CZ20011066A3 - Device for removing non-gasified fuel residues - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for removing non-gasified fuel residues from a grate wherein the device is located in a gasification reactor (1) bottom section where there is disposed a grate (2) resting on a pipe (5). Air is supplied below the grate (2) through an air supply socket (7), an aperture (6) in the pipe (5) and the pipe (5) mounted on a pipe flange (17). On the grate (2), there is disposed a sliding poker (10) with a bar (13) and opposite to said sliding poker (10) there is disposed a sliding closing part (12) of the grate space coupled with a bar (14) of the closing part (12). Non-gasified fuel (9) residues are periodically moved by the sliding poker (10) away into a discharge tube (11) and those residues of the non-gasified fuel (9) that get below the sliding poker (10) are moved during the return movement thereof into a discharge socket (15). Said discharge socket (15) is provided at its bottom with a blinding flange (16) after removal of which said discharge socket (15) is cleaned up. The sliding poker (10) has the form of a grate; the rods of the poker (10) have identical diameter and the same gaps between each other as the rods of the grate (2). This arrangement enables air to flow into the gasification space (8) during movement of the sliding poker (10).

Description

Device for removing ungassed fuel residues

Technical field

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for removing ungassed fuel residues located in the lower portion of a gasification apparatus in which a grate is located.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In fluidized-bed gasification of solid fuels, the most common cause of technological process failures that result in the need to shut down the gasifier is the accumulation of ungassed fuel particles on the grate. These ungassed fuel particles may be stones, lumps of iron, cinder formed when the ash melting point is exceeded, or fuel and ash agglomerates, joined by various binders formed during gasification. These binders may be glass formed from quartz sand in the presence of alkaline elements (Na, K), which are often contained in wood ash, or molten plastics. In addition, the accumulated ungassed fuel particles increase the pressure drop of the fluidized bed, limit the air flow to the reactor, cause the fluidized bed to drop to the grate and thus prevent further operation. One known solution to these problems is the inclined arrangement of the grate so that stones, pieces of iron and agglomerates slide by gravity in the direction of the grate slope to the point where they are periodically discharged to the ash collection vessel. Ungassed fuel residues, in particular fuel and ash agglomerates joined by various binders, are sticky to sticky in character, attach to the grate and become firmly bonded to it on subsequent firing. Another solution is to arrange the grate in the form of a steep perforated cone with a central tube. The ash and ungassed fuel residues move along the wall of the steep perforated cone to the central tube and are discharged to the ash collection vessel. The disadvantage of these embodiments is, however, that even here the fuel residues stick to the grate wall, since the gravitational force to move them to the central tube is low. In addition, the conical arrangement of the grate limits the cross-sectional area of the central tube, in which the so-called cross-section of the grate occurs. bridging the material, thus practically reducing the cross-section of the central tube by clogging the residue of ungassed fuel. The greater the length of the steep cone grate, the smaller the discharge center tube is compared to the reactor diameter and the risk of bridging is greater.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device which allows the removal of ungassed fuel residues from the grate without increasing the pressure drop

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fluidized bed, reducing air access to the gasification process, dropping the fluidized bed to the grate and fouling the grate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object is achieved by a device for removing ungassed fuel residues according to the invention, characterized in that a sliding rake is placed on the grate, against which a sliding closing element of the grate space is located on the opposite side of the grate. fuel residues. In a preferred embodiment, the sliding rake has the shape of a grate. The sliding rake is generally provided with a rod connected to the pneumatic cylinder, and the rod connected to the other air cylinder is also provided with a closing element of the grate space. The use of a hydraulic cylinder instead of a pneumatic cylinder is not excluded. The sliding rake is periodically moved along the grate and digs out the ungassed fuel particles from the grate into the outlet tube, and in the same direction the sliding closure element of the grate space is pushed back and returned when the grate is moved back. To allow air to enter the gasification chamber when the rake is moved over the grate, the movable rake is formed by side-by-side rods of the same diameter and spacing as the grate bars. In order to facilitate easy removal and cleaning of the grate, the grate is placed on the pipe, at the bottom resting on the flange. After loosening the flange, the grate pipe is removed and the grate is easy to clean. In a preferred embodiment, openings are provided around the circumference of the pipe and are connected to the air inlets.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The apparatus for removing ungassed fuel residues according to the invention is schematically shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a bottom portion of a gasification fluidized bed reactor, where also an apparatus for removing ungassed fuel residues is located. A plan view of the device for removing ungassed fuel residues is shown in FIG. 2, with both the sliding rake in the position outside the grate in both FIGS. 3 and 4, the same device is shown in a position where the grate is moved to a position above the grate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The gasification reactor 1, in this example a fluidized gasification generator with a gasification space 8, is provided at the bottom with a device for removing the ungassed fuel residue, in which a grate 2 formed by the rods 3 is located. · · · · ΦΦΦΦ · · · φ · φ · φ · φ · φ · ·

- 3 between which there are gaps 4. The grate 2 is connected to a pipe 5, around its periphery there are openings 6, which are connected to the air inlets 7. On one side of the tube 5, the bottom part of the gasification reactor is provided with an outlet gas pipe 11 of ungassed fuel residues, and on the opposite side of the pipe 5 is an outlet throat 15 for unexcavated ungassed fuel residues. which removes entrapped non-gaseous fuel residue after release. On one side of the grate 2 there is a sliding rake 10 connected to the rake rod 13 and on the other side of the grate 2 there is a sliding closing element 12 of the grate space provided with a closing element rod 14. The grate 2 is formed by rods 3 between which there are gaps 4, the same diameter also having the rods 18 of the movable rake, between which also the same gaps as the gaps 4 in the grate 2 are made.

The gasification takes place in the gasification chamber 8 of the gasification reactor 1 and the ungassed fuel residues 9 remain on the grate 2 and are periodically pushed by the slide 10 into the outlet pipe 11,. The sliding rake 10 moves from the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 to the position shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 while moving the sliding closure member 12 of the grate space. The movement of the movable rake 10 and the slide closure member 12 of the grate space is mediated by air cylinders (not shown), one of which is connected to the rake rod 13 and the other is connected to the closure member rod 14. As the slide rake 10 moves back to the position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the slide shutter 12 of the grate space also returns to its original position. Because the movable rake 10 is formed by rods 18 of the same diameter and with the same gaps as the grate bars 3 and grate gaps 4, as the sliding rake 10 moves, air can flow into the gasification space 8 in the tube 5 and through the tube 5 and the grate 2. The pipe 5 supporting the grate 2 is supported on the pipe flange 17 after removal of which the grate 2 with the pipe 5 can be removed and cleaned.

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Claims (4)

00 * · ♦ · 40 · 0 «4 00 ·· • 99999 PATENT REQUIREMENTS A device for removing ungassed fuel residues, located in the lower part of a gasification plant, in which a grate is located, characterized in that a sliding rake (10) is placed on the grate (2) against which it is on the opposite side of the grate (2). a sliding closure member (12) of the grate space is provided and at least one outlet pipe (11) of ungassed fuel residues (9) is provided next to the grate (2). Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable rake (10) has the shape of a grate. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the movable rake (10) is formed by side-by-side rods (18) of the same diameter and the same gap width between the rods (18) as the rods (3) and the gaps (4). ) of the grate (2). Device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the grate (2) is located on the pipe (5), in the lower part resting on the pipe flange (17). Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that openings (6) are formed around the circumference of the pipe (5), to which the air intake necks (7) adjoin. 2oo! - ίο Gg 4 0 · ♦ · * · 0 0 4 0 4 0 4 · · 000 0 040 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 4 «« 400 4004 ·· ·· ·· ·· 40 Fig. 2