this reason, controlled by the control elements d, the slats A and B are rotated about their axes x and y in the direction of the arrows P2 until the control elements d are again directly irradiated by the sun.

This renewed clockwise rotation can only take place until the slats reach a third extreme position, which is shown in FIG. 2 is designated by E3, achieve. In which the F i g. 2, this third extreme position is identical to the position of the slats perpendicular to the wall Wa. This is because it is often not necessary to carry out further slat adjustments when the sun is shining in the evening. In addition, the provision of the third extreme position is useful insofar as this - as in the one shown in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment - can be chosen so that it corresponds to the starting position of the slats the next morning. For this reason, it is ensured in the preferred embodiment of the invention that the generation of the control commands for the drive motor when the third extreme position E3 is reached is moved back again by automatic switching from the second electrical circuit to the first electrical circuit, so that the Controls c, d on slat A, but controls a, b on slat B are responsible for the slat rotation. The initial state is thus present again, and the renewed rotation of the lamellae takes place in the manner illustrated in FIG. 1 described way.

The arrangement has the advantage of being completely independent of the geographic area Location and the location of the building to be to the north-south direction.

In the following, the on the basis of FIG. 1 and 2, preferred embodiment of the sun protection device according to the invention, described in principle with regard to its mode of operation, in its details with reference to FIGS. 3 described. It can be seen that in FIG. 3 four circuits marked with Roman numerals are particularly emphasized. The circuits I and II are the electrical circuits already mentioned, of which I is connected to the output of the control elements a, b on the slat B and II to the output of the corresponding control elements c, d on the other slat A.

III with an additional electrical circuit is referred to, the implementation special appropriate switching measures in the case of cloudy weather, d. H. of lack direct solar radiation. This circuit "seeks" the one that has returned Sun after the end of the cloud cover. Finally, with IV there is another, as a rotating circuit designated circuitry highlighted when switching from the automatic Operation on cycle operation, controlled by a timer Sch, becomes effective.

A and B denote two vertically arranged lamellae, shown in cross section.

If direct sunlight falls on the control element a of the slat B while the control element b is still in the shade, the pointer of the indicator B 'moves out of the limit contact nzinll. An adjustment of the slats does not yet take place.

Only when direct sunlight falls on the control element b, i.e. the shadow of the lamella A on the lamella B has already passed the control element b, are both photo voltages added, the pointer of the instrument B 'reaches the limit contact ntaxll, which via tlul the Y- Relay in circuit I switches on.

This is, for example, about 1 to 6 seconds delayed. Through this the R-relay remains energized for the same time, and the actuating pulse is sufficient To adjust slats so far that the control b is back in the shadow of the Lamella A device.

The slats are adjusted via the contacts rlal and s' / rl, which then close the one supply circuit for the drive motor M.

If the sun has meanwhile moved so far that the control element b is exposed again as strongly as the control element a, the limit contact max / 1 responds again. The V relay brings the R relay again, and the slats are again adjusted to the right via rlal. This happens so often or until the position indicator C with its limit contact r causes the S 'relay to respond (first extreme position). With its normally closed contact s '/ rl, this prevents further right-hand pulses in the impulse line of motor M. The S'-relay is maintained via contacts s' / al and t / rl. With the normally open contact s'la2 it brings the S-relay, which does not respond immediately, but with a delay (e.g. 1 hour). After the delay time has elapsed, the S relay closes the contact s / al and thus moves the slats to the left, i.e. it turns the slats up to the left limit contact 1 of the C'-indicator (second extreme position), which then turns the T -Relay brings.

The T-relay separates the self-holding of the with its contact t / rl S'-relay on and holds itself over t / al and u / rl itself. With its contact t / ul becomes the control voltage is switched to the contact max / 2 of the indicator A ', so that now the further control of the slats via the control elements c, d and the circuit 1I takes place.

At the same time, the T-relay effects an adjustment of the slats to the right via the contacts p / rl and t / a2, until the second control element d receives direct light, i.e. the contact max / 2 of the indicator A ' responds and that P relay brings. This is maintained via its own contact plal as well as via ilrl and y / rl itself and, by opening its contact p / rl, prevents the slats from being adjusted further to the right via tla2.

Now the J-relay responds with a delay. The pull-in delay time must be set so that the second control element d z. B. 2 to 3 cm within the shadow of the = lamella B. After this time has elapsed, the pointer has come out of contact max / 2 of indicator A ' and this contact is open. The responding-ie 'J-relay separates the self-holding of the P-relay with its contact ilrl. Via plrl, since the T-relay is still holding itself via ulr 1 , the slats are adjusted further to the right until direct light falls again on the second control element d. This adjustment is repeated until the slats finally reach the position perpendicular to the wall Wa as the third extreme position E3 in this embodiment and the U relay responds. This interrupts the self-holding of the T-relay.

The contact tlul now switches back to the indicator B ' and thus to the control elements a, b , which are thus ready to switch again for the next morning. The slats remain in the extreme position E3 until the next morning.

If clouds shield the sun's rays so that the control elements a, b, c and d do not receive direct sunlight, the pointers of the instruments B 'and A' will trigger the min-limit contacts minll and min12, and the additional circuit IIf becomes effective. These limit contacts are connected in series and cause the H relay to respond immediately and the W relay with a delay, for example 1 to 10 minutes. This delay is to prevent the W-relay from only briefly cloudy, z. B. by passing clouds of smoke and the like., Responds. The W relay only responds when the sun has already been covered for a certain period of time.

Depending on whether the T-relay has already picked up or not yet the slats are either via the contacts t / u2, w / a2, u / r3, K-Relais and klal by left impulses or via 11u2, ivlal, ulr4, M relays and mlal by right impulses moved towards the extreme position E3.

If this extreme position E3 is reached, the U-relay is energized via the series-connected limit contacts of the indicators D'1, D'2 and D'3 of the different floors of the building, which then either with its contacts u / r3 and u / r4 causes the M or the K relay to drop out. It interrupts the further transmission of left or right impulses via the klal or inlal contacts. The W relay remains picked up via minll and xlal (min12). The slats then remain in the extreme position E3 until the sun's rays are no longer shielded by the cloud cover, regardless of whether this is the case on the same or the next day.

If during the adjustment of the slats by the W relay the The sun suddenly shines on the facility again, the contacts h / al, k / a2 ensure or mla2 that the W relay is held until the slats are in the extreme position Have reached E3.

If the sun shines on the sun protection device again on the same day, the following situations are possible for the control: 1. The direct rays of the sun hit control elements a and b of slat B, while elements c and d are still in the shadow of slat A; 2. direct sunlight hits the controls c and d of slat A, while elements a and b are in the shadow of slat B ; 3. Both pairs of control elements are lit about the same; 4. direct sunlight hits only control a and 5. direct sunlight hits only control e. In the 1st case, the contact minll of the indicator B 'will open, the W relay drops out, and since the T relay has not yet picked up, the slats are controlled, as already described, by the pair of controls a, b via maxl1 and tlul done.

The W'-relay keeps its contact w% al for the duration of the set Drop-out delay time still closed. In this case, however, the Y relay can do not respond because minll is open. In the event that minl1 close again should while Wlal is still closed, d. H. the drop-out delay time of the W'-relay has not yet expired, the contact h / rl prevents the Y relay from coming, because the H-relay picks up again immediately.

In the 2nd case, contact minl2 of indicator A 'will open. The X relay drops out, xlal is opened, W and H relays drop out without delay.

The W 'relay is delayed in such a way that it is certain that the left adjustment of the slats is sufficient until the limit contact 1 of the indicator C is reached. The slats are adjusted using minll, Wlal, h / rl, t / r2, Y-relay and the contact ylal, until the Y-relay is thrown off with t / r2. The 7-relay has picked up and with its contact tlul transferred the further control to the control element pair c, d.

The relay W 'opens its contact w% al after its dropout delay time. The slats are now controlled via circuit II until the U-relay with its contact u / rl drops the T-relay and the contact tlul is prepared again for the next day, ie on the control element pair a, b and thus on the circuit I switches over.

In the third case, when both contacts ininll and min12 open after exposure to the sun, ie the sun is almost perpendicular to the direction of the building, the W relay and with it the I relay drop out without delay. The Z relay comes via minll and xlrl. This is self-sustaining via z / al and rlrl. The slats are adjusted to the right via z / al and s% rl until the second control element b also comes into direct sunlight. Since both control elements c and d are now in the shadow of slat A , inin / 2 closes. The X relay picks up and xlrl opens.

Y and R relays now take over the further control of the slats. The R relay has canceled the latching of the Z relay with contact rlrl.

As soon as control b falls into the shade, the slats remain stand. The slats then have the position corresponding to the current position of the sun Position found.

If necessary, the slats must be turned.

In the 4th case, the slats remain perpendicular to the wall Wa until the sun has moved so far that the control b is in direct sunlight device. The control of the slats then begins in the manner already described.

In the 5th case, there is no slat adjustment. The slats stay until the next day in the extreme position E3. It is appropriate to insert synchronization pauses during the adjustment.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, a changeover switch US is provided in the feed lines of the drive motor M, which allows the automatic switching on of the described automatic and the regular operation by means of a controlling timer. It is useful to give this changeover switch two other positions, namely for manual operation, in which either a left-hand rotation or a right-hand rotation of the slats A and B can be initiated by manual control.

The cycle operation will now be described in detail below.

The starting position of the slats for cycle operation is the slat position perpendicular to the wall Wa, d. H. the third extreme position E3.

If the switch US is set to cycle operation, the previous impulse line is disconnected from the "manual" and "automatic" positions, and the impulse lines l ' and r' are connected to the motor M. At the same time, with the switchover to rotation, the timer Sch is switched on with an auxiliary contact usla.

The first switching contact of the clock brings the N relay in via switch the rotary circuit IV, which is maintained over nla2 and olrl. With his contact nlal there is a control pulse for clockwise rotation via r 'on the motor for as long as until the limit contact 27.5 ° on the right of the indicator F 'brings the O relay. This separates the self-holding of the N-relay and holds itself via ola2 and qlrl.

The relay O transmits control pulses to the left with its contact olal l 'until the limit contact on the left of indicator F' brings the Q relay. This separates the self-holding of the O-relay and holds itself via q / a2 and u / r5.

With the contact qlal right-hand impulses are given again via the impulse line r 'until the limit contacts in the extreme position E3 of the position indicators D'1, D'2 and D'3 cause the U relay to respond and this with the u / r5 contact the locking of the Q relay is canceled. The U relay is therefore assigned to both automatic and regular operation.

The slats now remain in the extreme position E3 until a new pulse from the timer Sch (e.g. every 60 minutes) brings the N relay back and this repeats an adjustment of the slats of ± 27.5 °, as already described. Instead of 27.5 °, it is understandable that another angle can be selected.

The switchover from cycle to manual or automatic ends the cycle operation, and the timer Sch is put out of operation via the contact usla.

To avoid sudden reversals of the motors from left to right or It is advisable to see in front of the contactors to avoid too rapid switching sequences one delay relay each for left and right rotation of the motor (approx. 0 to 4 sec).

Before the switch is set to "automatic" again, it must be closed Note that the slats are set to the extreme position E3 beforehand. The automatic can only start again from this position.

The C relay ensures that when the switch is switched back to "automatic", the W 'relay is opened via contact c / rl. The response sensitivity can be set with the aid of two potentiometers (not shown) which are connected in parallel to the control elements a, b and e, d .

Claims (21)

Claims: 1. Sun protection device, in particular for buildings, with sun protection slats which can be moved around an axis by means of a motorized drive controlled by light-sensitive electrical control elements, characterized in that the control elements (a, b; c, d) are assigned to at least some of the slats (A, B) in such a way that, as a result of the slat movements, they change their position with respect to the respective direction of incidence of the solar radiation. 2. Sun protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control elements (a, b; c, d) are attached to the slats' (A, B) . 3. Sun protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that the control elements (a, b; c, d) on the slats (A, B) are arranged relative to one another in such a way that cast shadows from one of the one slat (B) adjacent other slat ( A) temporarily fall on at least part of the control elements (b) fastened on the one lamella (B) and influence the generation of the control commands (FIG. 1). 4. Sun protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that on the shadow-casting other lamella (A) opposite surface of the one lamella (B) control elements (a, b) are each attached in the region of the two longitudinal edges of the lamella (B) and that these Control elements (a; b) are connected to a first electrical circuit (1) which only allows control commands for the rotation of the slats (A, B) in one direction (P4) to reach the drive motor (M) when both groups of Control elements (a, b) are outside the drop shadow of the other lamella (A). 5. Sun protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that the outputs of the two groups of control elements (a, b) are interconnected in their electrical output variables summing sense and are connected to the input of an electromechanical or electronic relay (maxl1, V), which, if necessary Via further relays (R), one of the one direction of rotation (P4) of the lamellas (A, B) assigned supply circuit for the drive motor (M) closes when both groups of control elements (a, b) have their irradiated state associated value of the output variable is available. 6. Sun protection device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that switching means ( C ) are arranged, which after rotation of the slats (A, B) in a predetermined first extreme position (El), the further rotation of the slats (A, B) in this Prevent direction (P4). 7. Sun protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that a position indicator ( C ) is present, which upon reaching the first extreme position (El) by a first limit contact device (r) the one direction of rotation (P4). assigned supply circuit for the drive motor (M) via electromechanical or electronic relay (S ') interrupts. B. Sun protection device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that switching means (S) are provided which, a predetermined time after reaching the first extreme position (E1), rotate the slats (A, B) in the other direction of rotation opposite to one direction of rotation (P4) (P5) up to a second extreme position (E2) have the effect that the other lamella (A) also carries control elements (d) on its surface facing one lamella (B) and that these control elements (d) are connected to a second electrical circuit (II ), which can only send control commands for the rotation of the slats (A, B) in one direction (P4) to the drive motor (M) if these control elements (d) are in the shadow of one slat (B). 9. Sun protection device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the position indicator ( C ) after reaching the first extreme position (E1) actuates a preferably delayed electromechanical or electronic relay (S), which in turn is one of the other direction of rotation (P5) associated with the supply circuit of the Drive motor (M) concludes that the position indicator ( C ) contains a second limit contact device (1) which switches off the relay (S) when the second extreme position (E2) is reached and, by switching (t / ul), the generation of the control commands for the Drive motor (M) from the first electrical circuit (I) to the second electrical circuit (II), and that the outputs of the control elements (d) of the other lamella (A) are interconnected in the sense of adding up the output variables and with an electromechanical or electronic relay (P) are connected, which is the one direction of movement (P4) associated supply circuit for the drive motor or (M) interrupts as soon as the value of their output variable belonging to the irradiated state of the control elements (d) is available. 10. Sun protection device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the control elements (d) on the other lamella (A) in the area of the position of the lamellae (A, B) perpendicular to the wall (Wa) on the longitudinal edge facing this wall other lamella (A). 11. Sun protection device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that switching means (D ', U T) are arranged, which after a rotation of the slats (A, B) in the second extreme position (E2) made renewed rotation in the one direction (P4) in a third, extreme position (E3), preferably perpendicular to the wall (Wa), the further actuation of the drive motor (M) by the control elements (d) on the other lamella (A) in one direction (P4) prevent. 12. Sun protection device according to claim 11, characterized in that the switching means (D ', U, T) generate the control commands for the drive motor (M) by switching (tlul) from the second electrical circuit (1I) to the first electrical circuit ( I) relocate. 13. Sun protection device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that a position indicator (D'1, D'2, D'3) for the third extreme position (E3) of the slats (A, B) is present, which when reaching the third The changeover is effected via an electromechanical or electronic relay (U) in the extreme position. 14. Sun protection device according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that that the switchovers by switching the electrical circuits on and off (I, 1I) feeding voltages. 15. Sun protection device according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that an additional circuit (III) is present, which, if the solar radiation falls below a predetermined value, allows control commands to reach the drive motor (M), which causes a rotation of the slats (A , B) in the third extreme position (E3). 16. Sun protection device according to claim 15, characterized in that the two electrical circuits (I, II) with the outputs of the respective associated control elements (a, b; c, d) contain minimal contact devices (min / 1, minl2) which are actuated , as soon as the output variables of the control elements connected to them (a, b; c, d) fall below a predetermined value, and then the supply circuit of the drive motor via electromechanical or electronic relays (H, W, K, M) in the additional circuit (11I) (M) close, and that the position indicator (DU, D'2, D'3) for the third extreme position (E3) causes the supply circuit to open when it is reached. 17. Sun protection device according to claim 16, characterized in that that individual relays (W) have selected response delays that short-term Falling below the specified value of solar radiation has no effect have the slat position. 18. Sun protection device according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in da.ß further electromechanical or electronic relays (X, Y, H, Z) are arranged, which under the influence of the output variables of the control elements (a, b; c, d ) and, if the specified value of solar radiation is exceeded, cause the slats (A, B) to rotate into their position corresponding to the respective direction of incidence of solar radiation. 19. Sun protection device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that changeover switches (US) for the transition from automatic operation to cycle operation and vice versa are arranged in the supply circuits of the drive motor. 20. Sun protection device according to claim 19, characterized in that a timer (Sch) controlled by means of pulses circuit (rotary circuit IV) with electromechanical or electronic relays (N, U, Q) is arranged for the regular operation, which together with the direction of rotation determine Limit contact arrangements (F ') the rotations of the slats (A, B) within a predetermined angular range, e.g. B. ± 30 ° to cause the third extreme position (E3) by the drive motor (M). 21. Sun protection device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that resistors for setting the control sensitivity are arranged in the circles of the control elements (a, b; c, d).