DE10112181A1 - Optical filter for three-dimensional display on matrix screens, e.g. LCD or plasma screens - Google Patents

Abstract

The optical filter is structured of alternating lines, horizontally and vertically polarised. Together with polarisation spectacles, separately for each eye, it presents the stereoscopic, three-dimensional image content.

Description

The invention relates to an attachment for a screen with picture elements, a Screen arrangement with such an essay, and a method for Rendering quasi-three-dimensional images.

The principle of three-dimensional vision is based on image acquisition using two eyes separated by the eye relief in the horizontal direction are and each take a right and a left drawing file. Three-dimensional Accordingly, video signals can be spaced horizontally using two mutually arranged cameras, e.g. B. by means of a 3D camcorder, picture are recorded sequentially.

The rendering of the two partial images as three-dimensional is more problematic Image. For this purpose, on the one hand in B. cinemas play on screens known, onto which the partial images are offset horizontally from each other devices with different polarization filters are blasted. The The canvas is provided with a reflective layer, so that it is Polarized light is reflected to the viewer who is wearing glasses under wear different polarization filters for the two eyes. The audience record the drawing file for the respective eye and shield the other Field by means of the respective polarization filter.

A reproduction of three-dimensional video signals on a screen, z. B. a television screen, but is not with such a method possible.

The invention has for its object a reproduction of three dimensions nal or quasi-three-dimensional video signals or stereo Video signals on a screen with a two-dimensional arrangement of Picture elements, in particular a matrix arrangement of picture elements possible. The use of a color monitor,  in particular a basically known flat screen (LCD, LED or Flat plasma screen) or a known cathode ray tube may be possible.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by an attachment for an image shield, with a shielding device for the simultaneous shielding of an ers half of the picture elements opposite a right eye of a viewer and a second half of picture elements opposite a left eye of the Beholder.

Furthermore, this task is solved by a screen arrangement with a Screen with a two-dimensional arrangement of picture elements and egg Such an essay, in which a first half of picture elements first Image signals for a first image for the viewer's left eye and one for two th half of picture elements second picture signals for a second picture for the compute te eye of the viewer.

Furthermore, this object is achieved by a method in which one such gene screen arrangement, an image signal is fed into the first and second Image signals is divided, the first half of picture elements of the image screen arrangement first image signals for a first image for the left eye of the bet rachters and the second half of picture elements of the screen arrangement second image signals for a second image for the right eye of the viewer leads.

The invention is based on the idea of a simultaneous reproduction of the enable two drawing files on one screen and by a suitable Shielding device one half of the screen elements in front of each eye shield. According to the invention, an essay is created for this reason can also be attached to conventional screens, so that a Much of the known hardware can be used.

According to the invention, shielding can advantageously be carried out on the one hand Polarization filter devices with different polarization directions  respectively. For this purpose, a first half of picture elements and a second Half of picture elements each have a polarization filter with z. B. horizontal or vertical polarization direction is provided so that each eye only every wide one Image element sees. The picture elements can z. B. only every other line or see every other column. The subdivision is preferably carried out in lines wise, so that strips, e.g. B. strips of a film with a polarization direction and strips of a second film with an orthogonal polarization direction alternately on the screen. This can be done through a large Polarization film take place on which the two types of strips alternate are seen so that the slide is directly in the appropriate orientation on the image screen can be put on or glued on.

On the other hand, a shield can be a half of picture elements to each eye with a suitable cover or cover Set up with webs, one half to each eye of the picture elements. These webs can also be used on their pages surfaces are mirrored so that the viewer does not use each eye a semi-obscured image, but perceives a full image.

As an alternative to such webs, a prism device can also be used with small prism areas in front of the screen elements Cover one half of the picture element to one eye and pass a picture of the other half of picture elements.

When using an aperture device, such as. B. the webs or the pris menu device, the scanning of the screen advantageously runs in ver tical direction, so that the image signals of the first field for the left eye and the second field for the right Eye transferred and the image structure in the horizontal direction or X- Axis direction with alternating columns.  

According to the invention, due to the structure with alternating gaps or Lines of sequential image information with successive image signals from the first and second field can be used.

When using an aperture device, e.g. B. bridge device or prisms device, the webs or prism edges are advantageously aligned tends towards an optical midpoint between the eyes of the Viewer to ensure the most accurate possible optical separation of the image elements.

The screen arrangement according to the invention can in particular have two images store for the two fields, be equipped with a switching signal can be provided for assigning the first and second image signals. The Image memories are thus at half the fundamental frequency of the overall image signal read; however, they can be read out at the full fundamental frequency.

The shielding device can not only be used stereoscopically with two cameras recorded image signals to three-dimensional images or quasi-3D images be composed by the viewer from the angle of the optical Axes of the two eyes determined a fictitious distance.

In principle, conventional television signals can also be read in, which are read alternately into the two image memories. Here, for the viewer with horizontally moving images a depth effect when reading of the two image memories in the line change arise because of the viewer due to the changing angle of the optical axes of the eyes Movement in depth is suggested.  

The invention is described below with the aid of the accompanying drawings gene embodiments explained in more detail. Show it:

Figure 1 is a front view of a screen with an attachment according to the invention according to an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 2a is a front view of a screen for.. B. a Trinitron screen, with an attachment according to a further embodiment of the invention from the perspective of a left eye of a viewer;

Fig. 2b is a front view of a screen with an attachment, for. B. a hole mask screen, from the perspective of a right eye of a viewer;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the optical path of the light rays of the image screen assembly of Figure 3 to the eyes of an observer.

FIG. 4 shows a larger area of the beam path of FIG. 3;

Fig. 5 elements, a comparison with FIG 2 modified arrangement of Bildschirmele.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the beam path of the light beams in a screen arrangement with a modified from Fig. 2 to 4 embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7 shows a structure of a screen arrangement from FIG. 1 with signal sequence.

Fig. 8 is an illustration of a moving object on the screen of Fig. 7.

FIG. 1 is in front of a display screen 6, a film with a Polarisationsfil ter 1 is mounted or glued on. In the screen 6 alternating first rows 2 are for a first image - z. B. for the left eye of the beholder - and two lines 3 for a second image - z. B. the right eye of the beholder - se scanned sequentially. Thus, the scanning takes place in a manner known per se, first from left to right in the uppermost first line 2 , then from left to right in the second line 3 below, then in the first line 2 below, etc. Each first line 2 and second Line 3 has, in a manner known per se, red picture element areas 7 for red light, green picture element areas 8 for green light and blue picture element areas 9 for blue light, wherein three of these picture element areas each form a picture element of a partial image. Thus, four pixels, each with three pixels, are shown in FIG. 1.

According to the invention, the polarization filter 1 has alternating strips or lines of different polarization directions. Here, 2 z. B. a polarization filter with a vertical polarization direction can be set, which only allows light of vertical polarization and in front of a second line 3, a polarization filter with a horizontal polarization direction, which only allows light of horizontal polarization to be arranged.

As an alternative to the embodiment shown, two identical lines can alternate one above the other. In this case, strips of uniform polarization that are too thin are not required, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, so that the manufacture of the attachment is simplified and a slight misalignment with respect to the screen elements is not perceived too strongly.

The polarization filter 1 can e.g. B. be produced by thermally gluing a first film with horizontal polarization with pre-punched strips in the Zei lenrasterabstand on a carrier film, then the space required for the vertical polarization filter strips 4 are separated and then subsequently in the same way a film with vertical polarization for rows 4 is applied.

The screen arrangement shown can thus also sequence video image signals Target first screen signals and second screen signals are supplied.  

The viewer puts on glasses known per se with different Polarisa tion filters. For a suitable stereo image, the polarization should be used Direction of the left eyeglass of the glasses with the polarization direction of the buttocks Larization filter for the left image match that of the left one Camera was recorded and the polarization direction of the right eyeglass of the glasses with the polarization direction of the polarization film ters of the right image match that of the right camera of the stereo camera arrangement was recorded.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 2, a screen 10 has a column arrangement of picture elements, the picture elements being scanned in the vertical direction with a horizontal image structure of the individual columns. The partial images are reproduced in alternating first columns 12 for a left eye and second columns 11 lying to the left for the right eye of the viewer. In each case a first column 12 and a second column 11 lying to the left are surrounded laterally by vertically extending webs 16 .

According to Fig. 3, 4, these ridges 16 are each aligned on their attachment to the picture screen 10 in the direction of an optical center M between a left eye L and right eye R of the beholder. This results in a beam-like alignment of the webs, in which the webs run in lateral screen areas and at a flatter angle with respect to the screen plane than the webs in a central area, as can be seen from FIG. 4.

The ridges are shown in FIGS. 3, 4 in this case arranged so that each eye can only hen in first column 12, or second column 11 of the screen elements se and each of the other columns are covered by the webs. The view of the left eye with a cover of second columns 11 is shown in FIG. 2a and the view of the right eye with a cover of first columns 12 is shown in FIG. 2b.

Referring to FIG. 6, the webs may have reflective side surfaces. Here, the light of the picture elements of the first and second column can be reflected in a suitable manner on the side surfaces, so that the viewer perceives a larger picture element, advantageously a picture element twice as large. In particular, this prevents each eye from perceiving a half-covered image, which leads to a darkening of the overall image.

A red picture element 13 , a green picture element 14 and a blue picture element 15 , which together with or with another color triplet give it a picture element, can be arranged horizontally next to each other according to FIG. 2 in a manner known per se. Alternatively, an arrangement is shown in FIG. 3 is possible in which the picture elements of different colors are arranged vertically one above the other, so that when the vertical scanning of the picture elements of a well-th image signal sequence can be used. In this way, according to Fig. 3 ho zontal red stripes 25, 26 green stripe and blue stripe 27 may be provided alternately on the screen and carried out a scan in a known PAL technology via a shadow mask with holes.

FIG. 5 shows an arrangement of vertical color strips according to FIG. 2, in which the columns are alternately arranged offset by half a height of a row and 21 beams 22 for controlling the red color strip and beams 23 for controlling the green via a shadow mask with holes 21 Color strips and rays 24 can be used to scan the blue color strip.

According to the invention, both matrix screens, e.g. B. LCD, LED or Plas Flat screens, as well as cathode ray tubes or Braun tubes be used. Because of the geometrical tolerances at Katho the system, even with exact grid matching, the system has several (e.g. two) columns, i.e. H. vertical color triples, per stereo channel included.

In the embodiment with screens, the viewer does not have to do any additional Wear glasses for filtering image signals; however, it is a precise end  direction of the viewer opposite the screen and a parallel alignment tion of the eye line L-R compared to the screen advantageous.

When the webs are formed, the local web angle results from the radii a hypothetical partial spherical surface, the center of which is the observation midpoint corresponds to M.

In particular, other screens can be used instead of the webs. In particular, a film made of plastic or a glass material with suitable prisms can be used, which reflect the light of one half of the picture elements and direct it to the other eye and let the light of the other picture elements pass through. An arrangement corresponding to FIG. 6 and having a higher mechanical stability can thus be achieved by means of a prism foil or a prism glass. However, it is also possible to cast the web arrangements shown in a plastic or glass material in order to increase their mechanical stability.

In Fig. 7a, a screen arrangement, or a television set, with two frame memories 28, shown 29th In particular, it can be a modified 100 Hz television set.

It serves both stereoscopic image display ( 3 D) and the display of quasi-3D effects in conventional monaural programs.

The usual 100 Hz TV set with an available image memory 28 is only expanded by a further image memory 29 and input-side A / D converter 30 and output-side D / A converter 31 . Switching units 32 and 33 ensure appropriate reading and reading of the memories according to the diagram in FIGS. 7b and 7c.

At the input 34 comes an alternating (Y, U, V) -3D signal, or a übli Ches 2D signal, z. B. Signal from a television station.

The memories 28 , 29 are now read alternately (Write R, L). By correctly setting the switch 33 , the image components Y, U, V move to the subsequent stages in 100 Hz alternation. The image signals are alternately displayed on the screen via a color decoder. An IR control unit 35 switches e.g. B. shutter glasses. The LR page ID can be omitted for the time being. The controls of the switchover units and the IR transmitter can be derived from existing pulses. The signals reach a FRAS input or S-VHS input or RGB input or as an RF signal to the tuner. If there is an alternating 3D signal, the modified 100 Hz device will display this 3D image flicker-free. In today's common TV programs, this arrangement results in a quasi-3D stereo image relating to the moving picture elements.

Referring to FIG. 8, a ball 36 moves as the object to be displayed within a period from left to right. The alternating image parts 1L50, 2R50, 3L50, 4L50 (... According to the time arrows t) reaching the memory are read out alternately by the transformation to the 100 Hz image frequency and arrive LR-ordered, i.e. shifted in perspective, with the help a shutter, e.g. B. a pair of shutter glasses 34 separated from the eyes. The passage of time from the perspective of a viewer shows that his right and left field of view are experienced here by means of spotting-field components. This is the reason for the quasi-3D effect of this arrangement.

The missing information of the correctness of the page (foreground-background) can be compensated for by the familiar experience. Through the monaural Overall impression of the deep levels are given as expected. before The profound movements are generally faster, movements in the rear ren part of the picture generally slower; these facts produce a spatially correct Ge depth classification of the picture elements. Wrong deep impressions are from the Habit largely ignored.

With image dynamics, this results in a stereoscopic depth effect.  

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

polarizing filter

2

Line for first picture

3

Line for second picture

4

vertical polarizing filter

5

horizontal polarizing filter

6

screen

7

red pixel

8th

green pixel

9

blue pixel

10

screen

11

Right eye pixel

12

Left eye pixel

13

red pixel

14

green pixel

15

blue pixel

16

web

17

pier

21

hole

22

Beam for R

23

Beam for G

24

Beam for B

25

red color stripe

26

green stripe

27

blue streaks

28

image memory

29

image memory

30

A / D converter

31

D / A converter

32

Switch LR in

33

Switch LR out

34

Shutterbrille

35

IR controller

36

ball
L left eye
M optical center
R right eye

Claims (26)

1. Attachment for a screen with picture elements, for the reproduction of quasi three-dimensional images, with a shielding device ( 4 , 5 , 16 ) for simultaneously shielding a first half of the picture elements ( 2 , 12 ) from a right eye of a viewer and a second half of Picture elements ( 3 , 11 ) against a left eye of the viewer. 2. An attachment according to claim 1, characterized in that the shielding device has a polarization filter ( 1 ) with first polarization filter devices ( 4 ) for shielding the first half of image elements (2) from the right eye of the viewer and second polarization filter devices ( 5 ) for shielding of the second half of picture elements ( 3 ) opposite the left eye of the viewer, the first polarization filter devices transmitting light of a first polarity and the second polarization filter devices transmitting light of a second polarity that is different from the first polarity. 3. An attachment according to claim 2, characterized in that the polarization directions of the first polarization filter devices ( 2 ) and second polarization filter devices ( 3 ) are ortho-gonal to one another, preferably in the horizontal or vertical direction of the screen. 4. An attachment according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the first polarization filter devices ( 2 ) and second polarization filter devices ( 3 ) are alternating rows or columns of the polarization filter ( 1 ). 5. An attachment according to claim 1, characterized in that the shielding means are screens, preferably webs ( 16 ), which cover the first half of picture elements ( 12 ) with respect to the right eye of the viewer and the second half of picture elements ( 11 ) with respect to the left Cover the eye of the beholder. 6. Article according to claim 5, characterized, that the bezels face away from the surface of the monitor a midpoint (M) between the left eye (L) and right eye (R) of the viewer. 7. Article according to claim 5 or 6, characterized, that the bezels are continuous in the vertical direction of the screen extend. 8. Article according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that between two diaphragms ( 16 ) each have a first column ( 12 ) of picture elements of the first half and a second column ( 11 ) of picture elements of the second half of the picture elements is. 9. Article according to claim 8, characterized in that the first column ( 12 ) of picture elements for the left eye is arranged to the right of the second column ( 11 ) of picture elements for the left eye. 10. An attachment according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the side surfaces of the webs ( 16 ) are mirrored in such a way that part of the light emitted by the first column ( 12 ) of picture elements is in such a manner on a mirrored side surface of a web ( 16 ) to the left eye (L) of the viewer and part of the light emitted from the second column ( 11 ) of picture elements is reflected by a mirrored side surface of a web ( 16 ) to the right eye (R) of the viewer. 11. An attachment according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that each picture element arranged horizontally next to one another, a red picture element area ( 13 ) for red light, a green picture element area ( 14 ) for green light and a blue picture element area ( 15 ) for blue light having. 12. An attachment according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that each picture element arranged vertically one above the other a red picture element area ( 25 ) for red light, a green picture element area ( 26 ) for green light and a blue picture element area ( 27 ) for blue light having. 13. Article according to claim 12, characterized in that the picture elements in each column ( 11 , 12 ) in alternating rows are shifted to one another in the horizontal direction by half a column width. 14. Screen arrangement for a three-dimensional reproduction of images, with a screen with a two-dimensional arrangement of Bildele elements and an attachment according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the first half ( 2 , 12 ) of picture elements first image signals for a first image for the left eye of the viewer and the second half ( 3 , 11 ) of image elements second image signals for a second image for the right eye (R) of the viewer can be fed. 15. Screen arrangement according to claim 14, characterized, that the screen is a flat screen or a cathode ray tube. 16. Screen arrangement according to one of claims 14 to 15, characterized, that the image signals of one half of picture elements ge as deviations compared to the image signals of the other half of image elements are portable. 17. Screen arrangement according to one of claims 14 to 16, with an article according to one of claims 5 to 13, characterized in that the scanning of the picture elements takes place along vertical columns ( 11 , 12 ) of the screen. 18. Screen arrangement according to claim 14 or 17, characterized in that the first image signals for the first half of picture elements ( 2 , 12 ) and the second image signals for the second half of picture elements ( 3 , 11 ) are transmitted sequentially and alternately via a data channel , 19. Screen arrangement according to claim 18, characterized, that the image signals for a first picture element and the image signals for a second picture element, which is arranged next to the first picture element, be sent out immediately one after the other.   20. Screen arrangement according to claim 18 or 19, characterized, that it has two image memories, each of which belongs to one of the images is arranged, wherein a sequential image signal of a fundamental frequency, for. B. 100 Hz, is read in, which is divided into first and second image signals, with the first and second image signals as two images in the image memories half a fundamental frequency, e.g. B. each 50 Hz, stored and each of the frame buffers at the fundamental frequency, e.g. B. 100 Hz will. 21. Screen arrangement according to claim 20, characterized, that a switching signal for assigning the first and second image signals is read in to the two image memories. 22. Screen arrangement according to claim 20, characterized, that a monaural image signal is read in without a switchover signal in the first and second image signals are divided into the two image specs alternately read in at half the base frequency and with the base frequency can be read out. 23. TV with a screen arrangement according to one of the claims 14 to 22 24. A method for reproducing quasi-three-dimensional images, in which an image signal is supplied to a screen arrangement according to one of claims 14 to 22, which is divided into first and second image signals, the first half ( 2 , 12 ) of picture elements of the screen arrangement first image signals for a first image for the left eye of the viewer and the second half ( 3 , 11 ) of picture elements of the screen arrangement, second image signals for a second image for the right eye (R) of the viewer. 25. The method according to claim 24, characterized, that a stereoscopically recorded image signal is fed and into the first and second image signals is divided. 26. The method according to claim 24, characterized, that a monaural image signal is fed and into the first and second Image signals is divided.