CN88101101A

CN88101101A - The partition method of plant stem-leaf and equipment

Info

Publication number: CN88101101A
Application number: CN88101101.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘彦成
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1988-03-17
Filing date: 1988-03-17
Publication date: 1988-09-28
Also published as: CN1007581B

Abstract

The invention provides a method and equipment for separating the stems and leaves of tank materials. The equipment is composed of a refiner, a sieve, a sedimentation tank, a batching cylinder, etc., and the method is to grind and screen the materials to extract eutrophic nutrients from various stems and leaves. The powder and fiber are separated, and the powdery nutrient is used as a concentrated feed fiber for poultry and livestock for papermaking, fiberboard or as a tie material for building plastering.

Description

Method and equipment for separating plant stems and leaves

The invention relates to a method and equipment for separating plant stems and leaves into plants and fibers.

Plant stems and leaves generally contain more (20-40%) crude fibers, the crude fibers consume energy when passing through the digestive tracts of the livestock, most of the crude fibers are discharged from excrement, a large amount of nutrient substances are necessarily taken away when the crude fibers are discharged, and according to the calculation of test results, two kilograms of weight can be lost when pigs eat one kilogram of fibers. The traditional processing method of the green and coarse fodder (generally referring to grass and crop straws) comprises the methods of crushing, stewing, fermenting, alkalizing and the like, only changes the form and the structure of the fodder, does not change components, and does not reduce the fiber content, so that the palatability of the fodder can only be improved, and the nutritive value of the fodder cannot be improved. The processing method of leaf protein is an exception, which is to pulp fresh and tender leaves to obtain juice, heat and filter out leaf protein clot after heating, but the method can only recover 9% of dry matter, has high cost and is not suitable for general use.

The invention aims to provide a method and equipment for separating plant stems and leaves, which separates nutrients and fibers in the plant stems and leaves, enables the nutrients to fully exert the nutritional function without being influenced by the negative effect of the fibers, and simultaneously recycles the fibers to be applied to the building industry and the paper industry.

The method for separating the stem leaves of the plants comprises the following steps: the material is first cut or crushed, then floated in water to precipitate and eliminate silt and metal impurity, and the crushed and impurity eliminated material is pressurized and cooked to plasticize the lignin in fiber and soften the material to reduce fiber breaking and separate short and round nutritious cells and slender fiber cells completely. Feeding the crushed, impurity-removed and softened materials into a pulping machine for pulping. When grinding, the material is squeezed and rubbed intermittently for several times by moving and fixed grinding discs to become thin, the fibre is loosened, broomed and hydrated to make the plant powder and fibre lose combination state to form mixed state, the ground pulp is washed by water, the slender fibre and powder suspension are separated by screen, the suspension is settled, filtered or centrifuged to dewater, or dried and pulverized to obtain plant powder. The plant powder can be added with a small amount of traditional feed for livestock to eat directly, and can also be added with dry feed. The fiber part can be dried in the sun and broken up to make a fiber board or be used for building plastering, if the fiber part is softened and grinded into pulp, and the pulp is screened and deslagged to obtain qualified paper pulp.

The plant stem and leaf separating apparatus consists of material box, water returning pipe, pulping machine, jumping sieve, depositing pond, pulp exhausting pipe, seasoning cylinder, etc.

Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a plant stem and leaf separation process.

Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the main view of the refiner.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a seasoning cartridge.

In fig. 1: the straw grinding machine comprises a straw cutting machine, a material box, a water return pipe, a pulp grinding machine, a jumping sieve, a sedimentation tank, a pulp discharge pipe, a water return tank, a water return pump, a seasoning cylinder, a feeding pump, a crusher, an overflow pipe, a high water tank, an automatic feeding groove, a fiber and a plant powder, wherein the sieve is arranged at the upper part of the sedimentation tank, the pulp discharge pipe is arranged at the lower part of the sedimentation tank, the water return tank is arranged at the lower part of the sedimentation tank, the water return pump is arranged at the lower part of the sedimentation tank, the seasoning cylinder is arranged at the lower part of the sedimentation tank, the seasoning.

In fig. 2: (18) the grinding wheel comprises a pulp lifting pipe (19), a shell (20), a movable grinding disc (21), a fixed grinding disc (22), a rotary disc (23), a front cover (24), a rear cover (24), a distributor (25), an oil seal (26), a gap adjusting wheel (27), a thrust bearing (28) and a motor (29), wherein: the grinding chamber formed by the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc has an opening wider than 4 cm and a tooth at the central part higher, which is beneficial to the thick materials to enter the pulping machine. The turntable is directly connected with the motor shaft, so that the rigidity of the pulping machine is enhanced, and the gap adjusting wheel is connected with the rear cover through threads, so that the structure of the pulping machine is greatly simplified.

In figure 3, (30) is a spiral stirrer, and (31) is a filter screen, the spiral stirrer is arranged in the center of the cylinder, and the filter screen is arranged at the bottom of the spiral stirrer, so that dehydration and uniform mixing can be realized.

Referring to fig. 1, the process of separating and producing the plant powder feed by taking fresh grass as an example is described, green grass is cut into 1-2 cm by a hay cutter (1), then the green grass is added into a feed box (2), soil or metal sundries in the grass are sunk into the bottom of the feed box, clear crushed grass and juice flowing back from a sedimentation tank (6) flow into a refiner (4) together, the materials are rubbed by a movable grinding disc and a fixed grinding disc in the refiner, extruded and defibered and mashed, powder is scraped off, fiber is split, broomed and hydrated, the milled pulp is pushed to a jump sieve (5) by a pulp lifting pipe (18) under the centrifugal action of the grinding disc, the pulp is driven by a motor (32) to rotate with the inclination of 20 percent and a 30-50 mesh screen with the amplitude of 1450 times/min, and the pulp is washed by high water from the feed box on the screen at the same time, the fiber slides downwards along the screen due to gravity, the powder and the juice which pass through the screen flow into the sedimentation tank (6), the powder is settled at the conical bottom of the sedimentation tank, and the juice is discharged by the water return pipe (3) for recycling. All juice discharged from each process flows into a water return tank (8) and is returned by a water return pump (9) for recycling, so that various water-soluble nutrients are recovered. When a valve is opened on a pulp discharging pipe (7), pasty plant powder containing 5 percent of dry matters flows into a mixing barrel (10), under the action of a stirrer, a part of juice of the materials flows into a water return pool (8) through a filter screen (31) in the circulating operation process, when the plant powder concentration in the mixing barrel reaches the requirement (namely, traditional feed is added to prepare feed with dry matters accounting for about 20 percent), a water outlet valve is closed, the traditional feed is slowly added, the type and the quantity of the traditional feed are weighed according to a scientific formula and are crushed by a melon type crusher (12) for use, when the feed in the mixing barrel is fully and uniformly mixed, the feed can be sent into an automatic feed trough (15) through a pipeline through a feed pump (11), livestock can eat from the feed trough at any time, and if dry feed is prepared, the pasty plant powder can be dehydrated by a dehydrator to be dried to become wet block plant powder containing 30 percent of dry matters, and then dried by a drying chamber. The dry plant powder and the traditional feed are weighed according to a scientific formula, crushed by a claw type crusher and fully and uniformly mixed by a mixer to prepare the powdery compound feed. The screened wet fiber can be dehydrated and dried in the sun, and the dried fiber can be sent to a hammer mill to be beaten into floccules for fiber board manufacture or building industry.

Compared with the traditional processing method of the coarse and green feed, the method has the advantages that the nutritive value of the produced feed is improved by more than 2 times, and the total economic benefit of the recycled fiber is improved by several times. The traditional green and coarse fodder processing method can only adopt green and tender plant stems and leaves, and the invention can adopt most of the plant stems and leaves which are fresh, tender, old, dry and have burrs and are polluted by soil, thereby obviously expanding the fodder source. The loose and pure fiber, the lime and the plastering produced by the invention are easy to combine, only 20 g of fiber is added into each kilogram of lime to ensure that a lime layer is not cracked, the pulling force is 3 times of that of a paper box, the cost is only 1/5 of a hemp knife, and meanwhile, the fiber can also be used in the paper industry, and the paper making raw materials are enlarged.

Claims

1. A method for separating the stem and leaf of plant includes such steps as grinding the broken plant leaves by a grinder, washing with water, sieving to obtain fibres and plant powder, dewatering, and adding conventional feed.

2. The method for separating stem from leaf of plant according to claim 1, wherein the density of the mesh is 30 to 50 mesh.

3. An apparatus for separating plant stems and leaves, characterized by:

the pulping machine consists of a material box (2), a water return pipe (3), a pulping machine (4), a jumping sieve (5), a sedimentation tank (6), a pulp discharge pipe (7), a seasoning cylinder (8) and the like.

4. The plant stem and leaf separating device according to claim 3, wherein the pulping machine comprises a pulping pipe (18), a shell (19), a movable grinding disc (20), a fixed grinding disc (21), a rotary disc (22), a front cover (23), a rear cover (24), a distributor (25), an oil seal (26), a gap adjusting wheel (27), a thrust bearing (28), a motor (29) and the like, and is characterized in that a grinding chamber opening formed by the movable grinding disc and the fixed grinding disc is larger than 4 cm, the rotary disc is directly connected with a motor shaft, and the gap adjusting wheel is connected with the rear cover through threads.

5. A plant stem and leaf separating apparatus as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the dosing cylinder is provided centrally with a screw agitator (30) having a sieve (31) at its base.