CN2498158Y - Pyrolyzer for producing moderate gas from biological materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The pyrolysis furnace for producing medium calorific value gas from biomass is a kind of equipment for producing biomass gas. In the furnace body of the pyrolysis furnace, the outer side of the inner cylinder is equipped with a plate stirrer, and the outer side of the outer cylinder is an insulation layer. , There is a feeding hopper on the upper end of the furnace body, a gas locker is provided between the feeding hopper and the furnace body, the driving device is connected with the inner cylinder, and a grate, water seal, slag outlet, gas The gas outlet and the burner are located at the lower part of the furnace body and connected with the inner cylinder. The burner is located at the lower part of the furnace body and communicates with the gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder to form an external heating type pyrolysis furnace. The furnace body is placed horizontally and obliquely, the feeding hopper and the gas locker are located at the upper part of one end of the furnace body, and the slag outlet and the gas outlet are located at the lower part of the other end of the furnace body, forming a charging-type pyrolysis furnace.

Description

Pyrolysis furnace for producing medium calorific value gas from biomass

1. Technical field

The utility model relates to a pyrolysis furnace for preparing medium calorific value gas, which belongs to the technical field of biomass gas production equipment.

2. Background technology

Biomass energy (straw, organic matter in urban domestic waste, forest waste, etc.) The released CO ₂ is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis. Generally speaking, the net release of CO ₂ is zero and will not cause the greenhouse effect. With the rising price of conventional energy such as oil, renewable energy will occupy an increasingly prominent position in the new century and will be valued by most countries in the world. Biomass energy now accounts for about 14% of the world's total energy consumption and is growing steadily. In 2001, the United States will use biomass energy to surpass nuclear energy and become the second largest energy source next to coal. By 2050, biomass energy will account for 40% of global direct consumption of combustion and 20% of global electricity.

Currently, there are fluidized and circulating fluidized bed equipment for producing medium calorific value gas by pyrolysis of biomass. Since the equipment uses air as the medium and there are 79% nitrogen in the air, the calorific value of the gas produced is generally 5MJ. /NM ³ . The other is to use oxygen gasification, which can make the thermal energy value reach 11-17MJ/NM ³ , but due to the high production cost of oxygen, it is generally uneconomical and costly. There is also a partition type biopyrolysis Furnace, using coal and straw two materials.

3. Contents of the invention

The purpose of the invention of the utility model is to provide a pyrolysis furnace for producing medium calorific value gas from biomass with simple structure, low gas production cost and full utilization of straw and domestic garbage.

The pyrolysis furnace of the utility model for producing medium calorific value gas from biomass is composed of a furnace body, a feeding device, and a discharge device. The outside of the outer cylinder is an insulation layer, a hopper is provided at the upper end of the furnace body, an air lock is provided between the hopper and the furnace body, the driving device is connected with the inner cylinder, and a grate is provided at the lower part of the furnace body And water seal, slag outlet, gas outlet, the burner is located at the lower part of the furnace body and connected with the inner cylinder. The burner is located at the lower part of the furnace body and communicates with the gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder to form an external heating type pyrolysis furnace. The furnace body is placed horizontally and obliquely, the feeding hopper and gas locker are located at the upper part of one end of the furnace body, and the slag outlet and gas outlet are located at the lower part of the other end of the furnace body, forming a tilting type pyrolysis furnace.

The utility model has the advantages of:

The overall structure of the pyrolysis furnace is simple, and the efficiency of gasification is high. It can not only produce gas with medium calorific value, but also significantly reduce environmental pollution and turn waste into treasure.

At present, there are more than 750,000 villages and more than 600 million tons of straw in the country. With the improvement of people's living standards, my country's straw resources are wasted in large quantities and rural commodity energy shortages, as well as problems such as air and water pollution. If 1/3 of the straw is used to produce medium calorific value gas, 100 million tons of standard coal can be saved, CO ₂ emissions can be reduced by about 140 million tons, SO ₂ by 1.4 million tons, and soot by 1 million tons. And it can promote the construction of small towns to follow the road of sustainable development, which has remarkable energy saving, environmental protection and social benefits.

The principles of urban domestic waste disposal are harmless, volume reduction and recycling. There are currently four ways to deal with waste in the world: incineration for power generation, landfill, composting and pyrolysis. Incineration power generation can achieve the above-mentioned three modernizations, but its only disadvantage is that the investment is too high. On average, 1 ton of garbage is processed every day. If imported equipment is used, it costs 400,000 to 700,000 yuan, and domestic equipment also needs 100,000 to 200,000 yuan; , covers too much area, 1 ton of garbage occupies an area of 2.5-3.2m ² , and the methane generated by anaerobic gas after landfill will cause the explosion of the garbage dump, causing great economic losses. Economic losses amounted to $1.2 billion. China has landfilled more than 6 billion tons of garbage, covering an area of more than 50,000 m ² , many cities have been surrounded by landfill sites; compost also occupies a lot of land, and the investment is also high, and the compost produced can only be used in forest land Such as dry crops, sales are a problem; pyrolysis is a new method of waste treatment, which is characterized by the need for less investment, can achieve the purpose of three waste treatment, can be located in any place, after sorting, 1t per day The initial investment of garbage is 30,000 to 40,000 yuan, and the operating cost is roughly the same as that of incineration power generation, but the cost of combustible gas (coal gas) produced is only about half of that of industrial gas. Dispose of garbage in small and medium-sized cities and towns that are short of funds.

4. Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structural representation of the utility model. Among them, there are hopper 1, gas locker 2, inner cylinder 3, scraper agitator 4, burner 5, outer cylinder 6, transmission mechanism 7, slag outlet 8, gas outlet 9, grate 10, water seal 11, Insulation layer 12.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the external heating type of the utility model.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the internal heating inclined type of the utility model.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an external heating inclined type.

5. Specific implementation

Embodiment 1: the embodiment of vertical external heating type pyrolysis furnace:

The pyrolysis furnace body is composed of a rotating inner cylinder 3 and a fixed high-temperature flue gas outer cylinder 6. Both the inner and outer cylinders are made of heat-resistant steel. The upper part of the inner cylinder 3 is equipped with a feeding hopper 1 and an air locker 2. , the bottom of the inner cylinder is provided with a slag outlet 8, a gas outlet 9, a grate 10, a water seal 11, the inner cylinder is driven to rotate by the transmission mechanism 7, and the inner cylinder 3 is provided with a bracket 4, which rotates with the inner cylinder, Agitate the material and make the material close to the outer wall of the inner cylinder of the high-temperature flue gas, and the heat is transferred from the outside to the material in the inner cylinder. The function of the water seal 11 and the air lock 2 is to prevent the outside air from leaking in and achieve the pyrolysis conditions of air isolation. The biomass material enters the pyrolysis furnace from the upper part of the inner cylinder, and is preheated to the lower part for high-temperature pyrolysis, and the smoke The flow direction of gas and material is countercurrent. The slag and coal gas produced by biomass in the pyrolysis furnace flow from top to bottom, and the coal gas must pass through the highest temperature section in the pyrolysis furnace before being exported, so that the tar in the gas will undergo secondary cracking.

Embodiment 2: the embodiment of vertical internal heating type pyrolysis furnace:

The furnace body of the pyrolysis furnace is composed of a fixed outer cylinder 6 and an inner cylinder 3, both of which are made of heat-resistant steel, the upper end of the outer cylinder is provided with a feeding hopper 1 and an air locker 2, and the lower end of the outer cylinder is provided with a slag outlet Port 8, gas outlet 9, grate 10, water seal 11, the outer side of the inner cylinder is equipped with a bracket stirrer 4, the lower part between the inner and outer cylinders is equipped with a burner 5, and the high-temperature flue gas is in the circular passage of the inner cylinder It flows from bottom to top, and transfers heat to the material in the outer cylinder through the outer wall of the inner cylinder. The function of the water seal 11 and the air locker 2 is to prevent the leakage of outside air and achieve the pyrolysis conditions of air isolation. The biomass material enters the pyrolysis furnace from the upper part of the inner cylinder, and is preheated to the lower part for high-temperature pyrolysis. The flow direction of gas and material is countercurrent. The slag and coal gas produced by biomass in the pyrolysis furnace flow from top to bottom, and the coal gas must pass through the highest temperature section in the pyrolysis furnace before being exported, so that the tar in the gas will undergo secondary cracking.

Embodiment 3: Inclined internal thermal pyrolysis furnace implementation:

The transmission mechanism 7 drives the inner cylinder 3 to rotate, and the outer cylinder wraps the inner cylinder. Both the inner and outer cylinders are made of heat-resistant steel. One end of the outer cylinder is the hopper 1 and the gas locker 2, and the other end is the slag outlet 8 and the gas outlet 9. , the bracket stirrer 4 is installed outside the inner cylinder 3, and rotates with the inner cylinder, the burner 5 is installed in the inner cylinder, close to the slag outlet, and the high-temperature flue gas flows in the inner cylinder from the outlet to the direction of the hopper. The flow direction of flue gas and material is countercurrent. The heat is transferred to the material between the inner and outer cylinders through the inner cylinder wall. The effect of water seal 10 and air locker 2 is to prevent outside air from leaking in, reaching the pyrolysis condition of isolating air. Before the gas is exported, it must pass through the highest temperature section in the pyrolysis furnace, so that the tar in the gas will undergo secondary cracking.

Embodiment 4: Inclined external thermal pyrolysis furnace implementation:

The transmission mechanism 7 drives the plate agitator 4 on the inner cylinder, and the outer cylinder wraps the inner cylinder. Both the inner and outer cylinders are made of heat-resistant steel plates. One end of the inner cylinder is the hopper 1 and the air locker 2, and the other end is the slag outlet. 8. The gas outlet 9 and the burner 5 are installed between the inner and outer cylinders, close to the slag outlet. The high-temperature flue gas flows between the inner and outer cylinders from the outlet to the direction of the hopper, and the flow direction of the flue gas and the material is countercurrent. The heat is transferred from the inner cylinder wall to the material in the cylinder. The effect of water seal 10 and air locker 2 is to prevent outside air from leaking in, reaching the pyrolysis condition of isolating air. Before the gas is exported, it must pass through the highest temperature section in the pyrolysis furnace, so that the tar in the gas can achieve secondary cracking.

Claims (3)

1. One kind produce by biomass in the pyrolysis oven of calorific value of gas, by body of heater, feeding unit and drawing mechanism are formed, it is characterized in that in the body of heater of this pyrolysis oven, the outside of inner core (3) is provided with rubbing board agitator (4), the outside of urceolus is thermal insulation layer (12), be provided with loading hopper (1) in the upper end of body of heater, between loading hopper (1) and body of heater, be provided with air locking device (2), drive unit (7) links to each other with inner core (3), be provided with fire grate (10) and water seal (11) in the bottom of body of heater, slag notch (8), coal gas air outlet (9), bottom and inner core (3) that burner (5) is positioned at body of heater join, and form the pyrolysis oven of internal heat type.
2. 2. according to claim 1 produce by biomass in the pyrolysis oven of calorific value of gas, it is characterized in that burner (5) is positioned at the bottom of body of heater and is connected the pyrolysis oven of composition external-heat with space between inner core (3) and the urceolus (6).
3. 3. the pyrolysis oven of producing middle calorific value of gas by biomass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the body of heater transverse inclination is placed, loading hopper (1) and air locking device (2) are positioned at the top of body of heater one end, slag notch (8), gas exit (9) are positioned at the bottom of the body of heater the other end, form the material formula pyrolysis oven that inclines.

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