CN222980099U

CN222980099U - A pulmonary nodule puncture training model

Info

Publication number: CN222980099U
Application number: CN202422201645.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 瞿介明; 李庆云; 谢叻; 陈巍; 张国良; 周敏; 王爽; 杨清源; 张文龙; 张涵
Original assignee: Ruinjin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Co Ltd
Current assignee: Ruinjin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Co Ltd
Priority date: 2024-09-09
Filing date: 2024-09-09
Publication date: 2025-06-13
Anticipated expiration: 2034-09-09

Abstract

The present application discloses a lung nodule puncture training model, comprising: a rib simulation model, a bronchial model, a skin layer and at least one puncture block; the top and bottom ends of the rib simulation model are both provided with cover plates; the bronchial model is installed in the cavity formed by the rib simulation model; the skin layer is attached to the outside of the rib simulation model and covers the rib simulation model; the bronchial model comprises a bronchial simulation structure, a pulmonary artery simulation structure and a pulmonary vein simulation structure; the rib simulation model and the bronchial simulation structure both comprise a plurality of mounting positions distributed at different positions and used for mounting puncture blocks, and at least one puncture block is mounted on at least one mounting position; the puncture block comprises a puncture block main body simulating normal human tissue, and at least one lung nodule simulator simulating a lung nodule; the lung nodule simulator is fixed in the puncture block main body.

Description

Pulmonary nodule puncture training model

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of medical training models, in particular to a lung nodule puncture training model.

Background

The discovery and diagnosis of lung nodules is of great importance in modern medicine, and needle biopsy of lung nodules is an important diagnostic method of lung nodules. Puncture biopsies of lung nodules can be classified into percutaneous puncture and transbronchial puncture according to the position of the lung nodule, and both puncture methods require medical staff to have abundant operation experience.

To improve the lung nodule penetration biopsy skill, medical personnel typically use simulation models that simulate the structure of the lungs and lung nodules for penetration biopsy training.

In some existing simulation models, the components used to simulate the lung nodules are mounted directly on the lung simulation structure. After the simulation model is used for a period of time, the components of the simulated lung nodule which are repeatedly punctured generally need to be replaced, the existing model for directly installing the components of the simulated lung nodule on the lung simulation structure is low in convenience in component replacement, and the existing model can only be installed at a specific position of the lung nodule, so that the requirements of puncture training on the lung nodules at a plurality of positions cannot be met.

Disclosure of utility model

Therefore, the application discloses the following technical scheme:

The application provides a pulmonary nodule puncture training model, which comprises a rib simulation model, a bronchus model, a skin layer and at least one puncture block;

cover plates are arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the rib simulation model;

The bronchus model is arranged in a cavity formed by the rib simulation model;

the skin layer is attached to the outside of the rib simulation model and coats the rib simulation model;

the bronchus model comprises a bronchus simulation structure, a pulmonary artery simulation structure and a pulmonary vein simulation structure;

The rib simulation model and the bronchus simulation structure comprise a plurality of installation positions which are distributed at different positions and are used for installing the puncture blocks, and the at least one puncture block is installed on at least one installation position;

the puncture block comprises a puncture block main body simulating normal human tissue and at least one lung nodule simulator simulating a lung nodule;

The lung nodule simulator is fixed within the puncture block body.

Optionally, the puncture block comprises a first puncture block;

The two sides of the puncture block main body of the first puncture block are provided with first connecting parts;

The first connecting part is used for fixing the first puncture block on the rib simulation model.

Optionally, the material of the first connecting portion is a hard resin material;

the puncture block main body and the lung nodule simulator are both made of gel materials;

The gel of the puncture block body and the gel of the lung nodule mimic have different colors.

Optionally, the puncture block body of the first puncture block has a groove structure;

When the first puncture block is installed on the rib simulation model, ribs of the rib simulation model are embedded into a groove structure of the first puncture block.

Optionally, the first puncture block includes a plurality of lung nodule mimics at different positions therein, the plurality of lung nodule mimics being different in size.

Optionally, the puncture block comprises a second puncture block for being mounted on the bronchus simulation structure;

The puncture block main body of the second puncture block is of a cylindrical structure or a truncated cone-shaped structure, and a cavity penetrating through the cylindrical structure or the truncated cone-shaped structure is arranged at the axis;

The puncture block main body of the second puncture block is provided with an opening extending along the axis;

When the second puncture block is arranged at the installation position of the bronchus simulation structure, the puncture block main body is clamped at the periphery of the pipe wall of the bronchus simulation structure through the cavity.

Optionally, the second puncture block is provided with a limiting groove;

The installation position of the bronchus simulation structure is provided with a limiting bulge;

And when the second puncture block is installed at the installation position of the bronchus simulation structure, the limiting groove is matched with the limiting protrusion.

Optionally, the inner side of the tube wall of the bronchus simulation structure is provided with a simulation mucosa material.

Optionally, the bronchial model has a stationary base;

The vertebra position of the rib simulation model is provided with a base groove corresponding to the fixed base;

When the bronchus model is installed in a cavity formed by the rib simulation model, the fixing base is accommodated in the base groove.

Optionally, the material of apron is transparent acrylic material.

The beneficial effect of this scheme lies in:

in this scheme, the lung nodule simulant is installed in the puncture piece, and the puncture piece then can be installed on rib simulation model and bronchus emulation structure's arbitrary one or more installation position as required, on the one hand, through installing the puncture piece in different installation positions, the model of this scheme satisfies the demand of carrying out puncture training to the lung nodule of a plurality of positions, on the other hand, the model of this scheme only needs to change the puncture piece on the installation position, just can accomplish the replacement of new and old lung nodule simulant fast, consequently this model has higher convenience when changing lung nodule simulant.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the related art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the related technical descriptions will be briefly described, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for those skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the appearance and dimensions of a training model for pulmonary nodule puncture according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lung nodule puncture training model according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an installation of a bronchial model according to the embodiment of the application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first puncture block mounted on a rib simulation model according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a second puncture block according to an embodiment of the present application mounted on a bronchus simulation structure;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of a second puncture block according to an embodiment of the present application mounted on a bronchus simulation structure.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.

It should be noted that, in the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described as different from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to be referred to each other.

For convenience of description, the above system or apparatus is described as being functionally divided into various modules or units, respectively. Of course, the functions of each element may be implemented in the same piece or pieces of software and/or hardware when implementing the present application.

The application provides a lung nodule puncture training model, please refer to fig. 1, which is a schematic view of the appearance and size of the model. Where (1) of fig. 1 is a top view of the model, (2) of fig. 1 is a side view of the model, and (3) of fig. 1 is a front view of the model.

The size of the model can imitate the size of human chest, so that better training effect can be obtained when the model is used for puncture training. As shown in FIG. 1, the height of the mold may be 258.5 millimeters (mm), the width may be 281mm, and the thickness may be 203mm.

It will be appreciated that the above dimensions are merely examples, and that in other alternative embodiments, the lung nodule puncture training model may have other dimensions that are greater than or less than those shown in fig. 1.

Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a lung nodule puncture training model according to the present embodiment is shown.

It can be seen that the pulmonary nodule puncture training model may comprise a rib simulation model 1, a bronchial model 2, a skin layer 3 and at least one puncture block 4.

Cover plates, namely, a cover plate 5-1 at the top and a cover plate 5-2 at the bottom shown in fig. 2 (1), are provided at both the top and bottom of the rib simulation model 1.

As can be seen from fig. 2 (1), a cavity simulating the chest of a human body is formed inside the rib simulation model, and the bronchial model is installed in the cavity.

The structure of the bronchial model is shown in fig. 2 (2), and the bronchial model includes a bronchial simulating structure 2-1, a pulmonary vein simulating structure 2-3, and a pulmonary artery simulating structure 2-2.

Wherein the bronchial emulation structure may be similar to the bronchial structure of the human body. That is, the bronchial emulation structure may be composed of a hollow tube having an outer diameter and an inner diameter that are identical or close to those of the bronchial tube at the corresponding location of the human body.

The positional relationship between the above structures can be set by simulating the positional relationship between bronchi, pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries of a human body, so as to improve the simulation degree of the model of the embodiment.

The bronchus simulation structure, the pulmonary vein simulation structure and the pulmonary artery simulation structure can be made of soft rubber materials and have certain elasticity and plasticity.

Alternatively, the bronchus simulation structure may be made of white resin, the pulmonary artery simulation structure may be made of blue resin, and the pulmonary vein simulation structure may be made of red resin.

As shown in fig. 2 (3), the skin layer 3 is attached to the outside of the rib simulation model 1 and covers the rib simulation model.

The skin layer 3 may completely cover the rib simulation model 1, or may partially cover the rib simulation model 1.

Optionally, the skin layer can adopt the structure that the segmentation is interchangeable, and the skin layer comprises a plurality of skin pieces, when repeatedly used for training many times, can replace the one or more skin pieces that is puncture repeatedly with new skin piece to be convenient for puncture repeatedly training.

The rib simulation model 1 and the bronchus simulation structure 2 comprise a plurality of installation positions which are distributed at different positions and are used for installing puncture blocks, and at least one puncture block 4 is installed on at least one installation position.

A lung nodule puncture training model may comprise one or more puncture blocks, for example in fig. 2 (1) the model comprises two puncture blocks 4.

The puncture block comprises a puncture block body simulating normal human tissue and at least one lung nodule simulator simulating a lung nodule, wherein the lung nodule simulator is fixed in the puncture block body.

As some examples, the lung nodule simulant may be gel-material spheres that may be embedded within corresponding cavities of the puncture block body to simulate lung nodules embedded in normal human tissue.

In the lung nodule puncture training model of the present embodiment, the material of the cover plate may be a transparent acrylic material, or may be other transparent materials.

The advantage of using transparent material is that the structure inside the mould can be directly observed from the bottom or top of the mould through the cover plate.

Alternatively, the relationship between the lung nodule mimetic and the puncture block body may be:

The puncture block main body is internally provided with a plurality of cavities with the sizes and the shapes being matched with the lung nodule simulators, for example, spherical cavities with the diameters of 8mm,10mm and 12mm are arranged, and when the model is used for training, the lung nodule simulators with the corresponding number and the corresponding size can be plugged into the spherical cavities at the designated positions according to the needs so as to simulate the lung nodules at the corresponding positions.

Moreover, the model can truly simulate the pulmonary anatomy structure, and meets the two training requirements of percutaneous pulmonary nodule puncture and bronchopulmonary nodule puncture training through the puncture block arranged on the rib simulation model and the broncho simulation structure, thereby helping medical staff to improve the operation skill and reducing the risk in actual operation.

Optionally, for better simulation, the skin layer of the model may include a skin layer, a muscle layer and a fat layer, where the skin layer is located at the outermost side of the model, a layer directly contacting with air is the skin layer, the fat layer is below the skin layer, the muscle layer is below the fat layer, and the inner side of the muscle layer contacts with the rib simulation model.

The thickness of the skin layer may be 2mm.

The different layering can be made of different materials so as to better simulate the real human tissue. For example, the skin layer can be made of high-elasticity silica gel material, and has elasticity and touch feeling close to that of real skin. The fat layer and the muscle layer are respectively overlapped by using silica gel materials with different hardness, wherein the silica gel material of the fat layer is lower in hardness and softer than the muscle layer, and the silica gel material of the muscle layer is higher in hardness, so that the thickness and softness of real human tissues can be simulated.

The rib simulation model is made of high-strength plastic materials, for example, white hard resin materials can be adopted, so that the rib simulation model has moderate rigidity and toughness, and can provide real resistance and feedback in the puncture process.

In this embodiment, the bronchial model may be mounted within the cavity of the rib simulation model in a number of ways. As an example, a bronchial model may be installed in the manner shown in fig. 3.

As shown in fig. 3 (1) and (2), a seating recess for receiving the fixing seating may be provided at the position of the vertebra of the rib simulation model.

Correspondingly, as shown in fig. 3 (3), the bronchial model may have a fixing base, and the shape of the fixing base corresponds to that of the base groove, for example, the base groove is a rounded rectangle, and the fixing base is also a rounded rectangle.

Based on the above structure, as shown in fig. 3 (4), when the bronchial model is installed in the cavity formed by the rib simulation model, the fixing base of the bronchial model can be accommodated in the base groove, thereby fixing the bronchial model in the cavity formed by the rib simulation model.

In some alternative embodiments, the cavity formed by the rib simulation model may also have a simulated lung tissue structure, which may be made of a high molecular material, filled with a simulated silica gel to simulate the density and texture of lung tissue. Correspondingly, the bronchial model can be located within the simulated lung tissue structure.

In the model of this embodiment, the puncture blocks may be divided into a first puncture block mounted on the rib simulation model and a second puncture block mounted on the bronchus simulation structure according to the positions at which the puncture blocks are mounted.

Wherein the structure of the first puncture block can be seen in fig. 4.

As shown in fig. 4 (1), both sides of the puncture block body of the first puncture block may have first connection portions protruding outward for fixing the first puncture block to the rib simulation model.

Specifically, the mounting positions on the rib simulation model may be a plurality of mounting holes with a certain depth as shown in (2) of fig. 4, and each mounting hole corresponds to one mounting position.

When the first puncture block is mounted on the rib simulation model, the first connection portion and the mounting hole of the corresponding position may be aligned, and then the first connection portion may be fixed to the mounting hole by a connection member (e.g., a latch, a screw, etc.), whereby the first puncture block can be fixed at the corresponding position.

When the position of the first puncture block needs to be changed, the first puncture block can be fixed at a new position again through the connecting piece only by taking out the connecting piece of the first puncture block which is originally installed and aligning the first connecting part of the first puncture block to the installation hole which is new.

Similarly, when the first puncture block needs to be replaced, the connecting piece for fixing the old puncture block can be taken out, the new puncture block is placed at the corresponding position, and then the first connecting part of the new puncture block is fixed on the mounting hole by the connecting piece again.

In some alternative embodiments, the piercing block body of the first piercing block may also have a groove structure as shown in fig. 4 (1) and (3).

When the first puncture block is mounted in the rib simulation model, the ribs of the rib simulation model may be embedded in the groove structure of the first puncture block in the manner shown in (1) and (3) of fig. 4.

Through setting up above-mentioned groove structure, can improve the firm degree that first puncture piece was installed on rib simulation model, avoid taking place the displacement with this model when training first puncture piece.

As shown in fig. 4 (1), the first connection portion of the first puncture block, the puncture block body and the lung nodule simulator may be made of different materials, for example, the first connection portion is made of a hard resin material, the puncture block body and the lung nodule simulator are made of gel materials, the gel of the puncture block body and the gel of the lung nodule simulator have different colors, that is, the puncture block body is made of a light-colored semitransparent gel material, and the lung nodule simulator is made of a dark-colored opaque gel material.

Alternatively, the nodule simulator may be made of soft silica gel material with realistic texture and touch, and may be adjustable in size and shape to simulate different types and sizes of lung nodules.

Optionally, the puncture block main body and the lung nodule simulator can be gel materials with different densities, so that on one hand, different puncture handfeel can be provided during puncture training, the training effect can be improved, and on the other hand, different CT visualizations can be presented on the CT equipment, so that the model can be applied to CT visualizations.

Optionally, the first puncture block includes a plurality of lung nodule mimics at different locations therein, the plurality of lung nodule mimics being of different sizes.

Taking (1) of fig. 4 as an example, one first puncture block may include spherical lung nodule mimics having diameters of 8mm,10mm, and 12mm, respectively, and two of each size of lung nodule mimics.

Alternatively, the first puncture block may have a different thickness, and a portion of the lung nodule simulant in the first puncture block may be positioned adjacent to the outside, i.e., adjacent to the skin layer, thereby simulating superficial nodules, and another portion of the lung nodule simulant may be positioned adjacent to the inside, i.e., adjacent to the bronchi, thereby simulating deep lung nodules.

The second puncture block for mounting in a bronchial emulation structure may have a structure as shown in fig. 5.

Fig. 5 (1) shows schematic views of the left side, right side, front, back, top and bottom of the second puncture block.

It can be seen that the puncture block body of the second puncture block has a cylindrical structure or a truncated cone-shaped structure (truncated cone-shaped structure in the figure), and the axis has a cavity penetrating the cylindrical structure or the truncated cone-shaped structure.

The puncture block body of the second puncture block is provided with an opening extending along the axis.

The bronchus simulation structure can be shown in fig. 5 (2), and the installation position of the bronchus simulation structure can be any section of pipe wall as shown in fig. 5 (2).

Referring to fig. 5 (2), when the second puncture block is mounted at the mounting position of the bronchus simulation structure, the puncture block main body can be broken off from the opening and clamped into the bronchus structure of the mounting position, then the opening of the puncture block main body is released, and as the puncture block main body adopts gel or silica gel and other materials with certain elasticity, the opening of the puncture block main body is closed under the elastic action after the opening of the puncture block main body is released, and the puncture block main body is restored to a closed seam on the puncture block main body shown in fig. 5 (1), thereby the puncture block main body of the second puncture block is clamped at the periphery of the tube wall of the bronchus simulation structure through the cavity.

When the position of the first puncture block is required to be changed or the first puncture block is required to be replaced, the original first puncture block can be removed and installed at the new position or the first puncture block is required to be replaced by the second puncture block.

The puncture block main body of the second puncture block and the pulmonary nodule simulator can be made of the first puncture block, and will not be described again.

As shown in fig. 6 (1) and (2), because the space for accommodating the puncture blocks at different installation positions of the bronchus simulation structure is different, the outer diameter of the tube is also different, and a plurality of second puncture blocks with different sizes can be arranged, and the second puncture blocks with corresponding sizes can be selected for installation according to the required installation positions.

In some alternative embodiments, the second puncture block is provided with a limiting groove, and the installation position of the bronchus simulation structure is provided with a limiting protrusion corresponding to the limiting groove.

When the second puncture block is installed at the installation position of the early bronchus simulation structure, the limiting groove is matched with the limiting protrusion, that is to say, the limiting protrusion of the installation position can be embedded into the limiting groove of the second puncture block. Therefore, the limiting groove and the limiting protrusion can be matched with each other to prevent the second puncture block from rotating around the axis of the bronchus, so that the stability of the second puncture block in the training process is ensured.

In some alternative embodiments, the inner side of the tube wall of the bronchus simulation structure can be provided with a simulation mucous material for simulating mucous in the bronchus of a human body, so that the simulation degree of the model is improved.

When the model of the embodiment is applied to pulmonary nodule puncture training, if the model is used in percutaneous puncture training, a trainer firstly judges the position of the nodule through touch, visual or simulated influence equipment, and then pastes a mark for indicating the puncture position on the outer surface of the skin layer after judging the position of the nodule. This procedure mimics the preliminary examination steps of a physician in a real clinical procedure, who determines the approximate location of a nodule through body surface palpation and imaging examinations (such as ultrasound or CT guidance).

Once the location of the nodule is determined, the trainer may use a piercing needle to penetrate the skin layer and pierce a piercing block mounted on the rib simulation model. Because the skin layer adopts layered different materials to simulate different tissue layers of a real human body, a trainer can feel resistance and feedback when the puncture needle passes through each layer of tissue in the puncture process, and the identification capability and the puncture accuracy of the different tissue layers are improved.

If used in transbronchial puncture training, the trainer may use a bronchoscope to insert into the passages inside the bronchi of the model of this embodiment. Bronchoscopes are elongate tubular instruments with cameras that penetrate into the bronchi and provide real-time image guidance. The trainer navigates the path of the puncture needle through the image picture of the bronchoscope, gradually approaching the nodule position.

The simulated mucosal material of the inner wall of the bronchial passages not only has proper softness and elasticity, but also has certain friction force, which enables the bronchoscope to generate a real operation feeling during the moving process. The trainer needs to accurately guide the needle to the nodule location by adjusting the angle and depth of the bronchoscope. This process requires a high degree of hand-eye coordination and precise manipulation skills.

Through the transbronchial puncture training, a trainer can practice the capability of performing fine operation under the guidance of images, and the navigation and puncture accuracy in a complex anatomic environment is improved. This has important practical application value for lung nodule biopsies in clinical practice, especially those around or deep in the bronchi.

As previously described, for percutaneous applications, if a penetration that simulates a superficial nodule is desired, a lung nodule simulator may be mounted in the first penetration block of the model near the outside to simulate a clinically common superficial nodule. At this point the handler can determine the nodule location by touch and imaging (e.g., ultrasound guidance) and then perform a puncture. Such training aids beginners in grasping basic puncture skills and the ability to determine the location of the nodule.

If it is desired to simulate the location of a deep nodule, a lung nodule simulator may be mounted on the inside of the first puncture block to simulate a deep located lung nodule. At this point the trainer needs to precisely locate the nodule location by imaging means (such as CT guidance) and then perform a puncture. Such training increases the difficulty of operation, requiring the trainer to have higher image recognition capability and puncture accuracy.

Alternatively, multiple lung nodule mimics may be installed at multiple different locations simultaneously, simulating multiple lung nodule scenarios. Such combined training can improve the ability of the trainer to handle multiple punctures and complex cases comprehensively.

Alternatively, the location of the first puncture block may also be adjusted, the first puncture block may be mounted in a location proximate to an important anatomical structure (e.g., a large blood vessel or airway), and a lung nodule simulator may be mounted in the first puncture block in a location proximate to the important anatomical structure, thereby simulating a clinically high risk location nodule. In this case, the trainer needs to take special care, avoid damaging key structures, and improve the accuracy and safety of the operation.

For transbronchial puncture training, the second puncture block may be mounted on a mounting location near the bronchial trunk, simulating a proximal bronchus nodule clinically near the airway. At this time, the trainer inserts the bronchoscope into the bronchial passage, and uses the image to guide the puncture needle to the nodule position. Such training helps the trainer to grasp the basic operation of the bronchoscope and the image guidance technique.

For transbronchial puncture training, the second puncture block may also be mounted on a distal or distal mounting site that simulates a nodule located in the deep bronchi. At this time, the trainer needs to navigate through the complex airway network by means of a bronchoscope to accurately guide the puncture needle to the target position. Such training increases the difficulty of operation, requiring the trainer to have a high level of skill and spatial positioning under the mirror.

When the device is used for transbronchial puncture training, a plurality of second puncture blocks can be respectively arranged on the installation position close to the main trunk of the bronchus and the installation position of the tail end or the far end of the bronchus, so as to simulate the transbronchial puncture situation of multiple pulmonary nodules. The combined training can improve the comprehensive skills of a trainer in multi-point navigation and multinode puncture.

Optionally, a pulmonary nodule simulator may also be mounted in the second puncture block adjacent the bronchial wall at a location adjacent the critical structures to simulate a clinically high risk location nodule. The trainer needs to accurately navigate and puncture under the bronchoscope, so that key structures around the injury are avoided, and the accuracy and safety of operation are improved.

Finally, it is further noted that relational terms such as first, second, third, fourth, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises an element.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present application, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A lung nodule puncture training model is characterized by comprising a rib simulation model, a bronchus model, a skin layer and at least one puncture block;

The bronchus model is arranged in a cavity formed by the rib simulation model;

The lung nodule simulator is fixed within the puncture block body.

2. The model of claim 1, wherein the puncture block comprises a first puncture block;

3. The model of claim 2, wherein the material of the first connecting portion is a hard resin material;

4. The mold of claim 2, wherein the piercing block body of the first piercing block has a groove structure;

5. The model of claim 2, wherein the first puncture block includes a plurality of lung nodule mimics positioned at different locations therein, the plurality of lung nodule mimics being of different sizes.

6. The model of claim 1, wherein the puncture block comprises a second puncture block for mounting to the bronchial emulation structure;

7. The mold of claim 6, wherein the second puncture block has a limiting groove;

8. The model of claim 1, wherein the bronchial emulation structure has emulated mucosal material inside the tube wall.

9. The model of claim 1, wherein the bronchial model has a stationary base;

10. The mold of claim 1, wherein the cover plate is made of transparent acrylic material.