DE10116192A1 - Detergent for e.g. cleaning carpets, is based on surface-modified nanoparticles - Google Patents
Detergent for e.g. cleaning carpets, is based on surface-modified nanoparticlesInfo
- Publication number
- DE10116192A1 DE10116192A1 DE2001116192 DE10116192A DE10116192A1 DE 10116192 A1 DE10116192 A1 DE 10116192A1 DE 2001116192 DE2001116192 DE 2001116192 DE 10116192 A DE10116192 A DE 10116192A DE 10116192 A1 DE10116192 A1 DE 10116192A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- nanoparticles
- cleaning
- detergent
- modified nanoparticles
- cleaning carpets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960000686 benzalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triclosan Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003500 triclosan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- GAWWVVGZMLGEIW-GNNYBVKZSA-L zinc ricinoleate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O GAWWVVGZMLGEIW-GNNYBVKZSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940100530 zinc ricinoleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- -1 zir conoxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002706 AlOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020203 CeO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036964 tight binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/0031—Carpet, upholstery, fur or leather cleansers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/02—Inorganic compounds
- C11D7/20—Water-insoluble oxides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Bei Reinigungsarbeiten, insbesondere bei Tätigkeiten wie z. B. Teppichreinigen ist es oft schwierig, den anhaftenden Staub, Verunreinigungen, gegebenenfalls Milben und ähnliche Parasi ten durch die gewöhnliche Reinigungstätigkeit zu entfernen. Beim Saugen, Staubwischen oder Feuchtabwischen bleiben Schmutzstoffe zurück und bewirken, daß man öfter reinigen muß und daß das Reinigungsergebnis nicht befriedigend ist.For cleaning work, especially for activities such as B. Carpet cleaning is often difficult to remove the adhering dust, Contaminants, possibly mites and similar parasites to be removed by ordinary cleaning. Remain when vacuuming, dusting or wiping with damp Pollutants back and cause that you have to clean more often and that the cleaning result is not satisfactory.
Zur erfindungsgemäßen Lösung dieses Problems wurde ein Reini gungshilfsmittel auf der Basis von oberflächenmodifizierten Nanopartikeln hergestellt. Dieses besteht aus oxidischen Nanopartikeln wie z. B. Siliziumdioxid, Titanoxid, Zir konoxid, Ceroxid und/oder anderen; gegebenenfalls einem Ober flächenmodifikator, der die Aufgabe hat, die Nanopartikel vor Agglomeration zu schützen und gegebenenfalls zusätzlich spe zifische Reaktionen mit dem zu entfernenden Schmutz einzuge hen. Des weiteren können anorganische und organische Hilfs stoffe enthalten sein, die das gewünschte Reinigungsergebnis unterstützen.To solve this problem according to the invention, a Reini conditioning aids based on surface-modified Nanoparticles manufactured. This consists of oxidic Nanoparticles such as B. silicon dioxide, titanium oxide, zir conoxide, cerium oxide and / or others; possibly a waiter surface modifier, which has the task of presenting the nanoparticles To protect agglomeration and if necessary additionally spe specific reactions with the dirt to be removed hen. Furthermore, inorganic and organic auxiliaries substances that contain the desired cleaning result support.
Das Wirkungsprinzip der hergestellten Reinigungshilfe besteht darin, daß die Nanopartikel aufgrund ihrer sehr großen Ober fläche (bis zu 500 m2/g) eine sehr große Tendenz zur Adsorp tion von Schadstoffen und zur Agglomeration zu größeren Par tikeln besitzen. Bringt man nun Nanopartikel in geeigneter Weise in Kontakt mit zu entfernendem Schmutz, so findet die eben beschriebene Agglomeration und Adsorption statt, was zu größeren, leicht entfernbaren Schmutzpartikeln führt. Diese können dann mit den gängigen Verfahren (Saugen) leicht ent fernt werden und damit wird eine gründliche, nachhaltige Rei nigung ermöglicht.The principle of action of the cleaning aid produced is that the nanoparticles, owing to their very large surface (up to 500 m 2 / g), have a very great tendency to adsorb pollutants and to agglomerate to larger particles. If nanoparticles are brought into contact with dirt to be removed in a suitable manner, the agglomeration and adsorption just described takes place, which leads to larger, easily removable dirt particles. These can then be easily removed using standard methods (suction), which enables thorough, sustainable cleaning.
Neben diesem primären Wirkungsmechanismus ist es möglich und erfindungsgemäß auch erwünscht, daß die benutzte Oberflächen modifizierung spezifische Funktionalitäten enthält, die mit dem zu entfernenden Schmutz chemische Reaktionen eingehen. Diese chemischen Reaktionen können sowohl zur festen Bindung an die Nanopartikel beitragen, als auch darüber hinausgehende Wirkung (Geruchsvernichtung, Geruchsabsorption, Desodorie rung, Bakterienvernichtung usw.) haben. Neben den Nanoparti keln und der geeigneten Oberflächenmodifizierung können auch noch weitere organische Inhaltsstoffe in der Formulierung enthalten sein. Diese umfassen zum einen Schutzkolloide, die zur Stabilisierung der Nanopartikel beitragen und die gegebe nenfalls dem entstehenden Nanopartikelagglomerat die ge wünschten mechanischen Eigenschaften verleihen. Das kann z. B. eine besondere Körnigkeit sein, die das Abreinigen der agglomerierten Nanopartikel erleichtert und unterstützt. Des weiteren können die Hilfsstoffe auch aktiv zur Schmutzbindung beitragen. Dazu sind insbesondere kationische Polymere geeig net, wie z. B. Chitosan oder Chitin, die in der Regel eine große Affinität zu Schmutz besitzen, der meist eine negative, also anionische, Ladung aufweist.In addition to this primary mechanism of action, it is possible and according to the invention also desirable that the surfaces used modification contains specific functionalities with enter into chemical reactions with the dirt to be removed. These chemical reactions can both lead to tight binding contribute to the nanoparticles as well as beyond Effect (odor elimination, odor absorption, desodorie tion, bacterial destruction, etc.). In addition to the nanopartis and the appropriate surface modification can also other organic ingredients in the formulation be included. On the one hand, these include protective colloids, which contribute to the stabilization of the nanoparticles and the given if necessary, the resulting nanoparticle agglomerate impart desired mechanical properties. That can e.g. B. be a special granularity that the cleaning of the agglomerated Nanoparticles relieved and supported. Of the auxiliaries can also actively bind dirt contribute. Cationic polymers are particularly suitable for this net, such as B. chitosan or chitin, which is usually a have a great affinity for dirt, which is usually a negative, thus anionic, has charge.
Die Nanopartikel können neben der reinen Bindungsfunktion an den Schmutz und der Agglomeration noch weitere Funktionen aufweisen. Durch Wahl der geeigneten Zusammensetzung können Sie desinfizierend, geruchsbindend oder geruchsvernichtend wirken. Es ist ebenso möglich, gewünschte Geruchsstoffe an die Nanopartikel zu binden und mit einer verzögerten Freiset zung einen langanhaltenden Wohlgeruch zu erzielen. Wählt man die Nanopartikel so, daß sie Strahlung einer bestimmten Wel lenlänge absorbieren, können damit auch UV-Schutz und/oder, zum Beispiel im Falle von Titanoxid auch eine photokatalyti sche, desinfizierende Wirkung verbunden sein.In addition to the pure binding function, the nanoparticles can the dirt and agglomeration still other functions exhibit. By choosing the appropriate composition Disinfectant, odor-binding or odor-killing Act. It is also possible to add desired odorants to bind the nanoparticles and with a delayed release to achieve a long-lasting fragrance. You choose the nanoparticles so that they emit radiation from a certain world absorb length, can also UV protection and / or, For example, in the case of titanium oxide, a photocatalytic disinfectant effect.
Als zusätzliche Hilfsstoffe kommen in der Formulierung gängi ge geruchsbindende und desinfizierende Stoffe wie z. B. Triclosan oder Benzalkoniumchlorid in Betracht. Die so formu lierten Reinigungshilfsmittel können entweder als zu versprü hende Lösung oder imprägniert auf einem Tuch bzw. auch in ge eigneter trockener Form auf die zu reinigende Oberfläche auf gebracht werden. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich dabei um Teppi che, Vorhang- oder Möbelstoffe oder ähnliche schwer zu reini gende Oberflächen. Darüber hinaus sind aber auch alle glatten abwaschbaren Oberflächen mit geeinigten Zusammensetzungen reinigbar. The formulation commonly contains additional auxiliaries ge odor-binding and disinfectant substances such. B. Triclosan or benzalkonium chloride. The so formu lated cleaning aids can either be sprayed existing solution or impregnated on a cloth or in ge suitable dry form on the surface to be cleaned to be brought. These are preferably carpets che, curtain or furniture fabrics or similar difficult to clean surfaces. In addition, all are smooth washable surfaces with unified compositions cleanable.
Es sei erwähnt, dass die Hilfsstoffe insbesondere reinigungs unterstützende Stoffe wie Tenside und andere bekannte Wasch- und Reinigungshilfsmittel umfassen.It should be mentioned that the auxiliaries are especially cleaning supporting substances such as surfactants and other well-known washing and cleaning aids.
Bei den Nanopartikeln kann es sich insbesondere handeln um SiO2, TiO2, AlOOH, CeO2, ZrO2, ZnO.The nanoparticles can in particular be SiO 2 , TiO 2 , AlOOH, CeO 2 , ZrO 2 , ZnO.
Bevorzugt: Kieselsole besonders: saure Kieselsole (kationisch geladen; z. B. Al-modifizierte Oberfläche)Preferred: silica sols especially: acidic silica sols (cationic loaded; z. B. Al-modified surface)
Als Oberflächenmodifikator sind einsetzbar insbesondere Alkali-, Erdalkali-, Aluminium-Verbindungen, Titan-, Zink-, Zirkonsalze, . . ., Silane (insbesondere bevorzugt Epoxy-, Amin-, Merkapto-, Carboxyl-, . . . -funktionell), Silan komplexierte Metalle (z. B. Aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysi lan + wenigstens einem von Zn, Ti, Al, Sn, . . .) Betaine, ka tionische Tenside.In particular, they can be used as surface modifiers Alkali, alkaline earth, aluminum compounds, titanium, zinc, Zirconium salts,. , ., Silanes (particularly preferably epoxy, Amine, mercapto, carboxyl,. , , -functional), silane complexed metals (e.g. aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysi lan + at least one of Zn, Ti, Al, Sn,. , .) Betaine, not specified ionic surfactants.
Als bevorzugte Hilfsstoffe seien erwähnt Polymere (Po
lyvinylalkohol, Chitosan, Chitin, Stärke), und/oder solche,
die, wie zum Teil vorgenannte, z. T. auch Wirkung als Schutz
kolloide besitzen;
Zellulose (z. B. als Stapelfasern); als
Desinfektionsmittel: Triclosan, Benzalkoniumchlorid;
Tenside und/oder
Geruchsstoffe, wie z. B. Terpene (Orangen, Zitrone etc.)
Desodorierende Stoffe (Zink-rizinoleat).
Preferred auxiliaries are polymers (polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan, chitin, starch), and / or those which, as mentioned in part above, e.g. T. also act as a protective colloid;
Cellulose (e.g. as staple fibers); as a disinfectant: triclosan, benzalkonium chloride;
Surfactants and / or odorants, such as. B. terpenes (oranges, lemon, etc.) deodorising substances (zinc ricinoleate).
Bevorzugte Zusammensetzungen der vorliegenden Erfindung bein
halten an
Nanopartikeln 20-100%, bevorzugt: 40-100%,
besonders bevorzugt: 60-100% und insbesondere dabei
bevorzugt: kationisches Kieselsol;
an Oberflächenmodifikator 0-50%, bevorzugt: 0-30%,
besonders bevorzugt: 2-20% und insbesondere dabei
bevorzugt: Aluminiumchlorid; und
an Hilfststoffen 0-80%, bevorzugt: 10-60%,
besonders bevorzugt: 20-40% und insbesondere dabei
bevorzugt: Benzalkoniumchlorid, Zinkricinoleat, Zellulose,
Chitosan.Preferred compositions of the present invention continue
Nanoparticles 20-100%, preferably: 40-100%,
particularly preferred: 60-100% and particularly preferred: cationic silica sol;
on surface modifier 0-50%, preferably: 0-30%,
particularly preferred: 2-20% and particularly preferred: aluminum chloride; and
of auxiliary substances 0-80%, preferably: 10-60%,
particularly preferred: 20-40% and particularly preferred here: benzalkonium chloride, zinc ricinoleate, cellulose, chitosan.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2001116192 DE10116192A1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2001-03-30 | Detergent for e.g. cleaning carpets, is based on surface-modified nanoparticles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2001116192 DE10116192A1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2001-03-30 | Detergent for e.g. cleaning carpets, is based on surface-modified nanoparticles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE10116192A1 true DE10116192A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
Family
ID=7679968
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2001116192 Withdrawn DE10116192A1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2001-03-30 | Detergent for e.g. cleaning carpets, is based on surface-modified nanoparticles |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE10116192A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1775018A1 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2007-04-18 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Metal ion modified high surface area material for odor removal and control |
| US7976855B2 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2011-07-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Metal ion modified high surface area materials for odor removal and control |
-
2001
- 2001-03-30 DE DE2001116192 patent/DE10116192A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1775018A1 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2007-04-18 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Metal ion modified high surface area material for odor removal and control |
| US7578997B2 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2009-08-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Metal ion modified high surface area materials for odor removal and control |
| US7976855B2 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2011-07-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Metal ion modified high surface area materials for odor removal and control |
| US8182800B2 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2012-05-22 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Metal ion modified high surface area materials for odor removal and control |
| US8771661B2 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2014-07-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Metal ion modified high surface area materials for odor removal and control |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |