DE102005057178A1 - Use of zinc salts of lipoic acid for the treatment of lipid metabolism disorders - Google Patents
Use of zinc salts of lipoic acid for the treatment of lipid metabolism disorders Download PDFInfo
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- DE102005057178A1 DE102005057178A1 DE102005057178A DE102005057178A DE102005057178A1 DE 102005057178 A1 DE102005057178 A1 DE 102005057178A1 DE 102005057178 A DE102005057178 A DE 102005057178A DE 102005057178 A DE102005057178 A DE 102005057178A DE 102005057178 A1 DE102005057178 A1 DE 102005057178A1
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- Prior art keywords
- lipoic acid
- treatment
- zinc
- lipoate
- acid
- Prior art date
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- 208000017170 Lipid metabolism disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 235000019136 lipoic acid Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 44
- 229960002663 thioctic acid Drugs 0.000 title abstract description 41
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 7
- AGBQKNBQESQNJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lipoate Chemical class [O-]C(=O)CCCCC1CCSS1 AGBQKNBQESQNJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title 1
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- IZFHEQBZOYJLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrolipoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(S)CCS IZFHEQBZOYJLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960000999 sodium citrate dihydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- ZCIHMQAPACOQHT-ZGMPDRQDSA-N trans-isorenieratene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/c1c(C)ccc(C)c1C)C=CC=C(/C)C=Cc2c(C)ccc(C)c2C ZCIHMQAPACOQHT-ZGMPDRQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- WEAPVABOECTMGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl 2-acetyloxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCC WEAPVABOECTMGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960000281 trometamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000019553 vascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000005166 vasculature Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010497 wheat germ oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005019 zein Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093612 zein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011667 zinc carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004416 zinc carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000010 zinc carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011670 zinc gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011478 zinc gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000306 zinc gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/38—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom
- A61K31/385—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom having two or more sulfur atoms in the same ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/30—Zinc; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Zinksalzen der alpha-Liponsäure zur Behandlung einer Reihe von Dyslipidämie, Übergewichtigkeit und metabolischem Syndrom. Bevorzugt ist die Verwendung von Zn((R)-alpha-Lipoat)¶2¶.The present invention relates to the use of zinc salts of alpha-lipoic acid for the treatment of a number of dyslipidemia, obesity and metabolic syndrome. The use of Zn ((R) -alpha-Lipoat) ¶2¶ is preferred.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Zinksalzen der α-Liponsäure zur Behandlung von Fettstoffwechselstörungen.The The present invention relates to the use of zinc salts of α-lipoic acid Treatment of lipid metabolism disorders.
Als Coenzym bei der oxidativen Decarboxylierung von α-Ketosäuren findet man Liponsäure in nahezu jeder Zelle eines Organismus. Antiphlogistische, analgetische und cytoprotektive Eigenschaften wie auch ihre antioxidative Wirkung machen die Liponsäure zu einem interessanten Wirkstoff für Pharmazie, Kosmetik, Ernährungsindustrie und angrenzende Gebiete (Biothiols in Health and Disease, Herausgeber Packer L. und Cadenas E., Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, Basel, Hongkong). So wird über verschiedene Studien an diabetischen Patienten berichtet, bei denen die Verabreichung von Liponsäure Wirkung zeigte. Beispielsweise beschreiben Jacob et al., Arzneim.-Forsch./Drug Res. 45 (II) Nr. 8 (1995) 872–874 eine deutliche Verbesserung der Glucose-Verwertung von Patienten mit Diabetes Typ II nach einmaliger parenteraler Gabe von 1000 mg Liponsäure. Ähnliche Ergebnisse wurden für eine chronische parenterale Gabe berichtet (Jacob et al., Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 104 (1996) 284–288). In einer Studie zur Behandlung diabetischer Neuropathie mit Liponsäure (ALADIN) nahmen symptomatische Beschwerden bei 3-wöchiger intravenöser Verabreichung von täglich 600 mg Liponsäure ab (Ziegler et al. Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1425–1433). Kürzlich konnte in einer Fortsetzung dieser Studie zur symptomatischen Behandlung diabetischer Polyneuropathie mit Liponsäure (ALADIN III) allerdings keine von Placebo unterscheidbare Wirkung auf neuropathische Symptome festgestellt werden, wenngleich die 3-wöchige intravenöse und anschließende 6-monatige orale Behandlung mit Liponsäure neuropathische Defizite in günstiger Weise zu beeinflussen schien (Ziegler et al., Diabetes Care 22: 1296–1301, 1999). In der DEKAN-Studie konnte keine signifikante Veränderung cardiovaskulärer autonomer Symptome an NIDDM-Patienten beobachtet werden, die 4 Monate täglich 800 mg Liponsäure bekamen (Ziegler et al., Diabetes Care 20 (1997) 369–373). In einer neueren Multicenter-Studie an Patienten mit Diabetes Typ II wurde festgestellt, dass eine 1- bis 3-malige tägliche orale Verabreichung von 600 mg Liponsäure die Insulinempfindlichkeit beeinflussen konnte (Jacob et al., Free Radical Biology & Medicine, Vol. 27, Nos. 3/4, 309–314, 1999 und BioFactors 10 (1999) 169–174). Auch berichteten Stoll et al. in Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Vol. 46, S. 799–805 (1993) und in Ann. NY Acad. Sci., Vol. 717, S. 122–128 (1994), dass Liponsäure das Langzeitgedächtnis alter Mäuse bzw. kognitive Fähigkeiten von Nagern verbessern kann. T. M. Hagen et al. beschreiben in FASEB-Journal, Vol. 13, S. 411–418 (1999) eine revitalisierende Wirkung oral verabreichter Liponsäure auf alte Ratten. Gegen Obesität gerichtete Wirkungen von Liponsäure sind von Kim et al., in Nature Medicine 10, 727–733, 2004, untersucht worden.When Coenzyme in the oxidative decarboxylation of α-keto acids can be found in almost every lipoic acid Cell of an organism. Antiphlogistic, analgesic and cytoprotective Properties as well as their antioxidant effect make lipoic acid one interesting ingredient for Pharmacy, cosmetics, food industry and adjacent areas (Biothiols in Health and Disease, ed Packer L. and Cadenas E., Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, Basel, Hong Kong). So will over Various studies have been reported in diabetic patients in whom the administration of lipoic acid Effect showed. For example, Jacob et al., Arzneim.-Forsch./Drug Res. 45 (II) No. 8 (1995) 872-874 a significant improvement in the glucose utilization of patients with diabetes type II after a single parenteral dose of 1000 mg lipoic acid. Similar Results were for chronic parenteral administration (Jacob et al., Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 104 (1996) 284-288). In a study on Treatment of diabetic neuropathy with lipoic acid (ALADIN) took symptomatic Complaints at 3 weeks intravenous Daily administration 600 mg lipoic acid (Ziegler et al., Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1425-1433). Recently, in a sequel of this study on the symptomatic treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy with lipoic acid (ALADIN III), however, no distinguishable from placebo effect on neuropathic symptoms, although the 3-week intravenous and subsequent 6-month oral treatment with lipoic acid neuropathic deficiencies in cheaper Way (Ziegler et al., Diabetes Care 22: 1296-1301, 1999). There was no significant change in the DEKAN study cardiovascular autonomic symptoms are observed in NIDDM patients 4 months Every day 800 mg lipoic acid (Ziegler et al., Diabetes Care 20 (1997) 369-373). In a recent multi-center study in patients with type II diabetes It was found that 1 to 3 times daily oral administration of 600 mg lipoic acid could affect insulin sensitivity (Jacob et al., Free Radical Biology & Medicine, Vol. 27, Nos. 3/4, 309-314, 1999 and BioFactors 10 (1999) 169-174). Stoll also reported et al. in Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Vol. 46, pp. 799-805 (1993) and in Ann. NY Acad. Sci., Vol. 717, pp. 122-128 (1994) that lipoic acid is the Long-term memory old mice or cognitive abilities of rodents can improve. T.M. Hagen et al. describe in FASEB journal, Vol. 13, pp. 411-418 (1999) found a revitalizing effect of orally administered lipoic acid old rats. Against obesity directed effects of lipoic acid have been studied by Kim et al., Nature Medicine 10, 727-733, 2004.
α-Liponsäure wird therapeutisch zur Behandlung von Lebererkrankungen sowie bei diabetischer und alkoholischer Polyneuropathie, einer mit Stoffwechselerkrankungen einhergehenden Veränderung peripherer Nerven, eingesetzt.α-lipoic acid is therapeutically for the treatment of liver diseases and diabetic and alcoholic polyneuropathy, one with metabolic diseases accompanying change peripheral nerves, used.
Nach EP-A 0 947 194 ist das R-Enantiomere der α-Liponsäure in der Hauptsache antiphlogistisch, das S-Enantiomere in der Hauptsache antinociceptiv wirksam.To EP-A 0 947 194, the R-enantiomer of α-lipoic acid is mainly antiphlogistic, the S-enantiomer is mainly antinociceptive.
Das zyklische Disulfid der α-Liponsäure kann bei Redoxreaktionen in Dihydroliponsäure, die offenkettige, reduzierte Form, umgewandelt werden. Im Pyruvat-Dehydrogenasekomplex der Mitochondrienmembran fungiert sie als Acyl-Überträger. Sie wirkt als Antioxidans und ist Wasserstoffüberträger bei der Reduktion von α-Ketosäuren. Im Enzymverband ist sie als Amid an die ε-Aminogruppe eines Lysinrestes gebunden.The cyclic disulfide of α-lipoic acid can in redox reactions in dihydrolipoic acid, the open-chain, reduced Form, to be transformed. Acts in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of the mitochondrial membrane she as an acyl transmitter. she acts as an antioxidant and is a hydrogen carrier in the reduction of α-keto acids. in the Enzyme dressing is as an amide to the ε-amino group of a lysine residue bound.
Weiterhin vermögen α-Liponsäure oder α-Dihydroliponsäure die Bioverfügbarkeit von Mineralsalzen zu erhöhen (EP-A 1 172 110).Farther α-lipoic acid or α-dihydrolipoic acid bioavailability of mineral salts increase (EP-A 1 172 110).
EP-B 702 953 (US-A 5,990,152) und EP-A 947 194 beschreiben Darreichungsformen aus festen Salzen der α-Liponsäure, die als Arzneimittel- oder Nahrungsmittelzusatzstoff verwendet werden.EP-B 702 953 (US-A 5,990,152) and EP-A 947 194 describe dosage forms from solid salts of α-lipoic acid, the used as a drug or food additive.
Aus EP-A 0 572 922 ist bekannt, dass Kombinationen aus dem R-Enantiomeren der α-Liponsäure und Vitaminen verglichen mit der Wirkung der racemischen Form der α-Liponsäure alleine und der Wirkung der Vitamine alleine eine erhöhte Wirksamkeit zeigen, d.h. synergistisch wirken. EP-A-0 572 922 beschreibt die Verwendung von α-Liponsäure und Derivaten davon in Kombination mit einem Vitamin zur Herstellung von Arzneimitteln mit analgetischer, antiphlogistischer, antidiabetischer, cytoprotektiver, antiulcerativer, antinekrotischer, neuroprotektiver, detoxifizierender, antiischämischer, Leberfunktions-regulierender, antiallergischer, immunstimulierender wie antionkogener Wirkung. Dabei wird α-Liponsäure mit Vitaminen dadurch kombiniert, dass Mischungen aus den Einzelkomponenten hergestellt werden. Die α-Liponsäure wird dabei in Form der freien Säure oder in Form ihrer üblichen Salze eingesetzt. In der WO 02/022111 sind Kombination von Liponsäure mit Konjuensäuren zur Behandlung diabetischer Störungen vorgeschlagen. Die WO 01/85165 beschreibt Kombinationen von Liponsäure mit C1-Donoren wie S-Adenosylmethionin und/oder 5-Methyltetrahydrofolat zur Behandlung von Störungen des zentralen Nervensystems. Laut WO 03/035056 sollen Kombinationen von Liponsäure mit Glutamin den Glutathion-Stoffwechsel stabilisieren können.It is known from EP-A 0 572 922 that combinations of the R-enantiomer of the α-lipoic acid and vitamins, compared to the effect of the racemic form of the α-lipoic acid alone and the action of the vitamins alone, show an increased activity, ie act synergistically. EP-A-0 572 922 describes the use of α-lipoic acid and derivatives thereof in combination with a vitamin for the preparation of medicaments with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, cytoprotective, antiulcerative, antinecrotic, neuroprotective, detoxifying, anti-ischemic, hepatic function-regulating, anti-allergic , immunostimulating as well as antioncogenic effect. In this case, α-lipoic acid is combined with vitamins in that mixtures of the individual components are produced. The α-lipoic acid is used in the form of the free acid or in the form of their customary salts. In WO 02/022111 are combination of lipone acid with conjuene acids for the treatment of diabetic disorders. WO 01/85165 describes combinations of lipoic acid with C1 donors such as S-adenosylmethionine and / or 5-methyltetrahydrofolate for the treatment of disorders of the central nervous system. According to WO 03/035056, combinations of lipoic acid with glutamine should be able to stabilize the glutathione metabolism.
Im Fall der Kombinationen aus Vitaminen und α-Liponsäure müssen die geeignete Form der α-Liponsäure und das Vitamin zunächst gemischt werden, bevor eine Darreichungsform hergestellt werden kann. Zur Herstellung einer Darreichungsform, die eine Kombination aus α-Liponsäure und Vitamin enthalten soll, ist daher zunächst ein Arbeitsschritt der Mischungsherstellung notwendig.in the Case of combinations of vitamins and α-lipoic acid must be the appropriate form of α-lipoic acid and the vitamin first be mixed before preparing a dosage form can. For preparing a dosage form that is a combination from α-lipoic acid and Vitamin is therefore a first step of the process Mixture preparation necessary.
Laut EP-B 702 953 zeigen Darreichungsformen aus festen Salzen eine gegenüber Darreichungsformen aus der freien Säure erhöhte Bioverfügbarkeit und einfachere Herstellbarkeit. Als Salzbildner stabiler Salze werden explizit Trometamol (EP-A 947 194), Natriumhydroxid (EP-A 947 194) und Zinknitrat (EP-A 1172110; US-A 2002/0027896) genannt.Loud EP-B 702 953 show dosage forms of solid salts over dosage forms from the free acid increased bioavailability and easier manufacturability. As salt formers stable salts are explicitly trometamol (EP-A 947 194), sodium hydroxide (EP-A 947 194) and zinc nitrate (EP-A 1172110; US-A 2002/0027896) called.
Auch Zink, ein essentielles Spurenelement, das für die Funktion einer Anzahl von Metalloproteinen erforderlich ist, hat verschiedene physiologische Wirkungen, die im Zusammenhang mit Diabetes stehen könnten.Also Zinc, an essential trace element responsible for the function of a number required by metalloproteins has different physiological Effects that could be related to diabetes.
So wurde ein Einfluss von Zink auf die Sensitivität gegenüber Insulin bereits angenommen (Faure et al., Biol Trace Element Res 32 (1992) 305–310). Da Zink Bestandteil von Insulin-Kristallen in Pankreaszellen ist, wurde auch eine Beteiligung von Zink-Transportern bei der molekularen Pathogenese von Diabetes diskutiert (Quraishi et al., Medical Hypothesis 65 (2005) 887–892). Marchesini et al. berichteten über eine ver besserte Klärung von Glukose aus dem Blut von Cirrhose-Patienten nach Gabe von Zink (Marchesini et al., Metabolism 47 (1998) 792–798)). Farvid et al stellten eine Verbesserung der Lipidwerte in Patienten mit Diabetes Typ II nach Gabe von Zink, Magnesium und den Vitaminen C und E in Kombination fest (Farvid et al. Diabetes Res Clinical Practise 65 (2004) 21–28). In einer weiteren Untersuchung berichtete die Gruppe um Farvid von einer Verbesserung der glomerulären Nierenfunktion bei Patienten mit Diabetes Typ II nach Verabreichung von Zink in Kombination mit Magnesium und Vitaminen (Farvid et al., Diabetes Care 28 (2005) 2458–2464).So An influence of zinc on the sensitivity to insulin was already assumed (Faure et al., Biol Trace Element Res 32 (1992) 305-310). There Zinc is an ingredient of insulin crystals in pancreatic cells also a participation of zinc transporters discussed in the molecular pathogenesis of diabetes (Quraishi et al., Medical Hypothesis 65 (2005) 887-892). Marchesini et al. reported one improved clarification of glucose from the blood of cirrhosis patients after administration of zinc (Marchesini et al., Metabolism 47 (1998) 792-798)). Farvid et al an improvement in lipid levels in patients with type II diabetes after administration of zinc, magnesium and vitamins C and E in combination (Farvid et al., Diabetes Res Clinical Practice 65 (2004) 21-28). In In a further investigation, the group around Farvid reported one Improvement of the glomerular Renal function in patients with type II diabetes after administration of zinc in combination with magnesium and vitamins (Farvid et al., Diabetes Care 28 (2005) 2458-2464).
So ist in EP-A 1 172 110 die Synthese von Zinksalzen der Liponsäure beschrieben. Beispielsweise fallen die Zinksalze der (R)-α-Liponsäure bzw. der racemischen α-Liponsäure jeweils als Dihydrat an. Derartige Metall-α-Lipoate sollen zur Herstellung eines Arzneimittels zur Behandlung von Krankheiten verwendet werden können, bei denen Liponsäure einen therapeutischen oder prophylaktischen Effekt hat und ein Mineralsalzmangel vorliegt. Aufgrund der Wirkung von α-Liponsäure und insbesondere von (R)-α-Liponsäure als Insulinsensitizer bei der Prävention und Therapie von Diabetes mellitus wird in der EP-A 1 172 110 daher angenommen, dass auch die darin beschriebenen Zinklipoate zur Behandlung solcher Störungen verwendet werden können.So EP-A 1 172 110 describes the synthesis of zinc salts of lipoic acid. For example, the zinc salts of (R) -α-lipoic acid and racemic α-lipoic acid respectively as dihydrate. Such metal α-lipoates are intended for the production a drug used to treat illnesses can, where lipoic acid has a therapeutic or prophylactic effect and a mineral salt deficiency is present. Due to the effect of α-lipoic acid and in particular of (R) -α-lipoic acid as Insulin sensitizer in prevention and therapy of diabetes mellitus is therefore disclosed in EP-A 1 172 110 assumed that also the zinc lipoates described therein for treatment such disorders can be used.
Der Erfindung lag die Aufgabe zugrunde, weitere Verwendungen für Zinksalze der α-Liponsäure anzugeben.Of the Invention was based on the object, other uses for zinc salts indicate the α-lipoic acid.
Ein
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Zinksalz der allgemeinen
Formel I
Lp
für α-Lipoat steht,
zur
Behandlung von Fettstoffwechselstörungen, die ausgewählt sind
unter Dyslipidämie, Übergewicht
und metabolischem Syndrom.An object of the present invention is a zinc salt of general formula I.
Lp represents α-lipoate,
for the treatment of disorders of lipid metabolism selected from dyslipidemia, obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Unter dem Begriff „α-Lipoat" werden das racemische α-Lipoat oder racemisches Dihydro-α-lipoat, die Enantiomeren (R)- oder (S)-α-Lipoat, (R)- oder (S)-Dihydro-α-lipoat sowie beliebige Mischungen der jeweiligen enantiomeren Formen (R) und (S) verstanden.Under the term "α-lipoate" are the racemic α-lipoate or racemic dihydro-α-lipoate, the enantiomeric (R) or (S) -α-lipoate, (R) - or (S) -dihydro-α-lipoate and any mixtures of the respective enantiomeric forms (R) and (S) understood.
Bevorzugt sind als Form des α-Lipoats das (R)-α-Lipoat sowie Mischungen aus (R)- und (S)-α-Lipoat, z.B. das Racemat oder Mischungen, bei denen das Mengenverhältnis R-Form zu S-Form größer als 1, z.B. R/S gleich 70/30 ist.Prefers are as a form of α-lipoate the (R) -α-lipoate and mixtures of (R) - and (S) -α-lipoate, e.g. the racemate or mixtures in which the ratio R-form to S-shape greater than 1, e.g. R / S is equal to 70/30.
Die Salze der Formel I können im festen Zustand als Hydrate oder Solvate vorliegen. Ein besonderes Salz der Formel I ist ein Dihydrat, d.h. Zn(Lp)2(H2O)2, wobei Lp insbesondere für racemisches α-Lipoat (rac-α-Lp) oder (R)-α-Lipoat ((R)-α-Lp) steht.The salts of the formula I can be present in the solid state as hydrates or solvates. A special Salt of the formula I is a dihydrate, ie Zn (Lp) 2 (H 2 O) 2 , where Lp is especially suitable for racemic α-lipoate (rac-α-Lp) or (R) -α-lipoate ((R) -α -Lp) stands.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen I erlauben die zeitgleiche Verabreichung von α-Liponsäure und einer zweiten, mit der α-Liponsäure ein Salz bildenden Zink-Komponente in Form eines stabilen Salzes.The Compounds of the invention I allow the simultaneous administration of α-lipoic acid and a second, with the α-lipoic acid Salt-forming zinc component in the form of a stable salt.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Salze besitzen ausreichende Stabilität und lassen sich durch ein kostengünstiges Verfahren herstellen.The salts according to the invention have sufficient stability and can be produced by a cost-effective process.
Insbesondere lassen sich die Salze der allgemeinen Formel I aus α-Liponsäure und zinkhaltigen Verbindungen, beispielsweise Zinknitrat, Zinkchlorid, Zinkhydroxid, Zinkiodid, Zinksulfat, Zinkcarbonat und Zink-organischen Verbindungen, beispielsweise Zinkacetat, Zinkstearat, Zinkgluconat oder Zinkorotat herstellen, indem man Alkalimetallsalze der α-Liponsäure in einem Lösungsmittel, vorzugsweise in wässrig-methanolischer Lösung, mit der zinkhaltigen Verbindung bei einer Temperatur im Bereich von 0 bis 80°C umsetzt und das resultierende Salz als Feststoff in an sich bekannter Weise gewinnt. Zweckmäßigerweise wird das Wertprodukt isoliert, indem man das Lösungsmittel zumindest zum Teil entfernt, den gebildeten Niederschlag gewinnt und gegebenenfalls weiteren an sich bekannten Maßnahmen zur Aufreinigung des Produktes unterwirft wie Waschen und/oder Umkristallisieren. Nach der Isolierung wird das Salz üblicherweise getrocknet.Especially let the salts of general formula I from α-lipoic acid and zinc containing compounds, for example zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, Zinc hydroxide, zinc iodide, zinc sulfate, zinc carbonate and zinc organic Compounds, for example zinc acetate, zinc stearate, zinc gluconate or Zinkorotat produce by alkali metal salts of α-lipoic acid in a Solvent, preferably in aqueous-methanolic Solution, with the zinc-containing compound at a temperature in the range from 0 to 80 ° C and the resulting salt as a solid in per se known Way wins. Conveniently, the product of value is isolated by at least part of the solvent removed, the precipitate formed wins and, where appropriate further measures known per se for purification of the product, such as washing and / or recrystallization. After isolation, the salt is usually dried.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Begriff „Dyslipidämie" sind Erkrankungen des Fettstoffwechsels gemeint, die mit anormalen Spiegeln von Lipiden einhergehen, welche in einer Körperflüssigkeit, insbesondere Blut und speziell Blutplasma, zirkulieren. Da die wichtigsten Lipide in der Regel nicht in freier Form zirkulieren, sondern über wiegend an Proteine gebunden sind und in Form von makromolekularen Komplexen (Lipoproteinen) transportiert werden, spricht man auch von Dyslipoproteinämien. Insbesondere richtet sich die vorliegenden Erfindung auf die Behandlung von Hyperlipidämien (entsprchend auch als Hyperlipoproteinämien zu bezeichnen), also erhöhte Lipid- bzw. Lipoproteinspiegel in Blutplasma.With used in the invention Term "dyslipidemia" are diseases fat metabolism meant with abnormal levels of lipids which in a body fluid, especially blood and especially blood plasma, circulate. Because the most important Lipids usually do not circulate in free form, but overweigh bound to proteins and in the form of macromolecular complexes (lipoproteins) be transported, one speaks of dyslipoproteinemias. Especially The present invention is directed to the treatment of hyperlipidemias (corresponding also as hyperlipoproteinemias to denote), so increased Lipid or lipoprotein levels in blood plasma.
Zu den wichtigsten in Blutplasma anzutreffenden Lipiden gehören vor allem Triglyceride, HDL-Cholesterin und LDL-Cholesterin. Ferner ist auch VLDL-Cholesterin im Blutplasma anzutreffen.To The most important lipids found in blood plasma are present all triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Further is also VLDL cholesterol in the blood plasma.
Mit einem anormalen Spiegel wird eine außerhalb des Normalbereichs liegende Konzentration des betreffenden Lipids in der Körperflüssigkeit, also insbesondere in Blutplasma, bezeichnet. Hierzu gehören insbesondere ein vergleichsweise hoher Triglyceridspiegel, z.B. ein Triglyceridspiegel von über 200 mg/100 ml Blutplasma, und ein vergleichsweise hoher LDL-Cholesterinspiegel, z.B. ein LDL-Cholesterinspiegel von über 130 mg/100 ml Blutplasma. Zu anormalen Spiegeln gehören auch ein vergleichsweise niedriger HDL-Cholesterinspiegel, z.B. ein HDL-Cholesterinspiegel von unter 35 mg/100 ml Blutplasma. Ferner steht auch ein vergleichsweise hohes LDL:HDL-Cholesterinverhältnis, z.B. ein LDL:HDL-Cholesterinverhältnis von über 3,5:1 und insbesondere von über 5:1 im Blutplasma, für einen anormalen Lipidspiegel.With an abnormal level becomes outside the normal range lying concentration of the relevant lipid in the body fluid, ie especially in blood plasma. These include in particular a comparatively high triglyceride level, e.g. a triglyceride level from above 200 mg / 100 ml of blood plasma, and a comparatively high LDL cholesterol level, e.g. an LDL cholesterol level of over 130 mg / 100 ml blood plasma. Belong to abnormal levels also a comparatively low HDL cholesterol level, e.g. an HDL cholesterol level of less than 35 mg / 100 ml blood plasma. Further is also a comparatively high LDL: HDL cholesterol ratio, e.g. an LDL: HDL cholesterol ratio of over 3.5: 1 and in particular from about 5: 1 in the blood plasma, for an abnormal lipid level.
Den Triglyceridspiegel bestimmt man in an sich bekannter Weise enzymatischkolorimetrisch. Hierzu werden Trigyceride in einem ersten Schritt durch Einwirkung von Lipoproteinlipase zu Glycerin und Fettsäuren hydrolysiert. In einem zweiten Schritt wird das gebildete Glycerin durch Einwirkung der Glycerinkinase zu Glycerin-3-phosphat phosphoryliert und anschließend durch Einwirkung der Glycerinoxidase zu Dihydroxyaceton und Wasserstoffperoxid umgesetzt. Letzteres führt in Anwesenheit von Peroxidase zur Bildung eines Chromogens, wobei die sich entwickelnde, spektrophotometrisch bestimmbare Farbe ein Maß für die Triglyceridmenge ist. Dieser Lipase/Kinase/Oxidase/Chromogen-Ansatz ist Grundlage vieler kommerziell (z.B. von Roche) erhältlicher Tests.The Triglyceride is determined by enzymatic colorimetry in a conventional manner. For this purpose, triglycerides in a first step by action hydrolyzed from lipoprotein lipase to glycerol and fatty acids. In one second step, the glycerol formed by the action of Glycerol kinase phosphorylated to glycerol-3-phosphate and then by Influence of glycerol oxidase to dihydroxyacetone and hydrogen peroxide implemented. The latter leads in the presence of peroxidase to form a chromogen, wherein the developing, spectrophotometrically determinable color Measure of the amount of triglycerides. This lipase / kinase / oxidase / chromogen approach is the basis of many commercially available (e.g., from Roche) Testing.
Den Gesamtcholesterinspiegel bestimmt man in an sich bekannter Weise enzymatischkolorimetrisch. Hierzu wird Cholesterinester in einem ersten Schritt durch Einwirkung von Cholesterinesterase gespalten. In einem zweiten Schritt ist die Einwirkung der Cholesterinoxidase an die Bildung eines Chromogens gekoppelt, wobei die sich entwickelnde, spektrophotometrisch bestimmbare Farbe ein Maß für die Cholesterinmenge ist. Dieser Esterase/Oxidase/Chromogen-Ansatz ist Grundlage vieler kommerziell (z.B. von Roche) erhältlicher Tests.The Total cholesterol is determined in a conventional manner enzymatischkolorimetrisch. For this purpose, cholesterol ester in a first step cleaved by the action of cholesterol esterase. In a second step is the action of cholesterol oxidase coupled to the formation of a chromogen, with the developing, spectrophotometrically determinable color is a measure of the amount of cholesterol. This Esterase / oxidase / chromogen approach is the basis of many commercial (e.g., from Roche).
Den HDL-Cholesterinspiegel bestimmt man in an sich bekannter Weise enzymatischkolorimetrisch mit Hilfe eines Eliminierungsanssatzes, demzufolge Cholesterin aus Nicht-HDL-Lipoproteinen durch Einwirkung von Tensid in einer primären nichtfarbbildenden Reaktion eliminiert wird. Es schließt sich die Bestimmung des gewonnenen HDL-Cholesterins mit dem für die Bestimmung des Gesamtcholesterins beschriebenen Esterase/Oxidase/Chromogen-Ansatzes an.The HDL cholesterol levels are determined by enzymatic colorimetry in a conventional manner with the help of an elimination theorem, consequently cholesterol Non-HDL lipoproteins by action of surfactant in a primary non-color-forming Reaction is eliminated. It concludes the determination of the won HDL cholesterol with the for the determination of total cholesterol esterase / oxidase / chromogen approach described at.
Der LDL-Cholesterinspiegel bestimmt sich in an sich bekannter Weise nach der Friedewald-Formel: LDL-Cholesterin = Gesamtcholesterin – (HDL-Cholesterin + (Trigyceride/5,0), wobei alle Konzentrationen in mg/dl anzugeben sind.Of the LDL cholesterol levels are determined in a manner known per se according to the Friedewald formula: LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol - (HDL cholesterol + (Triglycerides / 5.0), indicating all concentrations in mg / dl are.
Einer besonderen Ausführungsform zufolge betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung daher die Behandlung von Hyperlipidämien, sprich vergleichsweise hohen Triglycerid- und/oder LDL-Cholesterinspiegeln.one particular embodiment Accordingly, the present invention therefore relates to the treatment of hyperlipidemia, speak comparatively high triglyceride and / or LDL cholesterol levels.
Demzufolge betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung vor allem die Behandlung von Hypertriglyceridämien, sprich vergleichsweise hohen Triglyceridspigeln, Hypercholesterinämien, sprich vergleichsweise hohen LDL-Cholesterinspiegeln, oder kombinierten Hypertriglyceridämien und Hypercholesterinämien. Einer besonderen Ausführungsform zufolge betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung die Behandlung der vorstehend genannten Hypertriglyceridämien und/oder Hypercholesterinämien, bei denen auch ein vergleichsweise niedriger HDL-Cholesterinspiegel und/oder ein vergleichsweise hohes LDL:HDL-Cholesterinverhältnis vorliegt.As a result, In particular, the present invention relates to the treatment of Hypertriglyceridemias, speak comparatively high triglyceride levels, hypercholesterolemias, speak comparatively high LDL cholesterol levels, or combined hypertriglyceridaemias and hypercholesterolemias. A particular embodiment Accordingly, the present invention relates to the treatment of the above called hypertriglyceridemias and / or hypercholesterolemias, which also has a comparatively low HDL cholesterol level and / or a comparatively high LDL: HDL cholesterol ratio.
Während zu den erfindungsgemäß behandelbaren Dyslipidämien auch primäre Dyslipidämien gehören, beispielsweise familiäre Hypercholesterinämien und familiäre kombinierte Hyperlipidämien, richtet sich die erfindunsgemäße Behandlung vor allem auf sekundäre Dyslipidämien und insbesondere sekundäre Hyperlipidämien.While too the inventively treatable dyslipidemias also primary dyslipidemias belong, for example, family hypercholesterolemia and family combined hyperlipidemia, is the treatment according to the invention especially on secondary dyslipidemias and especially secondary Hyperlipidemia.
Ziel der erfindungsgemäßen Behandlung von Dyslipidämie ist es, anormalen Lipidspiegel vorzubeugen oder anormale Lipidspiegel so zu verändern, dass sie näher an oder im Normalbereich liegen. Hierzu gehören insbesondere das Absenken des LDL-Cholesterin-Spiegels, das Absenken des Triglyceridspiegels, das Anheben des HDL-Cholesterin-Spiegels, und das Anheben des Verhältnisses von HDL-Cholesterin zu LDL-Cholesterin. Eine solche Veränderung anormaler Lipidspiegel steht erfindungsgemäß für eine beobachtbare (bestimmbare) Veränderung wenigstens eines der genannten Lipidspiegel.aim the treatment according to the invention of dyslipidemia is to prevent abnormal lipid levels or abnormal lipid levels to change that way that they are closer on or in the normal range. This includes in particular the lowering the LDL cholesterol level, lowering the triglyceride level, raising the HDL cholesterol level, and raising the ratio from HDL cholesterol to LDL cholesterol. Such a change abnormal lipid level is according to the invention an observable (determinable) change at least one of the mentioned lipid levels.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung auf die Behandlung eines Individuums mit Übergewicht, insbesondere Obesität, gerichtet.According to one another embodiment is the use according to the invention directed to the treatment of an individual with obesity, especially obesity.
Mit Übergewicht bezeichnet man eine übermäßige Ansammlung von Körperfett, insbesondere bei einer stammbetonten Körperfettverteilung. Zur Bemessung des Körperfetts dient der BMI (Abkürzung für Body-Mass-Index, entsprechend der Formel: Körpergewicht [in kg] dividiert durch die Körpergröße zum Quadrat [in m2]), demzufolge ein Übergewicht bei einem BMI von 25 oder höher vorliegt. Einer besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung zufolge ist das Übergewicht eine Obesität, sprich der BMI beträgt beispielsweise 30 oder mehr.Overweight refers to an excessive accumulation of body fat, especially in a trunk-stressed body fat distribution. Body fat is measured by BMI (abbreviation for body mass index, according to the formula: body weight [in kg] divided by height squared [in m 2 ]), which indicates that the BMI is overweight at 25 or higher. According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the obesity is an obesity, ie the BMI is for example 30 or more.
Ziel der erfindungsgemäßen Behandlung von Übergewicht ist es, Übergewicht vorzubeugen oder den anormalen BMI so zu verändern, dass er näher an oder im Normalbereich liegen.aim the treatment according to the invention of overweight is it, overweight to prevent or change the abnormal BMI so that it is closer to or lie in the normal range.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung auf die Behandlung eines metabolischen Syndroms gerichtet.According to one another embodiment is the use according to the invention directed to the treatment of a metabolic syndrome.
Als metabolisches Syndrom bezeichnet man ein Krankheitsbild, bei dem mehrere Stoffwechselfunktionen gestört sind. Ein metabolisches Syndrom liegt erfindungsgemäß dann vor, wenn mindestens zwei Störungen gegeben sind, von denen die eine eine Fettstoffwechselstörung ist, insbesondere eine Dyslipidämie oder Übergewicht, wie oben definiert, und die andere ausgewählt ist unter einer weiteren Fettstoffwechselstörung, insbesondere unter einer Dyslipidämie oder Übergewicht, wie oben definierten; einem vergleichsweise hohen Blutdruck z.B. einem Blutdruck von über 140/90 mm Hg, insbesondere einer arteriellen Hypertonie; einer Kohlenhydratstoff wechselstörung, insbesondere einer Insulinresistenz (Hyperinsulinämie) und/oder einer gestörten Glucosetoleranz (z.B. bei Blutzuckerwerten von über 140 mg/dl Blut zwei Stunden nach Einnahme von 100 g in 400 ml Wasser aufgelöster Glucose; entsprechend dem oralen Glukosetoleranztest); und – speziell bei weiblichen Individuen – einer Hyperandrogenämie, insbesondere einer androiden Muskelfaserkomposition.When Metabolic syndrome is a disease in which several metabolic functions are disturbed. A metabolic Syndrome is according to the invention then, if at least two disorders of which one is a lipid metabolism disorder, especially dyslipidemia or obesity, as defined above, and the other is selected from another Lipid metabolism disorder, especially under dyslipidaemia or overweight as defined above; a comparatively high blood pressure e.g. a blood pressure of over 140/90 mm Hg, in particular arterial hypertension; a carbohydrate metabolism, in particular insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemia) and / or impaired glucose tolerance (For example, at blood sugar levels of over 140 mg / dl of blood two hours after taking 100 g in 400 ml of water resolved Glucose; according to the oral glucose tolerance test); and specially in female individuals - one hyperandrogenism, especially an android muscle fiber composition.
Ziel der erfindungsgemäßen Behandlung eines metabolischen Syndroms ist es, der zugrundeliegenden Fettstoffwechselstörung vorzubeugen, oder anormale Lipidspiegel und/oder einen anormalen BMI so zu verändern, dass sie bzw. er näher an oder im Normalbereich liegen. Ein weiteres Ziel ist es, weiteren einem metabolischen Syndrom zugrundeliegenden Störungen vorzubeugen oder zu einer Normalisierung solcher Störungen beizutragen.aim the treatment according to the invention of a metabolic syndrome is to prevent the underlying lipid metabolism disorder, or abnormal lipid levels and / or an abnormal BMI to change so that she or he closer on or in the normal range. Another goal is to continue Prevent or prevent disorders underlying a metabolic syndrome a normalization of such disorders contribute.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen der Formel I vermögen auch die Bildung von AGEs und/oder ALEs zu hemmen. Sie sind daher als AGE- und/oder ALE-Hemmer brauchbar. Ihre Verwendung als AGE- und/oder ALE-Hemmer kann insbesondere therapeutischen Zwecken, aber auch der Nahrungsergänzung oder einer diätetischen Ernährungsstrategie dienen. Ein Aspekt der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung ist die Behandlung AGE- und/oder ALE-bezogener Komplikationen.The Compounds of the invention of the formula I. also inhibit the formation of AGEs and / or ALEs. They are therefore useful as AGE and / or ALE inhibitor. Their use as AGE and / or ALE inhibitors may be particularly therapeutic purposes, as well the nutritional supplement or a dietary one food strategy serve. One aspect of the use according to the invention is the treatment AGE and / or ALE-related complications.
AGEs (die Abkürzung für den englischen Begriff „ Advanced Glycation Endproducts) sind von Kohlenhydraten abgeleitete chemische Modifikationen von Proteinen. ALEs (die Abkürzung für den englischen Begriff „Advanced Lipoxidation Endproducts") sind von Lipiden abgeleitete chemische Modifikationen von Proteinen. Beide können zu einer in der Regel irreversiblen Quervernetzung von Proteinen führen. Insbesondere dann, wenn langlebige Proteine davon betroffen sind, kann die Akkumulierung von AGEs und/oder ALEs zu Komplikationen führen, die behandlungsbedürftig sind. Insbesondere soll die erfindungsgemäße AGE- und/oder ALE-Hemmung Schäden an Mitochondrien und/oder Zellkernen zu verringern helfen.AGEs (the abbreviation for the English term "Advanced Glycation end products) are carbohydrate-derived chemical Modifications of proteins. ALEs (the abbreviation for the English term "Advanced Lipoxidation Endproducts ") are lipid-derived chemical modifications of proteins. Both can to a usually irreversible cross-linking of proteins to lead. Especially when long-lived proteins are affected, The accumulation of AGEs and / or ALEs can lead to complications to lead, the need of treatment are. In particular, the inventive AGE and / or ALE inhibition damage to help mitochondria and / or reduce cell nuclei.
Die Bildung von AGEs und/oder ALEs ist ein fortwährender Prozess. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass mit zunehmendem Alter eines Organismus AGEs und/oder ALEs akkumulieren und so zunehmend altersbedingte Komplikationen verursachen können. Andererseits können bestimmte Störungen eines Organismus, z.B. eine Hyperglykämie oder eine Hyperlipidämie, die Bildung von AGEs und/oder ALEs verstärken und hier über weitere, mit der verstärkten AGE- und/oder ALE-Bindung in Zusammenhang stehende Komplikationen verursachen.The Forming AGEs and / or ALEs is an ongoing process. It is of it assume that with age of an organism AGEs and / or ALEs accumulate and thus increasingly age-related complications can cause. On the other hand certain disorders an organism, e.g. a hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia, the Formation of AGEs and / or ALEs and here with the reinforced Cause AGE and / or ALE-related complications.
Ein AGE- und/oder ALE-Hemmer vermag die Bildung von AGEs und/oder ALEs zu hemmen. Mit dem Begriff „Hemmung" ist gemeint, dass die Bildung von AGEs und/oder ALEs vergleichsweise geringer ist. Der Begriff „Hemmung" reicht daher von einer Verminderung bis hin zu einer vollständigen Unterdrückung der AGE- und/oder ALE-Bildung. Verabreicht man einem Organismus einen AGE- und/oder ALE-Hemmer, so wird dieser Organismus vergleichsweise weniger AGEs und/oder ALEs bilden als ohne die Verabreichung des AGE- und/oder ALE-Hemmers.One AGE and / or ALE inhibitors can cause the formation of AGEs and / or ALEs to inhibit. By the term "inhibition" is meant that the formation of AGEs and / or ALEs is comparatively lower. The term "inhibition" therefore suffices a reduction to a complete suppression of the AGE and / or ALE formation. If an organism is given an AGE and / or ALE inhibitors, this organism becomes comparatively less AGEs and / or ALEs form as without the administration of AGE and / or ALE inhibitor.
Zu AGEs und ALEs gehören insbesondere Protein-Addukte, wie solche, die im Zuge von Maillard-Reaktionen gebildet werden. Dies können reversible Schiffbasen-Addukte und Amadori-Addukte von Zuckern wie z.B. Glukose mit Proteinen, sowie Post-Amadori-Produkte von eher irreversibler Natur sein. AGE- und/oder ALE-Hemmer können an einer beliebigen Stelle derartiger Reaktionsabfolgen (z.B. dem sogenannten Hodge-Weg, Wolff-Weg oder Namiki-Weg) eingreifen und damit die Bildung von AGEs und/oder ALEs hemmen. Insbesondere gehören zu AGEs und ALEs Nε-(Carboxymethyl)-lysin (CML) und Nε-(Carboxyethyl)-lysin (CEL), Pentosidin, Malondialdehyd-lysin (MDA-LYS) und Hydroxynonenal-lysin (HNE-LYS).In particular, AGEs and ALEs include protein adducts such as those formed in Maillard reactions. These may be reversible Schiff base adducts and Amadori adducts of sugars such as glucose with proteins, as well as post-Amadori products of rather irreversible nature. AGE and / or ALE inhibitors can intervene at any point in such reaction sequences (eg the so-called Hodge path, Wolff path or Namiki path) and thus inhibit the formation of AGEs and / or ALEs. In particular, belonging to AGEs and ALEs N ε - (carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) and N ε - (carboxyethyl) lysine (CEL), pentosidine, malondialdehyde-lysine (MDA-LYS) and hydroxynonenal-lysine (LYS-HNE).
Außerdem sind die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen der Formel I zur Behandlung von oxidativem Stress und den damit einhergehenden Erkrankungen geeignet, insbesondere von Alterungsprozessen.Besides, they are the compounds of the invention the formula I for the treatment of oxidative stress and the so associated diseases, in particular of aging processes.
Unter oxidativem Stress versteht man eine Situation, bei der die Bildung reaktiver Sauerstoff- und Stickstoffspezies endogenen oder exogenen Ursprungs deren Neutralisierung überwiegt.Under oxidative stress is a situation where the formation reactive oxygen and nitrogen species endogenous or exogenous Origin whose neutralization predominates.
Zu Alterungsprozessen gehören insbesondere die oben beschriebenen chemischen Modifikationen von Proteinen. Somit können erfindungsgemäß insbesondere altersbedingte Störungen und vor allem altersbedingte Formen der vorstehend beschriebenen Störungen und Erkrankungen behandelt werden.To Aging processes belong in particular the above-described chemical modifications of Proteins. Thus, you can particularly according to the invention age-related disorders and especially age-related forms of those described above disorders and diseases are treated.
Deshalb gewinnt die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung bei erwachsenen Individuen mit zunehmendem Lebensalter an Bedeutung. Beim Menschen bringt die Behandlung in der Gruppe der über 40-jährigen und vor allem der über 50-jährigen besondere Vorteile mit sich. Übergewichtige Individuen stellen eine weitere Gruppe vorteilhaft behandelbarer Individuen dar. Hierzu gehören auch übergewichtige Nutz- und Haustiere, z.B. übergewichtige Hunde oder Katzen.Therefore wins the treatment according to the invention in adult individuals with increasing age in importance. In humans, the treatment brings in the group of over 40 years and especially the over 50 years special advantages with it. Overweight Individuals make another group more treatable Individuals. These include also overweight Pets and pets, e.g. overweight Dogs or cats.
Die erfindungsgemäß zu behandelnden Fettstoffwechselstörungen, vor allem ein metabolisches Syndrom, aber auch oxidativer Stress, können weitere Störungen, vor allem diabetische, kardiovaskuläre, neurodegenerative Störungen und Erkrankungen, die mit chronischem Nierenversagen und/oder Dialysebehandlung einhergehen, nach sich ziehen. Die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung ist daher insbesondere im Sinne der Prävention, d.h. der Verringerung der Inzidenz daher Folgeerkrankungen, insbesondere den nachstehend beschriebenen Störungen, von Bedeutung.The to be treated according to the invention Dyslipidemia, especially a metabolic syndrome, but also oxidative stress, can further disturbances, especially diabetic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative disorders and Diseases associated with chronic renal failure and / or dialysis treatment go along. The treatment according to the invention is therefore particular in the sense of prevention, i.e. the reduction of the incidence therefore secondary diseases, in particular the disorders described below, significant.
Unter diabetischen Störungen versteht man Störungen des Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels. Es handelt sich um ein durch Hyperglykämie gekennzeichnetes Syndrom, das mit einer verminderten Insulinsekretion und/oder Insulinwirkung einhergeht, also insbesondere Insulinresistenz-bedingte Hyperglykämien. Hierzu zählen vor allem Diabetes Typ I und insbesondere Diabetes Typ II sowie weitere Störungen diabetogener Genese. Zu Störungen diabetogener Ursache gehören vor allem Erkrankungen, die auf hyperglykämische und/oder hyperinsulinämische Zustände zurückzuführen sind. Dies sind vor allem mikro- und makrovaskuläre Komplikationen, die zu Nerven- und Blutgefäßerkrankungen führen, wie Neuropathien, Nephropathien und Retinopathien bzw. Aterosklerose, sowie die darauf zurückzuführenden Folgeerkrankungen, wie Katarakt, Erblindung, Nierenversagen und/oder Amputationen.Diabetic disorders are disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. It deals is a syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia, which is associated with a decreased insulin secretion and / or insulin action, ie in particular insulin resistance-related hyperglycaemia. These include mainly diabetes type I and especially diabetes type II and other disorders of diabetogenic genesis. Disturbances of diabetogenic cause include, in particular, diseases attributable to hyperglycemic and / or hyperinsulinemic conditions. These are, in particular, micro- and macrovascular complications which lead to diseases of the nerves and blood vessels, such as neuropathies, nephropathies and retinopathies or atherosclerosis, and the associated secondary diseases, such as cataract, blindness, kidney failure and / or amputations.
Unter kardiovaskulären Störungen versteht man Störungen des Herzkreislaufsystems. Hierzu gehören insbesondere Hochdruckerkrankungen, z.B. Hypertonie, d.h. ein erhöhter systolischer und/oder diastolischer Blutdruck, Arteriosklerose und vor allem Atherosklerose, koronare Herzkrankheit (die verschiedenen Formen von Angina und Herzinfarkt eingeschlossen), Herzinsuffizienz und Herzrhythmusstörungen.Under cardiovascular disorders understand disturbances of the cardiovascular system. These include in particular high-pressure diseases, e.g. Hypertension, i. an elevated one systolic and / or diastolic blood pressure, arteriosclerosis and especially atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease (the various Forms of angina and heart attack included), heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias.
Unter neurodegenerativen Störungen versteht man insbesondere solche Störungen, die mit Alterungsprozessen alterungsassoziierte neurodegenerative Störungen, demye linisierenden Prozessen, ischämischen Ereignissen und/oder weiteren morphologischen Veränderungen, die mit neuronalen Veränderungen und insbesondere Defiziten einhergehen, z.B. Infektionen, Traumata, Tumoren, Ablagerungen und/oder diffusen hirnatrophischen Veränderungen, in Zusammenhang stehen. Zu solchen neurodegenerativen Störungen gehören Beeinträchtigungen mentaler Funktionen, vor allem Demenz, insbesondere cerebrovaskuläre Demenz und Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ, z.B. senile Demenz und Alzheimer-Erkrankung, insbesondere intellektuelle Defizite, wie Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen (attention deficit disorders), amnesische und kognitive Störungen, z.B. Lern- und Gedächtnisschwäche (impaired cognitive function); Multiple Sklerose; Parkinson und Epilepsie.Under neurodegenerative disorders one understands in particular such disturbances, which with aging processes Aging-associated neurodegenerative disorders, demye-linings Processes, ischemic events and / or other morphological changes associated with neural changes and in particular deficits, e.g. Infections, traumas, Tumors, deposits and / or diffuse brain atrophic changes, being related. Such neurodegenerative disorders include impairments mental functions, especially dementia, especially cerebrovascular dementia and dementia of the Alzheimer's type, e.g. senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease, in particular intellectual deficits, such as attention disorders (attention deficit disorders), amnesic and cognitive disorders, e.g. Learning and memory weakness (impaired cognitive function); Multiple sclerosis; Parkinson's and epilepsy.
Zu Erkrankungen, die mit chronischem Nierenversagen und/oder Dialysebehandlung einhergehen, gehören insbesondere Gefäßkomplikationen, wie Funktionsstörungen der cerebralen, kardialen, mesenterialen und peripheren Vaskulatur und die damit zusammenhängenden Erkrankungszustände bzw. deren Symptome. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise die Thrombenbildung im Gefäßsystem des zu behandelnden Individuums, also insbesondere Thrombosen venöser und arterieller Art, insbesondere tiefe Venenthrombosen, periphere Verschlusskrankheiten, Shunt-Thrombosen, Katheterthrombosen, Thromboembolien, instabile Angina pectoris, Herzinfarkt und Schlaganfall. Zu Faktoren, die das Risiko für solche Gefäßkomplikationen erhöhen, gehören sowohl Störungen des Gerinnungssystems, insbesondere AT-III-Defizite und erhöhte Fibrinogenspiegel, Thrombocytose, HIT, als auch Hypertonie und Vorerkrankungen wie koronare Herzkrankheit, Diabetes oder weitere Gefäßerkrankungen. Zu Erkrankungen, die mit chronischem Nierenversagen und/oder Dialysebehandlung einhergehen, gehören des Weiteren auch eine AB-Amyloidose, eine Demenz und ein Karpaltunnelsyndrom.To Diseases associated with chronic renal failure and / or dialysis treatment go hand in hand especially vascular complications, like malfunctions cerebral, cardiac, mesenteric and peripheral vasculature and the related ones disease states or their symptoms. Which includes For example, the formation of thrombi in the vascular system of the treated Individual, ie in particular thromboses of venous and arterial type, in particular deep vein thrombosis, peripheral occlusive disease, shunt thrombosis, Catheter thrombosis, thromboembolism, unstable angina pectoris, Heart attack and stroke. On factors that increase the risk for such vascular complications increase, belong both disorders of the coagulation system, in particular AT III deficits and increased fibrinogen levels, thrombocytosis, HIT, as well as hypertension and pre-existing conditions such as coronary heart disease, Diabetes or other vascular diseases. To diseases associated with chronic renal failure and / or dialysis treatment go hand in hand also AB amyloidosis, dementia and carpal tunnel syndrome.
Mit dem Begriff „Behandlung" ist sowohl die Behandlung einer bereits vorliegenden Fettstoffwechselstörung als auch die prophylaktische Behandlung zu Verhinderung einer solchen gemeint, wozu auch eine zeitliche Verzögerung des Auftretens zählt.With The term "treatment" is both the treatment an existing lipid metabolism disorder as well as the prophylactic Treatment meant to prevent such, including one delay of occurrence counts.
Die Behandlung kann kurzzeitig erfolgen, mittelfristig ausgerichtet sein, oder es kann sich auch um eine Langzeitbehandlung, beispielsweise im Rahmen einer Erhaltungstherapie, handeln.The Treatment may be short term, medium term be, or it can also be a long-term treatment, for example as part of a maintenance therapy, act.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung der Verbindungen der Formel I beinhaltet im Rahmen der Behandlung ein Verfahren. Dabei wird dem zu behandelnden Individuum, vorzugsweise einem Säuger, insbesondere einem Menschen, und auch einem Nutz- oder Haustier, z.B. eines Hundes oder einer Katze, eine wirksame Menge einer oder mehrer Verbindungen der Formel I, in der Regel der pharmazeutischen, tierarzneilichen oder lebensmitteltechnologischen Praxis entsprechend formuliert, verabreicht.The use according to the invention of the compounds of formula I is included in the treatment a procedure. In this case, the individual to be treated, preferably a mammal, in particular a human, and also a commercial or pet, e.g. of a dog or a cat, an effective amount of one or more compounds of the formula I, usually the pharmaceutical, veterinary or formulated according to food technology practice.
Im Rahmen der Nahrungsergänzung wird die mit der normalen Ernährung gewährleistete Zufuhr ergänzt. In diesem Sinne ist der erfindungsgemäße Wirkstoff als Kombination zweier, unter Umständen auch mit der gewöhnlichen Nahrung aufgenommener Wirkstoffe als Nährstoffkombination zu betrachten. Zweck dieser Nahrungsergänzung kann es sein, entsprechende Ernährungsmängel auszugleichen oder eine über der mit üblicher Ernährung gewährleisteten Menge liegende Zufuhr dieser Wirkstoffe sicherzustellen. So dient die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung zur Nahrungsergänzung auch ernährungsphysiologischen Zwecken, insbesondere der Behandlung entsprechender Mangelerscheinungen bzw. der Veränderung bestimmter Zustände eines Individuums, die mit einer nahrungsergänzenden Zufuhr der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombination ausgeglichen bzw. bewirkt werden können. Zu den Ausfallerscheinungen und veränderbaren Zuständen gehören die nachfolgend aufgeführten, erfindungsgemäß behandelbaren Störungen bzw. erzielbaren Effekte.in the Framework of nutritional supplement will be with the normal diet guaranteed Feed supplements. In this sense, the active ingredient according to the invention is a combination two, maybe even with the ordinary To look at food intake of active ingredients as a nutrient combination. Purpose of this nutritional supplement It may be necessary to compensate for corresponding nutritional deficiencies or one over the usual nutrition guaranteed Ensuring a sufficient supply of these active substances. So serves the use according to the invention for nutritional supplements also nutritional Purposes, in particular the treatment of corresponding deficiency symptoms or the change certain states an individual balanced with a nutritionally supplemental supply of the active ingredient combination according to the invention or can be effected. The failure phenomena and changeable states include the listed below, Treatable according to the invention disorders or achievable effects.
Die Behandlung erfolgt in der Regel durch einmalige oder mehrmalige tägliche Verabreichung gegebenenfalls zusammen oder im Wechsel mit anderen Wirkstoffen oder wirkstoffhaltigen Präparaten, so dass einem zu behandelnden Individuum eine Tagesdosis von etwa 0,1 mg bis 5 g, vorzugsweise von etwa 1 mg bis 2 g, besonders vorzugsweise 10 mg bis 0,5 g einer oder mehrerer Verbindungen der Formel I bei oraler Gabe, sowie von etwa 0,1 mg bis 5 g, vorzugsweise von etwa 50 mg bis 1,5 g einer oder mehrerer Verbindungen der Formel I bei parenteraler Gabe verabreicht wird.The Treatment is usually done by one or more times daily Administration, if appropriate together or in alternation with others Active substances or active substance-containing preparations, so that one to be treated Individual a daily dose of about 0.1 mg to 5 g, preferably from about 1 mg to 2 g, more preferably 10 mg to 0.5 g of a or more compounds of the formula I in the case of oral administration, as well as of about 0.1 mg to 5 g, preferably from about 50 mg to 1.5 g of a or more compounds of the formula I administered parenterally becomes.
Zu den Mitteln gehören insbesondere pharmazeutische Mittel, Nahrungsergänzungsmittel und Nahrungsmittel, insbesondere funktionelle und diätetische Nahrungsmittel Die erfindungsgemäßen Nahrungsmittel besitzen neben einer vorwiegend ernährungsbezogenen Funktion zusätzlich eine wirkstoffbezogene Funktion. Sie werden daher als funktionale oder diätetische Lebens- oder Nahrungsmittel bezeichnet. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel dienen zur Ergänzung der täglichen Ernährung mit der erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffkombination, wobei die nährwertbezogene Funktion des Nahrungsergänzungsmittels für sich genommen in den Hintergrund tritt. Zu den Nahrungs- und Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln gehören auch Futter- bzw. Futterergänzungsmittel, insbesondere Futter bzw. Futterergänzungsmittel für Haustiere, wie Hunde und Katzen.To belong to the means in particular pharmaceutical agents, dietary supplements and food, especially functional and dietary Foodstuffs The foods according to the invention have in addition to a predominantly nutrition-related Additional function an active substance-related function. They are therefore considered functional or dietary Food or food called. Dietary supplements serve as a supplement the daily nutrition with the active ingredient combination according to the invention, wherein the nutritional Function of the dietary supplement for themselves Taken into the background. To the food and nutritional supplements belong also feed or feed supplements, in particular Feed or feed supplement for pets, like dogs and cats.
Die Formulierungsgrundlage erfindungsgemäßer Formulierungen enthält physiologisch akzeptable Hilfsstoffe. Physiologisch akzeptabel sind die im Bereich der Pharmazie, der Nahrungsmitteltechnologie und angrenzenden Gebieten bekanntermaßen verwendbaren Hilfsstoffe, insbesondere die in einschlägigen Arzneibüchern (z.B. DAB, Ph. Eur., BP, NF) gelisteten, und auch andere Hilfsstoffe, deren Eigenschaften einer physiologischen Anwendung nicht entgegenstehen. Hilfsstoffe im erfindungsgemäßen Sinne können auch einen Nährwert besitzen und deshalb allgemein als Nahrungskomponente verwendet werden. Auch essentielle Nährstoffe können dazu gehören.The Formulation basis of formulations according to the invention contains physiological acceptable excipients. Physiologically acceptable are those in the field pharmacy, food technology and adjacent areas known usable excipients, especially those in relevant pharmacopoeias (e.g. DAB, Ph. Eur., BP, NF), and also other excipients, whose properties do not conflict with a physiological application. Excipients in the sense of the invention can also a nutritional value and therefore commonly used as a nutritional component become. Also essential nutrients can this includes.
Geeignete Hilfsstoffe können sein: Netzmittel, emulgierende und suspendierende Mittel, konservierende Mittel, Antioxidantien, Antireizstoffe, Chelatbildner, Dragierhilfsmittel, Emulsionsstabilisatoren, Filmbildner, Gelbildner, Geruchsmaskierungsmittel, Geschmackskorrigentien, Harze, Hydrokolloide, Lösemittel, Lösungsvermittler, Neutralisierungsmittel, Permeationsbeschleuniger, Pigmente, quaternäre Ammoniumverbindungen, Rückfettungs- und Überfettungsmittel, Salben-, Creme- oder Öl-Grundstoffe, Silikon-Derivate, Spreithilfsmittel, Stabilisatoren, Sterilanzien, Suppositoriengrundlagen, Tabletten-Hilfsstoffe, wie Bindemittel, Füllstoffe, Gleitmittel, Sprengmittel oder Überzüge, Treibmittel, Trocknungsmittel, Trübungsmittel, Verdickungsmittel, Wachse, Weichmacher, Weißöle. Eine diesbezügliche Ausgestaltung beruht auf fachmännischem Wissen, wie beispielsweise in Fiedler, H.P., Lexikon der Hilfsstoffe für Pharmazie, Kosmetik und angrenzende Gebiete, 4. Auflage, Aulendorf: ECV-Editio-Cantor-Verlag, 1996, dargestellt ist.suitable Excipients can Wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, preservatives Agents, antioxidants, anti-irritants, chelating agents, dragee additives, Emulsion stabilizers, film formers, gelling agents, odor masking agents, Flavoring agents, resins, hydrocolloids, solvents, solubilizers, neutralizing agents, Permeation accelerators, pigments, quaternary ammonium compounds, refatting and superfatting agents, Ointment, cream or oil bases, Silicone derivatives, spreaders, stabilizers, sterilants, Suppository bases, tablet excipients, such as binders, fillers, Lubricants, disintegrants or coatings, blowing agents, Drying agent, opacifiers, Thickeners, waxes, softeners, white oils. A related embodiment based on expert Knowledge, such as in Fiedler, H.P., Lexicon of excipients for pharmacy, Cosmetics and adjacent areas, 4th edition, Aulendorf: ECV Editio Cantor Verlag, 1996, shown is.
Nahrungskomponenten enthalten in der Regel eine oder mehrere Aminosäuren, Kohlenhydrate oder Fette und sind für die menschliche und/oder tierische Ernährung geeignet. Sie umfassen Einzelkomponenten, häufig pflanzliche aber auch tierische Produkte, insbesondere Zucker gegebenenfalls in Form von Sirups, Fruchtzubereitungen, wie Fruchtsäfte, Nektar, Fruchtpulpen, Pürees oder getrocknete Früchte, beispielsweise Apfelsaft, Grapefruitsaft, Orangensaft, Apfelmus, Tomatensauce, Tomatensaft, Tomatenpüree; Getreideprodukte, wie Weizenmehl, Roggenmehl, Hafermehl, Maismehl, Gerstenmehl, Dinkelmehl, Maissirup, sowie Stärken der genannten Getreide; Milchprodukte, wie Milcheiweiß, Molke, Joghurt, Lecithin und Milchzucker. Typische Beispiele für Nahrungskomponenten sind Kleinkindnahrung, Frühstückszubereitungen, vor allem in Form von Müslis oder Riegeln, Sportlerdrinks, Komplettmahlzeiten, insbesondere im Rahmen von total bilanzierten Diäten, die oral oder enteral appliziert werden können, diätetische Zubereitungen, wie Diätdrinks, Diätmahlzeiten und Diätriegel.food components usually contain one or more amino acids, carbohydrates or fats and are for suitable for human and / or animal nutrition. They include Single components, common vegetable and also animal products, in particular sugar, if appropriate in the form of syrups, fruit preparations, such as fruit juices, nectar, Fruit pulps, purees or dried fruits, for example, apple juice, grapefruit juice, orange juice, applesauce, Tomato sauce, tomato juice, tomato puree; Cereal products, like Wheat flour, Rye flour, Oatmeal, Corn flour, Barley flour, Spelled flour, Corn syrup, as well as starches the said cereals; Dairy products, such as milk protein, whey, Yogurt, lecithin and lactose. Typical examples of food components are toddler food, breakfast preparations, especially in the form of cereals or bars, sports drinks, complete meals, especially in the Framework of fully balanced diets, which can be administered orally or enterally, dietetic preparations, such as Diet drinks diet meals and diet bars.
Zu den essentiellen Nährstoffen zählen insbesondere Vitamine, Provitamine, Mineralstoffe, Spurenelemente, Aminosäuren und Fettsäuren. Als essentielle Aminosäuren seien genannt Isoleucin, Leucin, Lysin, Methionin, Phenylalanin, Threonin, Tryptophan und Valin. Dazu gehören auch semi-essentielle Aminosäuren, die beispielsweise in Wachstumsphasen oder Mangelzuständen zugeführt werden müssen, wie Glutamin, Arginin, Histidin, Cystein und Tyrosin. Als Spurenelemente seien genannt: essentielle Spurenelemente und Mineralstoffe, deren Notwendigkeit für den Menschen erwiesen ist und deren Mangel zur Manifestation klinischer Symptome führt: Eisen, Kupfer, Zink, Chrom, Selen, Calcium, Magnesium, Kalium, Mangan, Cobalt, Molybdän, Iod, Silicium, Fluor. Ebenso Elemente, deren Funktion für den Menschen noch nicht genügend gesichert ist: Zinn, Nickel, Vanadium, Arsen, Lithium, Blei, Bor. Als für den Menschen essentielle Fettsäuren seien genannt: Linolsäure und Linolensäure, ARA (Arachidonsäure) und DHA (Docosahexaensäure) für Säuglinge und möglicherweise EPA (Eicosapentaensäure) und DHA auch für Erwachsene. Eine umfassende Aufzählung von Vitaminen findet sich in "Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr", 1. Auflage, Umschau Braus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 2000, herausgegeben von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung.To the essential nutrients counting especially vitamins, provitamins, minerals, trace elements, amino acids and fatty acids. As essential amino acids may be mentioned isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, Threonine, tryptophan and valine. These include semi-essential amino acids that be supplied for example in growth phases or deficiencies have to, such as glutamine, arginine, histidine, cysteine and tyrosine. As trace elements may be mentioned: essential trace elements and minerals whose Need for Man is proven and their deficiency manifestation of clinical symptoms leads: Iron, copper, zinc, chromium, selenium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, manganese, Cobalt, molybdenum, iodine, Silicon, fluorine. Likewise, elements whose function for humans not enough is secured: tin, nickel, vanadium, arsenic, lithium, lead, boron. As for humans essential fatty acids may be mentioned: linoleic acid and linolenic acid, ARA (arachidonic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) for infants and possibly EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA too for Adults. A comprehensive list of vitamins can be found in "reference values for the Nutrient Supply ", 1st Edition, Umschau Braus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 2000, edited by the Germans Organisation for; society for; party for Nutrition.
Beispiele geeigneter pharmazeutischer Formulierungen sind feste Arzneiformen, wie Pulver, Puder, Granulate, Tabletten, insbesondere Filmtabletten, Pastillen, Sachets, Cachets, Dragees, Kapseln wie Hart- und Weichgelatinekapseln, Suppositorien oder vaginale Arzneiformen, halbfeste Arzneiformen, wie Salben, Cremes, Hydrogele, Pasten oder Pflaster, sowie flüssige Arzneiformen, wie Lösungen, Emulsionen, insbesondere Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen, Suspensionen, beispielsweise Lotionen, Injektions- und Infusionszubereitungen, Augen- und Ohrentropfen. Auch implantierte Abgabevorrichtungen können zur Verabreichung erfindungsgemäßer Wirkstoffe verwendet werden. Ferner können auch Liposomen oder Mikrosphären zur Anwendung kommen. In jedem Fall können die Wirkstoffe jeweils gegebenenfalls mit entsprechenden Hilfs- und Trägerstoffen kombiniert werden.Examples suitable pharmaceutical formulations are solid dosage forms, such as powders, powders, granules, tablets, in particular film-coated tablets, Pastilles, sachets, cachets, dragees, capsules such as hard and soft gelatine capsules, Suppositories or vaginal drug forms, semi-solid dosage forms, such as ointments, creams, hydrogels, pastes or patches, as well as liquid dosage forms, like solutions, Emulsions, in particular oil-in-water emulsions, Suspensions, for example lotions, injection and infusion preparations, Eye and ear drops. Implanted delivery devices can also be used for Administration of active compounds according to the invention be used. Furthermore, can also liposomes or microspheres come into use. In any case, the active ingredients can each optionally combined with appropriate excipients and carriers.
Als Hilfs- und Trägerstoffe kommen zum Beispiel Stoffe in Frage wie Füllstoffe, Konservierungsmittel, Tablettensprengmittel, Fließreguliermittel, Weichmacher, Netzmittel, Dispergiermittel, Emulgatoren, Lösungsmittel, Retardierungsmittel oder Antioxidantien. Beispiele für die Träger- und Hilfsstoffe sind Gelatine, natürliche Zucker wie Rohrzucker oder Milchzucker, Lecithin, Pektin, Stärke (zum Beispiel Maisstärke oder Amylose), Cyclodextrine und Cyclodextrinderivate, Dextran, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polyvinylacetat, Gummi arabicum, Alginsäure, Tylose, Talkum, Lycopodium, Kieselsäure, Cellulose, Cellulosederivate (zum Beispiel Celluloseether, bei denen die Cellulose-Hydroxygruppen teilweise mit niederen gesättigten aliphatischen Alkoholen und/oder niederen gesättigten aliphatischen Oxyalkoholen verethert sind, zum Beispiel Methyloxypropylcellulose, Methylcellulose, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulosephthalat); Fettsäuren sowie Magnesium-, Calcium- oder Aluminiumsalze von Fettsäuren mit 12 bis 22 C-Atomen, insbesondere der gesättigten (zum Beispiel Stearate), Emulgatoren, Öle und Fette, insbesondere pflanzliche (zum Beispiel Erdnussöl, Rizinusöl, Olivenöl, Sesamöl, Baumwollsaatöl, Maisöl, Weizenkeimöl, Sonnenblumensamenöl, Kabeljau-Leberöl, jeweils auch hydriert); Glycerinester und Polyglycerinester aus gesättigten Fettsäuren C12H24O2 bis C18H36O2 und deren Gemische, wobei die Glycerin-Hydroxygruppen vollständig oder auch nur teilweise verestert sind (zum Beispiel Mono-, Di- und Triglyceride); pharmazeutisch verträgliche ein- oder mehrwertige Alkohole und Polyglykole wie Polyethylenglykole (Molekulargewichte z.B. zwischen 300 und 1500) sowie Derivate hiervon, Polyethylenoxid, Ester von aliphatischen gesättigten oder ungesättigten Fettsäuren (2 bis 22 C-Atome, insbesondere 10 bis 18 C-Atome) mit einwertigen aliphatischen Alkoholen (1 bis 20 C-Atome) oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen wie Glykolen, Glycerin, Diethylenglykol, Pentaerythrit, Sorbit, Mannit usw., die gegebenenfalls auch verethert sein können, Ester der Zitronensäure mit primären Alkoholen, Essigsäure, Harnstoff, Benzylbenzoat, Dioxolane, Glyzerinformale, Tetrahydrofurfurylalkohol, Polyglykolether mit C1-C12-Alkoholen, Dimethylacetamid, Lactamide, Lactate, Ethylcarbonate, Silicone (insbesondere mittelviskose Polydimethylsiloxane), Calciumcarbonat, Natriumcarbonat, Calciumphosphat, Natriumphosphat, Magnesiumcarbonat und ähnliche.Suitable excipients and carriers are, for example, substances such as fillers, preservatives, tablet disintegrants, flow regulators, plasticizers, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, solvents, retarding agents or antioxidants. Examples of the excipients and auxiliaries are gelatin, natural sugars such as cane sugar or lactose, lecithin, pectin, starch (for example maize starch or amylose), cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives, dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, gum arabic, alginic acid, tylose, talc, lycopodium , Silica, cellulose, cellulose derivatives (for example, cellulose ethers in which the cellulose hydroxy groups are partially etherified with lower saturated aliphatic alcohols and / or lower saturated aliphatic oxyalcohols, for example, methyloxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate); Fatty acids and magnesium, calcium or aluminum salts of fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, in particular the saturated (for example stearates), emulsifiers, oils and fats, in particular vegetable (for example peanut oil, castor oil, olive oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil , Wheat germ oil, sunflower seed oil, cod liver oil, each also hydrogenated); Glycerol esters and polyglycerol esters of saturated fatty acids C 12 H 24 O 2 to C 18 H 36 O 2 and mixtures thereof, wherein the glycerol hydroxy groups are completely or even partially esterified (for example mono-, di- and triglycerides); pharmaceutically acceptable mono- or polyhydric alcohols and polyglycols such as polyethylene glycols (molecular weights eg between 300 and 1500) and derivatives thereof, polyethylene oxide, esters of aliphatic saturated or unsaturated fatty acids (2 to 22 C-atoms, in particular 10 to 18 C-atoms) with monohydric aliphatic alcohols (1 to 20 C atoms) or polyhydric alcohols such as glycols, glycerol, diethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, etc., which may also be etherified, esters of citric acid with primary alcohols, acetic acid, urea, benzyl benzoate, dioxolanes, Glycerol formal, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyglycol ethers with C 1 -C 12 -alcohols, dimethylacetamide, lactamides, lactates, ethylcarbonates, silicones (especially medium-viscosity polydimethylsiloxanes), calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate, sodium phosphate, magnesium carbonate and the like.
Als weitere Hilfsstoffe kommen auch sogenannte Sprengmittel (Stoffe, die den Zerfall der Tablette bewirken) in Frage, wie quervernetztes Polyvinylpyrrolidon (Kollidon® CL), Natriumcarboxymethylstärke, Natriumcarboxymethylcellulose oder mikrokristalline Cellulose. Ebenfalls können bekannte Hüllstoffe verwendet werden wie Polymerisate sowie Copolymerisate der (Meth)Acrylsäure und/oder deren Ester, Copolymerisate aus Acryl- und Methacrylsäureestern mit einem geringen Gehalt an Ammoniumgruppen (zum Beispiel Eudragit® RS), Copolymerisate aus Acryl- und Methacrylsäureestern und Trimethylammoniummethacrylat (zum Beispiel Eudragit® RL), Polyvinylacetat; Fette, Öle, Wachse, Fettalkohole, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulosephthalat oder – acetatsuccinat; Celluloseacetatphthalat, Stärkeacetatphthalat sowie Polyvinylacetatphthalat, Carboxymethylcellulose, Methylcellulosephthalat, Methylcellulosesuccinat, -phthalatsuccinat sowie Methylcellulosephthalsäurehalbester, Zein, Ethylcellulose sowie Ethylcellulosesuccinat, Schellack, Gluten, Ethylcarboxyethylcellulose, Ethacrylat-Maleinsäureanhydrid-Copolymer, Maleinsäurenanhydrid-Vinylmethylether-Copolymer, Styrol-Maleinsäure-Copolymerisate, 2-Ethyl-hexylacrylatmaleinsäureanhydrid, CrotonsäureVinylacetat-Copolymer, Glutaminsäure/Glutaminsäureester-Copolymer, Carboxymethylethyl-celluloseglycerinmonooctanoat, Celluloseacetatsuccinat, Polyarginin. Weitere mögliche Inhaltsstoffe sind Plastifizierungsmittel für Hüllstoffe wie Citronen- und Weinsäureester (Acetyltriethylcitrat, Acetyltributyl-, Tributyl-, Triethylcitrat), Glycerin und Glycerinester (Glycerindiacetat, -triacetat, acetylierte Monoglyceride, Rizinusöl), Phthalsäureester (Dibutyl-, Diamyl, Diethyl-, Dimethyl-, Dipropyl-phthalat), Di-(2Methoxy- oder 2-ethoxyethyl)-phthalat, Ethylphthalylglycolat, Butylphthalylethylglycolat und Butylglycolat, Alkohole (Propylenglycol, Polyethylenglycol verschiedener Kettenlängen), Adipate (Diethyladipat, Di-(2-Methoxy- oder 2-Ethoxyethyl)-adipat), Benzophenon, Diethyl- und Dibutvlsebacat, Dibutylsuccinat, Dibutyltartrat, Diethylenglycoldipropionat, Ethylenglykoldiacetat, -dibutyrat, -dipropionat, Tributylphosphat, Tributyrin, Polyethylenglykolsorbitanmonooleat (Polysorbate wie Polysorbat 80), Sorbitanmonooleat.Other auxiliary so-called disintegrants (agents which cause the disintegration of the tablet) come into question, such as crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone (Kollidon CL ®), sodium carboxymethyl starch, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or microcrystalline cellulose. Conventional coating substances may also be used, such as polymers and copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid and / or esters thereof, copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters with a low content of ammonium groups ((for example, Eudragit ® RS), copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters and trimethyl ammonium methacrylate for example, Eudragit ® RL), polyvinyl acetate; Fats, oils, waxes, fatty alcohols, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate or acetate succinate; Cellulose acetate phthalate, starch acetate phthalate, and polyvinylacetate phthalate, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose phthalate, methylcellulose succinate, phthalate succinate and methylcellulose phthalic acid half ester, zein, ethylcellulose and ethylcellulose succinate, shellac, gluten, ethylcarboxyethylcellulose, ethacrylate-maleic anhydride copolymer, maleic anhydride-vinylmethylether copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymers, 2-ethyl -hexyl acrylate maleic anhydride, crotonic acid vinyl acetate copolymer, glutamic acid / glutamic acid ester copolymer, carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose glycerine monooctanoate, cellulose acetate succinate, polyarginine. Other possible ingredients are plasticizers for coatings such as citric and tartaric acid esters (acetyltriethyl citrate, acetyltributyl, tributyl, triethyl citrate), glycerol and glycerol esters (glycerol diacetate, triacetate, acetylated monoglycerides, castor oil), phthalic acid esters (dibutyl, diamyl, diethyl, dimethyl , Dipropyl phthalate), di (2-methoxy or 2-ethoxyethyl) phthalate, ethyl phthalyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate and butyl glycolate, alcohols (propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol of various chain lengths), adipates (diethyl adipate, di (2-methoxy or 2-ethoxyethyl ) adipate), benzophenone, diethyl and dibutyl sebacate, dibutyl succinate, dibutyl tartrate, diethylene glycol dipropionate, ethylene glycol diacetate, dibutyrate, dipropionate, tributyl phosphate, tributyrin, polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (polysorbates such as polysorbate 80), sorbitan monooleate.
Zur Herstellung von Lösungen oder Suspensionen kommen beispielsweise Wasser oder physiologisch verträgliche organische Lösungsmittel in Frage, wie zum Beispiel Alkohole (Ethanol, Propanol, Isopropanol, 1,2-Propylenglykol, Polyglykole und deren Derivate, Fettalkohole, Partialester des Glycerins) und Öle (zum Beispiel Erdnussöl, Olivenöl).For the preparation of solutions or suspensions are, for example, water or physiologically acceptable organic solvents in question, such as alcohols (ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, 1,2-propylene glycol, polyglycols and their derivatives, fatty alcohols, partial esters of glycerol) and oils (for example, peanut oil, olive oil).
Die Formulierungen werden vorzugsweise auf oralem Weg verabreicht. Sie können aber auch insbesondere im Bereich der Arzneimittel rektal, intraperitoneal, transdermal, intracutan, subkutan, intravenös, intraarteriell, intrakardial, intramuskulär, pulmonal, inhalatorisch, lingual oder intranasal verabreicht werden.The Formulations are preferably administered by the oral route. she can but also especially in the field of drugs rectal, intraperitoneal, transdermal, intracutaneous, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramuscularly, be administered pulmonary, inhalational, lingual or intranasal.
Beispiel 1: Herstellung von Zn((R)-α-Lipoat)2(H2O)2 Example 1: Preparation of Zn ((R) -α-lipoate) 2 (H 2 O) 2
2,06
g (10 mmol) (R)-α-Liponsäure wurden
in 150 ml Methanol gelöst
und bei Raumtemperatur mit einer Lösung aus 0,4 g (10 mmol) NaOH
in 50 ml Wasser unter Rühren
versetzt. 1,49 g (5 mmol) Zinknitrat wurden in 150 ml Methanol schnell
zur Lösung
des Natriumsalzes dosiert und die Lösung zwei weitere Stunden gerührt. Die
klare, blassgelbe Lösung
wurde in eine Petrischale überführt. Nach
Abdampfen des Lösungsmittels
erhielt man einen gelben Niederschlag, der sorgfältig mit Wasser und Toluol
gewaschen und über
Nacht im Stickstoffgegenstrom getrocknet wurde. Der resultierende
Zinkkomplex war analytisch rein.
Ausbeute: 4,55 g (89% der
Theorie)
Schmelzpunkt: 123°C2.06 g (10 mmol) of (R) -α-lipoic acid were dissolved in 150 ml of methanol and treated at room temperature with a solution of 0.4 g (10 mmol) of NaOH in 50 ml of water with stirring. 1.49 g (5 mmol) of zinc nitrate were dosed quickly into 150 ml of methanol to dissolve the sodium salt and the solution was stirred for a further 2 hours. The clear, pale yellow solution was transferred to a Petri dish. Evaporation of the solvent gave a yellow precipitate, which was washed thoroughly with water and toluene and dried overnight in countercurrent nitrogen. The resulting zinc complex was analytically pure.
Yield: 4.55 g (89% of theory)
Melting point: 123 ° C
Beispiel 2: Synthese von Zn((rac)-α-Lipoat)2(H2O)2 Example 2: Synthesis of Zn ((rac) -α-lipoate) 2 (H 2 O) 2
Die
Synthese erfolgte analog zu Beispiel 1 unter Verwendung von racemischer α-Liponsäure. Gelbe Nadeln.
Ausbeute:
92 % d. Theorie
Schmelzpunkt: 112°CThe synthesis was carried out analogously to Example 1 using racemic α-lipoic acid. Yellow needles.
Yield: 92% d. theory
Melting point: 112 ° C
Beispiel 3: Pharmazeutische Mittel und NahrungsergänzungsmittelExample 3: Pharmaceutical Funds and dietary supplements
a)
Weichgelatine-Kapsel mit dem Zinklipoat aus Beispiel 2 (100
mg Zinklipoat-Dihydrat/Kapsel)
Beispiel 4: Funktionelle NahrungsmittelExample 4: Functional food
a)
Riegel mit dem Zinklipoat aus Beispiel 1 (50
mg Zinklipoat-Dihydrat/Riegel (60 g))
b)
Müsli mit
dem Zinklipoat aus Beispiel 1 (Zinklipoat-Dihydrat
50 mg/100 g Müsli)
c)
Sportlergetränk
mit dem Zinklipoat aus Beispiel 1 (200
mg Zinklipoat-Dihydrat/1000 ml Getränk)
d)
Multivitaminmineral-Tablette mit dem Zinklipoat aus Beispiel 1 (3
mg Zinklipoat-Dihydrat/Tablette, 1225 mg)
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005057178A DE102005057178A1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2005-11-30 | Use of zinc salts of lipoic acid for the treatment of lipid metabolism disorders |
| PCT/EP2006/069122 WO2007063095A1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2006-11-30 | Use of zinc salts of lipoic acid for treating fat metabolism disorders |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005057178A DE102005057178A1 (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2005-11-30 | Use of zinc salts of lipoic acid for the treatment of lipid metabolism disorders |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE102005057178A1 true DE102005057178A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
Family
ID=37808060
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|---|---|---|---|
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| WO (1) | WO2007063095A1 (en) |
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| US8669282B2 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2014-03-11 | Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Companion animal compositions including lipoic acid and methods of use thereof |
| US20020076470A1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2002-06-20 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Composition and method |
| AU2005322015B2 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2010-02-25 | Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Methods for inhibiting a decline in learning and/or memory in animals |
| CA2750137C (en) | 2008-12-30 | 2014-09-23 | Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating and preventing weight-related disorders in companion animals |
| DK2367549T3 (en) | 2008-12-30 | 2013-11-04 | Hills Pet Nutrition Inc | Use of alfalipoic acid for the treatment or prevention of debilitating joint diseases, osteoarthritis, cartilage damage, and related disorders in pets |
| AU2016200420B2 (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2017-03-02 | Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Companion animal compositions including lipoic acid and methods of use thereof |
| CA2749005C (en) | 2009-01-16 | 2014-04-08 | Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Companion animal compositions including pyruvic acid and salts thereof and methods of use thereof |
| EP2408441A1 (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2012-01-25 | Genmedica Therapeutics SL | Combination therapies for treating metabolic disorders |
| EP2408443A1 (en) | 2009-03-16 | 2012-01-25 | Genmedica Therapeutics SL | Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant conjugates useful for treating metabolic disorders |
| US8466197B2 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2013-06-18 | Genmedica Therapeutics Sl | Thiocarbonates as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds useful for treating metabolic disorders |
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| DE19806354B4 (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 2004-09-16 | Bdd Group Holding Ag | Use of α-lipoic acid or its physiologically tolerable salts for the treatment of LDL hypercholesterolemia |
| DE19830768A1 (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2000-01-13 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Creatine-containing comprises neurotransmitter and alpha-liponic acid useful for treating muscular dystrophy and for preventing obesity in muscular dystrophy sufferers |
| EP1172110A3 (en) * | 2000-07-07 | 2003-09-17 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Use of lipoic acid as a bioavailaty enhancer of mineral salts |
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2005
- 2005-11-30 DE DE102005057178A patent/DE102005057178A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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