DE102005004678B4 - Starting and braking aid for electric drives - Google Patents

Abstract

contraption for electromotive Drives, especially for powered by fuel cell drives of vehicles, with a consisting of at least one electrical, water-cooled heating resistor Consumers of electrical energy in the start-up phase of a fuel cell and / or arises during generator operation of the electric drive motor, wherein the heating resistor transmits heat at one of liquid coolant throughflow (4) arranged and electrically via a electronic control unit (5) with each of the electrical Energy supplying source of energy is connected, characterized that several each provided with one or more heating resistors, mutually parallel flow tubes (4) by means of connection housings (20, 21) are combined to form a structural unit, wherein the connecting housing (20, 21) a common coolant inlet (22) and a common coolant drain (23) are over separate pipe sockets (15 to 18) with the individual flow tubes (4) and at least one of the two junction box (20, 21) provided with an electronic control unit (5) for the heating resistors is.

Description

The invention relates to a device for electric motor drives, in particular for powered by fuel cell drives of vehicles with a consisting of at least one electrical, water-cooled heating resistor consumer electrical energy that arises in the startup phase of a fuel cell and / or generator operation of the electric drive motor, wherein the heating resistor arranged heat-transmitting on a through-flow of liquid coolant flow tube and is electrically connected via an electronic control unit with each of the electrical energy supplying energy source ( DE 296 23 879 U1 ).

at such drive systems falls both in the start-up phase of the fuel cell and in the electromotive Brakes, i. when the electric drive motor on generator operation Switched on, high electrical energy, which is fast and effective in a suitable consumer to harmless and / or useful Way must be consumed.

Out DE 296 23 879 U1 a temperature control system for a motor vehicle is known in which an electric drive motor of the vehicle is supplied by a fuel cell stack with electrical energy. The fuel cell stack is cooled by a coolant that passes through a coolant path in which there is a resistor connected to an electrical energy source through which electrical energy derived from braking of the vehicle can be recovered such that the coolant is heated by electrical resistance. How the heat exchanger required to recover the energy in this way is constructed and constructed can not be deduced from this document.

Out DE 42 12 074 C1 an electric instantaneous water heater is known, comprising a flow tube and a tubular heater, both of which are embedded in a common extruded aluminum. In this case, the extruded part and the tubular heating elements embedded in it are pressed together so as to deform each other in such a way that the wall of the flow tube has indentations running parallel to the tubular bodies and changing the cross section of the tube. The aim of this embodiment is to ensure a long service life at high thermal loads and to achieve a good heat transfer between the tubular heater and the medium to be heated. Already on the basis of the specified, tailored to the application design and the open electrical connections of the tubular heater, this water heater is for the generic purpose not considered.

Also the off DE 203 05 742 U1 known tubular liquid heaters, in which a plurality of layered metallic tubes existing heat absorbers is combined in a housing, can not be used for the generic purpose, because the design provided there takes up too much space and the passage length of the medium to be heated is too large to ensure the required high and fast power consumption at the required compactness.

Of the Invention is therefore based on the object, a device of to create the aforementioned type, with a simple and cost manufacturability and compact, space-saving design with a high and fast power consumption ensures high operational safety.

Is solved this object according to the invention by that several each provided with one or more heating resistors, mutually parallel flow tubes by means of connecting housings, too a structural unit are summarized, the connection housing a common coolant inlet or a common coolant outlet contain that over separate pipe socket with the individual flow tubes in conjunction stand, and wherein at least one of the two connection housing with an electronic control unit for the heating resistors provided is.

The inventive device is not only simple with its compact, space-saving design and cost-effective but it ensures also a high and reliable power consumption in that the electrical energy to be consumed is converted directly into heat and the coolant on the shortest Ways over supplied good conductive material becomes. Thereby, that at the same time several parallel flow tubes from the to be heated and thus energy dissipating Medium are flowing through, results from the high liquid flow rate with a small construction a high power consumption. That it can large quantities over a short distance of the cooling medium big in a short time Collect and dissipate amounts of electrically generated heat. there This type of energy consumption is not only harmless, but It can also be used profitably, for example for Heating interior of a vehicle, as with the usual liquid-cooled internal combustion engines of motor vehicles is common.

In particular, when using the device according to the invention in electromotive industry Benen vehicles that do not normally require water cooling, the device according to the invention can be used as a heat source meaningful.

moreover can the device of the invention easily adapted to the power consumption of electrical energy and in a cooling system with Coolant circuit be used.

The Design according to claim 2 opens the possibility to adapt the power consumption to the respective requirements, For example, by Parallelschal device a high power consumption and by series connection to obtain a lower power consumption.

The Embodiment according to claim 3 is based on a proven heating system of tubular heaters, that for the purpose of the invention can be used advantageously.

According to claim 4 can be the connection housing simply manufacture, it is expedient, the connection housing respectively to produce two half shells and the two shell parts each to an overall connector housing tightly welded together whereby the insertion of electrical connection and control elements in one of the connection boxes is facilitated according to claim 1.

While the Embodiment according to claim 5 of increasing the reliability serves, is provided with the embodiment of claim 6, the possibility the electrical connections at the ends of the heating resistors respectively inside the connection housing accommodate and provide a simple and secure and thus secure connection between the two connection housings to create, so that the electric power supply and control over one the connection housing can be done.

With The embodiment according to claim 7 results in a simple, secure and tight connection between each with a coolant inlet or coolant outlet provided connection housings and the flow tubes of the electrical heating resistors, wherein This connection is also easy to produce.

Regarding the Assembly of advantage is also the embodiment according to claim 8, in which it allows the installation of the electrical connections within the individual junction box in easily accessible To perform way after the connections between the flow tubes and the connection boxes are manufactured, but the mutually facing end faces of the connecting walls are still open.

With the embodiment according to claim 9 achieves a short construction, which in most cases is beneficial.

Based The drawing will be an embodiment of the invention below explained in more detail. It shows:

1 a 3D representation of the device according to the invention;

2 the items of the device according to the invention in a 3D exploded view;

3 the device according to the invention in side view;

4 an end view IV from 3 ;

5 a sectional view according to the section line VV from 4 wherein the heating resistors extending between the two connection housings are not shown cut;

6 a section VI-VI 3 ;

7 a section VII-VII from 5 ;

8th a removable end wall of a connection housing in 3D representation;

9 the lower connection housing the 5 on an enlarged scale;

10 a resistance unit as a single component in an isometric view;

11 the cross-section of a resistance unit in an enlarged view of the section line XI-XI 6 ;

12 the front view XII off 10 ,

In the 1 As a complete unit shown device for electric motor drives, especially for powered by fuel cell drives of vehicles, represents a consumer of electrical energy that arises, for example, in the startup phase of a fuel cell and / or generator operation of the electric drive motor. Essentially, these are one or more resistance units 1 and 2 , each at least from an electric, water-cooled tubular heater 6 consisting of heat transferring to a metal flow tube 4 is arranged. The flow tube 4 is traversed by a liquid coolant, preferably water. Electric is the tubular heater 6 over connections 3 to an electronic control unit 5 connected to each of which is connected to the electrical energy source of energy. This power source is not shown in the drawing.

The resistance units 1 and 2 each have two of the tubular heaters 6 existing heating resistors, which together with a flow tube 4 in a metal extrusion 7 , preferably made of aluminum, stored and pressed with this. The tubular heating elements run 6 each axis parallel to the circumference of the flow tube 4 , The tubular heaters 6 each consist of a central heating element 8th that of a compacted and insulating metal oxide layer 9 and a metal pipe 10 is enclosed ( 11 ). The flow tube 4 has two cylindrical end portions 4 ' on, each axially from the extrusion 7 protrude.

With these end sections 4 ' are the flow tubes 4 the two resistance units 1 and 2 in cylindrical pipe sockets 15 and 16 respectively. 17 and 18 each with embedded sealing rings 19 tightly connected. These pipe sockets 15 and 16 respectively. 17 and 18 are each one-piece components of a connection housing 20 respectively. 21 , each one designed as a pipe socket coolant inlet 22 or a coolant outlet 23 have, with which the pipe socket 15 and 16 respectively. 17 and 18 each connected. These coolant inlets and outlets 22 respectively. 23 can, as shown in the drawing, be designed as a hose nipple. But it is also possible to design them as a screw connection.

With the help of these coolant inlets and outlets 22 and 23 You can do that with the help of the two connection boxes 20 and 21 to a structural consumer unit combined resistance units 1 and 2 in a coolant circuit, z. B. in a water cooling system can be integrated.

The only schematically shown in the drawing electronic control unit 5 allows the Rohrheizkör by 6 to switch in parallel or in series, optionally or depending on performance.

The connection housing 20 and 21 are preferably made bivalve as injection molded parts or die castings and sealingly joined together by suitable means and measures, so that an absolutely leak-free coolant passage is ensured.

The two connection boxes 20 and 21 , whose outer shape is arbitrary, are preferably cuboid and provided with bevelled longitudinal edges. They each have a flat outer face 24 respectively. 25 on.

The connection housing 20 is additionally with externally mounted connection housings 41 and 42 provided for not shown electrical connections.

On the facing end faces are the two connecting housing 20 and 21 each with subsequently attachable end walls 26 and 27 provided, one of which in 8th is shown in magnification. Since these two end walls are completely the same design, it is sufficient ge, at this point in 8th illustrated end wall 27 to describe in more detail.

This end wall 27 is with an axially projecting frame 28 provided in which in a symmetrical arrangement formed as a plurality of spring elements locking tongues 29 located in groove-like recesses 30 the individual walls of the connection housing 21 respectively. 20 can intervene. For holding the resistance units 1 and 2 are these end walls 26 and 27 each with breakthroughs 31 and 32 Mistake. The cross-sectional shapes of these breakthroughs 31 . 32 are the extrusions 7 the two resistance units 1 and 2 adjusted so that the end walls 26 and 27 on these extrusions 7 are displaceable.

Between the two breakthroughs 31 and 32 is located in the middle of a hole 33 for receiving an electrical connection line 35 , This connection line 35 is provided with a protective jacket and serves to connect the Heizleiteranschlüsse 3 between the two connection boxes 20 and 21 , Through this connection line 35 are the in the connection housing 21 lying connections 3 the heating conductor 8th with the electronic control unit 5 in the other connection housing 20 connected.

To limit the coolant temperature are electrical thermal switches 37 provided, which expediently at the outlet ends 4 ' the flow tubes 4 are arranged and integrated in a suitable manner in the electrical circuit.

In the embodiment shown in the drawing, designed as a pipe socket Kühlmittelzu- and drains 22 respectively. 23 at right angles to the longitudinal axes of the resistance units 1 and 2 arranged. Of course, it is also possible, this provided for the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet pipe socket on the front pages 24 respectively. 25 the connection housing 20 and 21 provided.

In addition, it is readily conceivable and possible, a consumer according to the invention instead of two resistance units 1 and 2 to provide with several such resistance units, where the basic structure could be the same. Of course, then have the connection housing 20 and 21 with several pipe sockets 15 to 18 be provided for the individual flow tubes.

Claims (9)

Device for electric motor drives, in particular for powered by fuel cell drives of vehicles, with a consisting of at least one electrical, water-cooled heating resistor consumer electrical energy that arises in the start-up phase of a fuel cell and / or generator operation of the electric drive motor, wherein the heating resistor heat transfer to a flow of liquid coolant ( 4 ) and electrically via an electronic control unit ( 5 ) is connected to each of the electrical energy supplying energy source, characterized in that a plurality of each provided with one or more heating resistors, mutually parallel flow tubes ( 4 ) by means of connection housings ( 20 . 21 ) are combined to form a structural unit, wherein the connecting housing ( 20 . 21 ) a common coolant inlet ( 22 ) and a common coolant outlet ( 23 ), which have separate pipe sockets ( 15 to 18 ) with the individual flow tubes ( 4 ), and wherein at least one of the two connection housing ( 20 . 21 ) with an electronic control unit ( 5 ) is provided for the heating resistors. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating resistors ( 3 ) of the unit are selectively or power-dependent parallel or in series switchable. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that in each case at least two of tubular heaters ( 6 ) existing heating resistors ( 3 ) together with a flow tube ( 4 ) in a metal extruded part ( 7 ) and with this to a resistance unit ( 1 . 2 ) are pressed, wherein the tubular heaters ( 6 ) each axially parallel to the circumference of the flow tube ( 4 ) are arranged. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the connection housing ( 20 . 21 ) consist of diecast or injection molded parts. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for limiting the coolant temperature, electrical thermal switches ( 37 ) are provided. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that between the two connection housings ( 20 . 21 ) accommodated in a protective sheath electrical connection line ( 35 ), which the Heizleiterenden in the not provided with the electrical connections connecting housing ( 21 ) with the electrical connections and / or with the electronic control board ( 5 ) in the other connection housing ( 20 ) connects. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection housing ( 20 . 21 ) each axially parallel, cylindrical pipe socket ( 15 to 18 ) with embedded sealing rings ( 19 ) for receiving the cylindrical pipe ends ( 4 ' ) of the individual flow tubes ( 4 ) exhibit. Device according to one of claims 3 or 7, characterized in that the connection housing ( 20 . 21 ) at their mutually facing end faces each with end walls ( 26 . 27 ), which correspond to the cross-sectional shapes of the extruded parts ( 7 ) of the individual resistance units ( 1 . 2 ) adapted breakthroughs ( 31 . 32 ) and one hole each ( 33 ) for the connecting line ( 35 ) and which with their respective associated connection housings ( 20 . 21 ) are connectable. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the coolant inlet ( 22 ) of a connection housing ( 20 ) and the coolant outlet ( 23 ) of the other connection housing ( 21 ) each from a laterally and substantially at right angles to the pipe socket ( 15 to 18 ) from the respective connection housing ( 20 . 21 ) protruding pipe section, which is designed as a hose connection or screw connection.